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2. Essays in the economic sociology of inequality

Author

Bonomi Bezzo, Franco

Subjects
339.2, H Social Sciences (General)
Abstract

Chapter 1 investigates the relationship between young people's happiness, self-perception and social interactions within the neighbourhood where they live. Using Understanding Society, we investigate how income neighbourhood deprivation impacts on youth happiness and social interactions. Using only children in social housing allows to limit the problems related to the endogeneity of the neighbourhood selection choice. The empirical findings allow us to refuse the relative deprivation hypothesis which suggests that there is not a significantly negative association between neighbourhood income and children happiness, self-perception and social interactions. In chapter 2, using the Program for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) database, we investigate to what degree the association between parental background and sons’ earnings is mediated by various dimensions of sons’ human capital. We find that the intergenerational transmission process is wholly mediated by sons’ formal education only in the US. By contrast, a significant residual association remains even after we control for all four dimensions of sons’ human capital in Italy, Spain and Poland (for both parental background proxies) as well as France and the UK (just for parental education). In chapter 3 we investigate which are the effects of introducing a Universal Independence Income (UII) on inequality, poverty and the incentives to work. We compare our new benefit with various design of Universal Basic Income (UBI). The empirical analysis shows that in terms of inequality, measured in this work with the Gini coefficient, UII scenarios performs better than the baseline and much better than any UBI scenario, the UII shows a larger redistributive power and participation tax rates are much higher under UII and lower under UBI compared to the baseline, proving the UII to be the best measure to discourage work and to move the society out of the work ethic.

Published
2020

3. Does personality matter? Exploring its moderating role on the relationship between neighbourhood ethnic outgroup-size and preferences for Brexit.

Author

Bonomi Bezzo, Franco, Silva, Laura, Laurence, James, and Schmid, Katharina

Subjects
*PERSONALITY, *ETHNIC groups, *BREXIT Referendum, 2016, *POLITICAL psychology, *IMMIGRATION opponents
Abstract

Prior research has examined the relationship between ethnic outgroup-size at the neighbourhood level and Brexit support, yet there is a lack of understanding on the factors that moderate these effects. This paper critically extends prior debate by focusing on how personality traits moderate not only the extent to which the levels (2011) of ethnic outgroup-size in individuals' residential neighbourhoods but also the increase thereof (2001-2011) are associated with individuals' preferences about the 2016 Brexit referendum. Using data from Understanding Society, we find that two personality traits, agreeableness and openness, are key moderators affecting the above-mentioned relationship. High-agreeable and high-open individuals are less likely than low-agreeable and low-open individuals to support Brexit. However, while the gap between low and highly agreeable individuals shrinks as ethnic outgroup-size increases, the gap widens between those higher vs. lower in openness. Our findings highlight the multifaceted role of personality traits as a driver of heterogeneous effects on political behaviour. In sum, this paper shows that analysing the complex and intertwined nature of both contextual and individual factors is fundamental for a better understanding, not only of the Brexit referendum but, more broadly, of anti-immigrant sentiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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10. Universal independence income: A EUROMOD utopian simulation in the UK

Author

Bonomi Bezzo, Franco

Subjects
I38, post-work, inequality, H23, ddc:330, UBI, H21, D31, United Kingdom, redistribution
Abstract

In this paper we want to provide an utopian attempt to tackle inequality and to tackle, most specifically, what we consider the cultural and ethical origin of inequality: paid work. We believe that a globalised world, structured around the asymmetry between an increasingly small number of employers and an increasing, almost unlimited, supply of always available employees, leads to increasing inequalities. Under our perspective, in the post-industrialised economies of all major developed countries, paid work cannot be seen anymore as an instrument of self-determination (Marx, 1844) but becomes the main generator of exploitation and poverty. For this reason, we try to develop a benefit with attached strong disincentives to paid work that should provide people with an exit strategy and higher bargaining power. After presenting the main typologies of income benefits that are normally in use or discussed we provide a theoretical explanation of the Universal Independence Income (UII) benefit we want to introduce. We simulate the introduction of our preferred version of UII, two variations of UII and five forms of Universal Basic Income (UBI) to be compared with the tax and benefit system currently in place in the UK. Our main findings suggest that UII has a positive effect on inequality an almost null effect on poverty and strong positive effects on work disincentives.

Published
2021

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