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Polygonatum punctatum Royle ex Kunth is a high-value medicinal plant found in old natural forests. A phytochemical study on the roots of this plant led to the isolation of seven new steroidal saponins including four furostans (1-4) and three furospirostans (5-7). Their structures were elucidated as (25R)-26-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-furost-5-ene-3β,17α,22α,26-tetraol 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β-D-galactopyranoside (1), (25R)-26-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-furost-5-ene-3β,14α,17α,22α,26-pentaol 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β-D-galactopyranoside (2), (25R)-26-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-furost-5-ene-22α-methoxy-3β,17α,26-triol 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β-D-galactopyranoside (3), (25R)-26-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-furost-5-ene-22α-methoxy-3β,17α,26-triol 3-O-[α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)]-[acetoxy-(→ 6)]-β-D-galactopyranoside (4), 26-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-14α,17α-dihydroxynuatigenin 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β-D-galactopyranoside (5), 26-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-17α-hydroxynuatigenin 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β-D-galactopyranoside (6), and 26-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-14α-hydroxynuatigenin 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β-D-galactopyranoside (7) by extensive spectroscopic analyses, including infrared, high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Compounds 1-7 inhibited nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide activated RAW264.7 cells with IC

Phytochemical study on the methanol extract of the stems and leaves of Kadsura induta led to the isolation of six dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans, including three new compounds named kadsindutalignans A–C (1–3), and three known ones, heteroclitalignan B (4), kadsuphilin C (5) and kadsulignan E (6). Their structures were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic analyses, including HRESIMS, 1D- (1H NMR and 13C NMR), 2D-NMR (HSQC, HMBC, 1H-1H COSY and NOESY), and experimental circular dichroism (CD) spectra. All the isolates inhibited NO production in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells with IC50 values in the range from 5.67 ± 0.54 µM to 38.19 ± 2.03 µM, compared to that of the positive control of NG-monomethyl-L-arginine acetate (L-NMMA) with an IC50 value of 8.90 ± 0.48 µM. Interestingly, the new compound 2 showed potential inhibition of NO production with an IC50 value of 5.67 ± 0.54 µM, which was higher than that of the positive control.

Five new dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans isolated from the stems of Kadsura induta. Their anti-inflammatory activities were studied by molecular docking and inhibition of NO production in LPS activated-RAW264.7 cells.

Alkaloids are among the most important and best-known secondary metabolites as sources of new drugs from medicinal plants and marine organisms. A phytochemical investigation of whole Crinum asiaticum var. sinicum plants resulted in the isolation of seven alkaloids (1–7), including one new compound (1). Their structures were elucidated using NMR and HR-ESI-MS. The absolute configuration of 1 was established by ECD. A molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation was carried out for the isolated compounds to screen for acetylcholine (AChE) inhibitory activity. The target compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on AChE activity in vitro. The results suggest that these C. asiaticum alkaloids possess the ability to treat Alzheimer’s disease.

A phytochemical investigation of the methanolic extract of aerial parts of the Acanthus ilicifolius led to the isolation of two new lignan glycosides, acaniliciosides A and B (1 and 2), together with ten known compounds (3-12). The structures of isolated compounds were elucidated based on HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data. The absolute configurations of two new compounds were established by CD spectra. With the exception of compound 12, other compounds inhibited NO production in LPS activated RAW264.7 cells with IC50 values of 2.14-28.18 µM, as potent as that of the positive control of NG-monomethyl-L-arginine acetate (L-NMMA, IC50 of 32.50 µM). In addition, compounds 5-8 showed cytotoxic effects against SK-LU-1 and HepG2 cell lines with the IC50 values ranging from 16.48 to 76.40 μM compared to the positive control (ellipticine) with the IC50 values ranging from 1.23 to 1.46 μM.

Five undescribed oleanane triterpene glycosides named chryroxosides A–D (1–5), together with five known compounds (6–10) were isolated from the leaves of Chrysophyllum roxburghii G.Don. Their chemical structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic data analyses including IR, HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR). Compounds 1, 3, and 5 showed cytotoxic effects against KB, HepG2, HL60, P388, HT29, and MCF7 cell lines with the IC50 values ranging from 14.40 to 52.63 μM compared to the positive control compound (ellipticine) with the IC50 values ranging from 1.34 to 1.99 μM.

One new indol, N-methoxymethyltryptophol (1), one new phenolic, (2 R)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoate (2) and fifteen known compounds (3–17) were isolated from the methanol extract of the fermentation of marine microalgae Aurantiochytrium sp. SC145. Their structures were elucidated by 1D-, 2D-NMR spectroscopic analysis, HR-ESI-MS, quantum chemical calculation methods and by comparing their NMR data with those reported in the literature. All compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial activities against microorganisms. Compounds 2, 3 and 11 significantly exhibited antimicrobial activities on all tested Gram-(+), Gram-(-) bacteria and the yeast C. albicans with MIC values ranging from 32 to 256 µg/mL.

A new megastigmane glycoside, (3

Phytochemical investigation of methanol extract from

Using combined chromatographic methods, two new triterpenoid glycosides, bacopasaponin K (

Seven known lignans, tortoside A (1), (+)-syringaresinol (2), (+)-medioresinol (3), (+)-pinoresinol (4), (+)-lyoniresin-6-yl β-D-glucopyranoside (5), (-)-lyoniresinol 3α-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6), and (-)-lyoniresinol (7) were isolated from the leaves of Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) R.Br. ex Schult. Their structures were identified on the basis of spectroscopic evidence and in comparison with those reported in the literature. All compounds were reported from G. sylvestre for the first time.

Six triterpene glycosides including four new ones, chenoalbumosides A–D (1-4), and two known triterpene glycosides, chikusetsusaponin IVa (5) and ginsennoside Ro (6), were isolated from the aerial parts of Chenopodium album Linn (Chenopodiaceae). Their structures were determined by extensive analyses of HR-ESI-MS and NMR spectral data. The cytotoxic activity of compounds 1-6 were evaluated against HT-29, SW480, AGS, and MKN7 cell lines. Unfortunately, our results indicated that none of these compounds were potential cytotoxic agents, showing IC50 values over 50 μM.

Two new merosesquiterpenes, hippomeroterpenes A and B (1 and 2), and four known compounds langconol B (3), 20-demethoxy-20-methylaminodactyloquinone D (4), smenospongidine (5), and smenospongic acid (6) were isolated from the sponge Hippospongia fistulosa. Their structures were determined by extensive analyses of HR ESI MS and NMR spectral data. At concentration of 100 μM, compounds 1-6 exhibited weak cytotoxic effects on Hep-G2, MCF-7, SK-LU-1, and SK-Mel-2 human cancer cells with percentages of dead cells ranging from 8.3 ± 0.3%–36.3 ± 1.5 %.

Three new p-coumaroyl flavone glycosides, named fissibicosides A–C (1-3), together with four known flavone glycosides kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranoside (4), kaempferol 3-O-α-apiofuranosyl-(1→2)-β-galactopyranoside (5), kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (6), and quercetin 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (7) were isolated from the leaves of Fissistigma bicolor. Their structures were determined by HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic methods. Compounds 1-7 inhibited the NO productions in LPS stimulated RAW264.7 cells with IC50 values ranging from 54.5 ± 5.8–78.8 ± 5.9 μM.

The first chemical study of the whole

One new phenylpropanoid glycoside, tinosinen A (

Four new

Three new xanthones, garcicowanones C-E (

Four new dihydrostilbene glycosides, assastilbosides A–D (1-4), along with seven known compounds, 5,4′-dihydroxydihydrostilbene 3-O-β- d -glucopyranoside (5), 3,5-dihydroxydihydrostilbene 4′-O-β- d -glucopyranoside (6), 3,5-dihydroxydihydrostilbene 4′-O-[6′′-O-(4′′′-methoxy)galloyl]-β- d -glucopyranoside (7), 3,5-dimethoxydihydrostilbene 4′-O-α- l -rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β- d -glucopyranoside (8), (­)-epicatechin (9), (­)-epicatechin 3-O-gallate (10), and (-)-epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate (11) were isolated from methanol extract of the leaves of Camellia sinensis var. assamica (J.W.Mast.) Kitam. Their structures were elucidated by HR-ESI-MS, 1D- and 2D-NMR spectra and compared with NMR data in the literature. In addition, all isolated compounds were screened by α-glucosidase assay. Compounds 10 and 11 showed significant inhibitory α-glucosidase with IC50 values of 18.3 ± 1.1 and 21.9 ± 0.8 μM, respectively.

Four new aaptamine alkaloids, named as 9-methoxy-N-demethylaaptanone (1), 3,5-dicarbomethoxy-1,​6-​naphthyridine (2), aaptosvanphongs A and B (3 and 4), and three known aaptamine alkaloids as 2-methoxy-3-oxoaaptamine (5), 8,9,9-trimethoxy-9H-benzo[de][1,6]-naphthyridine (6), and demethyl(oxy)aaptamine (7) were isolated from the sponge Aaptos by various chromatographic methods. Their structures were established by extensive spectroscopic analyses (HR-ESI-MS, 1 D and 2 D NMR) and by comparison of the spectral data with those reported in the literature. Compounds 1-7 significantly showed cytotoxic effects against SK-LU-1, MCF-7, HepG2, and SK-Mel-2 cell lines with IC50 values in range from 7.7 ± 0.8 to 51.4 ± 1.8 µM. Among them, compound 7 exhibited the most cytotoxic activity with corresponding IC50 values of 9.2 ± 1.0, 7.8 ± 0.6, 8.4 ± 0.8, and 7.7 ± 0.8 µM.

Three new bis-trinorcadalenes, bistrinorcadintermes A–C (1-3) along with seven known compounds, parvifloral D (4), parvifloral E (5), parvifloral C (6), hymexelsin (7), scopoletin (8), scopolin (9), and hibiscolactone A (10) were isolated from the aerial parts and radix of Decaschistia intermedia Craib. Their chemical structures were determined based on spectroscopic methods, including 1D, 2D NMR, MS, and experimental CD spectra. All compounds were evaluated for their α-glucosidase inhibitory effects. Compounds 1, 5, and 8 showed moderate α-glucosidase inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 45.6 ± 4.2, 43.7 ± 3.6, and 43.7 ± 3.6 μg/mL, respectively. Compounds 2-4 and 10 showed weak α-glucosidase inhibitory activities with IC50 values ranging from 87.5 ± 6.3 to 219.8 ± 4.9 μg/mL.

Sarcopenia is having a serious impact on highly aged populations. A Japanese traditional medicinal remedy containing Schisandra fruits and Astragalus roots recently showed effective treatment of sarcopenia and thus needed to be investigated further. This current study selected Schisandra cauliflora fruits for investigation of their chemical constituents and evaluation of their antisarcopenia effects. Dried S cauliflora fruits were ultrasonically extracted with methylene chloride. This extract was purified by a combination of chromatographic techniques. The isolated compounds were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, electronic circular dichroism, and high resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry methods. Antisarcopenia activities of the isolated compounds were evaluated by their effects on the viability and proliferation of C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. Seven dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans, including 2 that had been previously undescribed, cauliflorins A and B (1 and 2), ananolignan C (3), 6- epi-ananolignan D (4), ananolignan F (5), ananonin H (6), and ananonin J (7) were isolated from the methylene chloride extract of the fruits of S cauliflora. The C2C12 cells treated with compounds 1-7 (5 µM) exhibited proliferation in the range of 75.7% ± 7.4% to 98.2% ± 11.7%, compared to 100.0% ± 6.0% of the untreated cells. Two previously undescribed and 5 known dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans were isolated from S cauliflora fruits. All the isolated compounds were inactive on the proliferative enhancement of C2C12 skeletal muscle cells.

Three undescribed dihydrostilbene glycosides, 3,5-dihydroxyldihydrostilbene 4'-O-[6''-O-(4'''-hydroxylbenzoyl)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), 3,5-dihydroxyldihydrostilbene 4'-O-(6''-O-galloyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), and 3,5-dihydroxyldihydrostilbene 4'-O-[6''-O-(3''',4'''-dimethoxyl)galloyl]-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), and seven known compounds, kaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), isoquercitrin (5), kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnoside (6), quercitrin (7), (6S,9R)-roseoside (8), (-)-epicatechin 3-O-gallate (9), and (-)-epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate (10) have been isolated from the methanol extract of the leaves of Camellia sinensis var. assamica (J.W.Mast.) Kitam. (synnonym of Camellia assamica (Mast.) H.T.Chang) (Theaceae). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods (1 D-, 2 D-NMR) and mass spectra. All compounds were evaluated for cytotoxic activity against human oral cancer (CAL27) and human breast cancer (MDAMB231) cell lines. Compound 10 showed significant cytotoxic activity against CAL27 and MDAMB231 cell lines with IC50 values of 9.78 ± 0.25 and 3.27 ± 0.18 μM, respectively, compared to those of positive control, capecitabine (IC50 values of 8.20 ± 0.75 and 5.20 ± 0.89 μM).

Three new glycosides, named as saurobaccioside A (1), saurobaccioside B (2), saurobaccioside C (3), together with five known magastigmanes, canangaionoside (4), (6S,9S)-roseoside (5), cucumegastigmane I (6), icariside B5 (7), linarionoside A (8) were isolated from the whole plant of Sauropus bacciformis (L.) Airy Shaw. Their structures were established by extensive spectroscopic analysis (UV, IR, HR-ESI-MS and NMR) and by comparison of the spectral data with those reported in the literature. The absolute configurations of compounds 2 and 3 were elucidated by experimental CD spectra. Compounds 1-8 were screened their cytotoxic activities towards CAL27 and MDAMB231 cancer cell lines. Compound 1 exhibited significant cytotoxic activity towards CAL27 and MDAMB231 cell lines with IC50 values of 3.21 ± 0.23 and 4.75 ± 0.17 µM, respectively, which were smaller than those of positive control capecitabine (IC50: 8.20 ± 0.75 and 5.20 ± 0.89 µM). Other compounds (2-8) were inactive.

Two new compounds, schisandrulata A (1) and schisandrulata B (5), and nine known compounds, 6-O-benzoylgomisin O (2), kadsutherin (3), γ-schizandrin (4), pinotatol (6), schisphentetralone A (7), (–)-8′-epi-aristotetralone (8), (–)-8,8′-epi-aristotetralone (9), rel-(8R,8′R)-dimethyl-(7S,7′R)-bis(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)tetrahydrofuran (10) and (-)-machilusin (11) were isolated from the leaves of Schisandra perulata Gagnep. Their chemical structures were determined by means of HR-ESI-MS, NMR, and CD spectra. All the compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against the human oral cancer (CAL27) and human breast cancer (MDA-MB231) cell lines. Compounds 1, 4, 7, and 9 showed potent cytotoxic activity against CAL27 cell line with IC50 values of 1.8 ± 0.2, 1.2 ± 0.1, 1.2 ± 0.2, and 2.0 ± 0.1 μM, respectively, indicating that they have stronger cytotoxic activity than that of the positive control capecitabine (IC50 value of 8.20 ± 0.75 μM). Similarly, compounds 1, 4, 7, and 9 also exhibited potent activity against the MDA-MB231 cell line with IC50 values of 3.5 ± 0.1, 1.80 ± 0.2, 0.9 ± 0.2, and 3.4 ± 0.3 μM, respectively. These results indicated that compounds 1, 4, 7, and 9 could be potential anticancer reagents for further drug discovery research.

Two new cadinane sesquiterpenes, cadinoschanes A and B (1 and 2), one new norlignan, lignanoschane A (6) along with seven known compounds, hibiscone B (3), 7β-O-β-glucopyranosyl bombaxone (4), 2,7β,8β-trihydroxy trans-calamenene 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), clemastanin A (7), (−)-3,4,3′,4′-tetrahydroxy-9,7′β-epoxylignano-7β,9′-lactone (8), N-trans-feruloyl tyramine (9), and methyl (3R)-3-[(3R)-3-{(3R)-3-hydroxybutanoyloxy} butanoyloxy} butanoate (10) were isolated from Abelmoschus moschatus subsp. tuberosus (Span.) Borss. Waalk. Their structures were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic methods, including 1D, 2D NMR and MS data and comparing experimental CD with theoretical CD calculations. Compounds 3 and 9 showed significant α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 121.7 ± 3.9 and 4.3 ± 0.5 μg/mL, respectively, compared to those of a positive control, acarbose with IC50 value of 183.5 ± 12.2 μg/mL.

Two new sucrose derivatives, named as cannadica A (1) and cannadica B (2), and eight known compounds, 6′-O-acetyl-3-O-(E)-p-coumaroylsucrose (3), heterophylloside C (4), 6′-O-vanilloylarbutin (5), isotachioside (6), 2,6-dimethoxy-p-hydroquinone 1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7), 3,5-dimethoxy-p-hydroquinone 1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (8), benzyl glucoside (9), and 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (10) were isolated from the roots of Canna indica L. by various chromatographic methods. Their structures were established by extensive spectroscopic analysis (UV, IR, HR-ESI-MS and NMR) and by comparison of the spectral data with those reported in the literature. Compounds 1-10 were evaluated their antioxidant activity by peroxyl radical absorbance capacity assay. Compounds 4 and 5 exhibited the most peroxyl radical absorbance capacity. At concentration of 1 µM, their ORACROO* values were 4.86 ± 0.39 and 3.11 ± 0.26, respectively, fold-up to that of trolox as an internal standard.

Three new furostane saponins, ramofurosides A-C (1-3), and two known saponins, fistulosaponin B (4) and (25R)-26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-1β,3β,26-trihydroxyfurosta-5,20(22)-diene-1-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranoside (5) were isolated from the methanol extract of Allium ramosum seeds. Their structures were identified based on spectroscopic evidence and comparison with those reported in the literature. All compounds were evaluated for reduction of lipid accumulation in HepG2 cell lines. As a result, compounds 1 and 3 showed a significant reduction in total lipid content by 27.93±3.05 and 27.54±1.68 %, respectively, at a concentration of 100 μM.

Two new compounds named trigoflavidus A (1) and trigoflavidus B (2), and eight known compounds, trigoflavidone (3), heterophypene (4), howpene C (5), 3,4-seco-sonderianol (6), trigonochinene C (7),...

Two new norlignans, pouzolignan N (1) and pouzolignan O (2), together with five known norlignans, pouzolignan F (3), pouzolignan G (4), pouzolignan H (5), pouzolignan L (6), and gnetifolin F (7) were isolated from the aerial parts of Pouzolzia sanguinea (Blume) Merr. Their chemical structures were elucidated via HR-ESI-MS and NMR spectroscopic methods. Absolute configurations at stereocenters were confirmed by comparisons of CD spectra with those of TD-DFT calculations. Compounds 1–6 exhibited chemical structures unique to Pouzolzia species. At a concentration of 30 µM, compounds 1–7 exhibited weak cytotoxic activity toward CAL27 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines (cell viability from 65.3 ± 0.86 to 98.8 ± 1.23%). They also inhibited anoctamin-1 activity with inhibitory rates from 8.1 ± 0.87 to 24.3 ± 1.41%.

Three new pregnane glycosides namely volubilosides D-F (1–3) along with three known, dregeoside Da1 (4), volubiloside A (5), and drevoluoside N (6) were isolated from the methanol extract of the leaves of Dregea volubilis using combined chromatographic methods. Their structures were elucidated by 1D-, 2D-NMR, and HR-ESI-MS spectra and comparing with those reported in the literature. Compounds 5 and 6 showed the most significant α-glucosidase inhibitory activity at the concentration of 40 μM with inhibition of 51.3 ± 3.2% and 50.4 ± 3.1%, respectively, compared to acarbose (59.8 ± 1.6%).

Using various chromatographic methods, two new sucrose esters, karensucrose A (1) and karensucrose B (2), one new xanthone, karenxanthone (7) along with eight known compounds, 3-(E)-3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamoyl-6′-benzoylsucrose (3), tricornose B (4), glomeratose C (5), tenuifoliside C (6), 1,7-dihydroxyxanthone (8), 1-methoxy-7-hydroxyxanthone (9), 1,7-dimethoxy-6-hydroxyxanthone (10), and wubangziside B (11) were isolated from the roots of Polygala karensium Kurz (Polygalaceae). Their chemical structures were elucidated using spectroscopic and chemical methods and compared with the reported literature. All isolated compounds were evaluated for cytotoxic activity against two human cancer cell lines, human breast cancer (MCF7) and human prostate cancer (PC3) using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Mitoxantrone was used as a positive control with IC50 values of 9.7 ± 1.2 μM (MCF7) and 7.4 ± 1.3 μM (PC3). As the results, compound 8 showed cytotoxic activity on MCF7 and PC3 cancer cell lines with IC50 values of 26.2 ± 2.1 and 22.1 ± 1.7 μM, respectively.