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The ovarian carcinoma is the most frequent cause of death because of malignant neoplasins in women. At that, there is no pathognomonic symptoms permitting diagnosing stage of process with sufficient degree of confidence. This is a determinative not only for choosing treatment regimen but also for correlation of expected results of treatments with economic factors with purpose to evaluate cost effectiveness under monitoring of these patients. The study was carried out to develop mode of clarifying diagnostic of progressing forms of ovarian carcinoma on the basis of evaluation of oxidative modification of proteins in blood plasma. In 100 female patients with primary ovarian carcinoma (stage III and IV according FIGO,) in blood plasma 21 indicators were determined in blood plasma using standardized techniques: absolute number of leukocytes, absolute and relative number of neutrophils, products of oxidative modification of proteins of basic and ketonic character (under wavelength of 356, 370, 430, 530 nm), Her-2/neu CA-125, matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9 in blood serum and neutrophils, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, interleukin-1β, interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, malonic dialdehyde, catalase, glutaihione transferase, glutathione reductase. The least squares method was applied to every parameter to appmximnate relative rates by density of Rayleigh distribution. For every indicator likelihood ratio functions of likelihood ratio were constructed and intervals at every stage were determined. The reliability of approximation was proved under testing with Pirson criterion hypothesis of compliance of practical values of parameters to theoretical law of density of distribution. The results permit to assert that level of oxidative modification of proteins cab be used as a reliable indicator for differentiated diagnostic of stage III and IV of ovarian carcinoma.

The aim of the article is to work out the simple approach for matching of the ages of the human and mammalian. The model is based on the analysis of the counting processes of the proper ontogenetic events (such as the emergence of the first molars, the first ovulation, almost complete cessation of growth, menopause). The choice of the events is reduced to the claim of being observable. The matching (and proper concordance) are useful for the choice of the individual regimens of medical treatment.

Objectives: To analyse disability trends over the 1980s-1990s in gender and race groups of early retirement ages in USA., Methods: Disability trends for white and black males and females aged 65-69 and 70+ are analysed using the 1982-1999 NLTCS. Disability is analysed at three levels (instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), activities of daily living (ADL), and institutionalisation)., Results: 1) A larger increase in proportions of non-disabled blacks aged 65-69 compared with whites and males compared with females. 2) Differences in disability trends among gender and race groups. 3) A faster absolute decline in non-institutionalised disabled aged 65-69. 4) A larger absolute decline and a smaller relative decline in proportions of disabled aged 70+ compared with 65-69. 5) A significant decrease in the proportion of ADL disabled blacks and an increase of ADL disabled white females in the age group 70+., Conclusions: Americans aged 65-69 years manifest a significant improvement in health over the 1980s-1990s but the dynamics differs in gender and race groups. Possible reasons for these differences are discussed.

We propose a "protein and energy" free radical model of aging that predicts patterns of survival and fertility curves for Mediterranean fruit flies. Mathematical and simulation models of individual physiological processes were constructed in terms of stochastic differential equations. The free radical theory of aging was used as a basis for construction of the model and was extended to describe the dynamics of the protein and energy balance in the functioning organism, including the concept of a maximum capacity for energy production. We fit the model to observed patterns of survival and fertility in flies given the basic diet schemes used in respective experiments. Age patterns of fertility and survival were predicted under various diet scenarios using the model, revealing that the predictions of the model are in good agreement with experimental data.

Aging processes are now actively investigated on the base of analysis of changes in gene expression. Many of the standard methods (such as hierarchic clustering, method of K-means, SOM (Self-organizing maps), Gene Shaving, etc.) do not take into account the specifics of time sets. In the article the new approach of the analysis and clustering of genes based on the processing of time increments in their expressions is presented. Genes in the resulting groups behave concertedly with any chosen "pilot" gene or simply together. The methods of clustering were tested on the data of gene expressions of C. elegans in aging. In the article the specific claims of believability of the experiments are discussed.

Comments to the article of Yu. Lazebnik Yu. "Can a biologist fix a radio?--Or, what I learned while studying apoptosis".

The paper is devoted to the discussion of the possibility of analyzing the changes in survival curves of Mediterranean Fruit Flies under different levels of reproduction by means of solving the optimization problem with some objective function. The investigation is carried out on the base of mathematical model with approximations resulting in the analysis of joint changes in survival functions and reproduction in flies subjected to different conditions of protein availability in food. The model describes possible mechanisms of evolutionary selection from the point of view of trade-off in average life span and reproduction.

We consider a scheme of aging with two possible mechanisms of senescence processes: aging with apoptosis and necrosis for differentiated cells and a multistage process of malignant transformation. Our model describes the multistage phenomena of aging and carcinogenesis by a set of stochastic equations using multivariate and diffusion processes. This model fits experimental data on the acceleration of aging processes from postnatal exposure to 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), and the induction of genome instability. The methods of stochastic modeling and computer simulation of the processes of aging and carcinogenesis have been used for the verification of the biological suggestions.

Three important results concerning the shape and the trends of the human mortality rate were discussed recently in demographic and epidemiological literature. These are the deceleration of the mortality rate at old ages, the tendency to rectangularization of the survival curve, and the decline of the old age mortality observed in the second part of the 20th century. In this paper we show that all these results can be explained by using a model with a new type of heterogeneity associated with individual differences in adaptive capacity. We first illustrate the idea of such a model by considering survival in a mixture of two subpopulations of individuals (called "labile" and "stable"). These subpopulations are characterized by different Gompertz mortality patterns, such that their mortality rates cross over. The survival chances of individuals in these subpopulations have different sensitivities to changes in environmental conditions. Then we develop a more comprehensive model in which the mortality rate is related to the adaptive capacity of an organism. We show that the trends in survival patterns experienced by a mixture of such individuals resemble those obtained in an analysis of empirical data on survival in developed countries. Lastly, we present evidence of the existence of subpopulations of phenotypes in both humans and experimental organisms, which were used as prototypes in our models. The existence of such phenotypes provides the possibility that at least part of today's centenarians originated from an initially frail part of the cohort.

The principles of stochastic modeling and simulation of the processes of aging and carcinogenesis by means of semimartingale methods are considered. The model fits to the experiments on activating of processes of aging be 5-bromodeoxiuridine postnatal exposure inducing genome instability. The model describes the multistage phenomena of aging and carcinogenesis by the system of stochastic equations in terms of multivariate and diffusion processes.