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The paper explored migration impacts to establish its poverty alleviation among stakeholders (migrants, origins, and destinations) in modern migration trends. The study would contribute to the ongoing debate about migration issues globally. The study adopted systematic literature review and search strings generated 992 hits. Screening revealed exclusion of 901, and inclusion of 91 articles, selected for literature review and write-up. The paper revealed that migration is one of the 'catalysts' used in the olden and modern days to curb poverty. Olden days, migrants migrated to economic activities areas: mining, fishing and farming communities. Nowadays, migrants leave their 'unfavourable' environments for destinations with favourable economic activities. Migrants add value to themselves by acquiring skills and training, earn income, and remit to their origins. These remittances are used to stimulate the local economy which has multiplier effects on non-migrants and migrant households through job creation. On migrants' return, skills and training acquired are implemented in the community, which equips the non-migrants. The study further revealed that migrants, just as entrepreneurs, possess personal traits, which motivate them to venture into entrepreneurship, wherever they find themselves. Migrants usually establish businesses in the destinations and create value-chain employment in the transport, security, and housing sectors. This stimulates the local economy and alleviates poverty. The paper concluded that migration, irrespective of how it is portrayed, contributes to poverty alleviation in both origins and destinations. Therefore, stakeholders should 'weave' migration through discussion, consultation, and collaboration to benefit all. Discussions should entail the basic type of cooperation, followed by structured dialogue involving the signing of MOUs, active participation, and working together. This process would deepen the triple-win concept since border tightening, deportation, and harassment would not deter migrants from migrating to places of their choice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motivated by our EU funded ERA chair projects, that require proposing reforms to yield the Greek academic system more competitive with a particular emphasis on fostering brain gain and preventing brain drain, we propose policy changes on a wide range of topics, based on our joint academic management experience inside and outside of Greece in conjunction with our diverse backgrounds in the humanities, computer science, and the life sciences. The proposed reforms can contribute to increase the competitiveness of Greece in research and development (R & D). We classify proposals by their associated costs and include a plethora of zero cost proposals that do have the potential to increase efficiency and net research time as well as to improve current working conditions in Greek academia. However, to yield Greece more competitive at the international level, reverse brain drain, and foster brain gain, substantial investments and increases of R&D expenditure are required which depend on political willingness and require a long term strategic development plan for Greece beyond being a tourist destination in the European periphery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to find out whether young and educated people are willing to move for an attractive job and if so, whether the willingness to move will change with increasing distance from their place of residence. The survey found that college students (N = 690) are most willing to move for attractive work within the county (region) in which they currently reside. A smaller proportion is also willing to move within their home country, but in the case of labour migration abroad the declared willingness decreases significantly. The willingness to move decreases with increasing distance from the current place of residence. Statistically significant differences in willingness to move were also found between full-time and part-time students, with a statistically significantly lower willingness in the case of part-time students. In the case of international mobility, students declare that they would prefer temporary mobility to permanent mobility. However, employers need to offer competitive remuneration as well as career development opportunities, and local governments need to pay attention to factors that contribute to satisfaction with living and living arrangements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research background: In the light of growing demand for highly skilled workers, driven by rapid changes in the labour market and business environment, the ability to attract the talented determines not only business performance, but also macroeconomic development prospects. This stimulates national governments to create positive conditions for the development and use of the human capital of migrants. One of the most important factors of brain gain can be country stability as a sign of a comfortable environment for the realisation of intellectual potential. Purpose of the article: The study aims to investigate the links between the factors of country's resilience and brain gain, including its partial indicators. Methods: For a comprehensive assessment, migration indicators were used by categories of talented migrants: highly educated workers, foreign entrepreneurs, university students and start-up founders that we integrated into an integral index of intellectual migration. The data was collected for OECD countries for 2023. The authors used the methods of statistical and correlation-regression analysis, economic-mathematical modelling in the GRETL software environment. Findings & value added: Research has shown that the components of country's resilience (especially Economic resilience and Supply chain) have a positive effect on brain gain. Considering the partial indicators of brain gain, it is found that resilience in the country of destination has the greatest influence on the migration decisions of highly educated workers and foreign entrepreneurs, i.e. migrants with a positive experience of economic activity and entrepreneurial capital, which, in turn, strengthens the resilience and competitiveness of countries. Such conclusions are important for the improvement of brain gain management programs in terms of the development of the environment for the attraction and retention of talents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of HAPSc Policy Briefs Series is the property of Hellenic Association of Political Scientists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Motivated by our EU funded ERA chair projects, that require proposing reforms to yield the Greek academic system more competitive with a particular emphasis on fostering brain gain and preventing brain drain, we propose policy changes on a wide range of topics, based on our joint academic management experience inside and outside of Greece in conjunction with our diverse backgrounds in the humanities, computer science, and the life sciences. The proposed reforms can contribute to increase the competitiveness of Greece in research and development (R & D). We classify proposals by their associated costs and include a plethora of zero cost proposals that do have the potential to increase efficiency and net research time as well as to improve current working conditions in Greek academia. However, to yield Greece more competitive at the international level, reverse brain drain, and foster brain gain, substantial investments and increases of R&D expenditure are required which depend on political willingness and require a long term strategic development plan for Greece beyond being a tourist destination in the European periphery.

Beyin göçü, vasıflı bireylerin gelişmekte olan ülkelerden gelişmiş ülkelere göçü anlamına gelmektedir. Vasıflı bireylerin bir ülkeden diğerine göçü, göç veren ülkede ekonomik büyüme üzerinde olumsuz etkiler doğurmakta; işgücü eksikliğine, vergi gelirlerinin azalmasına, yenilik yapma ve teknolojik gelişmelerde geride kalınmasına, gelir eşitsizliğine ve sosyal gerginliklerine neden olabilmektedir. Bu nedenle ülkeler tarafından bir endişe kaynağı olan beyin göçünün önlenmesi ve tersine beyin göçü ve beyin kazanımının teşviki ülkelerin önemli hedefleri arasındadır. Bu hedefler doğrultusunda kullanılan önemli araçlardan biri de vergi politikalarıdır. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, ülkelerin beyin göçünü önleme ve tersine beyin göçü ile beyin kazanımını teşvik etmede kullandıkları vergi politika araçlarının incelenmesidir. Çalışmada 10 Avrupa ülkesinin beyin göçüne yönelik uygulamış olduğu gelir vergisi teşvikleri incelenmektedir. Sonuç kısmında uygulanan vergi politikalarına yönelik değerlendirmeler yapılmaktadır.

Purpose – This paper examines the drivers of brain gain by investigating the motivations of migrants who plan to return and contribute to their home country. It focuses on highly skilled Sudanese migrants in Japan, including a group of “plan-to-return” migrants (P-group), who intend to gain knowledge abroad that they will use to contribute to their homeland upon their return. Design/methodology/approach – The participants are 24 highly skilled Sudanese migrants in Japan, 10 of whom are part of the P-group. To understand their motivation to contribute to their home country, the study applies the qualitative life course approach, using Elder's four life course themes: lives in time and space, the timing of lives, linked lives and human agency. Findings – The P-group is characterised by a high level of motivation for self-development, which motivates them to study abroad. The analysis finds that the P-group's drive to contribute had been nurtured by a spirit of mutual aid in Sudanese society, which emphasises Islamic values and social ties. Religious norms, personal interactions and emotional ties to Sudan are especially influential on the P-group's motivation to contribute to their home society. Originality/value – This study identifies drivers that lead to brain gain. Whereas previous studies have noted the relationship between return intentions and willingness to contribute to the home countries; they have not investigated influences on motivations to contribute. The results suggest that Sudan might already possess a system for local human resource development to encourage brain gain.

Copyright of Boğaziçi Journal: Review of Social, Economic & Administrative Studies is the property of Bogazici University, Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We select China to examine how education contributes to the drastic economic transition from a socialist system to one of two global superpowers in such a short period of just over 40 years. We document that brain gains, the proportion of highly educated employees, enhance firm value and that graduate degree holders affect firm value more positively than undergraduate degree holders. We also find that the value effect of brain gains persists for at least five years; digital technology further strengthens brain gain's positive effect on firm value. In addition, brain gains' promotion of firm value is more pronounced for non-state-owned and manufacturing firms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four decades ago, in the 1980s, network analysis did not anticipate the growing importance of transnational and diasporic communities "embedded" in more than one country. The integrating theoretical framework of transnational social mobilities is adopted for this article on Chinese talent mobility in the diaspora with a focus on the mobilities between China and countries in the OECD. By examining macro migration data within the OECD, we analyze emerging trends and patterns of the movement of highly skilled Chinese transnational talent. In light of China's rising economic power and the concomitant growth of a Chinese transnational diaspora, we trace the trajectory of China's brain drain, brain gain and brain circulation in OECD countries over the past forty years. Chinese talent mobility in the new economy consists of "transnational circuits" characterized by the circulation of goods, people, knowledge and information. This article theorizes the new modality of "circulation" in terms of transnational social mobilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foreign experience is a mechanism through which personal cognitions can be shaped into idiosyncratic characteristics. Under the unique institutional background of China, the purpose of this paper is to examine whether CEOs’ foreign experience will affect the performance of CSR and whether the influences of CEOs’ foreign experience on CSR vary from the categories of foreign experience or from the governance environments. We find that firms with returnee CEOs show better CSR performance. Moreover, the longer the CEO’s foreign experience, the better is the CSR performance. Our results are robust to endogeneity concerns, inclusion of additional control, and alternative measures of key variables. Further analyses indicate that foreign working and integrated experiences have important impacts on CSR performance; and the positive effect of foreign experience on CSR is more pronounced for firms located in better legal environment and for those audited by reputable auditor. Our findings highlight foreign experience of CEO as an important driver of CSR performance.

This paper studies the impact of international labor migration on human capital investment in both hosting and sending countries using an integrated theoretical framework. We develop a two-country dynamic stochastic general equilibrium human capital investment model with international labor mobility, in which both decisions to migrate and to invest in skill acquisition are endogenous. We show that the human capital formation process in the countries of origin is very sensitive to migration policies implemented by hosting countries. Our findings show that human capital accumulation in the sending country is encouraged by the possibility of emigration to higher labor productivity countries, supporting the recent view of the 'brain gain' hypothesis. Productivity shocks hitting the hosting country reduce the human capital investment by natives but increase the human capital investment in the sending country when migration is allowed. Finally, we find that migration increases world human capital, increasing the stock of human capital in both hosting and sending countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Utilizing the expertise and knowledge resources of the diaspora, particularly the scientific diaspora, has been part of the strategies of many countries. In the recent years, realizing the importance of the potential of the diaspora to contribute to national development and Science, Technology, and Innovation ecosystem, countries have used Science Diplomacy also to engage with the scientific diaspora. Science Diplomacy is hailed as an enabler and facilitator and is often seen in the context of international S&T collaboration or big science projects. But the use of Science Diplomacy for diaspora engagement calls for specific strategies and meaningful initiatives. India is one of the major developing countries that has given a major thrust to engaging with the scientific diaspora. India is also a leading player in the global Science Diplomacy arena. This article critically examines India's initiatives and strategies for engagement with the scientific diaspora. It points out that the Science Diplomacy dimension is missing in this. Using examples from other countries, recent thinking, and developments in Science Diplomacy, this study outlines an approach with some examples of strategies and initiatives for harnessing Science Diplomacy to enhance engagement with the scientific diaspora and create a win-win milieu for India and the diaspora. The approach takes into account the proposed and ongoing initiatives in emerging technologies in India, including quantum technologies and Artificial Intelligence. Such a framework will create a synergy among various programs and initiatives by using Science Diplomacy as a facilitator and catalyst. Under this framework, Diaspora is involved not only as experts and contributors to scientific advancements but also as stakeholders. This dual role of the STI Diaspora can bring a paradigm shift in traditional understanding and use of science diplomacy, particularly to engage and harness the potential of the STI Diaspora for Sustainable Development.

We consider how the possibility of international migration affects an individual’s educational choices in their home country. Educational choice dictates skill, and the paper refers to the highly educated, highly skilled as “professionals”; others are “non-professionals.” Without the opportunity to emigrate abroad people choose their educational investment (and hence their skill level) as we might expect. To this normal choice the higher status given professionals is also accounted for. Consider now how the opportunity for international migration to a higher paying job affects both professionals and non-professionals. Despite the higher status a professional enjoys, once an individual takes the possibility of migration to a different country into consideration, he may well decide to choose education leading to non-professional employment. A result of this paper is that if there are low chances of obtaining professional jobs in the host country, individuals may well choose an educational track leading to a low occupational profession in order to increase their chances of obtaining a job in the host country after migration. Thus, all home country students may choose the non-professional education track. Those who might have otherwise pursued higher, professional education may forgo that schooling. The theory developed here explains the forsaken schooling phenomenon. This phenomenon shows that low-skilled and skilled home country workers are willing to accept low-skilled positions in host countries. This leads to the forgoing of professional schooling in the home country since it is not optimal for the worker in the home country to choose a high skilled education since, they will be overqualified in the host country. This will have a long run affect. As time goes on, therefore, people who consider migrating abroad will have either lower years of schooling, or generally have not completed professional schools (technical-vocational or tertiary).

Objective/Context: The main objective of this work is analyzing how national identity and the brain drain-brain gain transition could generate a greater sense of belonging and responsibility for the country’s development within Colombian migrants in the United States. Methodology: Drawing on migration systems theory and through a statistical, historical, and casuistic review, this work aims at dissecting the various elements that have allowed the Colombian State to enhance the possible dominant factors of migratory return. Conclusions: The analysis of the Colombian migration system in the United States has not only represented the consolidation of a long data migration process, but it has also shown a diversified process in its institutions, flows, and strategies that have meant a success in its adaptation. Originality: It is expected that the reader has a reliable account of the migratory reality of Colombians in the United States and to provide a comprehensive and updated vision of the migratory panorama of Colombians in the country.

Economies with an unstable political environment have difficulties retaining talents within the country. Romania, for example, has been experiencing an acceleration of the migration phenomenon for the past 30 years. While the Romanian economy is rapidly growing, according to all stats, talent migration is still an actual phenomenon. One of the reasons for the brain exodus, especially in the highly qualified labour segment, is the faulty management of public services: education, healthcare, and infrastructure is lagging behind Western Europe. The article aims to highlight best practices from the private sector that can be implemented by the government and to develop a brain gain model to attract talent back into the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The processes of brain drain and brain gain are in public debate today, just as they were more than 2,000 years ago or when the first European universities were established. The debate is far from over and the issue is debated both at the academic and political level.There are several interconnected levels at which the issue needs to be addressed and solutions found: local, regional, national, and supranational (EU). Coordination of different funding sources should be improved at the EU level in the governance of post-2020 cohesion policy and programs.The local and regional authorities can best analyze the specific needs of communities and find answers to them and thus play an important role in reducing the potential negative effects of brain drain processes and can support brain gain, brain regain and brain circulation processes. There are many examples of public policies and practices implemented by local and regional authorities - from supporting the relocation of talented individuals to those regions/cities to more sophisticated measures involving the development of transnational networks of entrepreneurs. The EU needs to support programs or initiatives that aim to enhance learning between different European local and regional authorities and the efforts of local and regional public bodies in addressing brain drain.

This paper studies the “brain drain” phenomenon through the prism of its intensity in the Republic of North Macedonia, and examines its positive and negative impacts, and its effect on the development of human resource management in the country, which is one of the key departments of any organization. This research, which covered 1400 respondents from a target group of young people, aged between 15 and 29, begins by providing answers to questions about the extent to which this phenomenon is present in Macedonia, the characteristics of the people who tend to leave the country, the pull factors that attract them to go abroad and the push factors that stimulate them to leave their own country, and the impact of human resource departments on the retention of staff and on recruiting staff back to the country, analyzed on the basis of an additional survey conducted among 10 human resource managers in large Macedonian companies. The Republic of North Macedonia is threatened by serious losses from brain drain that could decrease the human capital of the country and its economic growth. Furthermore, companies’ HR department policies about retaining, recruiting, and repatriation of staff and attracting new employees in the economy are underdeveloped and hugely influenced by heavy economic and political factors within the country.

The number of students flowing from low-income countries to high-income countries has grown over the past several decades but is likely to fall substantially in the coming years due to the coronavirus pandemic. To gauge the potential impact of the coronavirus-induced reduction in the international flow of student migrants, we estimate the pre-pandemic effects of student migration from 122 low- and middle-income countries to French- and English-speaking high-income countries on the economic growth of the sending countries. Using region fixed-effects and instrumental-variables estimators to address the potential endogeneity of student-migrant flows, we find positive and statistically significant effects of student migration on per capita GDP in sending countries. These findings are robust to different time lags, and are increasing over time. Our results indicate that student migrants have a modest but meaningful impact on the short-run economic growth of their home countries. In terms of the mechanisms through which student-migrant flows can affect growth of the home countries, we find evidence of 'incentive effects' for students going to English-speaking countries, and evidence of student-migrant flows affecting interest in politics and democratic political systems in the sending countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This contribution aims to highlight the relevance of the concept of brain gain for intra-EU migration. For this purpose, I contrast brain gain and brain circulation as the two poles of a scale, aiming to explain disparities in the migration strategies of highly skilled intra-EU migrants that are related to their countries of origin. I apply this conceptualisation in the analysis of an original representative survey of non-German EU physicians working in Germany – one of the favourite EU destination countries of physicians. Intra-EU migrants working in the medical profession constitute a relevant case study, as this profession is the most mobile highly skilled profession within the EU and is characterised by an acute EU labour shortage. The analysis of the original migration motives and intended length of stay in Germany of the EU physicians surveyed confirms the relevance of the brain gain and brain circulation framework for understanding disparities related to the countries of origin in the migration patterns of highly skilled intra-EU migrants. Indeed, differences related to the EU physicians' regions of origin in respect of the importance of economic migration reasons and the intention to immigrate on a permanent basis correlate with the magnitude of the economic differentials between Germany and the regions of origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Providing scholarships has become an integral part of the global higher education and so has research on its impacts. This article examines the tertiary scholarship scheme of the Czech government for providing scholarships to students from the global South as a part of its development cooperation programme with a double goal. Firstly, it examines the programme’s development effectiveness from the perspective of migration studies, and secondly, it investigates the underlying motivation factors which influence the students’ decisions on where they will stay after their studies. A survey among students and graduates of the scheme was triangulated with quantitative data obtained from official sources. The results show a mean values of 45 percent for brain gain, meaning that almost half of the graduates do return back home after their studies, yet this situation is aggravated by a significant share of brain waste. The major factors that influence students’ migration decisions were established to be economic factors, the utility of the studies and the ease or difficulty with which they can find jobs in their home countries.

The brain drain is a symptom of a more serious disease that plagues the Moroccan policy of training and scientific research. The “brain drain” phenomenon is not novel and dates back to 1950. At that time, the term meant the massive departures of British scientists and engineers to the United States. Then, it referred to the South-North scientists’ migration and since recently scientists’ emigration from the East. Now this term is used in a broader sense to refer to the flight of human capital (that is to say, highly educated individuals with a university degree or equivalent) from the developing countries to the industrialized countries. Over the past two decades, the magnitude of the brain drain has reached staggering proportions. It is however clear that the extent of the brain drain has increased dramatically since the seventies. This is due in part to the introduction of selective immigration policies favoring skilled workers in most countries. Yet, the skilled labor migration contributes essentially to the increasing globalization of the economy, a globalization that reinforces the natural tendency of human capital to agglomerate where it is already abundant. In this article, we aim to explore some positive aspects of the “Brain Drain”. In fact, we will show that, in principle, a brain drain gain can at least rhyme with positive feedback for the country of origin. We will show through empirical analysis that the migration of skilled labor from a country can play a potential role in the pace of development of the latter and can be a source of positive externalities, and that through two channels. The first is related to the acquisition of additional skills and the increase in the ex-ante level of education. The second is related to the “brain gain” thanks to a compensation in terms of migrants’ return and the technology transfer that ensues. This article will aim to answer three major questions: - What are the determinants of skilled labor departure in Morocco? - Is there a link between the perspective of emigrating to a more developed country and the accumulation of human capital in Morocco? - Why these skilled migrants return and what is their role in the development of the country of origin? This article will present the determinants of departure and causes of return of the skilled migration in Morocco, analyze the issues raised by this migration and define the channels that mitigate its negative impact.

Building an enabling scientific community of educated or professional people is a growing focus for many American cities. The retention of home-grown graduates increases the intellectual capacity in a region. Arising from technology-driven accelerated growth, the geographical mobility of young skilled workers has become a key issue in recent studies, attracting the attention of both academics and policymakers. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the factors that influence the retention or draining of graduates from a mid-sized higher education instruction's Child and Youth Studies (CYS), an innovative transformational educational program. The program is focused on developing a socially entrepreneurial mindset on the part of the learner. The study is also aimed at identifying how urban areas in southwest Florida would work toward retaining a large pool of young innovative graduates and enjoy the benefits of smart growth. The data for the study was collected by sending out a survey to 115 current students or those who are about to graduate. The selected 50 (43.5%) participated in the study by completing the survey. The data was analyzed using several descriptive statistics. Several retention factors were identified. They included socio-economic and recreational factors. The research found that the majority of the graduates left not just because it was not easy to find competitive-paying jobs in the region but rather because of lack of awareness of the availability. Other significant factors included inadequate housing, lack of support for their entrepreneurial incubators, and poor public transport. It was also evident that a large number of potential local employers were not aware of the benefits of hiring the CYS graduates. Greater involvement of college students and recent graduates in the community projects would increase retention. It is proposed that each of the SW Florida cities should develop policies that will make them more attractive to the graduates. They should also identify ways of increasing awareness of opportunities available for the graduates in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate gains in human capital accumulation from reduction in remittance prices, this study constructs a general equilibrium model in which the choices to invest in human capital and to migrate are endogenous. The model is calibrated for a group of eight African economies which offer student loans, and the effect on human capital accumulation of decreasing the remittance price to the level recommended by the United Nations (3%) is numerically derived. It is found that reduction in remittance prices alters the decisions of households, leading in the aggregate to a decrease in interest rates, a curbing of the desire to migrate, and an increase human capital. Hence, the study offers the policy prescription that governments, both in nations where remittances originate and in those to which funds are sent, must continue to lower remittance prices, by, for example, improving access to mobile banking, especially since such policies are relatively immune to economic shocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evidence is presented in support of the "brain gain" view that the likelihood of migrating to a destination wherein the returns to human capital (schooling) are high creates incentives to acquire human capital in migrant-sending areas. In Mexico, even though internal migrants are more educated than those who stay behind, the average level of schooling in the migrant-sending villages increases with internal migration. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that the dynamic investment effects reverse the static, depletion effects of migration on schooling. Households' access to high-skill internal migration networks significantly increases the likelihood that children will attend school beyond the compulsory level. Access to low-skill internal networks has the opposite effect. By contrast with internal migration, migration from rural Mexico to the U.S. does not select positively on schooling, nor does it significantly influence human capital formation, even though remittances from Mexican migrants in the U.S. far outweigh remittances from internal migrants.

Migration of the highly qualified workforce is a subject that has aroused interest in researching the migration phenomenon of recent years. The migration of highly skilled persons is viewed from a double perspective by the researchers: the gain for the host countries (brain gain) and the losses for the countries of departure (brain drain). The article will start from a definition of the "brain drain" phenomenon and will analyze the losses and gains resulting from this migration trend, presenting statistically the evolution of highly qualified migration on the states of the European Union. The last part of the presentation is based on the migration analysis of law graduates and will present the results of an opinion survey based on a questionnaire, conducted in the summer of 2018 in Romania, applied among students and graduates of law specialization, aiming to highlight their views on the perspectives offered by migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Collected Papers of the Faculty of Law in Split / Zbornik Radova Pravnog Fakulteta u Splitu is the property of Split Faculty of Law and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Review of Regional Research is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• The study determines that 77% of foreign African graduates return home ; only 7% leave the continent. • South African higher education is not a direct contributor to African brain drain of scarce PhD holders. • The study breaks new ground using social media and doctoral repositories to track and trace the graduate students. This article reports on a novel approach to tracing the career paths of recent doctoral graduates from South African universities. Little was previously known regarding the mobility of students from sub-Saharan Africa who obtain their doctoral degrees in South Africa's universities, despite this group comprising over a third of South Africa's total doctoral graduates. Given South Africa's high-level skills shortage, and the fact such students are subsidized by the South African taxpayer, their career trajectory on completion is of interest to policy. A tracer study styled as MOTHS – Mobility of the Highly Skilled - used unconventional techniques to track the career paths of graduates over 2012 to 2013. Results of the first phase of the project indicate 'brain circulation' whereby the majority of graduates return to their country of origin. Implications for higher education and immigration policy are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]