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Copyright of Social Psychology / Psihologie Socială is the property of Alexandru Ioan Cuza University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

40 potsherds and five other fired clay fragments from the prehistoric site of Nova Nadezhda in Bulgarian Thrace were analysed by archaeometric techniques. Twenty sherds and a daub fragment were analysed in thin section by optical microscopy; these thin sections, and thick sections of a further 24 sherds were also analysed by SEM-EDX. Results were used to describe the Early Neolithic chaîne opératoire at Nova Nadezhda, which was then compared to pottery production in roughly contemporaneous Starčevo-Criş communities in the central Balkans, to shed light on the Neolithisation process that took place in the 6th millennium BC. A variety of ceramic recipes was used to make different vessel shapes. Analyses of surface coatings were particularly enlightening in terms of provenance and the organisation of pottery production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bereits während des Spätneolithikums wurden im Balkanraum verschiedene Arten von Befestigungsanlagen entwickelt, deren Zahl während der Kupferzeit deutlich zunimmt. Der Zuwachs an befestigten Siedlungen verläuft zeitlich parallel zur Entwicklung der Metallwaffen und zeigt Konzentrationen in denjenigen Gebieten, in denen auch die meisten frühen Kupferwaffen auftreten. Die Herausbildung von befestigten Siedlungen kann somit höchstwahrscheinlich als Reaktion auf die sozialen und technologischen Entwicklungen während des 5. Jahrtausends v. Chr. in Südosteuropa angesehen werden. Bislang von der Forschung wenig beachtet sind einige Tellsiedungen mit Steinmauern und Toranlagen, von denen in diesem Beitrag exemplarisch die Befestigung von Sušina in Nordostbulgarien vorgestellt wird. Die befestigten Siedlungen der Kupferzeit im Balkanraum können neben der Entwicklung der Metallurgie und dem Auftreten eines stark differenzierten Bestattungsrituals als weiteres Anzeichen für die starke gesellschaftliche Stratifizierung angesehen werden. Darüber hinaus bieten Funde von Gewaltopfern, Kampfspuren an den Befestigungsanlagen und ein besonderer Umgang mit menschlichen Skelettelementen zusätzliche Hinweise auf das Gewaltpotenzial dieser Zeit. Already during the Late Neolithic period, various types of fortifications were developed in the Balkans, the number of which increased significantly during the Copper Age. The increase of fortified settlements runs parallel to the development of metal weapons and shows concentrations in those areas where most early copper weapons occur. The emergence of fortified settlements is therefore likely to be in response to social and technological developments during the 5th millennium BC in southeastern Europe. So far little attention has been paid to research on tell settlements with stone walls and gates, of which this article presents an example of the fortification of Sushina in northeastern Bulgaria. The fortified settlements of the Copper Age in the Balkan region can be seen as a further indication of the strong social stratification in addition to the development of metallurgy and the appearance of a highly differentiated burial ritual. Furthermore, finds of victims of violence, traces of battle at the fortifications and a special handling of human skeletal elements provide additional evidence of the violence potential of this time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: L'étude porte sur l'inobservation du salaire minimum dans dix pays d'Europe centrale et orientale dotés de cette institution. Les auteurs estiment la fréquence et la gravité des infractions à partir des données de l'EU‐SILC (2003–2012), en reprenant la méthode de Bhorat, Kanbur et Mayet (2013). Ils tiennent compte dans leurs régressions des caractéristiques individuelles, des caractéristiques de l'emploi et des données macroéconomiques. Les infractions restent relativement peu fréquentes mais touchent d'abord les groupes que les politiques de salaire minimum devraient protéger. Par ailleurs, la hausse du rapport entre salaire minimum et salaire moyen dans le temps s'accompagne d'une hausse de la fréquence des infractions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In our study, we adopt a comparative-longitudinal perspective on the gender division of housework before and after the birth of the first child, exploiting the first two waves of the Gender and Generation Survey and comparing three countries belonging to different gender and welfare regimes (i.e. Bulgaria, France and the Netherlands). We find that childrearing everywhere triggers a re-traditionalisation, generating a more inegalitarian gender division of housework, yet with interesting differences across countries. Fixed-effect regression analyses of the pooled data show that changes when becoming parents are less pronounced in France with respect to Bulgaria and the Netherlands, more pronounced when she is low-educated. Moreover, when countries are analysed separately, it emerges that it is only in the Netherlands that traditionalisation around first childbirth is significantly lower in couples where the woman is middle- and high-educated compared to those where she is low-educated. Economic, cultural and institutional contexts do matter. Traditionalisation and within-couples polarisation is weaker in contexts where non-traditional attitudes are widespread, social policies are more defamilialising and more explicitly addressed also to men, and where part-time is not the main reconciliation strategy, as in France. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Clio. Femmes, Genre, Histoire is the property of Belin Editeur and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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This article investigates the production of textiles in Thrace during the first millenniumbc. It presents a functional analysis of textile-production tools from three towns in Thrace: Koprivlen, Adzhiiska Vodenitsa near Vetren, and Seuthopolis, and from Kastanas in Macedonia. The analysis shows that over the course of the Iron Age, textile production became more diversified and intensive. This process unfolded parallel to the emergence of opulent elite burials and urban communities. By examining a wider range of archaeological, iconographic, and textual data, the article contributes to our understanding of how the demand for textiles, and their consumption in different socially meaningful ways, connects to changes in production. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Copyright of Cahiers Elisabethains: A Biannual Journal of English Renaissance Studies is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Zusammenfassung: Grubengräber mit spezifischen Bestattungssitten, die in Grabhügeln im Balkan- und Karpatengebiet ausgegraben wurden, werden seit langem der Jamnaja-Kultur zugeschrieben. Die Gräber der Jamnaja-Kultur sind zwischen 3100 und 2500 v. Chr. (kalibriert) vor allem in der osteuropäischen Steppenzone zwischen den Ostkarpaten und dem südlichen Uralvorland verbreitet. Das Auftreten von vergleichbaren Grabanlagen westlich dieser Hauptverbreitungszone wurde immer wieder mit Migrationen aus der Steppe erklärt, deren Verlauf sehr unterschiedlich gedeutet wurde. Seit der umfassenden Studie von I. Panajotov ist die Zahl an archäologisch untersuchten Grabhügeln im heutigen Bulgarien angewachsen, so dass die darin freigelegten Grubengräber neu bewertet werden können. Insgesamt 162 Gräber weisen charakteristische Kennzeichen auf, die es erlauben, sie der Jamnaja-Kultur zuzuordnen. Sie lassen sich in drei regionale Gruppen im Nordwesten, Nordosten und im Süden des heutigen Bulgariens unterteilen. Eine Serie von 14C-Daten zeigt, dass die Gräber in den drei Regionen zwischen 3100 und 2500 cal BC angelegt wurden, was für eine Zuwanderung über einen längeren Zeitraum hinweg spricht. Insbesondere in Thrakien belegt die Beigabe von Gefäßen aus dem lokalen Kulturmilieu in den Bestattungen der Jamnaja-Kultur einen intensiven Kontakt der Zuwanderer mit der Bevölkerung, die dort in den Tellsiedlungen lebte. Die Steinstelen und die Ausstattung der Verstorbenen in den westpontischen Grabkomplexen mit Spiralringen sind Attribute, wie sie aus Bestattungen der Jamnaja-Kultur im nordwestlichen Schwarzmeerraum überliefert sind. Daher wird diese als Herkunftsregion der vermutlich eher kleineren Populationsgruppen diskutiert, die über mehrere Jahrhunderte hinweg in das heutige Bulgarien einwanderten. Soweit die immer noch nur auf Gräbern beruhende Quellenlage überhaupt verlässliche Rückschlüsse zulässt, ergibt sich ein Bild kommunikativer Prozesse, die zwischen der lokalen und der zugewanderten Bevölkerung stattfanden. Die in der Forschung wiederholt beschworene Überlegenheit seitens der Steppenbewohner ist in den Befunden nirgends zu erkennen. Résumé: Les tombes à fosses avec rites funéraires spécifiques fouillées dans les Balkans et la région des Carpates ont depuis longtemps été attribuées à la culture Yamna. Ces sépultures, qui datent entre environ 3100 et 2500 cal BC, sont réparties avant tout dans la zone des steppes d'Europe orientale, entre les Carpates et les régions limitrophes de l'Oural du sud. La présence de tombes semblables à l'ouest de cette zone a été considérée à maintes reprises comme preuve d'une immigration de populations venant des steppes, bien que les modalités de cette immigration aient été interprétées de manières diverses. Depuis la parution des travaux exhaustifs d'I. Panajatov, le nombre de tumuli fouillés sur le territoire de la Bulgarie moderne s'est accru, ce qui nous permet de réévaluer les tombes à fosses qu'ils contenaient. En tout 162 tombes exhibent des traits caractéristiques de la culture Yamna. Elles peuvent être classées en trois groupes répartis sur le nord-ouest, le nord-est et le sud de la Bulgarie actuelle. Une série de dates radiocarbone indique que les tombes à fosses de ces trois régions ont été établies entre 3100 et 2500 cal BC, ce qui laisse penser à une migration sur une durée prolongée. Le fait que des vases de production locale appartenant à une culture indigène aient été inclus dans le mobilier des sépultures Yamna en Thrace suggère que des contacts étroits existaient entre les immigrants et la population autochtone qui à cette époque habitaient des tells. Les stèles en pierre et la présence d'anneaux en spirale dans le mobilier des ensembles funéraires à l'ouest du Pont-Euxin sont des traits qui surviennent dans les sépultures de la culture Yamna du nord-ouest de la Mer Noire. Cette constatation forme le point de départ d'une discussion qui cherche à déterminer la zone d'origine de groupes (vraisemblablement plus petits) qui auraient émigré en Bulgarie actuelle au cours de plusieurs siècles. Les données à notre disposition - uniquement funéraires - suggèrent que nous avons affaire à des processus de communication entre les populations indigènes et immigrantes. Il n'existe aucune preuve archéologique étayant la thèse si souvent réitérée d'une domination des peuplades venant des steppes. Abstract: Pit graves with evidence of specific burial rites excavated in the Balkans and the Carpathians have long been attributed to the Yamnaya culture. These burials, dated to between 3100 and 2500 cal BC, are mainly distributed in the eastern European steppe zone between the eastern Carpathians and the area bordering the southern Urals. The presence of similar burials west of this zone has repeatedly been taken to be evidence of migration out of the steppes, although its course has been interpreted in a number of ways. Since I. Panayotov's comprehensive study of these burials, the number of burial mounds excavated in present-day Bulgaria has grown, which makes it possible to re-examine the pit burials within them. A total of 162 graves possess characteristic traits of the Yamnaya culture. They can be divided into three regional groups, in the northwest, north-east and south of present-day Bulgaria. A series of 14C determinations dates the establishment of the pit graves in all three regions to between 3100 and 2600 cal BC, which suggests that migrations took place over an extended period. In particular the custom of including vessels belonging to an indigenous culture among the grave goods of the Yamnaya burials in Thrace suggests that there were close contacts between the immigrants and the local population that lived in tell settlements. Stone stelae and the inclusion of spiral rings among the grave goods of the western Pontic burial complexes are traits that have been recorded in the burials of the Yamnaya Culture in the north-western Black Sea zone. This forms the starting point of a discussion examining the area of origin of presumably smaller population groups that migrated to present-day Bulgaria over several centuries. As far as the evidence - which still relies on burials only - allows, it appears that we are dealing with processes of communication between the local and the immigrant population. There is no archaeological evidence for the dominance of the steppe people repeatedly cited in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zusammenfassung: Es werden die Ergebnisse der Ausgrabung an einem Grabhügel 'Lozianska Mogila' in den Jahren 2007 und 2009 vorgestellt. Insgesamt 21 Gräber wurden darin entdeckt, die sich auf drei stratigraphische Schichten verteilten. Der erste Hügel barg zehn Bestattungen, die in die frühe Bronzezeit datieren. Vier Gräber wurden während der mittleren Bronzezeit in diesen Hügel eingelassen. Über sie wurde eine weitere, die zweite Aufschüttung errichtet. In sie wurden die weiteren sechs mittelbronzezeitlichen Gräber eingetieft. Eine längere Zeit wurde der Grabhügel danach nicht mehr belegt. Erst in der Eisenzeit wurde ein weiteres Grab errichtet, das mit einer dritten und letzten Aufschüttung überdeckt wurde. Jede Bestattung wird innerhalb eines Kataloges in dem Artikel beschrieben. Die Kennzeichen der Bestattungssitten und der Grabkonstruktionen werden zusammen mit den Beigaben getrennt für die frühe und die mittlere Bronzezeit besprochen. Von besonderem Interesse ist die 14C-Datierung für Grab 14. Die ermittelte kalibrierte Zeitspanne 2888-2676 cal BC passt mit der archäologischen Einordnung der Bestattungen in die Frühbronzezeitstufe II (gemäß der in Bulgarien eingeführten relativen Chronologie) zusammen. Gesondert diskutiert wird das jüngste Grab in dem Hügel, das anhand von Analogien im südlichen Bulgarien in die erste Hälfte des 4. Jh. v. Chr. datiert wird. Résumé: Cet article présente les résultats de fouilles entreprises en 2007 et 2009 dans le tumulus de « Lozianska Mogila » sur le territoire de la Bulgarie moderne. Vingt-etune sépultures et trois niveaux stratigraphiques ont été découverts. Le tumulus le plus ancien contenait dix sépultures du Bronze Ancien. Quatre sépultures du Bronze Moyen ont été insérées dans ce tumulus. Un second niveau a recouvert ces quatre sépultures et six autres sépultures du Bronze Moyen ont taillé ce niveau. Une sépulture datant de l'âge du Fer fut ajoutée après une longue période d'abandon et ensuite recouverte d'une troisième et dernière couche de terre. Chaque ensemble funéraire fait l'objet d'une description détaillée et les aspects caractéristiques des sépultures du Bronze Ancien et Moyen, leur construction, les rites funéraires ainsi que l'inventaire du mobilier sont présentés. Une datation radiocarbone obtenue pour la tombe no. 14 est d'intérêt particulier : une date de 2888-2676 cal BC nous permet de l'attribuer à la phase Bronze Ancien II (en termes de chronologie relative bulgare). Nous accordons aussi une attention particulière à la dernière sépulture du tumulus, datée de la première moitié du IVe siècle av. J.-C. sur la base de trouvailles semblables en Bulgarie méridionale. Abstract: The results of excavations in 2007 and 2009 of the 'Lozianska Mogila' barrow in present-day Bulgaria are presented here. Twenty-one graves were discovered in the barrow and a stratigraphic sequence of three layers was observed. The earliest barrow contained ten graves dated to the Early Bronze Age. Four burials of the Middle Bronze Age were dug into this early tumulus. A second layer was then heaped on these four graves and six other graves dating to the Middle Bronze Age were cut into it. After a longer period of disuse another grave was built in the Iron Age and then covered by the third and last layer. The article contains a detailed description of each grave complex. Characteristic aspects of the burial rites and grave construction as well as the inventory of the Early and Middle Bronze Age complexes are discussed in turn. The radiocarbon date obtained for grave no. 14, with a time span of 2888-2676 cal BC is of particular interest and corresponds to its archaeological attribution to the Early Bronze Age II (in terms of Bulgarian relative chronology). Special attention is also given to the latest grave in the barrow, which parallels in southern Bulgaria would date to the first half of the 4th century BC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zusammenfassung: Im Rahmen einer Pilotstudie wurden fünf menschliche Skelette aus dem Grabhügel Lozianska Mogila nahe des heutigen Dorfes Bojanovo, Bulgarien, für Multi-Isotopenanalysen (87Sr/86Sr, δ18O, δ13C, δ15N) ausgewählt. Die Bestattungen datieren in die Früh- und Mittelbronzezeit. Einige der frühbronzezeitlichen Individuen zeigten Übereinstimmungen mit einem Bestattungsritual, welches für die Jamnaja- oder Grubengrabkultur charakteristisch ist. Die Ergebnisse der Strontium- und Sauerstoffisotopenanalysen am Zahnschmelz der untersuchten Skelette verweisen auf einen erhöhten Grad an Mobilität, der entweder als Indikator für Migrationen oder als Hinweis auf kleinräumige Bewegungen zwischen verschiedenen regionalen Siedlungen verstanden werden kann. Sie sind jedoch kein Beleg für Migrationen aus den osteuropäischen Steppenregionen, wie auf Basis des archäologischen Materials möglicherweise vermutet. Die Ergebnisse der Kohlenstoffund Stickstoffisotopenanalysen sind relativ konsistent. Sie sind als charakteristisch für eine Ernährung anzusehen, die vornehmlich auf C3-Nahrungsressourcen basiert mit einem geringen Einfluss an C4-Nahrungskomponenten. Résumé: Cinq squelettes humains provenant du tumulus funéraire de Lozianska Mogila près de Boyanovo en Bulgarie ont été sélectionnés pour une étude-pilote d'isotopes multiples (87Sr/86Sr, δ18O, δ13C, δ15N). Les sépultures datent de l'âge du Bronze Ancien et Moyen; les sépultures du Bronze Ancien ont certaines affinités avec les rites funéraires pratiqués par des communautés associées à la culture Yamna ou cultures des tombes à fosses. Les résultats des analyses isotopiques du strontium et de l'oxygène effectuées sur l'émail des dents indiquent une mobilité accrue, qui pourrait être due soit à une migration réelle, soit à de simples mouvements entre plusieurs habitats de la région. Ils ne sont pas suffisamment probants pour étayer une hypothèse de migration venant des steppes de l'Europe de l'Est, comme le suggèrent (en partie) les données archéologiques. Les résultats des analyses isotopiques du carbone et du nitrogène sont relativement cohérents et suggèrent une alimentation basée sur les plantes en C3 et la viande, avec un apport mineur de plantes en C4. Abstract: Five Bronze Age human skeletons from the burial mound of Lozianska Mogila near Boyanovo, Bulgaria, were selected for a multi-isotopic (87Sr/86Sr, δ18O, δ13C, δ15N) pilot study. The burials date to the Early and Middle Bronze Age, and the Early Bronze Age burials partly show affinities with the burial rite practised by communities associated with the Yamnaya or Pit Grave culture. The results of strontium and oxygen isotope analyses on tooth enamel indicate an increased level of mobility, suggesting either actual migration events or simply movement between various regional settlement sites. They do not provide sufficiently convincing evidence for migrations from the steppes of Eastern Europe as (partly) suggested by the archaeological record. The results of carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis are relatively consistent and indicate a diet based on C3 plants and meat sources with a minor input of C 4 resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article studies the conditions and roles of stage actresses, feminine identity, and the establishment of a socialist state in Bulgaria, from September 9, 1944 to the end of the era of Soviet leader Joseph Stalin. Focus is given to the National Theater of Sofia and the small provincial theater of Gorna Džumaja. Topics of discussion include the construction of a socialist theatrical institution, stage actresses and the personification of the new socialist woman, and the collective management of theaters. Bulgarian actress Adriana Budevska is also mentioned.

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Ivan Biliarsky Οι διοικητικές περιφέρειες στη Βουλγαρία τον 13ο αιώναΣκοπός του άρθρου είναι η παρουσίαση του διοικητικού συστήματος των επαρχιών της Βουλγαρίας κατά τον 13ο αιώνα και η συναγωγή όλων των σχετικών πληροφοριών.Ο κατάλογος των όρων που χρησιμοποιούνται για να δηλωθούν οι διοικητικές περιφέρειες της βουλγαρικής αυτοκρατορίας είναι ο ακόλουθος: ҳωра, земља клисоура, страна, οвласть. Ιδιαίτερη διοικητική ενότητα αποτελούν οι πόλεις. Από τη λεξιλογική, συγκριτική μελέτη των όρων τεκμαίρεται ότι δημιουργήθηκαν κατ' αναλογία, μετάφραση ή μεταγραμματισμό αντίστοιχων ελληνικών όρων: χώρα, γη, κλεισούρα, επαρχία. Στο σύνολο αυτό πρέπει ενδεχομένως να προστεθεί ο όρος прѣдѣлъ(= μέρος) που δηλώνει τα όρια (= σύνορα) και ο οποίος ωστόσο μνημονεύεται σε κείμενο του 14ου αιώνα. Σε ανάλογα συμπεράσματα οδηγεί η μελέτη των επιμέρους στοιχείων της επαρχιακής διοίκησης.Στη μελέτη μας παρουσιάζομε επίσης τον κατάλογο των επαρχιών της Βουλγαρίας κατά τον 13ο αιώνα, για τις οποίες διαθέτομε πληροφορίες από πηγές της εποχής.Τα στοιχεία που παραθέτομε μας επιτρέπουν να συμπεράνομε τον πλήρη εκβυζαντινισμό της επαρχιακής διοίκησης κατά την εποχή του δευτέρου βουλγαρικού κράτους. Οι Ασενίδες όχι μόνον δεν κατήργησαν το βυζαντινό διοικητικό σύστημα, αλλά δημιούργησαν ένα κράτος βυζαντινού τύπου. Την ίδια τάση ανιχνεύομε, εκτός από τη διοίκηση, και στην πολιτική ιδεολογία, τη φιλολογία, την τέχνη, την εν γένει πνευματική, ακόμη και την καθημερινή ζωή της βουλγαρικής κοινωνίας του όψιμου Μεσαίωνα.