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This work evaluated the potential of the Merlot grape produced in Campanha Gaúcha region for the production of sparkling wines. The base wines were made through direct pressing (T1) and cold pre-fermentative maceration (CPM) with 6 (T2), 24 (T3) and 48 (T4) hours of duration. Afterwards, the second fermentation of treatments was conducted by the Champenoise method. The results obtained in the physicochemical analysis demonstrate the potential of elaborating sparkling wines with higher alcohol content from this cultivar in the region. In the sensory analysis, all sparkling wines received excellent scores for overall quality and the best results, in general, were observed in the sparkling wine made with 24 hours of CPM (T3). From the results obtained, we can suggest the Merlot grape as an alternative for the production of sparkling wines in the region, requiring more in-depth studies on maturation time and typology of the product to be prepared.

Devido à grande busca por qualidade das uvas, pesquisadores e produtores intensificam a descoberta de novas tecnologias e manejos. Sendo a desfolha uma técnica comum nos vinhedos, a cobertura inorgânica do solo é uma alternativa a ser aliada, a fim de melhorar as características físicas e químicas das bagas, refletindo na qualidade do mosto e do vinho. Por isso, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos de um material inorgânico como cobertura do solo em conjunto com a desfolha das plantas sobre o rendimento dos frutos, qualidade do mosto e qualidade do vinho. Foram trabalhados os tratamentos com lona plástica na cor branca disposta no período de frutificação e desfolha parcial, na safra 2020. Pode-se concluir através dos resultados, que o tratamento com cobertura do solo sem desfolha teve maior massa dos cachos. As demais variáveis do mosto e do vinho não apresentaram diferença estatística. Portanto para estas condições, a desfolha não teve influência sobre os tratamentos, sendo que a cobertura do solo pode ser uma alternativa para melhorar as características físicas da uva Tannat.

A cobertura do solo com material inorgânico é uma técnica muito utilizada em algumas culturas criando um microclima no local a fim de melhorar a qualidade dos produtos. Porém, cada cultura tem um efeito diferente conforme o clima, a localização e o manejo. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi cobrir o solo com tecido de diferentes cores em uvas Tannat a fim de melhorar a qualidade da fruta e do vinho elaborado. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, onde as plantas foram cobertas no período de maturação das uvas, composto por quatro tratamentos e quatro repetições: cobertura do solo com tecido-não-tecido (TNT) nas cores azul, amarela e vermelha e o tratamento testemunha sem cobertura. Após a colheita, foram realizadas as análises físicas das uvas e químicas do mosto, vinificação, e posteriormente a análise química do vinho, os dados foram submetidos ao teste de Tukey a 5% de significância. Conforme os resultados encontrados, podemos observar que a cobertura do solo com TNT amarelo proporcionou menor tonalidade de cor do mosto, o que é mais desejável, e influenciou na maior graduação alcoólica do vinho. Já a o TNT azul intensificou a tonalidade do mosto. Portanto, as diferentes cores em cobertura do solo podem modificar algumas características da uva e do vinho Tannat.

In modern retail contexts, retailers sell products from vast product assortments to a large and heterogeneous customer base. Understanding purchase behavior in such a context is very important. Standard models cannot be used because of the high dimensionality of the data. We propose a new model that creates an efficient dimension reduction through the idea of purchase motivations. We only require customer-level purchase history data, which is ubiquitous in modern retailing. The model handles large-scale data and even works in settings with shopping trips consisting of few purchases. Essential features of our model are that it accounts for the product, customer, and time dimensions present in purchase history data; relates the relevance of motivations to customer- and shopping-trip characteristics; captures interdependencies between motivations; and achieves superior predictive performance. Estimation results from this comprehensive model provide deep insights into purchase behavior. Such insights can be used by managers to create more intuitive, better informed, and more effective marketing actions. As scalability of the model is essential for practical applicability, we develop a fast, custom-made inference algorithm based on variational inference. We illustrate the model using purchase history data from a Fortune 500 retailer involving more than 4,000 unique products.

A large product assortment is typically characterized by many products that are rarely purchased: the long tail. Combined, these products make a sizable contribution to the total purchase volume. A retailer that better understands the purchase behavior in its long tail can increase the value of these products. Yet, analyzing tail purchases at the customer level is challenging: The available purchases per product in the tail are limited, while the number of customers and products are large. We develop new methodology that overcomes these challenges and sheds light on customer-specific purchase behavior for the long tail. The idea underlying our approach is a dimension reduction that uses latent product groups to summarize tail purchase behavior. We rely on variational inference to apply our method to a large-scale purchase history dataset with almost 50,000 products and over 3 million shopping trips. We are able to identify the customers that are likely to purchase in the tail of the assortment, how this varies across product categories, and how tail purchases relate to purchases of other products in the assortment. These insights can be used to improve recommendations of tail products, facilitate navigation through the assortment, and inform assortment management decisions.

In modern retail contexts, retailers sell products from vast product assortments to a large and heterogeneous customer base. Understanding purchase behavior in such a context is very important. Standard models cannot be used due to the high dimensionality of the data. We propose a new model that creates an efficient dimension reduction through the idea of purchase motivations. We only require customer-level purchase history data, which is ubiquitous in modern retailing. The model handles large-scale data and even works in settings with shopping trips consisting of few purchases. As scalability of the model is essential for practical applicability, we develop a fast, custom-made inference algorithm based on variational inference. Essential features of our model are that it accounts for the product, customer and time dimensions present in purchase history data; relates the relevance of motivations to customer- and shopping-trip characteristics; captures interdependencies between motivations; and achieves superior predictive performance. Estimation results from this comprehensive model provide deep insights into purchase behavior. Such insights can be used by managers to create more intuitive, better informed, and more effective marketing actions. We illustrate the model using purchase history data from a Fortune 500 retailer involving more than 4,000 unique products.

Margherita Facella: La dinastia degli Orontidi nella Commagene ellenistico-romana. Pisa: Giardini Editori e Stampatori in Pisa 2006. 495 S. 65 Abb. (Studi Ellenistici. 17.) 165 €.

Selon diverses sources, telles les histoires destinees a la jeunesse ecrites pas les auteurs antiques, Cyrus le Grand, troisieme souverain du nom, passa une partie de sa vie a la cour royale des Medes. L'auteur de cette etude cherche a determiner les raisons de ce sejour prolonge.

The Eurasian perch, Perca fluviatilis, displays sexual growth dimorphism in which females grow significantly faster than males. In this species, the sex-determining mechanism is not yet described. In order to control sex by steroid treatment and to study the genetic sex-determining mechanism in Eurasian perch, the first step is to optimize sex reversal using steroids. A combination of three hormonal doses (40, 60 and 80 mg of 17α-methyltestosterone kg−1 diet), four initial body weights (43, 71, 150 and 205 mg) and two treatment durations (30 and 80 days) was tested in duplicate. Complete masculinisation (100% male progenies) occurred when the treatment was applied in fish initially ranging from 40 to 71 mg body weight. Treatment applied at a larger body weight (150 and 205 mg body weight) provided variable proportions of males with two testes (45–62%), females (0–29%), XX males with a single twisted testis (16–40%), fish with ovotestis (0–18%) and sterile fish (0–27%). The sperm of XX males, determined on the basis of gonad morphology (single twisted testis), was used to fertilize eggs. The resulting offspring displayed sex ratios ranging between 95% and 100% females, while the sex ratio of most XY male progenies did not differ significantly (P>0.05) from a 50:50 balanced sex ratio. These results suggest that a female homogamety (XX)–male heterogamety (XY) chromosomal system is primarily operating in Eurasian perch. Nevertheless, because some males arise from crosses with XX males, and because two populations resulting from normal crosses display a sex ratio significantly (P

The ambient temperature during early ontogeny affects the phenotypic sex of various fish species, including the Nile tilapia. Forty-seven groups of Nile tilapia (220 to 350 fish each) from 11 progenies were exposed to different rearing temperatures (20.4–39.0°C) during the first 28 days of exogenous feeding (50-l aquariums, 12L:12D, feeding ad libitum) to model the relationship between ambient temperature and (a) the reversal of phenotypic sex in this species, (b) fish growth and survival rates. The efficacy of the masculinising treatment was estimated with respect to the survival rates in the treatment and control groups (i.e., T ° of circa 27°C), and to their respective sex ratios, in order to take into account the possibility that mortality affected mainly females (minimum efficacy, E m i ) or males (maximum efficacy, E M i ), depending on ambient temperature, and parental influence. Ranges of masculinising efficacy were given by log-logistic equations ln( E m i (1− E m i ) −1 )=−27.495+0.757 T ° ( R 2 =0.548) and ln( E M i (1− E M i ) −1 )=−36.707+1.050 T ° ( R 2 =0.709). The corresponding temperatures giving a masculinising efficacy of 90% were 37.8°C and 39.2°C, for E M i and E m i , respectively. As a corollary, high percentage male progenies could only be obtained at very high temperatures, close to the upper incipient lethal temperature (UILT) of juvenile tilapia (38.5–39.0°C). During the treatment period, the survival and growth of fish reared at circa 37°C averaged 41.9% and 74.5% of those of fish reared at 27–33°C, resulting in a production loss of over 70%, which was not compensated after the temperature was returned to 27°C. These results suggest that the advantage of producing faster growing males of Nile tilapia at high temperature would hardly compensate the loss of production incurred during the masculinising treatment, unless after the selection of the most thermosensitive strains or breeders.

Being able to accurately predict what a customer will purchase next is of paramount importance to successful online retailing. In practice, customer purchase history data is readily available to make such predictions, sometimes complemented with customer characteristics. Given the large assortments maintained by online retailers, scalability of the prediction method is just as important as its accuracy. We study two classes of models that use such data to predict what a customer will buy next: A novel approach that uses latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA), and mixtures of Dirichlet-Multinomials (MDM). A key benefit of a model-based approach is the potential to accommodate observed customer heterogeneity through the inclusion of predictor variables. We show that LDA can be extended in this direction while retaining its scalability. We apply the models to purchase data from an online retailer and contrast their predictive performance with that of a collaborative filter and a discrete choice model. Both LDA and MDM outperform the other methods. Moreover, LDA attains performance similar to that of MDM while being far more scalable, rendering it a promising approach to purchase prediction in large assortments.

L'A. etudie l'armement et l'habillement des perses durant l'epoque achemenide. Il s'interesse aux formes et aux habits drapes. Il presente des couronnes de cuivre. Il reflechit sur l'image des iraniens durant cette periode en prenant comme base de travail les vases attiques a figures rouges. Des sculptures, des reliefs, des peintures provenant de differents sites: Suse, Persepolis... sont egalement utilises comme documents de reference

Anfange: Unter A. versteht man die Nutzung groser landwirtschaftlicher Flachen bei intensiver Bodenbearbeitung zur Gewinnung von Pflanzenertragen fur Nahrung, Kleidung und Futtermittel. Er nimmt mit der Seshaftwerdung spatmesolithischer Kulturen seinen Anfang: Alteste Pflanzenreste, die auf A. schliesen lassen, sind in Vorderasien im Gebiet des ›Fruchtbaren Halbmondes‹ aus der Zeit 8000 bis 6000 v.Chr. gefunden worden. Spater verfugten die mesopotamischen und agyptischen Hochkulturen schon uber einen entwickelten und spezialisierten A. Im griechisch-romischen Bereich schlieslich wird die Einfuhrung des A. durch die Sage in die Vorgeschichte (Geschenk der Demeter o. a. Gotter) verlegt, ist aber wohl im 4. Jahrtausend v.Chr. erfolgt. Die ersten archaologischen Befunde fur A. im griechischen Raum stammen jedoch aus der minoisch-mykenischen Epoche. In historischer Zeit ist der A. schlieslich unbestritten die wichtigste Grundlage der antiken Wirtschaft.

International audience

International audience; The evidence for Persian presence in Cyprus is limited and ambiguous: the Persian siege ramp and the Hadji Abdullah palace at Palaepaphos, and the palace of Vouni with its treasure, are the main elements to discuss. Persian influences on Cypriot civilization are linked to the circulation of Persian objects in the island (metal bowls, jewelry, seals), but they also follow more indirect paths, through the intermediation of close regions (Ionia, Phoenicia); the particular case of the assimilation of some Achaemenid high-status symbols (torque, “mitra”) seems connected in Cyprus to the legitimization of a common, pan-Cypriot model of kingship, especially represented in Salamis.