Search

The objective of this review is to analyze the role of microalgal bioprospecting and the application of microalgae as food supplements and immunostimulants in global and regional aquaculture, highlighting the Brazilian Amazon. This study evaluates the primary advantages of the application of the bioactive compounds of these microorganisms, simultaneously identifying the knowledge gaps that hinder their biotechnological and economic exploitation. The methodology used is comparative and descriptive-analytical, considering the hypothesis of the importance of bioprospecting microalgae, the mechanisms of crop development and its biotechnological and sustainable application. In this context, this review describes the primary applications of microalgae in aquaculture during the last decade (2005–2017). The positive effects of food replacement and/or complementation of microalgae on the diets of organisms, such as their influence on the reproduction rates, growth, and development of fish, mollusks and crustaceans are described and analyzed. In addition, the importance of physiological parameters and their association with the associated gene expression of immune responses in organisms supplemented with microalgae was demonstrated. Complementarily, the existence of technical-scientific gaps in a regional panorama was identified, despite the potential of microalgal cultivation in the Brazilian Amazon. In general, factors preventing the most immediate biotechnological applications in the use of microalgae in the region include the absence of applied research in the area. We conclude that the potential of these microorganisms has been relatively well exploited at the international level but not at the Amazon level. In the latter case, the biotechnological potential still depends on a series of crucial steps that involve the identification of species, the understanding of their functional characteristics and their applicability in the biotechnological area, especially in aquaculture.

The objective of this review is to analyze the role of microalgal bioprospecting and the application of microalgae as food supplements and immunostimulants in global and regional aquaculture, highlighting the Brazilian Amazon. This study evaluates the primary advantages of the application of the bioactive compounds of these microorganisms, simultaneously identifying the knowledge gaps that hinder their biotechnological and economic exploitation. The methodology used is comparative and descriptive-analytical, considering the hypothesis of the importance of bioprospecting microalgae, the mechanisms of crop development and its biotechnological and sustainable application. In this context, this review describes the primary applications of microalgae in aquaculture during the last decade (2005–2017). The positive effects of food replacement and/or complementation of microalgae on the diets of organisms, such as their influence on the reproduction rates, growth, and development of fish, mollusks and crustaceans are described and analyzed. In addition, the importance of physiological parameters and their association with the associated gene expression of immune responses in organisms supplemented with microalgae was demonstrated. Complementarily, the existence of technical-scientific gaps in a regional panorama was identified, despite the potential of microalgal cultivation in the Brazilian Amazon. In general, factors preventing the most immediate biotechnological applications in the use of microalgae in the region include the absence of applied research in the area. We conclude that the potential of these microorganisms has been relatively well exploited at the international level but not at the Amazon level. In the latter case, the biotechnological potential still depends on a series of crucial steps that involve the identification of species, the understanding of their functional characteristics and their applicability in the biotechnological area, especially in aquaculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: In this study different implant systems were evaluated mechanically. Material and Method: 101implants including MIS, ITI, Biolok and Biotec implants in 32 patients which were good general health status. The implants were followed up over a period of 2 years and mechanical failure of the implants was evaluated. Results: One implant fracture, 2 screw fracture and 18 screw and abutment loosening were observed. The two-year short follow up success rates were %87,23 for MIS implants, %86,20 for ITI implants, %55,55 for Biolok implants and %75 for Biotec implants. Conclusion: Abutment and screw loosening was observed to the most common prosthetic complication. We observed greater success rates for ITI implants and also MIS implants, however, long-term follow up is needed to verify the long-term success MIS, Biolok and Biotec implant systems. ÖZET Amaç: Bu çalışmada farklı implant sistemlerinin, kısa dönem, mekanik açıdan başarıları değerlendirilmiştir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Sistemik olarak sağlıklı 32 hastada, MIS, ITI, Biolok ve Biotec implant sistemlerinden oluşan 101 adet implant uygulanmıştır. İmplantlar 2 yılı aşkın bir süre takip edilmiştir ve mekanik başarısızlıklar değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: 1 implant kırığı, 2 vida kırığı ve 18 vida ve abutment gevşemesi tespit edilmiştir. İki yılı aşkın bir süreçte, implantların kısa dönem başarısı MIS için %87.23, ITI için %86.20, Biolok için %55.55 ve Biotec için %75 olarak bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Vida ve abutment gevşemesinin en sık görülen protetik komlikasyon olduğu görülmüştür. ITI ve MIS implant sistemleri önemli ölçüde başarılı bulunurken, MIS, Biolok ve Biotec implant sistemleri için uzun dönem çalışmaları gerekmektedir.