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O Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar tem o objetivo de fornecer refeições que promovam a saúde e a aprendizagem de estudantes de instituições públicas. Para isso, os processos de formação são imprescindíveis. Este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar a atuação profissional de manipuladores de alimentos escolares e avaliar a intenção de mudanças de ações no âmbito profissional visando otimizar as condições higiênico-sanitárias, de saudabilidade e de sustentabilidade da alimentação escolar proporcionada por uma intervenção educativa virtual em um município do estado de Minas Gerais. Realizou-se um estudo exploratório com os participantes de um curso de extensão no formato de workshop virtual com duração de 6h distribuídas em dois turnos. Foram enviados dois questionários estruturados, um anterior a ação para caracterização das condições e rotina de trabalho, e outro posterior, para avaliar a intenção de mudanças após a formação virtual. Como resultados, observou-se que 98,8% têm a intenção de continuar ou começar a adotar medidas para reduzir o desperdício de alimentos e recursos naturais e 96,5% afirmaram buscar seguir as normas para a adequada conduta diante de eventuais sobras de alimentos. Considerou-se, a formação como importante estratégia para melhorar o entendimento dos manipuladores sobre como seu trabalho é essencial para a promoção da saúde e sustentabilidade da alimentação escolar. Palavras-chave: Promoção de Saúde; Escola; Educação Alimentar e Nutricional; Educação à Distância Evaluation of a virtual training course with food handlers aimed at adequate, healthy, and sustainable school meals report Abstract: The National School Feeding Program aims to provide meals that promote the health and learning of students in public institutions. For this purpose, training processes are essential. This study aimed to characterize the professional performance of school food handlers and evaluate the intention to change actions in the professional scope to optimize the hygienic-sanitary, health, and sustainability conditions of school meals provided by a virtual educational intervention in a municipality in the state of Minas Gerais. An exploratory study was conducted with participants of an extension course in the format of a virtual workshop that lasted 6 hours and was spread over two sessions. Two structured questionnaires were sent, one before the action to characterize working conditions and routine and another afterward to assess the intention to change after the virtual training. As a result, it was observed that 98.8% intend to continue or start adopting measures to reduce food and natural resource waste, and 96.5% stated they seek to follow the norms for appropriate conduct in the face of any food leftovers. The training was considered an important strategy to improve food handlers' understanding of how their work is essential for promoting health and sustainability in school meals. Keywords: School Health Promotion; Food and Nutritional Education; Distance Learning

As ravinas são formas de erosão que contribuem para a perda e degradação do solo, especialmente em ambientes onde a sua conservação é difícil, como é o caso dos ambientes mediterrâneos. Por conseguinte, não é surpreendente que tenham sido feitos grandes esforços para compreender e quantificar os processos de erosão hídrica associada aos ravinamentos. O presente estudo tem como objetivo identificar os principais fatores que controlam a formação de ravinas no Centro de Portugal. Foram identificadas 38 ravinas, numa área de aproximadamente 11 km2, instaladas sobre mantos de alteração muito profundos. O comprimento médio, a largura máxima e a largura média das ravinas é de 105 m, 6,8 m e 3,8 m, respetivamente. A Análise de Grupos (AG) identificou dois grupos (Gr) de ravinas, diferenciados a partir de características morfológicas e geoambientais. O grupo Gr1 integra as ravinas maiores, localizadas em vertentes de maior declive. As ravinas Gr2 localizam-se a altitudes superiores e em vertentes de menor declive. A análise de componentes principais (ACP) identificou como principais fatores de controlo, o declive, o índice de rugosidade (IR) e a severidade do incêndio, ocorrido em 2017, após um ano. Dada a dimensão das ravinas e a probabilidade de incêndios florestais recorrentes afetarem a área de estudo, devem ser implementadas com urgência algumas práticas de controlo da erosão por ravinamento.

O estudo buscou compreender a atuação de alguns Conselhos de Alimentação Escolar (CAEs) municipais em Minas Gerais acerca da sustentabilidade no Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) e avaliar o impacto de uma formação virtual, utilizando-se da pesquisa-ação, conforme proposto por Thiollent. Os CAEs são formados por representantes da sociedade civil; trabalhadores da educação e discentes; pais de alunos e representante do poder executivo. Durante dois encontros de um workshop virtual, foram realizados grupos de discussões, sendo as falas gravadas, transcritas e submetidas à análise temática de conteúdo, proposta por Bardin. As hortas escolares e a articulação com instituições de assistência técnica foram citadas como oportunidades de promover a sustentabilidade no PNAE. A falta de apoio e de conhecimentos sobre alimentação e nutrição pela comunidade escolar foram destacados entre os desafios. Todos os CAEs relataram intenção de incluir a sustentabilidade no controle social do PNAE em seus municípios.

Abstract Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common sexually transmitted virus that can cause cervical cancer and other diseases. Dynamic transmission models (DTMs) have been developed to evaluate the health and economic impacts of HPV vaccination. These models typically include many parameters, such as natural history of the disease, transmission, demographic, behavioral, and screening. To ensure the accuracy of DTM projections, it is important to parameterize them with the best available evidence. This study aimed to identify and synthesize data needed to parametrize DTMs on the natural history of HPV infection and related diseases. Parameters describing data of interest were grouped by their anatomical location (genital warts, recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, and cervical, anal, vaginal, vulvar, head and neck, and penile cancers), and natural history (progression, regression, death, cure, recurrence, detection), and were identified through a systematic literature review (SLR) and complementary targeted literature reviews (TLRs). The extracted data were then synthesized by pooling parameter values across publications, and summarized using the range of values across studies reporting each parameter and the median value from the most relevant study. Data were extracted and synthesized from 223 studies identified in the SLR and TLRs. Parameters frequently reported pertained to cervical cancer outcomes, while data for other anatomical locations were less available. The synthesis of the data provides a large volume of parameter values to inform HPV DTMs, such as annual progression rates from cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1 to CIN 2+ (median of highest quality estimate 0.0836), CIN 2 to CIN 3+ (0.0418), carcinoma in situ (CIS) 2 to local cancer+ (0.0396), and regional to distant cancer (0.0474). Our findings suggest that while there is a large body of evidence on cervical cancer, parameter values featured substantial heterogeneity across studies, and further studies are needed to better parametrize the non-cervical components of HPV DTMs.

IntroductionInfections acquired during healthcare setting stay pose significant public health threats. These infections are known as Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAI), mostly caused by pathogenic bacteria, which exhibit a wide range of antimicrobial resistance. Currently, there is no knowledge about the global cleaning process of hospitals and the bacterial diversity found in ICUs of Brazilian hospitals contributing to HAI.ObjectiveCharacterize the microbiome and common antimicrobial resistance genes present in high-touch Intensive Care Unit (ICU) surfaces, and to identify the potential contamination of the sanitizers/processes used to clean hospital surfaces.MethodsIn this national, multicenter, observational, and prospective cohort, bacterial profiles and several antimicrobial resistance genes from 41 hospitals across 16 Brazilian states were evaluated. Using high-throughput 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and real-time PCR, the bacterial abundance and resistance genes presence were analyzed in both ICU environments and cleaning products.ResultsWe identified a wide diversity of microbial populations with a recurring presence of HAI-related bacteria among most of the hospitals. The median bacterial positivity rate in surface samples was high (88.24%), varying from 21.62 to 100% in different hospitals. Hospitals with the highest bacterial load in samples were also the ones with highest HAI-related abundances. Streptococcus spp., Corynebacterium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Bacillus spp., Acinetobacter spp., and bacteria from the Flavobacteriaceae family were the microorganisms most found across all hospitals. Despite each hospital particularities in bacterial composition, clustering profiles were found for surfaces and locations in the ICU. Antimicrobial resistance genes mecA, blaKPC-like, blaNDM-like, and blaOXA-23-like were the most frequently detected in surface samples. A wide variety of sanitizers were collected, with 19 different active principles in-use, and 21% of the solutions collected showed viable bacterial growth with antimicrobial resistance genes detected.ConclusionThis study demonstrated a diverse and spread pattern of bacteria and antimicrobial resistance genes covering a large part of the national territory in ICU surface samples and in sanitizers solutions. This data should contribute to the adoption of surveillance programs to improve HAI control strategies and demonstrate that large-scale epidemiology studies must be performed to further understand the implications of bacterial contamination in hospital surfaces and sanitizer solutions.

This study investigates an approach to temperature sensing by integrating Titanium Aluminum Nitride (TiAlN), originally engineered for wear and corrosion applications, as a temperature sensor within a multilayered thin film system. A nitride multilayer system was developed by physical vapor deposition (PVD) using a single four-target magnetron sputtering chamber; intermediate vacuum interruption steps were employed for masking procedures. The multilayer architecture design aimed to provide the sensor layer with mechanical protection and electrical shielding. Structural and electrical characterization of the TiAlN single layer revealed semiconductor behavior and stable electrical resistance up to 750 °C, with minimal signal stabilization requirements. Despite the higher Al content, the TiAlN temperature sensor exhibited a cubic crystal structure characterized by diffuse nanolayers, resulting from a two-fold rotational deposition and target configuration. A detailed examination of the multilayer system cross-section containing the TiAlN sensor was conducted using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). The analysis revealed its columnar morphology with the presence of typical PVD growth defects, including voids and droplets. While the presence of these defects may impact the electrical characteristics of the sensor, the selected experimental conditions effectively maintained the structural integrity of the multilayer system despite the vacuum interruptions caused by masking procedures. Validation experiments confirmed the functionality of the multilayer system for temperature measurements up to 400 °C. The signal acquisition system addressed room temperature resistance variations and low sensitivity (thermistor coefficient ∼100 K), resulting in a measured error of approximately 6%. This study demonstrates promising results of TiAlN as a temperature sensor within a multilayered system, expanding its range of potential applications.

The electrical characteristics and conduction mechanisms of ZrAlN thin films for their potential use as thermistor sensors were assessed. Various compositions of Zr1-xAlxN were synthesized by sputtering and studied up to 200 °C to understand their sensitivity and applicability. Among the compositions studied, the ones with x = 0.34 and x = 0.46 showed the highest sensitivities, reaching values close to 3000 K. However, the thermo-resistive properties exhibited by these compositions limited their utilization above 100 °C. Zr1-xAlxN film compositions with x higher than 0.46 showed amorphous structures and were found to be insulative. Composition with x = 0.26, within the cubic phase, showed the most promising electrical properties regarding temperature sensing in the studied range. XPS analysis of this composition confirmed the presence of Zr-N and Al-N bonds, with a Zr3+ oxidation state, which suggests the availability of a free electron contributing to the electrical conduction. Impedance measurements performed at different temperatures for this composition revealed the dominant role of the grain boundaries in the conduction mechanism, based upon electron hopping between grains, overcoming the energy barrier imposed by the grain boundaries. ZrAlN thin films demonstrate negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor behavior, expanding their applications beyond protective coatings to temperature monitoring.

Background: Systemic inflammatory responses mimicking infectious complications are often present in surgical patients. Methods: The objective was to assess the association between withholding early antimicrobial therapy while investigating alternative diagnoses and worse outcomes in nonseptic patients with suspected nosocomial infection in a retrospective cohort of critically ill surgical patients. The initiation of antibiotic therapy within 24 h of the suspicion of infection was defined as the Early Empirical Antibiotic strategy (EEA) group and the initiation after 24 h of suspicion or not prescribed was defined as the Conservative Antibiotic strategy (CA) group. Primary outcome was composite: death, sepsis, or septic shock within 14 days. Main exclusion criteria were sepsis or an evident source of infection at inclusion. Results: Three hundred and forty patients were eligible for inclusion (74% trauma patients). Age, sex, reason for hospital admission, SAPS3 score, SOFA score, and use of vasopressors or mechanical ventilation were not different between the groups. Within 14 days of inclusion, 100% (130/130) of EEA patients received antibiotics compared to 57% (120/210) of CA patients. After adjusting for confounding variables, there was no association between primary outcome and the groups. In a post hoc subgroup analysis including only patients with a posteriori confirmed infection (by microbiological cultures), delay in initiation of adequate antimicrobial therapy was independently associated with the primary outcome (Odds Ratio = 1.19 per day of delay; 95% CI 1.05–1.37). Conclusions: Withholding early empiric antibiotic therapy was not associated with progression of organ dysfunction within 14 days in nonseptic surgical patients with suspected nosocomial infection without an obvious source.

Abstract Introduction Shorter courses of antimicrobials have been shown to be non-inferior to longer, “traditional” duration of therapies, including for some severe healthcare-associated infections, with a few exceptions. However, evidence is lacking regarding shorter regimes against severe infections by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (MDR-GNB), which are often caused by distinct strains and commonly treated with second-line antimicrobials. In the duratiOn of theraPy in severe infecTIons by MultIdrug-reSistant gram-nEgative bacteria (OPTIMISE) trial, we aim to assess the non-inferiority of 7-day versus 14-day antimicrobial therapy in critically ill patients with severe infections caused by MDR-GNB. Methods This is a randomized, multicenter, open-label, parallel controlled trial to assess the non-inferiority of 7-day versus 14-day of adequate antimicrobial therapy for intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired severe infections by MDR-GNB. Adult patients with severe infections by MDR-GNB initiated after 48 h of ICU admission are screened for eligibility. Patients are eligible if they proved to be hemodynamically stable and without fever for at least 48 h on the 7th day of adequate antimicrobial therapy. After consenting, patients are 1:1 randomized to discontinue antimicrobial therapy on the 7th (± 1) day or to continue for a total of 14th (± 1) days. Planned Outcomes The primary outcome is treatment failure, defined as death or relapse of infection within 28 days after randomization. Non-inferiority will be achieved if the upper edge of the two-tailed 95% confidence interval of the difference between the clinical failure rate in the 7-day and the 14-day group is not higher than 10%. Conclusion The OPTIMISE trial is the first randomized controlled trial specifically designed to assess the duration of antimicrobial therapy in patients with severe infections by MDR-GNB. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05210387. Registered on 27 January 2022. Seven Versus 14 Days of Antibiotic Therapy for Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative Bacilli Infections (OPTIMISE).

Abstract Introduction Atopic dermatitis (AD) can require long-term therapy. Few real-world studies have evaluated long-term effectiveness from the patients’ perspective. The aim of this study was to evaluate patient-reported outcomes (PROs) during long-term dupilumab treatment. Methods Adults with moderate-to-severe AD who initiated dupilumab through the US manufacturer patient support program and participated in RELIEVE-AD (a prospective patient survey study with a 12-month follow-up) were recontacted 30–36 months post-initiation regardless of current dupilumab use. The online questionnaire consisted of PROs, including the Atopic Dermatitis Control Tool (ADCT), use of concomitant AD therapies, satisfaction with current therapy, global change in itch relative to before dupilumab initiation, non-itch skin symptoms (skin pain/soreness, hot/burning feeling, and sensitivity to touch), flares, Dermatology Life Quality Index, sleep problems, and the AD-specific Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire. Results Of 698 patients who initiated dupilumab (baseline) and were recontacted, 425 completed the 30–36-month survey. Significant reductions from baseline were reported in concomitant AD therapy use (P

BackgroundHalofuginone (PJS-539) is an oral prolyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitor that has a potent in vitro activity against SARS-CoV-2 virus. The safety and efficacy of halofuginone in Covid-19 patients has not been studied.MethodsWe conducted a phase II, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose ranging, safety and tolerability trial of halofuginone in symptomatic (≤ 7 days), mostly vaccinated, non-hospitalized adults with mild to moderate Covid-19. Patients were randomized in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive halofuginone 0.5mg, 1mg or placebo orally once daily for 10 days. The primary outcome was the decay rate of the SARS-CoV-2 viral load logarithmic curve within 10 days after randomization.ResultsFrom September 25, 2021, to February 3, 2022, 153 patients were randomized. The mean decay rate in SARS-CoV-2 viral load log10 within 10 days was -3.75 (95% CI, -4.11; -3.19) in the placebo group, -3.83 (95% CI, -4.40; -2.27) in the halofuginone 0.5mg group and -4.13 (95% CI, -4.69; -3.57) in the halofuginone 1mg group, with no statistically significant difference in between placebo vs. halofuginone 0.5mg (mean difference -0.08; 95% CI -0.82 to 0.66, p = 0.96) and between placebo vs. halofuginone 1mg (mean difference -0.38; 95% CI, -1.11; 0.36, p = 0.41). There was no difference on bleeding episodes or serious adverse events at 28 days.ConclusionsAmong non-hospitalized adults with mild to moderate Covid-19 halofuginone treatment was safe and well tolerated but did not decrease SARS-CoV-2 viral load decay rate within 10 days.

ABSTRACT Osseointegrable dental implants are biomaterials made of titanium or other alloys mixed with titanium, which have high biocompatibility and allow osseointegration. However, this process can be modulated by changes in the complex mechanisms between microbiota, immune response and host. The present study aims to present how the immune system-microbiota-host interaction influences the osseointegration process of titanium dental implants and its alloys. A literature review was performed through electronic and manual searches in several databases, including PubMed, LILACS, Google Scholar, SciELO and Web of Science for articles published in the last 20 years in English and Portuguese. The formation of a temporary fibrin matrix on the implants surface after implantation implies the recruitment, adhesion and activity of immune cells at this site, with the release of pro-inflammatory molecules and recruitment of neutrophils. In the second moment, monocytes and macrophages (M1) are recruited, producing, in this step, reactive oxygen species. In the later stage of inflammation, macrophages (M2) help in tissue regeneration with expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, the implants surface provides a site for microbial colonization mediated by salivary pellicle and topographical features. Thus, in symbiosis the modulation of the immune response will be favorable to osseointegration. However, the dysbiotic process exacerbates the inflammatory progression modulating the immune response influencing abnormal tissue healing or scar and fibrosis formation, compromising osseointegration. Different conditions of the subgingival microbiota will influence different immunological cascades, generating different cellular responses and positive or negative modulation of the osseointegration process.

Introduction SARS-CoV-2 has been identified as the cause of the disease officially named COVID-19, primarily a respiratory illness. COVID-19 was characterised as a pandemic on 11 March 2020. It has been estimated that approximately 20% of people with COVID-19 require oxygen therapy. Oxygen has been listed on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines List and Essential Medicines List for Children for almost two decades. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted, more than ever, the acute need for scale-up of oxygen therapy. Detailed data on the use of oxygen therapy in low-and-middle income countries at the patient and facility level are needed to target interventions better globally.Methods and analysis We aim to describe the requirements and use of oxygen at the facility and patient level of approximately 4500 patients with COVID-19 in 30 countries. Our objectives are specifically to characterise type and duration of different modalities of oxygen therapy delivered to patients; describe demographics and outcomes of hospitalised patients with COVID-19; and describe facility-level oxygen production and support. Primary analyses will be descriptive in nature. Respiratory support transitions will be described in Sankey plots, and Kaplan-Meier models will be used to estimate probability of each transition. A multistate model will be used to study the course of hospital stay of the study population, evaluating transitions of escalating respiratory support transitions to the absorbing states.Ethics and dissemination WHO Ad Hoc COVID-19 Research Ethics Review Committee (ERC) has approved this global protocol. When this protocol is adopted at specific country sites, national ERCs may make require adjustments in accordance with their respective national research ethics guidelines. Dissemination of this protocol and global findings will be open access through peer-reviewed scientific journals, study website, press and online media.Trial registration number NCT04918875.

Abstract In this study the spatial perceptions of students about the likelihood of natural and environmental risks were examined, considering both mainland Portugal and island of Madeira. It intends to understand how students perceived the risks, taking into account the causal attributions, future tendency, and the support from public entities, as well as the willingness of attitudinal changes with respect to mitigating and reducing risks. The results suggest that students have a relatively low perception of analysed risks, considering the risk of forest fires, heatwaves, air and water pollution, and floods the most likely to occur, mainly as a consequence of climate change intensification. Gender proved to be the variable with the greatest influence on perception, particularly in terms of risk occurrence and personal perception of risk. These results could be important for the improvement of strategies and resources to be applied in the educational context in order to reduce disaster risk and strengthen the resilience of the community at large.

O tema deste artigo é Alienação Parental e a Perspectiva da Mediação Judicial. Investigou-se o seguinte problema: existe interferência dos genitores e/ou responsáveis quando ocorre uma separação? Cogitou-se a seguinte hipótese, é público, notório e mais que evidenciado neste artigo que vários são os fatores que interferem no comportamento dos filhos. O objetivo geral é a conscientização dos genitores e familiares sobre a importância da comunicação não violenta e sem intenções negativas para os filhos, quando se falar no outro genitor, pois os efeitos deletérios são visíveis ao longo do tempo. Os objetivos específicos são: o foco do profissional na solução dos conflitos inerentes às questões psicossomáticas; a conscientização dos genitores na separação dos filhos de suas convicções conjugais na continuidade de convivência; e o impacto social benéfico quando são observados os detalhes científicos e técnicos da Alienação Parental com a mediação judicial. Este trabalho é importante para um operador do Direito pela grande demanda social e aspectos de cunho científico à parte da seara forense; para a ciência, é relevante por apesentar de forma objetiva e didática o que envolve o comportamento diante das emoções das partes; agrega à sociedade por esclarecer o porquê dos comportamos negativos, às vezes diante de situações inesperadas, que na verdade negligenciam um bem maior, os filhos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa teórica com duração de seis meses.

ABSTRACT Objective: COVID-19 has been associated with a significant burden to those who survive the acute phase. We aimed to describe the quality of life and symptoms of anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) at 90 days after hospital discharge of COVID-19 patients. Methods: Patients with COVID-19 admitted to a private hospital in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, between April of 2020 and April of 2021 were interviewed by telephone at 30 and 90 days after discharge to assess the quality of life and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and PTSD. Results: A total of 2,138 patients were included. The mean age was 58.6 ± 15.8 years, and the median length of hospital stay was 9.0 (5.0-15.8) days. Between the two time points, depression increased from 3.1% to 7.2% (p < 0.001), anxiety increased from 3.2% to 6.2% (p < 0.001), and PTSD increased from 2.3% to 5.0% (p < 0.001). At least one physical symptom related to COVID-19 diagnosis persisted in 32% of patients at day 90. Conclusions: Persistence of physical symptoms was high even at 90 days after discharge. Although the prevalence of symptoms of anxiety, depression, and PTSD was low, these symptoms persisted for three months, with a significant increase between the time points. This finding indicates the need to identify at-risk patients so that they can be given an appropriate referral at discharge.

Models for Visual Question Answering (VQA) on medical images aim to answer diagnostically relevant natural language questions with basis on visual contents. In this article, we propose a novel approach to address this problem, which combines a strong image encoder based on EfficientNetV2 with a multimodal encoder based on the RealFormer architecture. Our model is pre-trained through a strategy that includes a contrastive objective, and the final fine-tuning to the VQA task uses a loss function that specifically addresses class imbalance. The experimental results confirm the effectiveness of our approach on the VQA-Med dataset from ImageCLEF 2019, showcasing the potential benefits of combining multimodal pre-training with recent advances in terms of neural network architectures.

O que explica a saída forçada antes do término do mandato de presidentes democraticamente eleitos? O objetivo desse artigo é fazer uma revisão da literatura de remoção de presidentes, e discutir os pontos de convergência e divergência dessa literatura, que surgiu nos últimos 20 anos e vem ganhando cada vez mais importância com o surgimento de novos casos de líderes eleitos que saíram antes do esperado, especialmente na América Latina.

Remote sensing image captioning involves generating a concise textual description for an input aerial image. The task has received significant attention, and several recent proposals are based on neural encoder-decoder models. Most previous methods are trained to generate discrete outputs corresponding to word tokens that match the reference sentences word-by-word, thereby optimizing the generation locally at token-level instead of globally at sentence-level. This paper explores an alternative generation method based on continuous outputs, which generates sequences of embedding vectors instead of directly predicting word tokens. We argue that continuous output models have the potential to better capture the global semantic similarity between captions and images, e.g. by facilitating the use of loss functions matching different views of the data. This includes comparing representations for individual tokens and for the entire captions, and also comparing captions against intermediate image representations. We experimentally compare discrete versus continuous output captioning methods over the UCM and RSICD datasets, which are extensively used in the area despite some issues which we also discuss. Results show that the alternative encoder-decoder framework with continuous outputs can indeed lead to better results on the two datasets, compared to the standard approach based on discrete outputs. The proposed approach is also competitive against the state-of-the-art model in the area.

Em contraponto ao atual modo de produção capitalista, é possível observar o surgimento de práticas alternativas como o turismo de base comunitária, que tem como alicerces a integração com o local, o protagonismo comunitário, a autogestão e a cooperação. Os remanescentes de quilombos do Vale do Ribeira de São Paulo apostam nesse turismo como alternativa para seu desenvolvimento. Diante disso, o presente estudo objetiva abordar o turismo de base comunitária a partir da realidade dos remanescentes de quilombos do Vale do Ribeira paulista. Para tanto, a partir das abordagens qualitativa e de estudo de caso, foram analisados a página oficial do Circuito Quilombola e três documentos elaborados pelo Instituto Socioambiental. Esses documentos traduzem a realidade das comunidades ao longo dos anos e congregam ações relacionadas ao turismo. Os resultados apontaram que o turismo é trabalhado em conjunto com princípios da economia solidária nas comunidades em diversos processos, como na constatação do interesse na implementação do turismo, nas reflexões e nos debates comunitários, na inventariação dos patrimônios e na formação de redes entre comunidades. Como conclusões, é constatado o potencial transformador do turismo como estratégia para o desenvolvimento e sua eficiência para fortalecer a cultura de solidariedade, de cooperação e de autogestão. Observou-se que a economia solidária e o turismo são fatores que se fortalecem mutuamente nessas comunidades.

Abstract Objective Multiple factors have been identified as causes of intracranial compliance impairment (ICCI) among patients with obesity. On the other hand, obesity has been linked with worst outcomes in COVID‐19. Thus, the hypothesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) conducing to cerebral hemodynamic disorders (CHD) able to worsen ICCI and play an additional role on prognosis determination for COVID‐19 among obese patients becomes suitable. Methods 50 cases of SARS by COVID‐19 were evaluated, for the presence of ICCI and cerebrovascular circulatory disturbances in correspondence with whether unfavorable outcomes (death or impossibility for mechanical ventilation weaning [MVW]) within 7 days after evaluation. The objective was to observe whether obese patients (BMI ≥ 30) disclosed worse outcomes and tests results compared with lean subjects with same clinical background. Results 23 (46%) patients among 50 had obesity. ICCI was verified in 18 (78%) obese, whereas in 13 (48%) of 27 non‐obese (p = 0,029). CHD were not significantly different between groups, despite being high prevalent in both. 69% unfavorable outcomes were observed among obese and 44% for lean subjects (p = 0,075). Conclusion In the present study, intracranial compliance impairment was significantly more observed among obese subjects and may have contributed for SARS COVID‐19 worsen prognosis.

Fasceíte necrosante é uma infecção súbita dos tecidos moles que progride rapidamente para a síndrome da resposta inflamatória sistêmica (SIRS), sepse e morte. O tratamento é cirúrgico. A presente revisão de literatura tem como objetivo relatar um caso de fasceíte necrosante tipo I em um felino que sofreu trauma extenso por mordedura e expor os principais conceitos sobre fasceíte necrosante raramente abordados em Medicina Veterinária. O seguinte caso evoluiu para anemia inflamatória grave, comprometimento dos músculos e do rim direito. Os fatores predisponentes em felinos incluem imunossupressão, gatos positivos para vírus da imunodeficiência felina (FIV), Vírus da Leucemia viral felina (FELV) e uso de corticosteroides por longos períodos. A terapia cirúrgica imediata é o tratamento recomendado na fasceíte necrosante. Os principais agentes patológicos em gatos são Streptococcus canis e Estreptococcus sp do grupo G, Enterococcus e Escherichia sp e Pseudomonas sp, confirmados na cultura. O tratamento cirúrgico rápido e a antibioticoterapia adequada são essenciais para o sucesso do tratamento.

A Lei Geral do Turismo, Lei n.º 11.771/2008, é o marco normativo do turismo brasileiro. Dois projetos de lei (n.º 641/2011 e n.º 2.724/2015) propõem alterações à norma e à organização do turismo nacional. Com o objetivo de caracterizar a referida Lei e os projetos que buscam sua alteração, o artigo analisa, por meio de uma pesquisa descritiva, a Lei, os projetos e suas justificativas de alteração. O projeto n.º 641/2011 é uma proposta que busca punir meios de hospedagem que descumprirem o período de diária, enquanto o projeto n.º 2.724/2015 é um instrumento que estreita a relação entre os setores público e privado e aponta para a promoção de vantagens ao setor de negócios. Dada a relevância das alterações na Lei Geral do Turismo, argumenta-se a necessidade de ampliar o entendimento utilitário e econômico do turismo que aproxima a atividade principalmente aos interesses do setor privado.

In December 2019, a novel coronavirus was identified in Wuhan (China), from a cluster of patients with unexplained pneumonia and termed SARS-CoV-2, responsible for Coronavirus Disease (COVID)-19. Medical imaging modalities play an important role in the management of COVID-19 infection. Consequently, it is necessary to identify strategies and procedures for infection control in the medical imaging department. This document aims to present the standard operating procedures (SOPs) of radiology (RD) and nuclear medicine (NM) units and to provide information about the potential contribution of the medical imaging modalities in the present COVID-19 scenario. Chest Computed Tomography (CT) is considered the prime imaging tool for COVID-19 diagnosis and follow-up. Chest X-ray (CXR), with less accuracy, seems to be an important tool, in particular where mobility is an issue. Likewise, first reports have been published on the specific potential value of 18F-FDG PET (fluorodeoxyglucose) (positron emission tomography) imaging, predominantly related to incidental findings with ground-glass opacities and matched FDG uptake.

Os edulcorantes fornecem sabor doce aos alimentos, sendo utilizados para substituir a sacarose e diminuir o valor calórico. O acessulfame de potássio, aspartame, ciclamato de sódio, sacarina, sucralose e neotame são os edulcorantes artificiais regulamentados no Brasil pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA). O consumo destes aditivos tem se tornado controverso em função de recentes evidências científicas questionando sua segurança e os desfechos acerca da perda de peso, disbiose da microbiota intestinal, resistência à insulina, diabetes e câncer. Ainda hoje, pouco se sabe sobre as consequências do seu consumo a longo prazo. Portanto o presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão sobre os edulcorantes artificiais regulamentados no Brasil, contextualizando seu marco regulamentar, as implicações tecnológicas referente à sua utilização e os efeitos à saúde. Considerando os desfechos controversos acerca do consumo de muitos edulcorantes artificiais e a longa data em que os respectivos níveis de ingestão diária aceitável foram publicados, o seu consumo não deveria ser incentivado, ficando restrito aos grupos populacionais que apresentem necessidade fisiológica ou metabólica para a substituição da sacarose. Ainda para estes casos, seria interessante a diversificação entre alimentos contendo os diferentes edulcorantes (ou de adoçantes de mesa), a fim de se amenizar possíveis efeitos crônicos à saúde. Novos estudos com metodologias mais robustas são necessários para embasar as revisões das avaliações de segurança de cada edulcorante artificial.

This paper considers the problem of robust recursive estimation for discrete-time Markovian jump linear systems in both weighted and probabilistic data fusion scenarios. The problem is stated in terms of the optimization of an appropriate quadratic functional in a data fusion scenario. The estimates presented here were developed based on systems with more than one measurement equation. Numerical examples are presented to verify the effectiveness of proposed algorithms.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar os processos de racionalização das práticas farmacêuticas nos colégios jesuíticos situados numa fração da América portuguesa. Estes processos têm início com a fundação das boticas jesuíticas, a partir de 1670, e seu desenvolvimento, até 1759, assim como com a designação de agentes especializados no estudo dos simples e na confecção de medicamentos que seriam vendidos ou doados para as comunidades que constituíam a sociedade portuguesa nos trópicos. Ocupamo-nos desse processo precisamente no interior do âmbito jurisdicional do ‘Estado do Brasil’. Buscamos compreender, pelo estudo dos ‘Catálogos breves e trienais da Companhia de Jesus’ – documentação administrativa da ordem que tinha por finalidade informar os gerais dos diferentes núcleos de atividades dispostos na América e dos diferentes indivíduos residentes em cada um desses espaços –, quantas boticas jesuíticas existiam nos colégios da Companhia de Jesus do Brasil, quem foram os boticários que ali trabalharam produzindo medicamentos, como esses profissionais obtiveram a sua formação manual pelo estudo de suas trajetórias, que tipo de medicamento foi ali produzido e, sobretudo, inventado e, por fim, qual a importância dessa produção para o sustento econômico dos padres na Província do Brasil.

The research area of the present study was the municipality of Paraúna, Goiás state, Brazil, in the mesoregion of Southern Goiás, Vale do Rio dos Bois microregion. Paraúna stands out for its great tourist potential, having various tourist attractions such as the geological structure Ponte de Pedra, the mountains Serra do Galés and Serra da Portaria, among others. The State Park of Paraúna, created by the law-decree Nº 5.568 of March 18th, 2002, is also part of this municipality. This study aimed to analyze and discuss the geodiversity based on geology and geomorphology of Paraúna. The term geodiversity consists of a variety of landscapes, geological environments, rocks, soils, fossils, minerals and other surface deposits that support life on Earth. We identified and mapped seven Geodiversity sites in the northern region of Paraúna municipality.

A abordagem institucional tem suas origens relacionadas à Teoria dos Sistemas, em que a organização é percebida com um sistema aberto que se relaciona com o ambiente, e a Teoria Contingencial, em que o ambiente determina a estrutura a ser adotada na organização. Desta forma, fica evidente a influência do ambiente na organização e no indivíduo. A perspectiva institucional busca identificar como estes se comportam para que haja uma conformidade de ideias, valores e procedimentos aceitáveis no segmento de atuação. A Teoria Institucional iniciou-se com os estudos funcionalistas de Robert Merton sobre a dinâmica da mudança social. Percebe-se a vinculação da Teoria Institucional com o paradigma funcionalista de Burrel e Morgan (1979), quando ela privilegia as análises da organização com seu ambiente institucional. Por isso o presente artigo propõe uma análise da Teoria Institucional, utilizando-se da Teoria de Desconstrução de Derrida. Após uma revisão de literatura relacionada a temas como institucionalização, mudança organizacional, esquemas interpretativo e, isomorfismos, percebeu-se a necessidade de rever e aprofundar os estudos acerca da Teoria Institucional, pois ainda é evidente a carência de métodos de pesquisa bem estabelecidos e conceito- -chave bem definidos.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Underwater endoscopic mucosal resection (UEMR) has emerged as a revolutionary method allowing resection of colorectal lesions without submucosal injection. Brazilian literature about this technique is sparse. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was evaluate the efficacy and safety of UEMR technique for removing non-pedunculated colorectal lesions in two Brazilian tertiary centers. METHODS: This prospective study was conducted between June 2016 and May 2017. Naïve and non-pedunculated lesions without signs of submucosal invasion were resected using UEMR technique. RESULTS: A total of 55 patients with 65 lesions were included. All lesions, except one, were successfully and completely removed by UEMR (success rate 98.5%). During UEMR, two cases of bleeding were observed (3.0%). One patient had abdominal pain on the day after resection without pneumoperitoneum. There was no perforation or delayed bleeding. CONCLUSION: This study supports the existing data indicating acceptable rates of technical success, and low incidence of adverse events with UEMR. The results of this Brazilian study were consistent with previous abroad studies.

As áreas portuárias são centros de atividades econômicas e também grandes geradoras de impactos ao meio ambiente. Nestas, ocorrem várias fontes de emissão de poluentes para a atmosfera. As consequências na saúde da população local, devido à grande emissão de poluentes no ar são diversas, e consistem no maior risco ambiental a saúde humana atualmente. Paranaguá tem sua economia baseada na atividade portuária, sendo o porto de Paranaguá um dos mais importantes do Brasil e o maior exportador de grãos da América Latina. Neste estudo, foi utilizado um equipamento chamado de APV (Amostrador de Pequeno Volume) para avaliação das concentrações de amônia (NH3) e dióxido de nitrogênio (NO2) e um AGV (Amostrador de Grande volume) para a avaliação de material particulado em suspensão (PTS). O monitoramento da qualidade do ar foi realizado ao longo de 12 meses. A média anual para dióxido de nitrogênio, amônia e Partículas totais em suspensão ficou no entorno de 12,9 ± 7,41 µg/m3, 3,61 ± 3,82 µg/m3 e 73,91 μg/m³ ± 36,71 μg/m³ respectivamente. Os dados foram relacionados com variáveis climática e de tráfego rodoviário, utilizando-se para isto o software estatístico R. As médias anuais dos poluentes amostrados foram comparadas aos resultados obtidos em pesquisas ao redor do mundo, identificando valores similares ou superiores aos de localidades mais populosas ou com intensas atividades antrópicas.

Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks disrupt servers, services and the network, overloading the target resources and denying normal traffic. In order to defend from this attack, mitigation actions usually overprovision and sinkhole malicious traffic. Sooner the attack is detected, better is the mitigation. Hence, we advocate for using a prediction technique aiming to anticipate actions against the possible attack, before it effectively starts. Then, this article contributes to advance the state-of-the-art presenting a distributed architecture that identifies early signals of a possible DDoS attack and detects bots composing a botnet. The architecture identifies the malicious actors (bots) participating in the attack. The bot detection technique is triggered by the prediction of DDoS supported by early signals. Prediction identifies signals of attack on the network before it reaches advanced stages. Based on the metastability theory, it provides unsupervised statistical learning and identifies the imminence of DDoS attacks. The botnet detection is challenging because of the high dimension of data involved and because of resource constraints (memory and processing) in network devices. Network devices are clustered based on features extracted from the traffic and based on the causality between devices. Detection is performed per cluster. Performance evaluations took as input the CTU-13 Czech Republic University, CAIDA and Botnet 2014 datasets, efficiently detecting the bots in the dataset with an accuracy of 99.9%.

O presente artigo relata as aprendizagens oriundas de um curso de formação de curta duração sobre a linguagem corporal de movimento e a Educação Infantil. Objetivou socializar os saberes e fazeres docentes para organizar a proposição de atividades lúdicas corporais em práticas pedagógicas. Conduzido por professores de Educação Física para pedagogas, a formação resultou na vivência de atividades e momentos de compreensão da linguagem corporal aliada à ludicidade, além de reflexões sobre como torná-la mais significativa nas intervenções pedagógicas. A análise da formação revelou o apreço das participantes em reconhecer as potencialidades das brincadeiras no desenvolvimento das crianças. Conclui-se com reflexões em torno das práticas pedagógicas de caráter lúdico que possam ser usufruídas na infância. Ademais, com percepções sobre o modo como ocorre a formação inicial e continuada de pedagogos para o trato pedagógico da motricidade infantil, que prescinde ações diferenciadas e contextualizadas ao perfil docente que lida com a infância. Palavras-chave: Formação docente. Educação física escolar. Pedagogia. Educação infantil. ABSTRACT This article reports the learning from short duration training about movement body language and the children education. It aimed to socialize the teacher’s knowledge and skills to organize the proposition of body playful activities in the pedagogical practices. From Physical Education teachers to educators, the training showed the practice of activities and created comprehension of body language combined with playfulness, as well as reflections on how to make it more meaningful in pedagogical interventions. The training analyzes showed the participants’ appreciation for recognizing the potential of play in children’s development. It ended with reflections on the playful pedagogical practices that can be enjoyed in childhood. Moreover, it was finished with perceptions about the way of educator’s basic training and continued education for acting children’s motricity, that require differentiated and contextualized actions to the childcare workers profile. Keywords: Teacher training. School physical education. Pedagogy course. Children education.

ABSTRACT Ischemia-reperfusion injury is a pathophysiological event occuring after abdominal organ transplantation, and has a significant influence on prognosis and survival of the graft. It is involved in delaying the primary function or non-functioning of the graft. The objective of this study was to provide information on heat shock protein mechanisms in ischemia-reperfusion injuries in abdominal organ transplantations, and to indicate the possible factors involved that may influence the graft outcome. Several classes of heat shock proteins are part of the ischemia and reperfusion process, both as inflammatory agonists and in protecting the process. Studies involving heat shock proteins enhance knowledge on ischemia-reperfusion injury mitigation processes and the mechanisms involved in the survival of abdominal grafts, and open space to support therapeutic future clinical studies, minimizing ischemia and reperfusion injuries in abdominal organ transplantations. Expression of heat shock proteins is associated with inflammatory manifestations and ischemia-reperfusion injuries in abdominal organ transplantations and may influence graft outcomes.

Background and study aims Patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are at risk of a second primary tumor in the gastrointestinal tract, most commonly in the esophagus. Screening these patients for esophageal carcinoma may help detect asymptomatic dysplasia and early cancer, thus allowing curative treatment and more prolonged survival, but the impact of endoscopic screening remains uncertain. Here we aimed to describe the long-term results of an esophageal SCC screening program in patients with head and neck cancer in terms of prevalence, associated risk factors, and survival. Patients and methods We performed an observational study of a prospectively collected database including patients with HNSCC who had undergone high-definition endoscopy with chromoscopy between 2010 and 2018 at a Brazilian tertiary academic center. Results The study included 1,888 patients. The esophageal SCC prevalence was 7.9 %, with the majority (77.8 %) being superficial lesions. Significant risk factors for esophageal high-grade dysplasia (HGD) and invasive cancer included tumors of the oral cavity and oropharynx and the presence of low-grade dysplasia (LGD). Overall survival (OS) was significantly shorter among patients in whom esophageal cancer was diagnosed at an advanced stage (P

O estudo buscou compreender a forma como o setor empresarial do fitness brasileiro, representado pela ACAD e sistema CONFEF/CREFs agiram em meio à pandemia da COVID-19. Para tanto, foram realizadas leitura e análise crítica das revistas da ACAD, cuja temática era a pandemia da COVID-19, bem como os materiais publicados no sítio eletrônico do sistema CONFEF/CREFs que tratavam desse assunto. Os organismos representantes da burguesia do fitness agiram incessantemente na pandemia da COVID-19, articulando-se junto aos poderes executivos e legislativos em todos os níveis para reabrirem esses espaços, logrando êxito em suas ações para a manutenção de seus lucros. Destaca-se o protagonismo do sistema CONFEF/CREFs no asseguramento da abertura das academias de ginástica no âmbito dos estados, municípios e Distrito Federal, com base na falácia da atividade física como propagadora da saúde mesmo em meio à pandemia, por meio de uma visão eugênica e higienista.

OBJETIVO: Identificar os domínios motivacionais que exercem influência para prática de exercício físico em mulheres com sobrepeso participantes de um programa de exercícios físicos sistematizados durante 45 dias. MÉTODO: Participaram 26 mulheres adultas com sobrepeso, com idade de 35±4,83 anos, residentes na cidade de Catalão - GO. Foram incluídas mulheres que apresentaram uma participação assídua no referido projeto, durante 45 dias, com a frequência de cinco vezes/semana, durante uma hora. Como instrumentos de coleta de dados utilizou-se um roteiro de anamnese e o Inventário IMPRAF-126. Os dados foram analisados quantitativamente, mediante demonstração de gráficos, frequência relativa e absoluta. RESULTADOS: Os domínios “Saúde”, “Estética” e “Prazer” motivaram “muitíssimo” as participantes a envolverem-se assiduamente no Programa de Exercícios Físicos. O domínio “Controle do Estresse” apresentou divergência de opiniões, contudo aliviar a angústia e a ansiedade motivaram “muitíssimo” as participantes a permanecer no programa. De outra parte, os domínios “Competitividade” e “Sociabilidade” foram apontados como elementos que causaram “pouquíssima” motivação na busca pelo programa. CONCLUSÃO: Os domínios Saúde, Estética e Prazer representaram os reais domínios de motivação apresentados pelas mulheres com sobrepeso participantes do estudo, indicando a consciência das participantes em relação à importância dessas atividades para a promoção da saúde, melhora estética e ainda, houve prazer em realizá-las.

IntroductionResearchers display an interest in studying aspects like the mental health of high-performance athletes; the dark side of sport, or the earliest attempts to study the so-called dark triad of personality in both initiation and high-performance athletes. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to determine the possible existence and magnitude of negative psychological aspects within a population of competition sailors and from a probabilistic point of view, using Bayesian Network analysis.MethodsThe study was carried out on 235 semi-professional sailors of the 49er Class, aged between 16 and 52 years (M = 24.66; SD = 8.03).ResultsThe results show the existence of a Negative Tetrad-formed by achievement burnout, anxiety due to concentration disruption, amotivation and importance given to error-as a probabilistic product of the psychological variables studied: motivation, anxiety, burnout and fear of error.ConclusionThese results, supported by Bayesian networks, show holistically the influence of the social context on the psychological and emotional well-being of the athlete during competition at sea.

A Área Metropolitana do Porto (MAP) localiza-se no litoral norte de Portugal e caracteriza-se por um conjunto complexo de dinâmicas que fazem com que o espetro de riscos existentes acompanhe essas mesmas dinâmicas. Com o objetivo de avaliar a forma como a população perceciona o risco e a sua comunicação, e compreender os fatores que mais determinam essa perceção, foi aplicado um questionário intitulado "Perceção de Risco na Área Metropolitana do Porto (MAP)" a 128 sujeitos. A análise de variância (ANOVA) foi realizada com o intuito de identificar os fatores primários associados à perceção do risco. Foram também avaliadas as diferenças entre vários grupos sob o mesmo fator explicativo. Os resultados sugerem que o nível de escolaridade e a idade dos inquiridos determinam significativamente a perceção do risco, evidenciando também diferenças significativas entre os grupos no modo como percecionam a comunicação do risco. Neste sentido, a eficácia da comunicação do risco deve considerar, para além do contexto sociocultural, as características especificas da população, em particular alguns fatores como a idade, o género e a educação. Espera-se que os resultados possam contribuir para políticas mais eficazes de comunicação dos riscos, bem como, do desenvolvimento de estratégias de gestão de risco.

Ações de educação em saúde em grupo apresentam vantagens em relação às intervenções individualizadas. A educação alimentar e nutricional realizada em grupos possui baixo custo de operacionalização, ampla abrangência, contribui com o fortalecimento de redes sociais, além de ser um método efetivo de promoção da saúde. No entanto, é necessário conhecer os participantes, a fim de que as intervenções possam ser orientadas. Nesse sentido, o objetivo desse estudo foi caracterizar o perfil socioeconômico, padrão de consumo alimentar e o estado nutricional de participantes de uma ação de educação alimentar e nutricional em grupo. Trata-se de um estudo seccional realizado com 26 indivíduos matriculados em uma Universidade Aberta à Pessoa Idosa. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de questionários socioeconômico, inquéritos dietéticos e avaliação antropométrica. Os resultados indicaram que a população estudada apresenta renda mensal e escolaridade superior à média da população brasileira, elevada frequência de inadequação quanto a distribuição dos macronutrientes, em especial, de lipídios (n=13); elevada frequência de ingestão aumentada de ácidos graxos saturados (n=16), trans (n=14) e de sódio (n=9); elevado número de participantes consumindo fibras alimentares (n=18) e cálcio abaixo (n=23) do preconizado; e inadequação para a ingestão de vitamina D (n=26). Houve predomínio de sobrepeso, risco cardiovascular e frequência acima de 35% de situação de atenção para a redução de massa muscular. A realização desta pesquisa permitiu entender o contexto social dos participantes e identificar as necessidades nutricionais, norteando a escolha de temas e as metodologias para as ações de educação alimentar e nutricional em grupo.

O presente artigo tem como propósito mostrar que em Para Além de Bem e Mal o projeto nietzscheano de crítica do conhecimento só pode ser realizado após uma reformulação completa da noção de verdade. Nesse sentido, a partir da apresentação do primeiro aforismo de BM, indicaremos que, para estruturar seu pensamento perspectivista, Nietzsche necessitou: (i) Implodir a noção de verdade que desde a Antiguidade amparava as produções filosóficas. (ii) Expor, em seguida, sua maneira própria de entender a verdade como um produto de vontades.

OBJECTIVES: Strategic planning for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) care has dominated the agenda of medical services, which have been further restricted by the need for minimizing viral transmission. Risk is particularly relevant in relation to endoscopy procedures. This study aimed to describe a contingency plan for a tertiary academic cancer center, define a strategy to prioritize and postpone examinations, and evaluate the infection rate among healthcare workers (HCWs) in the endoscopy unit of the Cancer Institute of the State of São Paulo (ICESP). METHODS: We created a strategy to balance the risk of acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and to mitigate the effects of postponing endoscopic procedures in oncological patients. A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data on all endoscopies between March and June 2020 compared with those during the same period in 2019 was carried out. All HCWs were interviewed to obtain clinical data and SARS-CoV-2 test results. RESULTS: During the COVID-19 outbreak, there was a reduction of 55% in endoscopy cases in total. Colonoscopy was the most affected modality. The total infection rate among all HCWs was 38%. None of the senior digestive endoscopists had COVID-19. However, all bronchoscopists had been infected. One of three fellows had a serological diagnosis of COVID-19. Two-thirds of all nurses were infected, whereas half of all technicians were infected. CONCLUSIONS: In this pandemic scenario, all endoscopy services must prioritize the procedures that will be performed. It was possible to maintain some endoscopic procedures, including those meant to provide nutritional access, tissue diagnosis, and endoscopic resection. Personal protective equipment (PPE) seems effective in preventing transmission of COVID-19 from patients to digestive endoscopists. These measures can be useful in planning, even for pandemics in the future.

On many occasions, the maximum result of a team does not equate to the total maximum individual effort of each athlete (social loafing). Athletes often combine their sports life with an academic one (Dual Career), prioritizing one over the over in a difficult balancing act. The aim of this research is to examine the existence of social loafing in a group of novice university rowers and the differences that exist according to sex, academic performance, and the kind of sport previously practiced (individual or team). Therefore, a study was conducted from a probabilistic perspective using the Bayesian Network analysis methodology. The results confirm the existence of the Ringelmann effect or social loafing. The Bayesian analysis let us confirm that having a good student who practices a team sport, even in the individual rowing concept, increases the probability of obtaining greater performance (higher number of strokes and more power in each one). Therefore, when rowing partnerships are formed, the occurrence probability chain is quickly simplified, along with values of the top and bottom variables. Finally, the instantiations undertaken on the bottom variable that appears to be common in the two BNs, the watt input, enhance the results obtained. In short, rowers who have a better academic record are more involved in team testing, so this characteristic is defining when it comes to achieving better performance in team testing.

A pedido do rei português D. João V, o Vice-Rei do Brasil, Vasco Fernandes César de Meneses, erige uma academia de historiadores responsável por coletar informações sobre os domínios americanos da coroa portuguesa. A Academia Brasílica dos Esquecidos, organizada no ano de 1724 em Salvador, Bahia, contou com a presença de letrados que fizeram, naquele momento, a vez de intelectuais. Dentre eles, o chanceler do Tribunal da Relação da Bahia, Caetano de Brito e Figueiredo, foi o responsável pela elaboração de uma dissertação e respeito da natureza – geografia, céu, clima e zoologia – brasileira em que dispôs de novos elementos culturais fundamentados pela cultura das escolas jesuíticas espalhadas pelo território brasileiro. Com base no estudo da Dissertação de história natural do jurista lisboeta do tribunal brasileiro observaremos a singularidade e a novidade da cultura científica presente naquele lugar de saber da Bahia setecentista.

É reconhecida há muito a importância que as observações de cometas tiveram no debate cosmológico na época do Renascimento e inícios da Idade Moderna. De uma forma geral, defende-se que o recurso crescente a técnicas matemáticas na observação astronômica de cometas –em particular, a técnica da paralaxe – pôs à disposição novos dados que foram decisivos para a defesa de modelos cosmológicos alternativos inspirados no resurgimento renascentista das filosofias neoplatonica e estóica, contribuindo, deste modo, para a recusa da cosmovisão aristotélica. Contudo, estudos de caso têm demonstrado a capacidade do Aristotelismo renascentista em conviver de forma convincente com as “novas” evidências astronômicas e seus argumentos matemáticos. Neste artigo pretende-se demonstrar o importante papel que os diferentes sistemas filosóficos tiveram no debate matemático sobre cometas. Ele centra-se na controvérsia sobre o cometa de 1618 em Portugal e, em particular, na polêmica que opôs, de forma impetuosa, os matemáticos portugueses Manuel Bocarro Francês e Mendo Pacheco de Brito. Apesar de ambos estarem de acordo sobre a importância da matemática no estudo da cosmologia, Bocarro Francês e Pacheco de Brito defendiam posições bem diferentes no que toca à cosmologia, demonstrando, desta forma, a diversidade e a heterogeneidade que caracterizava o meio intelectual português.