201 results on '"Brnić, Dragan"'
Search Results
2. Inter-laboratory comparison of eleven quantitative or digital PCR assays for detection of proviral bovine leukemia virus in blood samples
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Pluta, Aneta, Jaworski, Juan Pablo, Droscha, Casey, VanderWeele, Sophie, Taxis, Tasia M., Valas, Stephen, Brnić, Dragan, Jungić, Andreja, Ruano, María José, Sánchez, Azucena, Murakami, Kenji, Nakamura, Kurumi, Puentes, Rodrigo, De Brun, MLaureana, Ruiz, Vanesa, Gómez, Marla Eliana Ladera, Lendez, Pamela, Dolcini, Guillermina, Camargos, Marcelo Fernandes, Fonseca, Antônio, Barua, Subarna, Wang, Chengming, Giza, Aleksandra, and Kuźmak, Jacek
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- 2024
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3. Influence of In Vitro Cultivation on Differentiation Gene Expressions in Canine Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
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Prišlin, Marina, Vlahović, Dunja, Ljolje, Ivana, Kostešić, Petar, Turk, Nenad, Naletilić, Šimun, Brnić, Dragan, Krešić, Nina, Magjarević, Ratko, Series Editor, Ładyżyński, Piotr, Associate Editor, Ibrahim, Fatimah, Associate Editor, Lackovic, Igor, Associate Editor, Rock, Emilio Sacristan, Associate Editor, Bonačić Bartolin, Petra, editor, Allen, Matthew, editor, and Sutcliffe, Michael, editor
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- 2024
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4. Influence of In Vitro Cultivation on Differentiation Gene Expressions in Canine Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
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Prišlin, Marina, primary, Vlahović, Dunja, additional, Ljolje, Ivana, additional, Kostešić, Petar, additional, Turk, Nenad, additional, Naletilić, Šimun, additional, Brnić, Dragan, additional, and Krešić, Nina, additional
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- 2023
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5. The impact and complete genome characterisation of viruses involved in outbreaks of gastroenteritis in a farrow-to-finish holding
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Brnić, Dragan, Vlahović, Dunja, Gudan Kurilj, Andrea, Maltar-Strmečki, Nadica, Lojkić, Ivana, Kunić, Valentina, Jemeršić, Lorena, Bačani, Ivica, Kompes, Gordan, Beck, Relja, Mikuletič, Tina, and Steyer, Andrej
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- 2023
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6. Regional distribution and diversity of Aspergillus and Penicillium species on Croatian traditional meat products
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Zadravec, Manuela, Lešić, Tina, Brnić, Dragan, Pleadin, Jelka, Kraak, Bart, Jakopović, Željko, Perković, Irena, Vahčić, Nada, Tkalec, Vesna Jaki, and Houbraken, Jos
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- 2023
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7. SARS-CoV-2 circulation in Croatian wastewaters and the absence of SARS-CoV-2 in bivalve molluscan shellfish
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Brnić, Dragan, Lojkić, Ivana, Škoko, Ines, Krešić, Nina, Šimić, Ivana, Keros, Tomislav, Ganjto, Marin, Štefanac, Dario, Viduka, Branka, Karšaj, Dario, Štiler, Darko, Habrun, Boris, and Jemeršić, Lorena
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- 2022
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8. Comparative Insights into Acute Gastroenteritis in Cattle Caused by Bovine Rotavirus A and Bovine Coronavirus.
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Kostanić, Vjekoslava, Kunić, Valentina, Prišlin Šimac, Marina, Lolić, Marica, Sukalić, Tomislav, and Brnić, Dragan
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VIRUS diseases ,HEALTH of cattle ,ENTEROVIRUSES ,SYMPTOMS ,RNA viruses ,ROTAVIRUSES - Abstract
Simple Summary: Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in cattle is a major economic concern, causing illness and reduced productivity. Bovine Rotavirus A (BoRVA) and bovine coronavirus (BCoV) are two key viruses responsible, leading to diarrhea and other health issues in cattle. While BoRVA mainly affects young calves, BCoV can impact cattle of all ages, causing digestive and respiratory clinical signs. This concise review examines the structure, spread, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of BoRVA and BCoV, highlighting their potential to spread across species and the importance of effective management practices to control their impact. Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in cattle significantly impacts the economy due to relatively high morbidity and mortality and decreased production. Its multifactorial nature drives its global persistence, involving enteric viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and environmental factors. Bovine Rotavirus A (BoRVA) and bovine coronavirus (BCoV) are among the most important enteric RNA viruses causing AGE in cattle. These viruses infect intestinal enterocytes, leading to cell damage and consequently to malabsorption and diarrhea. BoRVA primarily affects calves under 14 days old with gastrointestinal clinical signs, while BCoV affects all ages, causing gastrointestinal and respiratory distress. The economic impact of BoRVA and BCoV, along with their interspecies transmission potential, warrants attention. This concise review discusses the molecular structure, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment, and preventive measures of BoRVA and BCoV while providing a comparative analysis. By offering practical guidance on managing such viral infections in cattle, these comparative insights may prove valuable for veterinarians in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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9. A study of surface moulds and mycotoxins in Croatian traditional dry-cured meat products
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Zadravec, Manuela, Vahčić, Nada, Brnić, Dragan, Markov, Ksenija, Frece, Jadranka, Beck, Relja, Lešić, Tina, and Pleadin, Jelka
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- 2020
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10. In vitro aging alters the gene expression and secretome composition of canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells
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Prišlin, Marina, primary, Butorac, Ana, additional, Bertoša, Rea, additional, Kunić, Valentina, additional, Ljolje, Ivana, additional, Kostešić, Petar, additional, Vlahović, Dunja, additional, Naletilić, Šimun, additional, Turk, Nenad, additional, and Brnić, Dragan, additional
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- 2024
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11. Zdravstvene posljedice ptičjih rotavirusa za perad i uzgojne golubove
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Kunić, Valentina, primary, Gottstein, Željko, additional, Prišlin, Marina, additional, Savić, Vladimir, additional, and Brnić, Dragan, additional
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- 2024
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12. Genetic analysis of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in Croatia
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Krešić, Nina, Bedeković, Tomislav, Brnić, Dragan, Šimić, Ivana, Lojkić, Ivana, and Turk, Nenad
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- 2018
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13. Patologija pseće herpesviroze
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Prišlin, Marina, Naletilić, Šimun, Kunić, Valentina, Lojkić, Ivana, Jemeršić, Lorena, Brnić, Dragan, Hohšteter, Marko, Krešić, Nina, and Turk, Nenad
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pseća herpesviroza ,pseći herpesvirus-1 ,patologija ,virusna infekcija ,pas ,canine herpesvirus ,canid alphaherpesvirus- 1 ,pathology ,viral infection ,dog - Abstract
Pseća je herpesviroza globalno prisutna virusna zarazna bolest prouzročena psećim herpesvirusom 1 (Canid alphaherpesvirus-1; CHV). Infekcija ovim virusom ima dvije faze: litičku i latentnu. Sam ishod infekcije uvelike ovisi o dobi i razvijenosti imunološkog sustava psa. Najznačajnija patološka posljedica pseće herpesviroze je liza endotelnih stanica i epitelnih stanica više organskih sustava koja se pojavljuje u imunodeficijentnih štenaca. Zbog pantropizma CHV-a, posljedica infekcije je nekrohemoragična upala mnogobrojnih organa zbog koje štenci nerijetko i ugibaju. U imunokompetentnih starijih pasa, iako često asimptomatska, litička infekcija može biti i smrtonosna. Klinički simptomi uključuju infekcije dišnog i spolnog sustava i očiju. Najčešće prisutna lezija očiju je konjunktivitis, ali mogu se pojaviti i ulceracije, petehijalna krvarenja i eksudativni blefaritis s krustama i alopecijom. Utjecaj CHV-a na respiratorni sustav rezultira blagim rinitisom, faringitisom i traheobronhitisom, iznimno pneumonijom. CHV se često povezuje i sa zaraznim traheobronhitisom u pasa, tzv. ‘’kašaljem štenare’’. Infekcija spolnog sustava ograničena je na hiperemiju vagine ili prepucija s hiperplastičnim limfoidnim folikulima te papulovezikularnim lezijama, ali se smatra najvažnijim izvorom infekcije za štenad pri porođaju. Prestankom kliničkih simptoma CHV prelazi u fazu latencije u živčanim ganglijima te se na taj način trajno zadržava u domaćinu. Prilikom stresa i imunosupresije latentni se CHV virus može reaktivirati i uspostaviti litičku fazu. Time se virus ponovno počinje replicirati i izlučivati, a oboljeli pas se mora isključiti iz uzgoja jer predstavlja izvor daljnjeg širenja virusa. Ipak, primjenom cjepiva u gravidnih kuja moguće je zaštititi novorođenu štenad te spriječiti teške posljedice herpesviroze u pasa., Canine alphaherpesvirus-1 (CHV) is a globally present virus causing infectious disease in dogs. The outcome of CHV infection depends significantly on the age and immune system development of the dog and occurs in two phases: lytic and latent. Due to the pantropism of CHV, lysis occurs in the endothelium and epithelium of various organ systems, causing necrohaemorrhagic inflammation and frequently death in immunodeficient puppies. Lytic infection produces reduced or silent symptoms in older, immunocompetent dogs, although it can occasionally be fatal. Clinical signs of infection appear in the ocular, reproductive, and respiratory systems. The most typical eye lesion is conjunctivitis, though other conditions such as ulcers, petechial haemorrhages, exudative blepharitis with crusts, and alopecia can also occur. When CHV affects the respiratory system, it can cause mild rhinitis, pharyngitis, and tracheobronchitis, as well as severe pneumonia. The virus is also frequently linked to infectious tracheobronchitis in dogs, or “kennel cough.” Although infection of the reproductive system is restricted to hyperaemia of the vagina or prepuce with hyperplastic lymphoid follicles and papulovesicular lesions, it is thought to be the most significant source of infection for puppies after birth. After the onset of clinical symptoms, CHV enters the latency phase in the nerve ganglia, where it remains in the host indefinitely. During times of stress and immunosuppression in dogs, the latent CHV virus can occasionally reactivate and establisha lytic phase, at which point it resumes replication and shedding. These CHV latency effects are a significant problem since the affected dog is permanently infected, cannot be bred, and is always a source of possible virus outbreak. Although death ensuing from CHV infection is the worst conceivable consequence, immunisation of pregnant females can protect newborn puppies and breeders from this outcome.
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- 2024
14. Interspecies transmission of porcine-originated G4P[6] rotavirus A between pigs and humans: a synchronized spatiotemporal approach
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Kunić, Valentina, primary, Mikuletič, Tina, additional, Kogoj, Rok, additional, Koritnik, Tom, additional, Steyer, Andrej, additional, Šoprek, Silvija, additional, Tešović, Goran, additional, Konjik, Vlatka, additional, Roksandić Križan, Ivana, additional, Prišlin, Marina, additional, Jemeršić, Lorena, additional, and Brnić, Dragan, additional
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- 2023
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15. The emergence of porcine epidemic diarrhoea in Croatia: molecular characterization and serology
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Brnić, Dragan, Šimić, Ivana, Lojkić, Ivana, Krešić, Nina, Jungić, Andreja, Balić, Davor, Lolić, Marica, Knežević, Dražen, and Hengl, Brigita
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- 2019
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16. Genetic diversity of hepatitis E virus (HEV) strains derived from humans, swine and wild boars in Croatia from 2010 to 2017
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Jemeršić, Lorena, Prpić, Jelena, Brnić, Dragan, Keros, Tomislav, Pandak, Nenad, and Đaković Rode, Oktavija
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- 2019
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17. Circulation of SARS-CoV–Related Coronaviruses and Alphacoronaviruses in Bats from Croatia
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Brnić, Dragan, primary, Lojkić, Ivana, additional, Krešić, Nina, additional, Zrnčić, Vida, additional, Ružanović, Lea, additional, Mikuletič, Tina, additional, Bosilj, Martin, additional, Steyer, Andrej, additional, Keros, Tomislav, additional, Habrun, Boris, additional, and Jemeršić, Lorena, additional
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- 2023
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18. Viral contaminants of bivalve molluscan shellfish harvested from production areas in Croatia: the results of a three-year study
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Brnić, Dragan, Škoko, Ines, Kunić, Valentina, Prpić, Jelena, and Jemeršić, Lorena
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bivalve molluscan shellfish, Croatia, norovirus, rotavirus A, SARS-CoV-2, HEV - Abstract
Bivalve molluscan shellfish (BMS) are prone to microbial contamination due to their filter- feeding nature. Whilst bacterial contamination is being monitored by E. coli count, viral contamination is overlooked. Nevertheless, the outbreaks in the community are occurring and their frequency is probably underestimated. Our study aimed to identify the extent of BMS contamination by norovirus (NoV), rotavirus A (RVA), hepatitis E virus (HEV) and SARS-CoV-2 in Croatia. During three years (2018-2021) 275 digestive tissue samples (2 g pools of hepatopancreas) were collected from three species of BMS (Mediterranean mussels, N= 203 ; European flat oysters, N= 61 ; and warty venus clams, N= 11) harvested from commercial production areas (N= 22) on the Croatian side of the Adriatic Sea. The virus concentration procedure and RNA extraction were conducted according to the standard ISO 15216-1 2017, using Mengovirus as a whole process control. The NoV (GI and GII), RVA, HEV, SARS-CoV-2 (on 77 samples collected in 2020/2021) and Mengovirus were detected by RT-qPCR. The results reveal the anthropogenic influence with NoV detected in 30.8% (GI 10.9% and GII 26.3%) and RVA in 23.3% of BMS samples. Mussels were the most affected by viral contamination (NoV 37.2% and RVA 30.6%), followed by oysters (NoV 15.3% and RVA 1.7%) and clams (NoV negative and RVA 9.1%). Nevertheless, no evidence of HEV and SARS-CoV-2 circulation in BMS was observed. The genomic quantities of RVA and NoV were mostly up to 300 gc/g of digestive tissue. Seasonal variations were observed, especially regarding NoV with the highest contamination rate (60% NoV positive BMS samples) observed in the winter 2018/2019 which corresponded to the outbreak reported in humans at that time. The outbreak of NoV GII was connected to the consumption of contaminated BMS from two production sites in Southern Croatia. Our study emphasizes the importance of regular monitoring of BMS for potential viral contamination, especially concerning NoV and RVA. On the contrary, low public health risk was observed regarding SARS-CoV-2 and HEV.
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- 2023
19. Detection and genetic characterization of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) derived from ticks removed from red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and isolated from spleen samples of red deer (Cervus elaphus) in Croatia
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Jemeršić, Lorena, Dežđek, Danko, Brnić, Dragan, Prpić, Jelena, Janicki, Zdravko, Keros, Tomislav, Roić, Besi, Slavica, Alen, Terzić, Svjetlana, Konjević, Dean, and Beck, Relja
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- 2014
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20. Rotavirus A in Domestic Pigs and Wild Boars: High Genetic Diversity and Interspecies Transmission
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Brnić, Dragan, primary, Čolić, Daniel, additional, Kunić, Valentina, additional, Maltar-Strmečki, Nadica, additional, Krešić, Nina, additional, Konjević, Dean, additional, Bujanić, Miljenko, additional, Bačani, Ivica, additional, Hižman, Dražen, additional, and Jemeršić, Lorena, additional
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- 2022
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21. Porcine astrovirus viremia and high genetic variability in pigs on large holdings in Croatia
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Brnić, Dragan, Prpić, Jelena, Keros, Tomislav, Roić, Besi, Starešina, Vilim, and Jemeršić, Lorena
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- 2013
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22. Distribution and Molecular Characterization of Hepatitis E virus in Domestic Animals and Wildlife in Croatia
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Prpić, Jelena, Černi, Silvija, Škorić, Dijana, Keros, Tomislav, Brnić, Dragan, Cvetnić, Željko, and Jemeršić, Lorena
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- 2015
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23. Praćenje transmisivnih spongiformnih encefalopatija u Republici Hrvatskoj
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Branović Čakanić, Karmen, primary, Šeparović, Sanja, additional, Acinger Rogić, Žaklin, additional, Kiš, Tomislav, additional, Miškić, Tihana, additional, Vretenar Špigelski, Katja, additional, Brnić, Dragan, additional, Jungić, Andreja, additional, Bagarić, Antonela, additional, Bilandžić, Nina, additional, Vlahović, Dunja, additional, Naletilić, Šimun, additional, Mihaljević, Željko, additional, and Šoštarić, Branko, additional
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- 2022
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24. An Outstanding Role of Adipose Tissue in Canine Stem Cell Therapy
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Prišlin, Marina, primary, Vlahović, Dunja, additional, Kostešić, Petar, additional, Ljolje, Ivana, additional, Brnić, Dragan, additional, Turk, Nenad, additional, Lojkić, Ivana, additional, Kunić, Valentina, additional, Karadjole, Tugomir, additional, and Krešić, Nina, additional
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- 2022
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25. Transmission Pathways of the VNN Introduced in Croatian Marine Aquaculture
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Zrnčić, Snježana, primary, Brnić, Dragan, additional, Panzarin, Valentina, additional, Abbadi, Miriam, additional, Lojkić, Ivana, additional, Zupičić, Ivana Giovanna, additional, and Oraić, Dražen, additional
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- 2022
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26. Whole Genome Characterization of the unusual Rotavirus A strains with zoonotic background detected in hospitalized children in Croatia
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Kunić, Valentina, Mikuletič, Tina, Steyer, Andrej, Kogoj, Rok, Šoprek, Silvija, Tešović, Goran, Konjik, Vlatka, Jukić Guć, Jelena, Krželj, Vjekoslav, Krešić, Nina, and Brnić, Dragan
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Rotavirus A, hospitalized children, diarrhea, whole genome sequencing, zoonotic transmission - Abstract
Rotavirus A (RVA) belongs among the leading causes of gastroenteritis in young children and animals, varying in severity from mild to deadly. Rotavirus genome consists of 11-segmented, double-stranded RNA. We aimed to determine the complete genome constellations of the unusual RVA genotypes discovered in Croatian children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis collected during seasons 2018 to 2020. Following multiplex RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing, samples with host-unusual genotypes were singled out for the Illumina-based whole-genome sequencing. Attained constellations for samples D230-ZG, D329-OB, D248-ZG, and D399-SD were G4-P[6]-I1-R1-C1-M1-A1-N1-T7-E1-H1, G4-P[6]- I1-R1-C1-M1-A1-N1-T1-E1-H1, G6-P[6]-I2-R2-C2-M2- A3-N2-T6-E2-H3, G8-P[14]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A3-N2-T6-E2- H3, respectively. Two G4P[6] strains presented with a Wa-like constellation that evolutionary shares its backbone with porcine RVAs, except for the human-originated NSP1 and NSP2 segments. Conversely, strains G4P[6] and G8P[14] displayed a bovine-like genotype constellation. These two strains revealed a very close evolutionary relationship in all segments, some to the clade level, with the RVAs from the Artiodactyla family, hence a plausible direct zoonotic transmission could be hypothesized. Despite the relatedness with the Artiodactyla, it is interesting to note that during concurrent One Health research, the P[14] genotype within the G8P[14] human RVA strain, was detected only in the Croatian wild canine population. RVA strains with zoonotic background, currently detected sporadically, could be more present in the overall human population, eluding the present study by causing clinically milder, rarely hospitalized cases. Therefore, future surveillance is essential to fully determine the influence the wildlife and domestic animal populations have on the epidemiology of the specified RVA strains circulating in humans.
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- 2022
27. Cirkulacija virusa SARS-CoV-2 u otpadnim i površinskim vodama Republike Hrvatske tijekom prvog i drugog vala epidemije
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Brnić, Dragan, Lojkić, Ivana, Škoko, Ines, Krešić, Nina, Šimić, Ivana, Keros, Tomislav, Ganjto, Marin, Štefanac, Dario, Viduka, Branka, Karšaj, Dario, Štiler, Darko, Habrun, Boris, Jemeršić, Lorena, and Iljaš, Branko
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SARS-CoV-2 ,otpadne vode ,površinske vode ,rotavirus A ,Hrvatska - Abstract
Pandemija bolesti COVID-19 i danas nakon dvije godine ima mnoga otvorena pitanja, ali se očekuje da će bolest postati endemska. Pojavnost SARS-CoV- 2 u okolišu je do sada opisana puno puta, naročito pretraživanjem otpadnih voda gdje je moguće dokazati rastuću incidenciju čak 1-3 tjedna ranije u odnosu na kretanja u populaciji. Cilj predmetnog istraživanja je bio utvrditi cirkulaciju virusa SARS-CoV-2 u otpadnim i površinskim vodama u Republici Hrvatskoj. Istraživanje je obuhvatilo 13 uzoraka otpadnih i površinskih voda s početka epidemije i 17 uzoraka ulaznih i izlaznih otpadnih voda podrijetlom iz devet uređaja za pročišćavanje otpadnih voda (prvi do treći stupanj obrade) u sedam gradova (Zagreb, Vinkovci, Slavonski Brod, Koprivnica, Karlovac, Zadar i Split) tijekom drugog vala epidemije. Postupak koncentracije virusnih čestica proveden je prema normi EN ISO 15216-1 2017 uz primjenu mengovirusa kao procesne kontrole. SARS-CoV-2 je dokazivan primjenom metode kvantitativni RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) ili konvencionalni RT-PCR za gene koji kodiraju virusne proteine E, N (N1 i N2) i nsp14. Primijenjena je i metoda RT-PCR u stvarnom vremenu za dokazivanje dijela VP2 segmenta rotavirusa A (RVA) u svrhu dodatne provjere postupaka koncentracije virusnih čestica. Rezultati potvrđuju cirkulaciju SARS-CoV-2 u osam od devet uređaja za pročišćavanje otpadnih voda u svih sedam gradova obuhvaćenih ovim istraživanjem. Od 11 SARS-CoV-2 pozitivnih uzoraka, devet je ulaznih i dva izlazna uzorka nakon sekundarne obrade otpadnih voda. Svi uzorci otpadnih voda nakon tercijarne obrade su polučili negativan rezultat na SARS-CoV-2 kao i svi uzorci otpadnih i površinskih voda s početka epidemije. Osim jasne potvrde prisutnosti SARS-CoV-2 u otpadnim vodama sedam gradova RH, rezultati ukazuju i na doprinos sustava pročišćavanja otpadnih voda, naročito trećeg stupnja, u redukciji i uklanjanju ovog virusa. Rezultati dokazivanja RVA potvrđuju da se radi o izrazito rasprostranjenom enteričnom virusu s izraženom redukcijom u izlaznim vodama, ali ukazuju i na dinamiku te sezonalnost RVA infekcija u populaciji tijekom epidemije COVID-19. Zaključno je važno istaknuti da rezultati našeg istraživanja i dosadašnje spoznaje ukazuju na vrlo mali javnozdravstveni rizik otpadnih i površinskih voda kao mogućih izvora infekcije virusom SARS- CoV-2. Međutim potreban je oprez jer su istraživanja i dalje u tijeku, posebno po pitanju infektivnosti SARS-CoV-2 u predmetnim okolišnim uzorcima.
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- 2022
28. Pristup 'Jednog zdravlja' u istraživanju rotavirusa A: značaj životinjskih sojeva u epidemiologiji rotavirusnih infekcija u djece
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Brnić, Dragan, Kunić, Valentina, Krešić, Nina, Jukić Guć, Jelena, Krželj, Vjekoslav, Konjik, Vlatka, Roksandić Križan, Ivana, Šoprek, Silvija, and Tešović, Goran
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Rotavirus A, genetsko preslagivanje, molekularna epidemiologija, genetska raznolikost, NGS, Hrvatska, čovjek - Abstract
Rotavirusi, a posebno vrsta rotavirus A (RVA), su glavni uzročnici virusnih gastroenteritisa kod djece i kod mlađih dobnih kategorija životinja. Segmentirani genom rotavirusa odgovoran je za preslagivanje između različitih sojeva uz povremenu pojavu novih, humano-animalnih i moguće emergentnih sojeva. Tijekom tri rotavirusne sezone (2018-2021), prikupili smo ukupno preko 3400 uzoraka fecesa od hospitalizirane djece (RVA ICA pozitivni ; N=602) te domaćih i divljih mesojeda (N=1042), biljojeda (N=882) i svejeda (N=886). Uzorci su pretraženi primjenom metode RT-qPCR za VP2 segment i konvencionalnih metoda pojedinačnih ili multipleks RT-PCR za VP7 i VP4 segmente RVA. Rezultati pokazuju prevalenciju RVA u rasponu od 9, 3-18, 3% kod divljih i 38, 8-49, 9% kod domaćih životinja, dok je većina humanih uzoraka potvrđena kao RVA pozitivna. Genotipizacija VP7 i VP4 segmenata kod humanih uzoraka otkriva prisutnost osam različitih G (G1-G4, G6, G8-G10) i pet različitih P genotipova (P[4], P[6], P[8], P[9], P[14]), uz dominantnu zastupljenost genotipske kombinacije G3P[8]. Svi ovi genotipovi, osim genotipa P[4] i P[9] su utvrđeni kod različitih vrsta životinja. Filogenetska analiza potvrđuje zoonotsku pozadinu u svega 1, 6% humanih RVA sojeva, uslijed preslagivanja genoma sa sojevima podrijetlom od goveda (G6, G8, G10), svinja (G4 i P[6]) i lisica/ čagljeva (G8 i P[14]). Zanimljivo, genotip P[14] se smatra tipičnim za parnoprstaše kod kojih u predmetnom istraživanju nije utvrđen. Međuvrsni prijenos RVA je dokazan i u obrnutom smjeru u vidu reverznog zoonotskog prijenosa s čovjeka na domaće svinje i pse (G1 i P[8]), a moguće i lisice (G1 i G2). Iako je značaj životinjskih sojeva u epidemiologiji rotavirusnih infekcija kod djece u ovom istraživanju marginaliziran, učestalost zoonotskog prijenosa je možebitno veća u populaciji djece koja nisu hospitalizirana uslijed RVA infekcije. Redoviti nadzor cirkulirajućih sojeva RVA u domaćih i divljih sisavaca, uz pristup „Jednog zdravlja“, omogućuje pravovremeno prepoznavanje pojave novih emergentnih sojeva RVA moguće važnih za humano zdravlje i zaštitni učinak dostupnih cjepiva.
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- 2022
29. The ability of aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus isolated from domestic dry-cured meat products
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Zadravec, Manuela, Lešić, Tina, Brnić, Dragan, Jaki Tkalec, Vesna, Perković, Irena, Pleadin, Jelka, Svilačić Petrić, Ines, Leboš Pavunc, Andreja, Šantić, Marina, and Kifer, Domagoj
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food and beverages ,A. flavus, aflatoxin, genes, dry cured meat products - Abstract
Most of the moulds that grow on the surface of dry-cured meat products give them favourable characteristics. However, some mould species in optimal conditions can produce undesirable secondary metabolites, known as mycotoxins. One of the most dangerous mycotoxins is carcinogenic aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), which is mainly produced by Aspergillus flavus. The ability of moulds to produce this mycotoxin is regulated by the presence of genes such as nor1, ver1 and aflR. In this presented study, 120 samples of domestic dry- cured meat products, including dry-fermented sausages (Kulen, Kulenova seka both paprika- flavoured salamis and domestic sausages) and dry- cured meats (ham, pancetta/rolled, dried breast of pork and dry-rack meats), were analyzed for the presence of aflatoxigenic moulds, by the traditional and molecular methods, and a further detection of the genes responsible for aflatoxin production was performed by PCR reaction. AFB1 concentrations in all the samples were analysed by LC-MS/MS (liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry) method. A. flavus as a surface mould was detected on 12 samples (10%). Among them, in 4 isolates (33%) all three investigated genes responsible for AFB1 production were detected, out of which 2 isolates originated from domestic sausages, one from Kulen and one from Kulenova seka. In the other 5 isolates, originating from three domestic sausages, one pancetta and one Kulen, only the aflR gene was detected, while in one isolate of A. flavus none of investigated genes were detected. At the same time, in all the samples on which A. flavus was isolated, AFB1 was under the limit of detection (< 0.03 µg/kg). According to the obtained results it can be concluded that the isolated A. flavus strains which possess all three genes for AFB1 production were not stimulated to mycotoxin production, which include a temperature over 30°C and water activity above 0.82. The isolates, which are lacking one or more genes are not able to produce AFB1 in any circumstances. A. flavus isolates which are able to produce AFB1 present a very important issue for public health and should be considered as a serious threat through consumption of dry-cured meat products which are traditionally very popular foodstuffs in the human diet.
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- 2022
30. Rotavirus A infection in hospitalized children in Croatia during three seasons: the predominance of G3 genotype and the emergence of intergenogroup reassortant strains
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Brnić, Dragan, Kunić, Valentina, Mikuletič, Tina, Steyer, Andrej, Kogoj, Rok, Kovačević, Alen, Krešić, Nina, Konjik, Vlatka, Sipl, Mirna, Roksandić Križan, Ivana, Jukić Guć, Jelena, Krželj, Vjekoslav, Šoprek, Silvija, and Tešović, Goran
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Rotavirus A, reassortment, molecular epidemiology, genetic diversity, NGS, Croatia, humans - Abstract
Rotavirus A (RVA), in countries like Croatia with low vaccination coverage, represents an important healthcare burden due to frequent hospitalizations. The aim of the study was to investigate rotavirus diversity in hospitalized children in Croatia and to evaluate the potential zoonotic background of circulating strains. During three consecutive RVA seasons (2018-2021), we have collected 602 RVA positive samples from children admitted to three regional hospitals. Multiplex semi-nested RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing were applied for VP7/VP4 genotyping. For G1 and G3 strains, NSP5 and VP6 segments were additionally genotyped and selected strains were further analyzed by NGS on Illumina platform. Overall, we detected eight and five different G and P genotypes, respectively. In descending order, G3, G9, G2, G1, G4, G6, G8, G10 and P[8], P[4], P[9], P[6], P[14]. The G3 genotype was predominant (54%) with rising season-to-season prevalence of G3 equine-like (G3e) lineage. Furthermore, P[8] genotype was detected in 79% of samples. Interestingly, a high share (15%) of mixed G genotypes was observed. On the contrary, strains with zoonotic background were infrequent (1.6%). The NSP5/VP6 genotyping and NGS confirmed the emergence of intergenogroup reassortant strains ; G1P[8] and G3eP[8], both in DS-1-like and Wa-like constellations. Notable genetic heterogeneity and sporadic detection of RVA strains with zoonotic background were reported in hospitalized children in Croatia. A significant finding is the circulation of intergenogroup reassortant strains. These results provide a valuable source of knowledge prerequisite in considering potential introduction of vaccination in the national immunization program.
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- 2022
31. Overview of the Rotavirus A genotypes circulating in hospitalized children in wider Zagreb and Split areas during 2020 and 2021
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Kunić, Valentina, Šoprek, Silvija, Tešović, Goran, Jukić Guić, Jelena, Krželj, Vjekoslav, Krešić, Nina, Jemeršić, Lorena, Brnić, Dragan, Sviličić Petrić, Ines, Leboš Pavunc, Andreja, Šantić, Marina, and Kifer, Domagoj
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Rotavirus A, hospitalized children, diarrhea, national immunization programme - Abstract
Rotavirus is the leading cause of severe diarrhea among young children and animals with Rotavirus A (RVA), having the greatest impact considering its prevalence and pathogenicity. The segmented rotavirus genome is enclosed within three layered capsid, with an outer layer consisting of VP4 and VP7 proteins representing the foundation for binary classification. In years 2020 and 2021 we have collected and tested 191 fecal samples mostly from hospitalized children, 92 samples originating from the wider Zagreb area, and 99 from the wider Split area. All the obtained samples have tested positive with the immunochromatographic assay in their respective hospital centers. Using multiplex semi- nested PCR, either G or P genotype was determined in 189 samples and G/P genotype combination was found in 175 samples. For the unattained and the representative strains of each genotype, Sanger sequencing of amplified VP7 and VP4 gene segments was used for corroboration. Considering our data, G genotypes circulating among children in two Croatian regions were G3 (52.4%), G9 (14.7%), G2 (3.7%), G1 (1%), G8 (1%), mixed G genotypes (23.6%) and untypeable G genotype (3.7%). The P genotypes predominantly consisted of P[8] (85.3%), followed by P[4] (2.6%), P[9] (2.1%), P[6] (1%), P[14] (1%), mixed P genotypes (2.1%) and finally untypeable P genotypes (4.7%). We also noted eight different G and P combinations, listed in the order of predominance as follows: G3P[8], G9P[8], G2P[4], G2P[8], G9P[6], G9P[9], G1P[8], G8P[14], alongside various mixed genotypes. Among eight genotype combinations, three may be considered uncommon (G2P[8], G9P[6] and G9P[9]). An animal to human interspecies transmission was evidenced with the circulation of bovine-like G8, G10 and P[14] RVA strains. G10 strains were only detected in mixed genotype group. An additional fact to accentuate is that within the G3 genotype, emerging G3 equine-like RVA strains were predominant with a 97% share over classic G3 strains. This represents an increase from a 48.5% share detected in two previous RVA seasons. The observation of the high detection rate of mixed G genotype in the present research is usually more common in developing countries. To conclude, our results state the importance of monitoring dynamic changes in the prevalence of different RVA genotypes which may serve as a basis for the eventual introduction of RVA vaccines in the national immunization program in Croatia.
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- 2022
32. Diversity of mycoflora on the surface of dry- fermented sausages produced in various climatic regions in Croatia
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Lešić, Tina, Zadravec, Manuela, Brnić, Dragan, Jaki Tkalec, Vesna, Perković, Irena, Pleadin, Jelka, Sviličić Petrić, Ines, Leboš Pavunc, Andreja, Šantić, Marina, and Kifer, Domagoj
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meat products ,moulds ,Penicillium ,Aspergillus ,Croatian regions - Abstract
In Croatia, there are many different types of traditional dry-fermented sausages, that are produced in non-regulated production conditions, such as temperature and relative air humidity. These environmetal conditions along side with the seasonality of the production affects the growth of surface mycoflora, so that they are a characteristic of the production area. The aim of this study was to investigate the growth of mycoflora on the surface of dry-fermented sausages (n=36) produced during the year 2020 and which come from three different Croatian geographical- climatic zones (Western - Istria, and continental: Eastern - Slavonia and Northern - Zagorje) and to relate their presence to the regional climatic factors (temperature and the amount of precipitation). Surface moulds were identified using the molecular method by beta-tubulin and calmodulin loci sequencing. In total, 47 of the Penicilium isolates and 22 of the Aspergillus isolates were identified with the predominant being P. commune (25%), P. citrinum (19%) and A. proliferans (7%). The results revealed significant differences (p< 0.05) in the total number of isolates and species diversity in Istria in comparison to Slavonia and Zagorje, which is related to the Aspergillus genus. In Istria a smaller number of Aspergillus isolates and species was determined (only A. proliferans) in comparison to the two other regions in which a 2-4 times higher number of isolates and 5 species of this genus (A. niger, A. tubingensis, A. pseudoglaucus, A. chevalieri and A. flavus) were identified. This observation could be explained by the fact that Istria is known for rainy weather and a higher amount of precipitation (in mm) during the period of the sausages maturing (January-April) compared to the other continetal regions, suggesting that dry weather conditions are more favourable for Aspergillus species growth on dry-fermented sausage surfaces.
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- 2022
33. Influence of in vitro cultivation on differentiation gene expression in canine adipose- derived mesenchymal stem cells
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Prišlin Marina, Vlahović Dunja, Ljolje Ivana, Kostešić Petar, Turk Nenad, Naletilić Šimun, Brnić Dragan, Krešić Nina
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canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells ,differentiation ,gene expression ,in vitro cultivation ,microarray - Abstract
Canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (cAD-MSCs) have been shown to be efficient in various pathologies, but certain therapies require in vitro expansion that can affect the molecular signatures and functionality of cAD-MSCs. Therefore, our research aimed to explore the existence of differ-entiation (DI) events in cAD- MSCs molecular signatures during in vitro cul- tivation. We isolated cAD-MSCs from the abdominal adipose tissue of 8 young fe-male dogs and confirmed their identity and functionality following the ISCT criteria. Good quality total RNA extracted in passage (P) 3 and P6 was used in a microarray and changes in the expression of genes related to DI were analyzed. Cells arrested proliferation at ~P8 and demonstrated common immunophe-notype and DI peculiarities, except for lower-intensity osteoDI. Overall ex-pression was not significantly changed, although gene upregulations and downregulations were noticed. Overexpression of GDF7, important in carti-lage formation, KDR or VEGFR2 in angiogenesis during DI, and FGF10, in development, especially in embryonic limb development, indicate that fur-ther in vitro cultivation could favor DI events. TBX5, known as the promot-er of osteoDI and mineralization was downregulated in P6, which suggests its possible impact on the demonstrated decreased potential for osteoDI. Downregulation of RHOA is a beneficial finding since overexpression of this gene is associated with tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. This research demonstrated that in vitro exploitation does not significantly alter the DI potential in P3 nor DI gene expression in P6 in young female cAD-MSCs, suggesting the absence of significant spontaneous DI events during cultivation. Preserved multipotent potential during cultivation, as demonstrated here, is a crucial prerequisite for the generation of good- quality stem cell products for canines.
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- 2022
34. Evaluating procedures from the laboratory contingency plan for FMD, Croatian experience
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Brnić, Dragan
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FMDV, simulation exercise, laboratory contingency plan, Croatia - Abstract
The lecture presented the experience of the Croatian National reference laboratory (NRL) for Foot-and-Mouth disease (FMD) in evaluating the Laboratory contingency plan for FMD. The evaluation was performed within a tabletop simulation exercise co-organized by the Croatian Veterinary Institute (HVI) and The European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease (EuFMD). The exercise aimed to test the relevance and applicability of pre-selected, specific procedures from the laboratory contingency plan. Apart from players and observers from the HVI, participants were also observers from NRL in Serbia, North Macedonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro.
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- 2022
35. Absence of Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Circulation in the Most Widespread Wild Croatian Canine Species, the Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) and Jackal (Canis aureus moreoticus).
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Prpić, Jelena, Kunić, Ana, Keros, Tomislav, Lojkić, Ivana, Brnić, Dragan, and Jemeršić, Lorena
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HEPATITIS E virus ,RED fox ,WILD boar ,CANIS ,SUBURBS ,SPECIES ,IMMUNOGLOBULINS - Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) can infect a wide range of domestic and wild animals, and the identification of new host species is reported successively worldwide. Nevertheless, its zoonotic potential and natural transmission, especially in wildlife remains unclear, primarily due to the discrete nature of HEV infections. Since the red fox (Vulpus vulpus) is the most widespread carnivore worldwide, and has been recognized as a potential HEV reservoir, its role as a potent host species is of increasing interest. Another wild canine species, the jackal (Canis aureus moreoticus), is becoming more important within the same habitat as that of the red fox since its number and geographical distribution have been rapidly growing. Therefore, we have chosen these wild species to determine their potential role in the epidemiology and persistence of HEV in the wilderness. The main reason for this is the finding of HEV and a rather high HEV seroprevalence in wild boars sharing the same ecological niche as the wild canine species, as well as the risk of the spread of HEV through red foxes into the outskirts of cities, where possible indirect and even direct contact with people are not excluded. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the possibility of natural HEV infection of free-living wild canines, by testing samples for the presence of HEV RNA and anti-HEV antibodies to gain better epidemiological knowledge of the disease. For this purpose, 692 red fox and 171 jackal muscle extracts and feces samples were tested. Neither HEV RNA nor anti-HEV antibodies were detected. Although HEV circulation was not detected in the tested samples, to our knowledge, these are the first results that include jackals as a growing and important omnivore wildlife species for the presence of HEV infection in Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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36. Improving Current Knowledge on Seroprevalence and Genetic Characterization of Swine Influenza Virus in Croatian Pig Farms: A Retrospective Study
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Jungić, Andreja, primary, Savić, Vladimir, additional, Madić, Josip, additional, Barbić, Ljubo, additional, Roić, Besi, additional, Brnić, Dragan, additional, Prpić, Jelena, additional, Jemeršić, Lorena, additional, and Novosel, Dinko, additional
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- 2021
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37. SARS-CoV-2 investigation in wildlife and environment
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LOJKIĆ Ivana, JEMERŠIĆ Lorena, BRNIĆ Dragan, KREŠIĆ Nina, KEROS Tomislav, ŠKOKO Ines, BORAS Jadranko, BATA Ingeborg, SKOK Damir, AMŠEL ZELENIKA Tajana, JURINOVIĆ Luka, ZRNČIĆ Vida, RUŽANOVIĆ Lea, HABRUN Boris.
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SARS-CoV-2, gulls, zoo animals, wildlife, bats, virus-neutralization test, ELISA, real-time RT-PCR ,fungi - Abstract
Almost two years of coexistence with COVID-19 are behind us and it is very much clear that disease is likely to become endemic. To make it manageable, the knowledge of all aspects of the disease and its causative agent is of paramount importance. Human-to-animal contact, as people encroach on animal habitats has shown in the past to cause spillover events of numerous pathogens from animals to humans, and vice versa. When it comes to SARS-CoV-2, it has been proven that humans sporadically can transmit the virus to other animals or even cause an epidemic wave within some species such as outbreak of infection in farm minks. Due to the number of infected people, possible animal susceptibility, high viral recombination rates of coronaviruses and recent reports of environmental, especially wastewater contamination, reverse spillovers of SARS-CoV-2 can be expected. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate a possible transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to free ranging and captive wildlife as well as the environment after the first infection wave and during the second one. We tested the environmental samples which were represented by wastewaters (n=21 ; nine wastewater treatment plants from seven Croatian counties ; from 1st to 3rd treatment stage), surface waters (n=30 ; two nature parks and one city lake) and bivalves from the Adriatic Sea (n=77). Regarding the wildlife species, we tested samples of wild boar (n=153), red fox (n=204) and jackal (n=65), for the presence of SARS CoV-2 RNA and anti-SARS CoV-2 antibodies. We also tested yellow-legged gulls (n=111) since they feed on garbage pins nearby highly populated cities. To fulfil the epidemiological data, we tested samples of Zoo animals (n=32) that were consecutively in contact with SARS CoV-2 positive humans. Finally, samples from one bat colony (n=38) located relatively close to the human settlement were tested as well. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 was examined by applying real-time RT-PCR directed towards different genome targets ; the presence of anti-SARS CoV-2 antibodies were examined by two commercially available serological assays (ELISA and VNT). Eight out of nine wastewater plants were positive in influent wastewaters on at least one genome target. Most effluent wastewaters from 2nd and 3rd treatment stage plants were SARS-CoV-2 negative (81.8%), as well as all surface waters and bivalves. However, no wildlife samples were either serologically or virologically positive, regardless of the locality and distance from human settlements. Samples of wild animals from the Zagreb Zoo, which are in daily contact with people, including those proven to be positive for COVID-19, were also negative. Nevertheless, 58% of the bats tested ELISA positive, and neutralising antibodies were detected in 29% of bats. Guano samples (26%) tested positive with SARS-CoV-2 E-gene-Sarbeco real-time RT-PCR protocol. The detected coronavirus sequences were classified within both alphaCoVs and betaCoVs. The discovered betaCoV sequence was phylogenetically clustered with other SARS-CoV-2-like viruses, but not with the original pandemic virus. In conclusion, no evidence of spillover of SARS CoV-2 was found in tested wildlife species regardless of their habitat, however, the SARS CoV-2 pandemic strain derived from wastewater and the SARS CoV-2-like strain detected in bats indicate that a possibility of virus transmission is present, and monitoring must be carried out.
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- 2021
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38. SARS-CoV-2 u okolišu: otpadne vode i školjkaši kao mogući izvor infekcije
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Brnić, Dragan, Lojkić, Ivana, Škoko, Ines, Krešić, Nina, Šimić, Ivana, Keros, Tomislav, Ganjto, Marin, Štefanac, Dario, Viduka, Branka, Karšaj, Dario, Štiler, Darko, Habrun, Boris, and Jemeršić, Lorena
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SARS-CoV-2, otpadna voda, površinska voda, školjkaši, rotavirus A, javno zdravstvo - Abstract
Virus SARS-CoV-2 je uzrokovao pandemiju čija je dinamika, sada nakon gotovo dvije godine, i dalje neizvjesna. Iako primarno uzrokuje simptome respiratornog sustava, izlučuje se u produljenom trajanju putem probavnog sustava. To je ujedno bila i osnova za istraživanje otpadnih voda u kojima je dokazana prisutnost virusa SARS-CoV-2 diljem svijeta. Istraživanja moguće kontaminacije školjkaša virusom SARS-CoV-2 značajno zaostaju, sa svega dva do sada opisana istraživanja. Cilj predmetnog istraživanja je bio utvrditi cirkulaciju virusa SARS-CoV-2 u otpadnim i površinskim vodama u Republici Hrvatskoj te proširiti trenutne spoznaje o mogućnosti kontaminacije školjkaša u Jadranu tijekom drugog vala epidemije. Istraživanje je obuhvatilo 13 uzoraka otpadnih i površinskih voda s početka epidemije u Republici Hrvatskoj i 17 uzoraka ulaznih i izlaznih otpadnih voda podrijetlom iz devet uređaja za pročišćavanje otpadnih voda (prvi do treći stupanj obrade) u sedam gradova (Zagreb, Vinkovci, Slavonski Brod, Koprivnica, Karlovac, Zadar i Split) tijekom drugog vala epidemije. Tijekom tog razdoblja prikupljen je i veći dio od 77 uzoraka školjkaša, a zastupljene vrste su dagnje (Mytilus galloprovincialis, N= 52), kamenice (Ostra edulis, N= 23) i brbavice (Venus verrucosa) s komercijalnih uzgajališta. Postupak koncentracije virusnih čestica proveden je prema normi EN ISO 15216-1 2017 uz primjenu mengovirusa kao procesne kontrole. SARS-CoV-2 je dokazivan primjenom metode kvantitativni RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) ili konvencionalni RT-PCR za gene koji kodiraju virusne proteine E, N (N1 i N2) i nsp14. Također je primijenjena i metoda RT-PCR u stvarnom vremenu za dokazivanje dijela VP2 segmenta rotavirusa A (RVA) u svrhu dodatne potvrde postupaka koncentracije virusa. Dobiveni rezultati potvrđuju cirkulaciju virusa SARS-CoV-2 u osam od devet uređaja za pročišćavanje otpadnih voda u svih sedam gradova. Od 11 pozitivnih uzoraka na SARS-CoV-2, devet je ulaznih i dva izlazna uzorka nakon sekundarne obrade otpadnih voda. Svi uzorci otpadnih voda nakon tercijarne obrade polučili su negativan rezultat na SARS-CoV-2 kao i svi uzorci otpadnih i površinskih voda s početka epidemije. Nije utvrđena prisutnost kontaminacije školjkaša virusom SARS-CoV-2. Rotavirus A je potvrđen u svim uzorcima otpadnih voda (N= 21), u 22, 2% uzoraka površinskih voda i u 23% uzoraka školjkaša. Predmetnim istraživanjem dokazali smo cirkulaciju virusa SARS-CoV-2 u otpadnim vodama diljem Republike Hrvatske te utvrdili da sustav pročišćavanja otpadnih voda, naročito treći stupanj, učinkovito reducira ili uklanja virus. Nismo dokazali kontaminaciju školjkaša virusom SARS-CoV-2 iako su uzorci prikupljeni tijekom razdoblja visoke incidencije u okviru drugog vala epidemije. Rezultati dokazivanja RVA potvrđuju da se radi o izrazito rasprostranjenom enteričnom virusu s izraženom redukcijom u izlaznim vodama, ali ukazuju i na dinamiku te sezonalnost RVA u populaciji tijekom epidemije COVID-19. Rezultati našeg istraživanja i dosadašnje spoznaje ukazuju na vrlo mali javnozdravstveni rizik otpadnih voda i školjkaša kao mogućih izvora infekcije virusom SARS-CoV-2. Međutim potreban je oprez jer su istraživanja i dalje u tijeku, posebno po pitanju infektivnosti virusa SARS-CoV-2 u predmetnim okolišnim uzorcima.
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- 2021
39. Infekcija virusom SARS CoV-2 u divljih životinja - stvarnost ili mit?
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Jemeršić, Lorena, Brnić, Dragan, Lojkić, Ivana, Krešić, Nina, Keros, Tomislav, Amšel Zelenika, Tajana, Jurinović, Luka, Prpić, Jelena, Skok, Damir, Bata, Ingemborg, Boras, Jadranko, Habrun, Boris, and Harapin, Ivica
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Infekcija, SARS CoV-2 , divlje životinja , RNA - Abstract
Kororonavirusi su uzročnici blagih do vrlo teških, pa i fatalnih respiratornih, probavnih i neuroloških infekcija u sisavaca i ptica. Pripadaju porodici Coronaviridae, potporodici Orthocoronavirinae koju predstavljaju četiri roda: alpha-, beta-, gama- i deltakoronavirus. Šišmiši su glavni rezervoari i primordijalni nositelji rodova alfa- i beta-, a ptice gama- i deltakoronavirusa. Značajka je koronavirusa visoka mutagenost što može rezultirati promjenom tropizma spram određenog tkiva ili domaćina, pa su tako posljednjih desetljeća zabilježeni i prijenosi sojeva koronavirusa sa životinje na čovjeka, kao što je pojava teškog akutnog respiratornog sindroma, engl. severe acute respiratory syndrome ili SARS (2002.) i srednje-istočnog respiratornog sindroma, engl. middle east respiratory syndrome ili MERS (2012.). Uzročnika su sa šišmiša na čovjeka prenijeli međuvrsni prijenosnici, cibetka i deva. Od početka pandemije COVID-19 smatra se da su rezervoari virusa šišmiši iz roda Rhinolophus. Međutim, sam zoonotski potencijal virusa SARS CoV-2 nije niti do danas u cijelosti poznat. Premda su opisane prirodne infekcije životinja virusom SARS CoV-2 u pasa, feretke, vretica, domaćih i divljih (tigar, lav, snježni leopard i puma) mačaka i gorile, njihova je pojava u pravilu sporadična i jednosmjerna (inficirani čovjek-životinja). U razdoblju od lipnja 2020. do veljače 2021. prikupljeni su i pretraženi uzorci krvi ili mišićnih iscrpina, te fecesa 153 divljih svinja (Sus scrofa), 204 lisica (Vulpes vulpes) i 65 čagljeva (Canis aureus) ; krv (N=38), feces (N=11) i guano (N=19) šišmiša (Miniopterus schreibersii, Myotis capaccinii, Myotis myotis i Rhinolophus ferrumequinum) s jednog staništa ; krv i obrisci kloaka 111 galebova klaukavaca (Larus michahellis), te feces 32 vrste životinja ( iz Zagrebačkog zoološkog vrta čija je jedina poveznica što su bile u kontaktu s inficiranim djelatnicima. Krv i mišične iscrpine pretražene su na prisutnost anti-SARS CoV-2 protutijela za nukleokapsidni (N) antigen virusa SARS CoV-2 komercijalnim imunoenzimnim testom ili ELISA-om , a za potvrdni test korišten je komercijalni surogatni virus neutralizacijski test ( kojim se određuje titar anti-SARS CoV-2 protutijela usmjerenih k proteinu šiljka (S) virusa. Feces i guano su pretraženi lančanom reakcijom polimerazom u stvarnom vremenu uz prethodnu reverznu transkripciju “E-gene Sarbeco FAM” protokolom i protokolima za dokazivanje odsječka genoma koji kodira za RNS ovisnu RNA polimerazu (Rdrp), jedan temeljen na tzv. pan Sarbeco-probama, dok je drugi specifičan za SARS CoV-2 Rdrp . Usprkos nalazu ukupno 15 pozitivnih seruma metodom ELISA u divljih svinja, crvenih lisica i čagljeva zaključno su rezultati na prisutnost anti-SARS CoV-2 protutijela negativni obzirom da je sVNT, kao zlatni standard polučio negativan rezultat . Uzorci različitih vrsta šišmiša koji su izuzeti sa iste lokacije pokazali su prisutnost protutijela za N antigen metodom ELISA u 22 uzorka (57, 89%), dok su anti-SARS CoV-2 protutijela za S protein putem sVNT-a nađena u 11 šišmiša. Prema dosadašnjim pokazateljima divlje životinje bile one u prirodi, ili zatočeništvu ne predstavljaju značajan javnozdravstveni rizik širenja COVID-19 infekcije u Hrvatskoj. Međutim, daljnji je monitoring od iznimne važnosti kako bi se u slučaju prijenosa virusa na potencijalne nositelje u životinjskom svijetu, pravovremeno mogle poduzeti mjere kontrole i zaštite od širenja.
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- 2021
40. Histological evaluation of chondro-differentiated cAD-MSC spheroids
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Vlahović, Dunja, Prišlin, Marina, Kostešić, Petar, Brnić, Dragan, Ljolje, Ivana, Šoštarić- Zuckermann, Ivan-Conrado, Artuković, Branka, Gudan Kurilj, Andrea, Hohšteter, Marko, Medven Zagradišnik, Lidija, Mihoković Buhin, Ivana, Krešić, Nina, Brkljača Bottegaro, Nika, Lukač, Maja, Zdolec, Nevijo, and Vrbanac, Zoran
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spheroids, special stain, canine stem cells - Abstract
Adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells are multipotent cells that in vitro differentiate into adipocytes, chondrocytes and osteoblasts depending on the differentiation media used. We investigated properties of chondro-differentiated canine AD- MSCs (cAD-MSCs) cultured in three dimensional structures, spheroids, using routine haematoxylin- eosin stain (HE) as well as three special stains. AD-MSCs from four young healthy female donors were incubated for 21 days in chondrodifferentiation media at 37°C, with 5% CO2 and 95% humidity. Formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) spheroids were sectioned and stained with HE. After histological evaluation of slides, special stains Alcian Blue 8GX, Masson`s trichrome and Von Kossa were performed. Extracellular matrix (ECM) in spheroids stained positively for proteoglycan aggrecan and collagen fibers with Alcian Blue and Masson`s trichrome stain, respectively. Multifocal areas of mineralization were observed in HE stained sections which stained positive with Von Kossa stain. Positive staining for aggrecan showed successful chondro-differentiation and viability of cAD-MSCs in vitro. Since Masson`s trichrome stains mainly collagen type 1, we can presume that the predominant type of collagen in spheroids is type 1 which is the most common ECM protein produced by mesenchymal cells. Further immunohistochemical analysis of collagen types should be carried out. Areas of mineralization indicate ossification of early cartilaginous tissue which could be related to cultivation duration. Routine and special histological staining of FFPE spheroids enabled a more detailed and morphologically accurate representation of cells and their products inside a 3D cell culture. It is a useful method for evaluating differentiation efficacy and also opens new questions such as types of collagen present which should be further investigated.
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- 2021
41. Učinak kultivacije in vitro na svojstva matičnih stanica iz masnog tkiva pasa
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Krešić, Nina, Prišlin, Marina, Brnić, Dragan, Vlahović, Dunja, Kostešić, Petar, Ljolje, Ivana, and Harapin, Ivica
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matične stanice, in vitro kultivacija, terapija, regenerativna medicina, genska ekspresija - Abstract
Porastom uloge psa, kao čovjekova ljubimca, raste potreba da mu se pruže najnoviji i najsigurniji, trenutno dostupni, medicinski tretmani. Temeljna i primijenjena istraživanja psećih matičnih stanica pružaju nove spoznaje o njihovim svojstvima te će omogućiti sigurnu i učinkovitu terapiju za različita stanja. Budući da terapija matičnim stanicama uključuje staničnu manipulaciju i in vitro kultivaciju, potrebno je istražiti njezin utjecaj na ekspresiju gena i specifičnih površinskih biljega, sastav sekretoma, a posljedično i na poželjna terapijska svojstva matičnih stanica. Od 2020. godine u tijeku je Uspostavni istraživački projekt Hrvatske zaklade za znanost UIP2019-04-2178 SECRET u okviru kojega istražujemo transkriptom i sekretom psećih mezenhimskih matičnih stanica iz masnoga tkiva sa svrhom njihove detaljne karakterizacije tijekom in vitro kultivacije, ali i nakon izlaganja uzročnicima virusnih infekcija. Iako se matične stanice vezuje uz regenerativnu medicinu i eksperimentalnu terapiju, integracijom virusa u istraživanja matičnih stanica i obratno primjenjujemo izmijenjen pristup istraživanju svojstava matičnih stanica, ali i virusne borbe tijekom infekcije in vitro. Ovakvim pristupom doprinosimo karakterizaciji matičnih stanica kao moćnog lijeka, otkrivamo njohov odgovor na infektivne uzročnike i istovremeno pružamo novu okolinu za otkrivanje virusnih mehanizama za adaptaciju.
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- 2021
42. Variations of stemness genes expression of canine mesenchymal stem cells during in vitro cultivation
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Krešić, Nina, Prišlin, Marina, Vlahović, Dunja, Kostešić, Petar, Brnić, Dragan, and Ljolje, Ivana
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stem cells, genes, stemness, canine, expression - Abstract
The ultimate goal of successful expansion in vitro is to maintain the stemness of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs), reflected in their ability to maintain self-renewal, i.e., undergo extensive proliferation while maintaining their multipotent differentiation potential. Since stem cell therapy involves cellular manipulation and in vitro cultivation, it is necessary to reveal its impact on the expression of stemness genes during cultivation and consequently stem cell desirable properties. We analysed changes in expression of several genes (FGF, INS, LIF, OCT4, SOX2 and WNT3A) responsible for stemness in eight healthy young female canine donors of different breeds (poodle, Rhodesian ridgeback, dachshund, beagle, Jack Russell terrier, Belgian shepherd, and two mix breed) referred to elective surgical procedure as it is the opportunity to collect the sample and bank the cells for use in adult age. Changes in the expression of stemness genes were studied, using validated RT2 Profiler PCR Array Format R with SYBR Green-optimized primer assays, in cells obtained by collagenase digestion of adipose tissue samples cultivated and analyzed in two-time points ; passage (P) P3 and P6. Variations of expression occurred between early (P3) and late (P6) passages, along with increased FGF and LIF expression, stable INS, SOX2 and OCT4, and decreased expression of WNT3A. The decreased expression of WNT3A, despite the stable expression of other stemness markers, explains the proliferation arrest and occurrence of senescence. It was already shown that blocking WNT signalling arrests growth, and a decline in WNT3A signalling is necessary for mesenchymal stem cells to proceed with replicative senescence. Though, stable expression of other stemness markers in cells cultivated in standard condition between P3 and P6 indicate their preserved stemness properties prior and optimal timeframe for transplantation. These results will be further validated on protein level and more canine donors’ cells.
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- 2021
43. SARS-CoV-2 u okolišu: predstavljaju li otpadne vode i školjkaši mogući izvor infekcije?
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Brnić, Dragan, Lojkić, Ivana, Škoko, Ines, Krešić, Nina, Šimić, Ivana, Keros, Tomislav, Ganjto, Marin, Štefanac, Dario, Viduka, Branka, Karšaj, Dario, Štiler, Darko, Habrun, Boris, Jemeršić, Lorena, and Harapin, Ivica
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SARS-CoV-2, otpadna voda, površinska voda, školjkaši, rotavirus A, javno zdravstvo - Abstract
Od pojave prvog slučaja bolesti krajem 2019. godine u Kini, virus SARS-CoV-2 je uzrokovao pandemiju bez presedana. Unatoč velikom napretku u razvoju i primjeni cjepiva, očekuje se da će bolest postati endemska s puno otvorenih pitanja glede dinamike infekcija virusom SARS-CoV-2. Pojavnost ovog virusa u okolišu je opisana puno puta naročito pretraživanjem otpadnih voda te se smatra da je na taj način moguće dokazati rastuću incidenciju bolesti COVID-19 čak 1-3 tjedna prije pojave u populaciji ljudi. Pretraživanje školjkaša na moguću kontaminaciju virusom SARS-CoV-2 značajno zaostaje, sa svega dva do sada opisana istraživanja. Cilj našeg istraživanja je bio utvrditi cirkulaciju virusa SARS-CoV-2 u otpadnim i površinskim vodama u Republici Hrvatskoj te proširiti trenutne spoznaje o mogućnosti kontaminacije školjkaša u Jadranu tijekom drugog vala epidemije. Ovo istraživanje obuhvatilo je 13 uzoraka otpadnih i površinskih voda s početka epidemije u Republici Hrvatskoj i 17 uzoraka ulaznih i izlaznih otpadnih voda podrijetlom iz devet pročišćivača u sedam gradova (Zagreb, Vinkovci, Slavonski Brod, Koprivnica, Karlovac, Zadar i Split) tijekom drugog vala epidemije. Pročišćivači otpadnih voda su bili različitog stupnja obrade, od prvog do trećeg stupnja. Tijekom tog razdoblja potječe i većina od 77 uzoraka školjkaša, a zastupljene vrste su dagnje (Mytilus galloprovincialis, N= 52), kamenice (Ostra edulis, N= 23) i brbavice (Venus verrucosa). Postupak koncentracije virusnih čestica, u gore navedenim uzorcima, proveden je djelomično modificiranim postupkom opisanim u normi EN ISO 15216-1 2017 uz primjenu mengovirusa kao procesne kontrole. Dokazivanje virusa SARS-CoV-2 provedeno je primjenom metode RT-PCR u stvarnom vremenu ili konvencionalno za gene koji koji kodiraju virusne proteine E, N i nsp14. Također je primijenjena i metoda RT-PCR u stvarnom vremenu za dokazivanje dijela genomskog segmenta VP2 rotavirusa A (RVA) u svrhu dodatne potvrde postupaka koncentracije virusa. Dobiveni rezultati potvrđuju cirkulaciju virusa SARS-CoV-2 u osam od devet pročišćivača otpadnih voda lociranih u svih sedam gradova. Od 11 SARS-CoV-2 pozitivnih uzoraka, devet je ulaznih i dva izlazna uzorka nakon sekundarne obrade otpadnih voda. Svi uzorci otpadnih voda nakon tercijarne obrade su polučili negativan rezultat na SARS-CoV-2 kao i svi uzorci otpadnih i površinskih voda s početka epidemije. Nije utvrđena prisutnost kontaminacije školjkaša virusom SARS-CoV-2. Rotavirus A je potvrđen u svim uzorcima otpadnih voda (N= 21), u 22, 2% uzoraka površinskih voda i u 23% uzoraka školjkaša. SARS-CoV-2 dokazano cirkulira u otpadnim vodama diljem Republike Hrvatske, a sustav pročišćavanja, naročito treći stupanj učinkovito reducira ili uklanja virus. Naši rezultati su u suglasju s mnogim istraživanjima provedenim u svijetu. Uzorci otpadnih voda tijekom početka epidemije su negativni ponajviše zbog strategije uzorkovanja usmjerene na izlazne vode gdje zbog niske incidencije u populaciji nije bilo moguće dokazati prisutnost virusa. Važno je istaknuti da dosadašnje spoznaje ne ukazuju na infektivnost otpadnih voda pozitivnih na RNA virusa SARS-CoV-2, ali pozivaju na oprez, poglavito djelatnika u postrojenjima pročišćivača. Negativan rezultat na prisutnost virusa SARS-CoV-2 u školjkašima u Jadranu je sličan rezultatima provedenim u Francuskoj. Važno je istaknuti da je naše istraživanje po prvi puta obuhvatilo razdoblje uzorkovanja tijekom jeseni i zime kada su enterične infekcije najčešće, a ujedno je to bilo i razdoblje drugog i najizraženijeg vala epidemije virusa SARS-CoV-2. Međutim, pokusno je dokazana mogućnost kontaminacije kamenica inaktiviranim virusom SARS-CoV-2, a u Španjolskoj je dokazana prisutnost neaktivnih virusnih čestica SARS-CoV-2 u školjkama u uzgajalištu, ali u području ušća rijeke pod utjecajem izljeva otpadnih voda. Rezultati dokazivanja RVA potvrđuju da se radi o široko rasprostranjenom enteričnom virusu s izraženom redukcijom u izlaznim vodama. Povrh toga ovi rezultati ukazuju i na dinamiku te sezonalnost RVA u populaciji tijekom epidemije koronavirusa. Zaključno možemo istaknuti da naši rezultati u kombinaciji s dosadašnjim spoznajama ukazuju na vrlo mali javnozdravstveni rizik otpadnih voda i školjkaša kao mogućih izvora infekcije virusom SARS-CoV-2. Međutim kako su istraživanja i dalje u tijeku, posebno po pitanju infektivnosti virusa SARS-CoV-2 u navedenim matriksima, potreban je oprez.
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- 2021
44. Istraživanje prisutnosti SARS CoV-2 u slobodnoživućih divljih životinja i životinja iz Zoološkog vrta
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Jemeršić, Lorena, Brnić, Dragan, Lojkić, Ivana, Krešić, Nina, Keros, Tomislav, Zelenika Amšel, Tajana, Jurinović, Luka, Prpić, Jelena, Skok, Damir, Bata, Ingborg, Boras, Jadranko, and Habrun, Boris
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SARS CoV-2 , ELISA, RT PCR, slobodno živuće divlje životinje, životinje iz zoološkog vrta - Abstract
Koronavirusi su uzročnici respiratornih, gastrointestinalnih i neuroloških infekcija u sisavaca i ptica. Pripadnici su potporodice Orthocoronavirinae koja sadrži četiri roda alfa, beta, gama i delta koronaviruse. Prirodni rezervoari alfa i betakoronavirusa su šišmiši, dok su rezervoari gama i delta koronavirusa ptice. Značajka je svih koronavirusa učestala mutacija genomskog materijala, molekule RNK, a koja može rezultirati promjenom patogenosti, tkivnog tropizma i/ili domaćina. Premda su znanstvenoj javnosti poznati već desetljećima, koronavirusi su potakli posebno zanimanje istraživača početkom 21. stoljeća nakon pojave emergentnih koronavirusnih infekcija u ljudi, ali i životinja, naročito svinja. Od 2019. godine čovječanstvo je suočeno s pandemijom COVID-19. Uzročnik je betakoronavirus, inačica virusa uzročnika teškog akutnog respiratornog sindroma ili SARS-a. Sam virus sadrži RNK koju obavijaju i štite četiri strukturna proteina, protein membrane (M), protein ovojnice (E), protein S koji je odgovoran za stanični tropizam i nukleokapsidni protein N. Posljednja dva induciraju stvaranje protutijela u domaćinu. Premda se zbog ranijih iskustava s betakoronavirusnim infekcijama ljudi, pretpostavljalo kako je pri prijenosu uzročnika COVID-19 sa šišmiša na čovjeka posredovala dodatna životinjska vrsta, do danas ova pretpostavka nije dokazana. Ono što je poznato je da su odsječci RNK virusa izdvojeni iz uzoraka podrijetlom od psa, domaće mačke, divljih mačaka u zoološkim vrtovima (tigra, lava, snježnog leoparda i pume), feretke, vidrice iz uzgoja te gorila i to nakon bliskog kontakta s inficiranim ljudima. Infekcija je u životinja najčešće asimptomatska ili je praćena vrlo blagim respiratornim promjenama. U vidrica znakovi bolesti mogu biti vrlo izraženi, a infekcija može završiti i uginućem. Virus se među vidricama širi kontaktom, a dokazana je i povratna infekcija s vidrica na djelatnike s kojima su došle u kontakt. Međutim, istraživanja prirodne infekcije virusom SARS CoV-2 u divljih životinja, pogotovo slobodnoživućih, su nedostatna. Stoga je Hrvatski veterinarski institut uz podršku u reagensima i opremi od strane Međunarodne agencije za atomsku energiju proveo opsežno istraživanje prisutnosti RNK virusa SARS CoV-2 i/ili prisutnosti protutijela za virus SARS CoV- 2 u slobodnoživućih divljih životinja (ukupno 571 jedinka) u Hrvatskoj i to svinje divlje (Sus scrofa), lisice crvene (Vulpes vulpes), čaglja (Canis aureus moreoticus), šišmiša (Miniopterus schreibersii, Myotis capaccinii, Myotis myotis i Rhinolophus ferrumequinum) i galeba klaukavca (Larus michahellis), te u 32 vrste životinja iz Zoološkog vrta, Zagreb. Zoonotska obilježja pandemije SARS-CoV-2 21 Uzorkovanje je trajalo od lipnja 2020. do kraja veljače 2021., dakle prije, za vrijeme i nakon drugog pandemijskog vala COVID-19. Životinje iz istraživanja su testirane na prisutnost protutijela za N protein virusa SARS CoV-2 imunoenzimnim testom (ID Screen® SARS-CoV-2 Double Antigen Multi-species ELISA kit, IDvet, Francuska) i neutralizacijskih protutijela za S protein virusa SARS CoV-2 surogat virus neutralizacijskim testom (cPASS SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization Antibody Detection Kit, GenScript, Nizozemska). Životinje iz zoološkog vrta nisu pretražene na prisustvo protutijela kako bi se izbjegao dodatni kontakt i njihovo uznemiravanje. Uzorci fecesa i briseva kloaka životinja te guano su testirani pomoću nekoliko priznatih RT-PCR protokola temeljenih na prepoznavanju različitih odsječaka genoma virusne RNK (Corman i sur., 2020 ; Lu i sur., 2020 ; La Rosa i sur., 2021 ; Xiu i sur., 2020.). Testiranja su polučila negativne rezultate na prisutnost protutijela za SARS CoV-2, kao i odsječaka RNK u svinje divlje, lisice crvene, čagljeva i galebova. Sve pretražene životinje iz Zoološkog vrta Zagreb bile su negativne na prisutnost odsječaka virusne RNK. Pozitivni rezultati na prisutnost protutijela dokazani su u 57, 9% šišmiša pretraženih imunoenzimnim testom i 28, 9% pretraženih surogat virus neutralizacijskim testom. Pet od 19 (26, 3%) pretraženih uzoraka guana bili su pozitivni na prisutnost odsječaka RNK virusa SARS CoV-2, dok su tri uzorka (15, 8%) pokazali pozitivan rezultat na prisutnost pankoronavirusnih odsječaka. Analizom RdRp odsječaka pankoronavirusnih izolata utvrđeno je da dva uzorka sadrže pripadnike alfakoronavirusa, dok je jedan izolat sadržavao betakoronavirus i to linije Sarbecovirus. Premda je navedeni izolat pokazao značajnu srodnost s virusom SARS CoV-2, on nije svrstan u skupinu virusa uzročnika pandemije COVID-19. Rezultati pretraživanja pokazuju da u Hrvatskoj nije došlo do prijenosa virusa SARS CoV-2 na slobodnoživuće divlje životinje usprkos naglom širenju virusa tijekom drugog pandemijskog vala. Životinje iz zoološkog vrta nisu širitelji virusa neovisno o kontaktu s inficiranim ljudima što navodi na zaključak da je potreban visok titar virusa SARS CoV-2 za njegov prijenos sa čovjeka na divlje životinje. Prema očekivanjima, galeb klaukavac nije pasivni prijenosnik SARS CoV-2 usprkos činjenici što obitava na odlagalištima ljudskog otpada. Međutim, nalazi u šišmiša pokazuju da je ova vrsta životinja primljiva za SARS CoV-2 srodne viruse te je od izrazite važnosti zaštiti šišmiše od kontakta s ljudima kako pandemijski soj virusa ne bi bio prenijet sa čovjeka na populaciju šišmiša, ali niti ostalih slobodnoživućih životinja jer bi tada kontrola i suzbijanje COVID-19 bila ograničena, ako ne i onemogućena, a eko sustav kakvog poznajemo, ugrožen.
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- 2021
45. Rotavirusi kod domaćih svinja: visoka prevalencija, genetska raznolikost i značaj međuvrsnog prijenosa
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Brnić, Dragan, Kovačević, Alen, Krešić, Nina, Hižman, Dražen, Bačani, Ivica, Margeta, Vladimir, Jemeršić, Lorena, and Harapin, Ivica
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Rotavirus A ,domaća svinja ,genomsko preslagivanje ,međuvrsni prijenos ,zoonoza ,jedno zdravlje - Abstract
Rotavirusi, a poglavito rotavirus A (RVA) su široko rasprostranjeni enterični patogeni koji su ujedno i najznačajniji uzročnici gastroenteritisa kod djece. Smatra se da uzrokuju oko 130.000 smrtnih slučajeva u zemljama u razvoju, ali i značajan broj hospitalizacija u razvijenim zemljama s visokim higijenskim standardima. Vrlo su važan uzročnik proljeva u mlađih dobnih kategorija domaćih svinja, te se smatra da su enzootski prisutni u uzgojima. Uzročnik je dsRNA virus segmentiranog genoma, pripadnik roda Rotavirus, porodice Reoviridae te je do danas prepoznato devet vrsta, od kojih je RVA daleko najučestalija, a time i najznačajnija vrsta. Rotavirusna dsRNA je obavijena troslojnom kapsidom čiji površinski sloj čine virusni proteini VP7 i VP4 koji su osnova binarne klasifikacije, određivanjem genotipa G i P. Do danas je kod RVA prepoznato minimalno 36 različitih genotipa G i 51 genotip P. Segmentirani genom je osnovni razlog pojave genetskog preslagivanja koje uvjetuje iznimno veliku genetsku heterogenost rotavirusa te učestalu pojavu potencijalno emergentnih humano- animalnih presloženica što predstavlja osnovu zoonotskog potencijala rotavirusa. Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio utvrditi prevalenciju i genetsku raznolikost rotavirusa A u velikim farmskim i malim dvorišnim uzgojima domaćih svinja u Republici Hrvatskoj te pri tome utvrditi značaj međuvrsnog prijenosa. U razdoblju od 2018-2020. godine uzorkovano je ukupno 363 uzoraka rektalnih briseva pretežno mlađih dobnih kategorija domaćih svinja podrijetlom iz sedam farmskih i 21 dvorišnog uzgoja s područja osam županija (Osječko-baranjska, Vukovarsko-srijemska, Požeško- slavonska, Sisačko-moslavačka, Zagrebačka, Međimurska, Varaždinska i Splitsko-dalmatinska županija). Rotavirus A je dokazivan primjenom metode RT-PCR u stvarnom vremenu za umnožavanje dijela VP2 genomskog segmenta. Svi pozitivni uzorci su genotipizirani primjenom različitih metoda konvencionalnog RT-PCR-a za umnožavanje VP7 i VP4 genomskog segmenta. Sekvenciranjem odabranih pozitivnih uzoraka utvrđen je genotip G i P te najčešće genotipske kombinacije. Dobivene sekvence su potom korištene u postupku filogentske analize upotrebom programskog paketa MEGA X. Rezultati ukazuju na iznimno visoku prevalenciju RVA od 44% u uzgojima domaćih svinja u Republici Hrvatskoj, a barem jedan pozitivan uzorak je potvrđen u svakom uzgoju. Također je RVA utvrđen i na području svih županija. Rotavirusi koji cirkuliraju u području Republike Hrvatske su iznimno genetski raznoliki sa sedam različitih genotipova G (G2, G3, G4, G5, G6, G9, G11) i četiri različita genotipa P (P[6], P[13], P[23] i P[32]) uz čak 11 različitih genotipskih kombinacija. Važno je istaknuti pojavnost iznimno rijetkog genotipa P[32]. Kada govorimo o međuvrsnom prijenosu RVA, on je utvrđen primarno između rotavirusa domaćih i divljih svinja. Temeljem naših dosadašnjih istraživanja, možemo reći da osim s divljim svinjama, rotavirusi koji cirkuliraju u domaćih svinja izmjenjuju svoj genetski materijal i s rotavirusima kod ljudi, goveda, pasa i lisica. Zaključno je važno istaknuti visoku zastupljenost RVA u uzgojima domaćih svinja u Republici Hrvatskoj što ide u prilog činjenici da se radi o enzootskom virusu. Obilježja genoma RVA uvjetuju visoku genetsku raznolikost kod domaćih svinja, a posljedično i međuvrsni prijenos koji ponajprije karakterizira razmjena segmenata genoma. Iako se javlja sporadično, evidentno je preslagivanje genomskih segmenata između humanih i rotavirusa domaćih svinja te pojava novih potencijalno emergentnih humano-svinjskih presloženica. Stoga je važno sustavno pratiti molekularnu epidemiologiju sojeva RVA u ekosustavu uz primjenu koncepta Jednog zdravlja.
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- 2021
46. The Expression Pattern of Surface Markers in Canine Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
- Author
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Krešić, Nina, primary, Prišlin, Marina, additional, Vlahović, Dunja, additional, Kostešić, Petar, additional, Ljolje, Ivana, additional, Brnić, Dragan, additional, Turk, Nenad, additional, Musulin, Andrija, additional, and Habrun, Boris, additional
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- 2021
- Full Text
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47. Investigating the Presence of SARS CoV-2 in Free-Living and Captive Animals
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Jemeršić, Lorena, primary, Lojkić, Ivana, additional, Krešić, Nina, additional, Keros, Tomislav, additional, Amšel Zelenika, Tajana, additional, Jurinović, Luka, additional, Skok, Damir, additional, Bata, Ingeborg, additional, Boras, Jadranko, additional, Habrun, Boris, additional, and Brnić, Dragan, additional
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- 2021
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48. First description and diagnostics of disease caused by Piscirickettsia salmonis in farmed European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax Linnaeus) from Croatia
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Zrnčić, Snježana, Vendramin, Niccolò, Boutrup, Torsten S., Boye, Mette, Madsen, Lone, Nonneman, Bettina, Brnić, Dragan, Oraić, Dražen, Zrnčić, Snježana, Vendramin, Niccolò, Boutrup, Torsten S., Boye, Mette, Madsen, Lone, Nonneman, Bettina, Brnić, Dragan, and Oraić, Dražen
- Abstract
During the winter of 2013 and 2016, several Croatian fish farms experienced mortalities in the fry of European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax. Affected fish showed abnormal swimming behaviour and reduced appetite, and death ensued several days after the onset of clinical signs of disease. Necropsy revealed pale liver, empty digestive tract, distended gall bladder, and hyperaemia and congestion of the meninges. Routine bacteriological examination tested negative, and virological examination ruled out nodavirus infection. Histological examination revealed multifocal necrosis and extensive inflammation in the brain with abundant cellular debris in the ventricles. Inflammatory cells displayed intra-cytoplasmic basophilic vacuoles leading to suspicion of Piscirickettsia salmonis infection. Fluorescent in situ hybridization using an oligonucleotide probe targeting Domain Bacterium applied to tissue sections tested positive. The pathogen was identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing of brain material, and the sequence showed 99% similarity with P. salmonis. This result enabled the design of an oligonucleotide probe specifically targeting P. salmonis. In 2016, P. salmonis was successfully isolated on CHAB from the brain of an affected specimen and identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and MALDI-TOF. This study describes the first outbreak of disease caused by P. salmonis in sea bass in Croatia, while new diagnostic tools will enable further research on its epidemiology and pathogenicity.
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- 2021
49. A Remarkable Genetic Diversity of Rotavirus A Circulating in Red Fox Population in Croatia
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Čolić, Daniel, primary, Krešić, Nina, additional, Mihaljević, Željko, additional, Andreanszky, Tibor, additional, Balić, Davor, additional, Lolić, Marica, additional, and Brnić, Dragan, additional
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- 2021
- Full Text
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50. First description and diagnostics of disease caused by Piscirickettsia salmonis in farmed European sea bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax Linnaeus) from Croatia
- Author
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Zrnčić, Snježana, primary, Vendramin, Niccolò, additional, Boutrup, Torsten S., additional, Boye, Mette, additional, Madsen, Lone, additional, Nonneman, Bettina, additional, Brnić, Dragan, additional, and Oraić, Dražen, additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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