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Compendium works constitute an important place among the books compiled in Islamic sciences. A extensive literature has been formed around the literature of abridgments, which began to emerge the third century of Hijri. It is possible to see many examples of this genre in the science of hadīth. As a matter of fact, many scholars have written compendium books on the works in various fields of this science, especially the essential hadīth sources such as the al-Kutub al-sitta. al-Bayhaqī (d. 458/1066), one of the prominent muhaddithis of his time, wrote compendiums of his own works, and other scholars also made compendiums of his voluminous books such as al-Sunan al-kabīr, Shu’ab al-īmān, and al-Hilāfiyyāt. The subject of this study is the determination of the genre of the composition of al-Bayhaqī’s al-Sunan al-saghīr. This is because in the mukaddims written by the muhaqqīqs of this work, a comparison is made between al-Sunan al-saghīr and al-Sunan alkabīr without considering al-Bayhaqī’s other works, and at the end of the research, the evidence is listed and it is stated that the two books are different from each other by listing the evidences and calling al-Sunan al-saghīr a separate work. The importance of this study will be revealed by accurately determining the type of composition of al-Sunan alsaghīr, which is generally perceived as a miscellany of al-Sunan al-kabīr and about which no detailed research has been conducted. This study aims to determine whether alBayhaqī’s al-Sunan al-saghīris a concise or an independent work, taking into account all of his works. For this purpose, each hadīth or piece of information in al-Sunan al-saghīr was scanned in al-Bayhaqī’s books that we have and it was investigated whether it was mentioned in them. Following this examination, the following conclusions were reached: In the introduction of his book, al-Bayhaqī refers to two concise works, al-I’tikād wa alḥidāya and al-Sunan al-saghīr, on matters of faith and jurisprudence that should be known. Some of the narrations in al-Sunan al-saghīr, which has a significant similarity with alSunan al-kabīr, are transmitted differently from this work. In fact, most of the hadīths that are narrated in al-Sunan al-saghīr but not in al-Sunan al-kabīrwith a different sanad and not in it are narrated in the same way in his other works such as Ma’rifat al-sunan wa al-asār, Shu’ab al-’imān, and al-Hilāfiyyāt. Even so, there are also narrations that narrated in alSunan al-saghīr but with the same sanad and in no way found in al-Bayhaqī’s printed books. Accordingly, it can be said about al-Sunan al-saghīr that “it is an original compendium work that al-Bayhaqī compiled with the method of ihtisār by making use of his own works and the narrations he had”. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India is a rich repository of cultural heritage and diversity, with a significant portion consisting of traditional folk songs. West Bengal has no exception and has got a wide variety of folk songs in every district of the state. This research has been conducted to identify the folk song relevant to agriculture and farmer’s livelihood by understanding the contents with respect to themes. Emphasis has been rendered to explore the agricultural messages implied in the folk songs and to delve into any possibility to employ the folk songs as a tool for transfer of agricultural technologies. The research has been conducted by creating a compendium of the Bengali folk songs related to agriculture with experts’ assistance. These songs were analyzed by applying content analysis and represented in tabular forms depicting knowledge items with quantification. Since folk songs relevant to agriculture were considered, most of the songs belonged to the category of Karmasangeet (work song), followed by Tusu, Bhadu, Mahipal, Mecheni and others. Some of the songs carry traditional agricultural knowledge on cropping sequence, intercultural operation, plant protection, planting times, etc. Folk songs, whose primary idea was born to express the inner state of mind and break the monotony, can also be used for transforming the tacit knowledge into explicit one. Agricultural Extension, as a discipline, can very well employ the traditional folk media to impregnate the remotest of Indian villages with new technologies keeping intact the entertainment component. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owing to the complexities of bacterial RNA biology, the transcriptomes of even the best studied bacteria are not fully understood. To help elucidate the transcriptional landscape of E. coli, we compiled a compendium of 3,376 RNA-seq data sets composed of more than 7 trillion sequenced bases, which we evaluate with a transcript assembly pipeline. We report expression profiles for all annotated E. coli genes as well as 5,071 other transcripts. Additionally, we observe hundreds of instances of co-transcribed genes that are novel with respect to existing operon databases. By integrating data from a large number of sequencing experiments corresponding to a wide range of conditions, we are able to obtain a comprehensive view of the E. coli transcriptome.

In alignment with the United Nations' sustainable development goals (SDG s), nuclear science and technology (NST) significantly contributes to nine out of seventeen SDG s. As an integral component of nuclear human resource development (HRD), it is imperative to introduce young students to NST through effective STEAM or STEM methodologies. However, Thailand's progress in NST literacy and public awareness has been suboptimal, despite over five decades of nuclear HRD initiatives. While various nuclear-related organizations have undertaken numerous activities, their lack of coordination and comprehensiveness poses challenges for sustainable development. To address this, concerted efforts must involve collaboration with schoolteachers to integrate NST into the national science curriculum and syllabus. This entails a review and revision process aimed at incorporating more hands-on experiments to ignite students' curiosity and enthusiasm for NST. Through strategic planning and implementation, Thai students will develop a deeper familiarity with NST, thereby enhancing their overall NST literacy and contributing to the nation's sustainable development goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Among the plant molecular mechanisms capable of effectively mitigating the effects of adverse weather conditions, the heat shock proteins (HSPs), a group of chaperones with multiple functions, stand out. At a time of full progress on the omic sciences, they look very promising in the genetic engineering field, especially in order to conceive superior genotypes, potentially tolerant to abiotic stresses (AbSts). Recently, some works concerning certain families of maize HSPs (ZmHSPs) were published. However, there was still a lack of a study that, with a high degree of criteria, would fully conglomerate them. Using distinct but complementary strategies, we have prospected as many ZmHSPs candidates as possible, gathering more than a thousand accessions. After detailed data mining, we accounted for 182 validated ones, belonging to seven families, which were subcategorized into classes with potential for functional parity. In them, we identified dozens of motifs with some degree of similarity with proteins from different kingdoms, which may help explain some of their still poorly understood means of action. Through in silico and in vitro approaches, we compared their expression levels after controlled exposure to several AbSts' sources, applied at diverse tissues, on varied phenological stages. Based on gene ontology concepts, we still analyzed them from different perspectives of term enrichment. We have also searched, in model plants and close species, for potentially orthologous genes. With all these new insights, which culminated in a plentiful supplementary material, rich in tables, we aim to constitute a fertile consultation source for those maize researchers attracted by these interesting stress proteins.

Among the plant molecular mechanisms capable of effectively mitigating the effects of adverse weather conditions, the heat shock proteins (HSPs), a group of chaperones with multiple functions, stand out. At a time of full progress on the omic sciences, they look very promising in the genetic engineering field, especially in order to conceive superior genotypes, potentially tolerant to abiotic stresses (AbSts). Recently, some works concerning certain families of maize HSPs (ZmHSPs) were published. However, there was still a lack of a study that, with a high degree of criteria, would fully conglomerate them. Using distinct but complementary strategies, we have prospected as many ZmHSPs candidates as possible, gathering more than a thousand accessions. After detailed data mining, we accounted for 182 validated ones, belonging to seven families, which were subcategorized into classes with potential for functional parity. In them, we identified dozens of motifs with some degree of similarity with proteins from different kingdoms, which may help explain some of their still poorly understood means of action. Through in silico and in vitro approaches, we compared their expression levels after controlled exposure to several AbSts' sources, applied at diverse tissues, on varied phenological stages. Based on gene ontology concepts, we still analyzed them from different perspectives of term enrichment. We have also searched, in model plants and close species, for potentially orthologous genes. With all these new insights, which culminated in a plentiful supplementary material, rich in tables, we aim to constitute a fertile consultation source for those maize researchers attracted by these interesting stress proteins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owing to the complexities of bacterial RNA biology, the transcriptomes of even the best studied bacteria are not fully understood. To help elucidate the transcriptional landscape of E. coli, we compiled a compendium of 3,376 RNA-seq data sets composed of more than 7 trillion sequenced bases, which we evaluate with a transcript assembly pipeline. We report expression profiles for all annotated E. coli genes as well as 5,071 other transcripts. Additionally, we observe hundreds of instances of co-transcribed genes that are novel with respect to existing operon databases. By integrating data from a large number of sequencing experiments corresponding to a wide range of conditions, we are able to obtain a comprehensive view of the E. coli transcriptome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of the evaluation of the current review is to offer a report on toxic vegetation with healthful properties and plants that are accustomed to treat infectious agent diseases (antiviral properties). Use of plants is as old as mankind, even then poisonous plants come under the most underrated category of plants all over the world and used less often due to folklores about their adverse effects. Knowledge of poisonous plants is important as some of them are useful to treat remedies. The poisonous feature of plants is due to the production of toxic substance which includes alkaloids, amines, saponins, tannins, etc. To illustrate improved affinity and effectiveness for health endorsement, they should be explored more. Along with the medicinal impact of the plants against various diseases, they are also used to treat viral diseases. Antiviral property is the most common medicinal asset of poisonous floras and used since ancient times. Natural treatment is cheap and claimed to be safe. Long ago, the investigation into antiviral action of assorted capable plants was restricted due to the extremely communicable nature of viruses and deficiency of applicable separation procedures for the documentation of antiviral plants from other plants. As we know that, Viruses nowadays, lead to situations of pandemics all over the world. This bibliographic analysis is therefore compendium of information on plants used for the treatment of viral sicknesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Thousands of Pseudomonas aeruginosa RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) gene expression profiles are publicly available via the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Sequence Read Archive (SRA). In this work, the transcriptional profiles from hundreds of studies performed by over 75 research groups were reanalyzed in aggregate to create a powerful tool for hypothesis generation and testing. Raw sequence data were uniformly processed using the Salmon pseudoaligner, and this read mapping method was validated by comparison to a direct alignment method. We developed filtering criteria to exclude samples with aberrant levels of housekeeping gene expression or an unexpected number of genes with no reported values and normalized the filtered compendia using the ratio-of-medians method. The filtering and normalization steps greatly improved gene expression correlations for genes within the same operon or regulon across the 2,333 samples. Since the RNA-seq data were generated using diverse strains, we report the effects of mapping samples to noncognate reference genomes by separately analyzing all samples mapped to cDNA reference genomes for strains PAO1 and PA14, two divergent strains that were used to generate most of the samples. Finally, we developed an algorithm to incorporate new data as they are deposited into the SRA. Our processing and quality control methods provide a scalable framework for taking advantage of the troves of biological information hibernating in the depths of microbial gene expression data and yield useful tools for P. aeruginosa RNA-seq data to be leveraged for diverse research goals. IMPORTANCE Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a causative agent of a wide range of infections, including chronic infections associated with cystic fibrosis. These P. aeruginosa infections are difficult to treat and often have negative outcomes. To aid in the study of this problematic pathogen, we mapped, filtered for quality, and normalized thousands of P. aeruginosa RNA-seq gene expression profiles that were publicly available via the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Sequence Read Archive (SRA). The resulting compendia facilitate analyses across experiments, strains, and conditions. Ultimately, the workflow that we present could be applied to analyses of other microbial species.

This review presents the work of an international team of researchers devoted to a thorough description of the problems of modern sociolinguistics. The developmental stages and basic concepts of sociolinguistics are analysed, and the trends and methods of modern sociolinguistic researches are presented. The mutual influences of language and society are demonstrated and the legal status of the state language in Ukraine is analysed.

Two new and two known species of the genus Paraoxydirus Jairajpuri and Ahmad, 1978 are described and illustrated from Western Ghats of India. P. vulvalpapillatus n. sp. is characterized by having large sized body (L = 4.6 – 4.8 mm); lip region continuous with completely amalgamated lips; amphidial fovea cup – shaped; 5 – 6 μm long odontostyle; 11 – 13 μm long odontophore; pharyngeal expansion about 28 – 36 % of neck length; transverse vulva; vulval papillae conspicuous; males with 46 – 54 μm long spicules; 11 – 14 continuous ventromedian supplements and long filiform tail similar in both sexes. P. indicus n. sp. is characterized by having large sized body (L = 4.0 – 4.8 mm); lip region poorly offset with amalgamated lips; amphidial fovea cup-shaped; 7 – 8 μm long, robust odontostyle; 17 – 18 μm long odontophore; pharyngeal expansion about 32 – 40 % of neck length; 21 – 26 μm long cardia; longitudinal vulva; 748 – 894 μm long filiform tail; males with 45 – 54 μm long spicules and 12 – 15 continuous ventromedian supplements. P. gigas Jairajpuri, 1964 and P. novus Jairajpuri, 1965 are redescribed based on specimens collected from several localities. A diagnostic Key and compendium to the identification of its eight valid species is provided.

Bencao Tujing (Illustrated Classic of Materia Medica) is a brilliant and monumental compendium of materia medica by Su Song, which was published in 1061 and gathered ancestral knowledge from the Song dynasty as a legacy for posterity. The compendium emphasized the clinical applications of medicinal materials collected nationwide, which used illustrated atlases as references. The descriptions for each medicinal material subsumed the prescriptions containing it and were supplemented with relevant medical cases. Medical prescriptions predating the Song dynasty were included, which enhanced the clinical usefulness of the pharmacopoeia. The ancestral knowledge of materia medica was extensively merged with natural history throughout the compendium, which also made extensive reference to more than 200 Chinese classics, local gazetteers, and published works from the social and natural sciences. The inclusion of natural history and literature works changed the convention used in earlier pharmacopoeias to present medicines based solely on pharmacological analyses. The compendium also pioneered the inclusion of natural history in pharmacopoeia. Bencao Tujing helped establish China’s leading position in the field of materia medica. Su Song’s meticulous nature, truth-seeking attitude, and adherence to scientific thinking are truly worthy of emulation and promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Successfully integrating transcriptomic experiments is a challenging task with the ultimate goal of analyzing gene expression data in the broader context of all available measurements, all from a single point of access. In its second major release VESPUCCI, the integrated database of gene expression data for grapevine, has been updated to be FAIR-compliant, employing standards and created with open-source technologies. It includes all public grapevine gene expression experiments from both microarray and RNA-seq platforms. Transcriptomic data can be accessed in multiple ways through the newly developed COMPASS GraphQL interface, while the expression values are normalized using different methodologies to flexibly satisfy different analysis requirements. Sample annotations are manually curated and use standard formats and ontologies. The updated version of VESPUCCI provides easy querying and analyzing of integrated grapevine gene expression (meta)data and can be seamlessly embedded in any analysis workflow or tools. VESPUCCI is freely accessible and offers several ways of interaction, depending on the specific goals and purposes and/or user expertise; an overview can be found at https://vespucci.readthedocs.io/. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 pandemic and associated lockdown as a "global human confinement experiment" to investigate biodiversity conservation. GRAPH: Supplementary material GRAPH: Supplementary material GRAPH: Supplementary material GRAPH: Supplementary material Footnotes 1 B Article impact statement b : The COVID-19 pandemic presents increased threats to biodiversity conservation globally yet reduced capacity to counter them. Keywords: ambiente; compendio; coronavirus; evaluación; fauna; naturaleza; assessment; compendium; environment; nature; wildlife EN ambiente compendio coronavirus evaluación fauna naturaleza assessment compendium environment nature wildlife 1 14 14 03/02/22 20220201 NES 220201 INTRODUCTION An outbreak of pneumonia emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan City, China. DISCUSSION Our compendium documents the range of impacts that the COVID-19 pandemic has had and potentially will have on biodiversity conservation globally, 60% of which were negative. [Extracted from the article]

This review presents the work of an international team of researchers devoted to a thorough description of the problems of modern sociolinguistics. The developmental stages and basic concepts of sociolinguistics are analysed, and the trends and methods of modern sociolinguistic researches are presented. The mutual influences of language and society are demonstrated and the legal status of the state language in Ukraine is analysed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One new and two known species of the genus Discomyctus Thorne, 1939, collected from the Western Ghats of India, are described and illustrated. Discomyctus mucronatus sp. n. is characterized by 0.66–0.74 mm long body; lip region cap-like, offset by constriction; labial disc well developed; odontostyle 5.5–6.5 μm and odontophore 9.5–11 μm long with asymmetrical basal knobs, total stylet length 16.0–17.0 μm; pharyngeal expansion abrupt, 51–57% of total neck length; female genital system mono-prodelphic; tail elongated to long filiform with distinct mucro at its tip. D. longicaudatus (Imamura, 1931) Thorne, 1939 and D. elongatus Dhanachand and Jairajpuri, 1980 are redescribed. D. caudatus Gambhir and Dhanachand, 1991 is regarded as junior synonym of D. longicaudatus and D. elongatus is reported here for the first time from the Western Ghats. A diagnostic key to species of the genus Discomyctus and a compendium of their morphometric characters and of their distribution and habitats are also provided. Comments have also been made on the biogeographical distribution and climatic endemicity of the genus Discomyctus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Successfully integrating transcriptomic experiments is a challenging task with the ultimate goal of analyzing gene expression data in the broader context of all available measurements, all from a single point of access. In its second major release VESPUCCI, the integrated database of gene expression data for grapevine, has been updated to be FAIR-compliant, employing standards and created with open-source technologies. It includes all public grapevine gene expression experiments from both microarray and RNA-seq platforms. Transcriptomic data can be accessed in multiple ways through the newly developed COMPASS GraphQL interface, while the expression values are normalized using different methodologies to flexibly satisfy different analysis requirements. Sample annotations are manually curated and use standard formats and ontologies. The updated version of VESPUCCI provides easy querying and analyzing of integrated grapevine gene expression (meta)data and can be seamlessly embedded in any analysis workflow or tools. VESPUCCI is freely accessible and offers several ways of interaction, depending on the specific goals and purposes and/or user expertise; an overview can be found at https://vespucci.readthedocs.io/.

The present review has documented a list of keys for identifying plant-parasitic nematodes at different taxonomic levels including superfamily, family, subfamily, genus, and species. It was compiled as a current source of information to assist students and professionals in the discipline of nematology for identification of this important group of soil nematodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new and two known species of the genus ParaoxydirusJairajpuri and Ahmad, 1978 are described and illustrated from Western Ghats of India. P. vulvalpapillatus n. sp. is characterized by having large sized body (L = 4.6 – 4.8 mm); lip region continuous with completely amalgamated lips; amphidial fovea cup – shaped; 5 – 6 μm long odontostyle; 11 – 13 μm long odontophore; pharyngeal expansion about 28 – 36 % of neck length; transverse vulva; vulval papillae conspicuous; males with 46 – 54 μm long spicules; 11 – 14 continuous ventromedian supplements and long filiform tail similar in both sexes. P. indicus n. sp. is characterized by having large sized body (L = 4.0 – 4.8 mm); lip region poorly offset with amalgamated lips; amphidial fovea cup-shaped; 7 – 8 μm long, robust odontostyle; 17 – 18 μm long odontophore; pharyngeal expansion about 32 – 40 % of neck length; 21 – 26 μm long cardia; longitudinal vulva; 748 – 894 μm long filiform tail; males with 45 – 54 μm long spicules and 12 – 15 continuous ventromedian supplements. P. gigasJairajpuri, 1964 and P. novusJairajpuri, 1965 are redescribed based on specimens collected from several localities. A diagnostic Key and compendium to the identification of its eight valid species is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• PDT is the application of the Type II Photodynamic Reaction (PDR) for treatment purposes. • Clinical PDT encompasses introduction of a suitable Photosensitizer (PS) followed by target illumination with a light whose intensity and wavelength matches the absorption band of the PS to create the PDR, which in the presence of oxygen, allows for target destruction by cyto-toxic species. • Many photosensitizers and light sources exist, but few are in clinical use. • A table of marketed photosensitizers and their manufacturers are presented. • A table of the marketed illumination devices and fibers for PDT are presented. Unlike surgical instruments and endoscopic equipment, Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) devices are not readily available or accessible to the clinicians who may like to add this form of treatment modality for selected patients and on an ad hock basis. There is in fact a vacuum in finding the "tools" of PDT for those clinicians who are not part of a "Centre" with a built-in knowledge base and contacts for manufacturers. In this compendium the Yorkshire Laser Centre /YLC in the UK, (the Project of the Moghissi Laser Trust – (Charity number 326689) requested three experienced clinicians (RA, ZH, KM) to produce essential information on the use of and equipment for PDT in the clinic. The YLC also sponsored a researcher (ID) to search and compile a detailed but non-exhaustive list of approved photosensitizing agents, pharmaceutical companies, light sources and laser manufacturers with appropriate delivery devices for PDT. Thus, this Mini –Compendium is the end result of what is hoped to be a useful adjunct for practitioners, scientists and students of PDT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blockchain technologies (BC) are immutable distributed systems of digital ledgers (i.e., without central repository) and, as rule, without central authority. Currently, there is a lot of excitement around the use of BC technology, although the technology itself, on the one hand, is still not quite clear to many ones, and on the other (and this is the main thing) is not new. Superficial understanding of the BC as a phenomenon with «magical properties» leads to numerous predictions about the possibility of revolutionary transformations based on its application to entire sectors of the economy and, above all, in the credit and financial sphere. In this regard, this article presents a systematized analysis, the history of the BC emergence, leading from the international standards ISO 7498-2 of 1989 and ITU-T X.800 of 1991, as well as a brief informal definition of BC and considered are the basic principles and components of this technology, including cryptographic one-way functions (hashes), transactions, addresses and their retrieval, «digital wallets», ledgers, blocks, blockchain in operations. Representation of the BC as a sequence of blocks bounded base on known mechanisms of the data integrity with using asymmetric cryptography allows us to conclude that only its evolutionary development is possible, although at a rapid pace in real time. This is a characteristic feature of establishing modern stage of and all other IT types. In conclusion, attention is drawn to the need for additional research to assess the security and reliability of the BC in terms of assessing the prospects for its use in specific business applications and critical information infrastructure systems.

Commercial specifications for a new biotherapeutic product are a critical component of the product's overall control strategy that ensures safety and efficacy. This paper describes strategies for setting commercial specifications as proposed by a consortium of industry development scientists. The specifications for some attributes are guided by compendia and regulatory guidance. For other product quality attributes (PQAs), product knowledge and the understanding of attribute criticality built throughout product development should drive specification setting. The foundation of PQA knowledge is an understanding of potential patient impact through an assessment of potency, PK, immunogenicity and safety. In addition to PQA knowledge, the ability of the manufacturing process to consistently meet specifications, typically assessed through statistical analyses, is an important consideration in the specification-setting process. Setting acceptance criteria that are unnecessarily narrow can impact the ability to supply product or prohibit consideration of future convenient dosage forms. Patient-centric specifications enable appropriate control over higher risk PQAs to ensure product quality for the patient, and flexibility for lower risk PQAs for a sustainable supply chain. This paper captures common strategic approaches for setting specifications for standard biotherapeutic products such as monoclonal antibodies and includes considerations for ensuring specifications are patient centric. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: A new species of Phasmarhabditis was isolated from the slug, Polytoxon robustum , from Nairobi, Kenya. The nematode was identified using morphological, morphometric, molecular and phylogenetic analyses. Phasmarhabditis kenyaensis n. sp. is characterised by an infective juvenile with the longest body length in the genus, measuring 1232 (1107-1336) μ m, by the presence of males with a bursa bearing nine bilateral pairs of genital bursal papillae and one pair of papilliform phasmids flanking the tail, cephalate paired spicules, with an arc length of 71 (57-81) μ m, as well as by females with a vulva located at the mid-body region and a conoid tail shape, with two phasmids located at ca 40% of the tail length. The molecular phylogeny of the new species, as inferred from its SSU (small subunit) rRNA gene, places P. kenyaensis n. sp. genetically close to undescribed phasmarhabditids from South Africa, suggesting an African grouping, while the D2-D3 (large ribosomal subunit) and ITS region analyses relate P. kenyaensis n. sp. to P. meridionalis , with weak bootstrap support. This is the third new Phasmarhabditis species described from the African continent, the new species bringing the total known complement of the genus to 14 species. A morphometric compendium to all species cultured in vivo is supplied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Tobias Gottfried Schröer (1791 – 1850) has long been neglected by Slovak scientists studying the history of aesthetic thinking in the territory of former Upper Hungary (modern day Slovakia). All his life, he worked in Prešporok (modern day Bratislava) and contributed numerous writings on politics, arts history, aesthetics, etc.; most of them were published outside Hungary, usually under a pseudonym. While working at the Evangelical Senior Girls' School, Schröer aimed to implement his educational ideas through achieving constant live contact with the arts (especially literature and music) and through play. He offers these ideas, together with the basics of aesthetic theory, history and theories of art types in an extensive work Weihgeschenk fur deutsche Jungfrauen in Briefen an Selma uber hohere Bildung von Ch. Oeser (1838). The textbook dealing with the issues of education of women's youth (on the whole its 26 editions) was extremely popular in German speaking countries until first decades of the 20th century. His piece Isagoge in eruditionem aestheticam (1842) is one of the two aesthetics handbooks known to date that were published on our territory in the 19th century. The compendium was written directly for the students of Prešporok Evangelical Lyceum, which is stated in its subtitle. The goal of the essay is to discuss Schröer's aesthetic compendium through preliminary comparisons as well as through presenting a selection from the Latin aesthetics compendium, placed at the end of the present study. Tobias Gottfried Schröer, was definitely a person who deserves further professional analytical reflection and critical editions of his most important works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to develop a compendium of wheelchair-related physical activities. To accomplish this, we conducted a systematic review of the published energy costs of activities performed by individuals who use wheelchairs. A total of 266 studies were identified by a literature search using relevant keywords. Inclusion criteria were studies utilizing individuals who routinely use a manual wheelchair, indirect calorimetry as the criterion measurement, energy expenditure expressed as METs or VO2, and physical activities typical of wheelchair users. Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria. A total of 63 different wheelchair activities were identified with energy expenditure values ranging from 0.8 to 12.5 kcal·kg-1·hr-1. The energy requirements for some activities differed between individuals who use wheelchairs and those who do not. The compendium of wheelchair-related activities can be used to enhance scoring of physical activity surveys and to promote the benefits of activity in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study compared the intensity and energy cost of playing 9 holes of golf with 40 min of lawn mowing in older men and determined whether both met the current recommendations for health benefits. Eighteen men (age 71.2 ± 4.4 yr, BMI 27.3 ± 2.3; M ± SD) completed a graded treadmill test. During golfing and lawn-mowing field tests, oxygen consumption and walking velocity and distance were measured using a portable metabolic system and global positioning system receiver. The net energy costs of golfing and lawn mowing were 310 and 246 kcal, respectively. The average intensities in metabolic equivalents of golfing and lawn mowing were 2.8 ± 0.5 and 5.5 ± 0.9, respectively. Both lawn mowing and golfing met the original intensity and energy expenditure requirements for health benefits specified by the American College of Sports Medicine in 1998, but only lawn mowing met the 2007 intensity recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Caveonchus siddiqii n. sp. is described and illustrated based on specimens collected from both India and Japan. It is characterized by having a medium sized body (L= 0.86 - 1.12 mm); labial disc present; amphideal fovea flask-shaped; lip region cap-like, offset by slight constriction; odontostyle 8 - 9 μm, odontophore 10 - 12 μm; pharynx with slender anterior part which expands abruptly into the saccate basal bulb, occupying about 16 - 21 % of total neck length; female genital system mono-opisthodelphic; anterior genital branch 70 - 100 μm or 1.9 - 2.8 times the midbody diameter long; tail short, rounded, hemispheroid, 0.5 - 0.7 anal body diameter long; spicules 30 - 38 μm long; and three spaced ventromedian supplements. Its relationship with all the known species of the genus is discussed. A diagnostic compendium and a key to identification of the species is also provided.

The compendium of Quinisulcius comprised of 17 species that based on the characters of the total body length, stylet, ratio of a, b, c, c’, V%, head annules, tail annules, lip region and tail terminus. The allometric and morphometric characters were derived from the original descriptions. An up to date list of valid species of Quinisulcius along with illustrations and diagnostic key is provided. Detailed surveys of cereals, fruits and vegetables were conducted from district Hunza, Nager, Gilgit and Ghizer of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan during 2014-2016 to determine the temperature dependent property of Quinisulcius capitatus. About 280 root and soil samples were taken from 47 locations and 28 agricultural crops. Compilated data from the world has shown that Q. capitatus has the potential to survive and propagate proficiently at low temperature (-2 to -15ºC). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This paper deals with the general morphology of the dorylaimid genus Aporcelinus as a basis for updating its taxonomy. This taxon is morphologically rather homogeneous and characterised by a peculiar combination of apomorphic states of several features, which are described, illustrated and discussed, particularly those concerning lip region, odontostyle, pharyngo-intestinal junction, female genital tract, and caudal region. A revised generic diagnosis is presented and the separation of the genus from its relatives analysed. The updated inventory of Aporcelinus includes 29 valid species with their synonyms and two species inquirendae. A key to identification of species is also given, and a compendium of their morphometrics is provided for comparative purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: A population of a Hemicriconemoides species was found from the rhizosphere of sugarcane in the Meerut district, Uttar Pradesh, India. Preliminary morphological studies led to the identification of the species as H. rosae. Further morphological and morphometric characterisation of the species was carried out by light microscopy. The gross morphology was consistent with the description of H. rosae except for some deviations in measurements. Here we present an amended description of the species together with illustrations and additional morphometric and morphological characters. The diagnostic relationship of H. rosae is given based on morphological and molecular information and a comparative study of paratype and holotype females. In addition, ITS rRNA and D2-D3 sequences were used for the construction of evolutionary relationship by Bayesian inference. The present study provides molecular data and a redescription of H. rosae collected from the rhizosphere of sugarcane in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identification of new drug and cell therapy targets for disease treatment will be facilitated by a detailed molecular understanding of normal and disease development. Human pluripotent stem cells can provide a large in vitro source of human cell types and, in a growing number of instances, also three-dimensional multicellular tissues called organoids. The application of stem cell technology to discovery and development of new therapies will be aided by detailed molecular characterisation of cell identity, cell signalling pathways and target gene networks. Big data or 'omics' techniques—particularly transcriptomics and proteomics—facilitate cell and tissue characterisation using thousands to tens-of-thousands of genes or proteins. These gene and protein profiles are analysed using existing and/or emergent bioinformatics methods, including a growing number of methods that compare sample profiles against compendia of reference samples. This review assesses how compendium-based analyses can aid the application of stem cell technology for new therapy development. This includes via robust definition of differentiated stem cell identity, as well as elucidation of complex signalling pathways and target gene networks involved in normal and diseased states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the morphological and molecular characterization of Kochinema farodai Baqri and Bohra, 2001, with an integrative approach. The finding of K. faroidai in California is a remarkable biogeographical novelty, as it is the first American record of the species. Molecular data herein obtained represent the first molecular study of the genus Kochinema. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations of a member of Kochinema are provided for the first time. Additionally, this contribution provides new insights into the phylogeny and taxonomy of the nematode genus Kochinema. A brief historical outline of the matter is presented. Then, the morphological pattern of the genus is revised and illustrated, the anterior position of amphids, whose opening is located on lateral lip, being its most relevant diagnostic feature. The phylogenetic analysis inferred from D2–D3 expansion segments of 28S rRNA gene shows that Kochinema clustered together with other dorylaimid species characterized by the absence of pars refringens vaginae and that it does not share a recent common ancestor with other members of the family Nordiidae. A likely polyphyly of the family Nordiidae is confirmed. Finally, an updated taxonomy of the genus is proposed, including a revised diagnosis, a list of species, a key to species identification, and a compendium of their main morphometrics and distribution data.