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Meat and meat products are often consumed in our daily diet, providing essential nutrients. Contamination by chemical hazards, including bisphenol A (BPA) in meat products, is a concern and is continuously monitored. BPA is well-known for its endocrine-disrupting properties, which may cause potential toxicological effects on reproductive, nervous, and immune systems. Dietary consumption is the main route of BPA exposure, and meat products are a major contributor. BPA exposure from meat consumption is the focus of this review. This review found that BPA has been widely detected in canned and non-canned meat products. BPA in canned meat is assumed to be predominantly from migration from can coatings. Relatively low levels are observed in non-canned products, and the source of contamination in these products has yet to be definitively identified. A recent European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) draft opinion has proposed to lower the tolerable daily intake of BPA from 4 μg kg body weight (bw)-1 day-1 to 0.04 ng kg body weight (bw)-1 day-1, therefore potential health risks need to be addressed. This review has investigated potential contamination at the farm, industrial processes, and retail levels. Data gaps in the literature are also identified to improve future food safety in the meat industry. Also, a unified risk assessment strategy has been proposed. Further understanding of BPA migration in meat products is needed as a part of the exposure assessment to reduce potential risk, and more data on the dose-response relationship will help comprehend potential adverse health effects of BPA on humans. This research will inform the public, meat producers and processing industry, and policymakers on potential exposure to BPA and risk reduction measures, thus, ensuring food safety. ispartof: ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH vol:213 ispartof: location:Netherlands status: published

La contamination en alkylphenols (AP) et en bisphenol A (BPA) des eaux de ruissellement urbaines est averee. Les sources potentielles de ces contaminants dans les eaux de ruissellement sont endogenes au bassin versant et sont liees en particulier a la circulation automobile et au lessivage des materiaux constituant l’enveloppe bâtie et les infrastructures urbaines. Cet article synthetise les resultats d’un travail experimental mene sur une selection de materiaux de construction, de materiaux et de consommables automobiles entrant en contact avec la pluie afin d’evaluer leur potentiel d’emission des AP, alkylphenols ethoxyles et BPA dans le ruissellement. 36 echantillons de materiaux, neufs et usages, appartenant a sept grandes familles de materiaux de construction (PVC, beton, polycarbonate, bitume modifie SBS, materiaux de drainage) et de materiaux automobiles (carrosserie, pneus) ont ete soumis a des tests de lixiviation au methanol puis, pour une selection d’entre eux, a des tests de lixiviation a l’eau. Trois types de fluides automobiles (liquide de frein, lave-glace et liquide de refroidissement) ont ete extraits directement. Les resultats demontrent la presence ubiquiste des composes recherches dans les materiaux urbains, ainsi que leur caractere extractible a l’eau. Les composes avec les plus forts taux d’emission sont le BPA et le nonylphenol (NP). Les emissions dans l’eau en BPA les plus importantes (10 a 300 ng/g) ont ete mesurees pour le polycar bonate, les pneumatiques, certaines carrosseries de voiture et les PVC. Le NP a ete lixivie par l’eau en quantite importante (1 a 10 ng/g) depuis les PVC, certains betons, les bitumes modifies SBS et les echantillons de carrosserie. Les pneus sont les seuls materiaux presentant une forte emission en octylphenol (OP) (1 a 10 ng/g). L’analyse de fluides automobiles a confirme la presence du BPA (0, 3 a 5, 5 g/L) et du NP (2, 3 a 2, 9 mg/L) dans les liquides de frein, tandis que les AP et le BPA peuvent etre trouves a l’etat de traces dans les liquides de refroidissement et lave-glaces.

Background The cancer death rate escalated during 20th century. In South Korea, lung cancer is expected to contribute 12,736 deaths in men, the highest amount among all cancers. Several risk factors may increase the chance to acquiring lung cancer, with mostly related to exogenous compounds found in cigarette smoke and synthetic manufacturing materials. As the mortality rate of lung cancer increases, deeper understanding is necessary to explore risk factors that may lead to this malignancy. In this regard, this study aims to apply high resolution metabolomics (HRM) using LC-MS to detect significant compounds that might contribute in inducing lung cancer and find the correlation of these compounds to the subjects’ smoking habit. Methods The comparison was made between healthy control and lung cancer groups for metabolic differences. Further analyses to determine if these differences are related to tobacco-induced lung cancer (past-smoker control vs. past-smoker lung cancer patients (LCPs) and non-smoker control vs. current-smoker LCPs) were selected. The univariate analysis was performed, including a false discovery rate (FDR) of q = 0.05, to determine the significant metabolites between the analyses. Hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) was done to discriminate metabolites between the control and case subjects. Selected compounds based on significant m/z features of human serum then experienced MS/MS examination, showing that for many m/z, the patterns of ion dissociation matched with standards. Then, the significant metabolites were identified using Metlin database and features were mapped on the human metabolic pathway mapping tool of the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Results Using metabolomics-wide association studies, metabolic changes were observed among control group and lung cancer patients. Bisphenol A (211.11, [M + H-H2O]+), retinol (287.23, [M + H]+) and L-proline (116.07, [M + H]+) were among the significant compounds found to have contributed in the discrimination between these groups, suggesting that these compounds might be related in the development of lung cancer. Retinol has been seen to have a correlation with smoking while both bisphenol A and L-proline were found to be unrelated. Conclusions Two potential biomarkers, retinol and L-proline, were identified and these findings may create opportunities for the development of new lung cancer diagnostic tools. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12931-016-0419-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Many organic hazardous pollutants such as bisphenolA (BPA) which are toxic and not easily biodegradable can concerns for environmental pollution worldwide. The objective of this study was to examine whether Azolla Filiculoides is able to remove BPA from aqueous solutions. In this study, the Azolla with different biomass (0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2 g) has been cultured in solution that was contained 5, 10, 25 and 50 ppm BPA. Samples were collected every 2 days from all of containers. The analytical determination of BPA was performed by using of DR4000 uv-visible at λmax = 276 nm. The results indicated that Azolla has high ability to remove BPA from aqueous solutions. The BPA removal was 60-90%. The removal efficiency is increasing with decreasing of BPA concentration and increasing of biomass amount and vice versa. The removal efficiency was more than 90% when BPA concentration was 5 ppm and amount of biomass was 0.9gr. It is concluded that Azolla able remove BPA by Phytodegradation from the aqueous solutions. Since conventional methods of BPA removal need to high cost and energy, phytoremediation by Azolla as a natural treatment system can decrease those issues and it can be a useful and beneficial method to removal of BPA.