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6 results on '"Brault, A.C"'

4. Susceptibility of carrion crows to experimental infection with lineage 1 and 2 West Nile viruses

Author

Lim, S.M. (Stephanie), Brault, A.C. (Aaron), Amerongen, G. (Geert) van, Bosco-Lauth, A.M. (Angela M.), Romo, H. (Hannah), Sewbalaksing, V.D. (Varsha), Bowen, R.A. (Richard A.), Osterhaus, A.D.M.E. (Albert), Koraka, P. (Penelope), Martina, B.E.E. (Byron), Lim, S.M. (Stephanie), Brault, A.C. (Aaron), Amerongen, G. (Geert) van, Bosco-Lauth, A.M. (Angela M.), Romo, H. (Hannah), Sewbalaksing, V.D. (Varsha), Bowen, R.A. (Richard A.), Osterhaus, A.D.M.E. (Albert), Koraka, P. (Penelope), and Martina, B.E.E. (Byron)

Abstract

West Nile virus (WNV) outbreaks in North America have been characterized by substantial die-offs of American crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos). In contrast, a low incidence of bird deaths has been observed during WNV epidemic activity in Europe. To examine the susceptibility of the western European counterpart of American crows, we inoculated carrion crows (Corvus corone) with WNV strains isolated in Greece (Gr-10), Italy (FIN and Ita09), and Hungary (578/10) and with the highly virulent North American genotype strain (NY99). We also inoculated American crows with a selection of these strains to examine the strains’ virulence in a highly susceptible bird species. Infection with all strains, except WNV FIN, resulted in high rates of death and high-level viremia in both bird species and virus dissemination to several organs. These results suggest that carrion crows are highly susceptible to WNV and may potentially be useful as part of dead bird surveillance for early warning of WNV activity in Europe.

Published
2015
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5. Susceptibility of European jackdaws (Corvus monedula) to experimental infection with lineage 1 and 2 West Nile viruses

Author

Lim, S.M. (Stephanie), Brault, A.C. (Aaron), Amerongen, G. (Geert) van, Sewbalaksing, V.D. (Varsha), Osterhaus, A.D.M.E. (Albert), Martina, B.E.E. (Byron), Koraka, P. (Penelope), Lim, S.M. (Stephanie), Brault, A.C. (Aaron), Amerongen, G. (Geert) van, Sewbalaksing, V.D. (Varsha), Osterhaus, A.D.M.E. (Albert), Martina, B.E.E. (Byron), and Koraka, P. (Penelope)

Abstract

Mass bird mortality has been observed in North America after the introduction of West Nile virus (WNV), most notably massive die-offs of American crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos). In contrast, WNV epidemic activity in Europe has been characterized by very low incidences of bird mortality. As the general susceptibility of European corvids to strains of WNV remains in question, European jackdaws (Corvus monedula) were inoculated with WNV strains circulating currently in Greece (Greece-10), Italy (FIN and Ita09) and Hungary (578/10), as well as a North American (NY99) genotype with a demonstrated corvid virulence phenotype. Infection with all strains except WNV-FIN resulted in mortality. Viraemia was observed for birds inoculated with all strains and virus was detected in a series of organs upon necropsy. These results suggested that jackdaws could potentially function as a sentinel for following WNV transmission in Europe; however, elicited viraemia levels might be too low to allow for efficient transmission of virus to mosquitoes.

Published
2014
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6. Evolutionary relationship between Old World West Nile virus strains Evidence for viral gene flow between africa, the middle east, and europe

Author

Charrel, R.N, Brault, A.C, Gallian, P, Lemasson, J.-J, Murgue, B, Murri, S, Pastorino, B, Zeller, H, de Chesse, R, de Micco, P, and de Lamballerie, X

Subjects
viruses, virus diseases
Abstract

Little is known about the genetic relationships between European and other Old-World strains of West Nile virus (WNV) and persistence of WNV North of Mediterranean. We characterized the complete genomes of three WNV strains from France (horse-2000), Tunisia (human-1997) and Kenya (mosquito-1998), and the envelope, NS3 and NS5 genes of the Koutango virus. Phylogenetic analyses including all available full-length sequences showed that: (1) Koutango virus is a distant variant of WNV; (2) the three characterized strains belong to lineage 1, clade 1a; (3) the Tunisian strain roots the lineage of viruses introduced in North America. We established that currently available partial envelope sequences do not generate reliable phylogenies. Accordingly, establishing a large WNV sequence database is pivotal for the understanding of spatial and temporal epidemiology of this virus. For rapid completion of that purpose, colinearized E-NS3-NS5 gene sequences were shown to constitute a valuable surrogate for complete sequences.

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