28 results on '"CRED"'
Search Results
2. Jewellery Between Product and Experience: Luxury in the Twenty-First Century
- Author
-
Cappellieri, Alba, Tenuta, Livia, Testa, Susanna, Muthu, Subramanian Senthilkannan, Series Editor, Gardetti, Miguel Ángel, editor, and Coste-Manière, Ivan, editor
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. InsteaDMatic: towards cross‐platform automated continuous rotation electron diffraction.
- Author
-
Roslova, Maria, Smeets, Stef, Wang, Bin, Thersleff, Thomas, Xu, Hongyi, and Zou, Xiaodong
- Subjects
- *
ELECTRON diffraction , *ROTATIONAL motion , *ZEOLITES , *ACQUISITION of data , *DATA structures , *PROOF of concept , *MICROSCOPES , *UNIT cell - Abstract
A DigitalMicrograph script, InsteaDMatic, has been developed to facilitate rapid automated 3D electron diffraction/microcrystal electron diffraction data acquisition by continuous rotation of a crystal with a constant speed, denoted as continuous rotation electron diffraction. The script coordinates microscope functions, such as stage rotation, and camera functions relevant for data collection, and stores the experiment metadata. The script is compatible with any microscope that can be controlled by DigitalMicrograph and has been tested on both JEOL and Thermo Fisher Scientific microscopes. A proof of concept has been performed through employing InsteaDMatic for data collection and structure determination of a ZSM‐5 zeolite. The influence of illumination settings and electron dose rate on the quality of diffraction data, unit‐cell determination and structure solution has been investigated in order to optimize the data acquisition procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Ecotoxicological effects, water quality standards and risk assessment for the anti-diabetic metformin.
- Author
-
Godoy, Aline Andrade, Domingues, Inês, Arsénia Nogueira, António José, and Kummrow, Fábio
- Subjects
ENVIRONMENTAL toxicology ,WATER quality ,ENVIRONMENTAL risk assessment ,ENVIRONMENTAL quality ,METFORMIN - Abstract
Abstract Metformin (MET) is among the most consumed pharmaceuticals worldwide. This compound has been frequently detected in fresh surface water. However, ecotoxicological information for MET is still too limited, particularly regarding chronic and behavioral data. This study aimed to help filling these knowledge gaps, by carrying out both acute and chronic studies with four different test organisms from three different trophic levels. We assessed different endpoints, including the swimming behavior of Danio rerio larvae. We also derived both short-term and long-term environmental quality standards (EQS) for the protection of freshwater pelagic biota towards MET adverse effects. A risk quotient (RQ) was calculated for MET in fresh surface water, considering a worst-case scenario. Daphnia similis was by far the most sensitive species evaluated. An EC 10 of 4.4 mg L
−1 was obtained from the reproduction test with D. similis. A long-term EQS of 88 μg L−1 was derived and a RQ of 0.38 was obtained. An ecological risk is not expected for the chronic exposure of pelagic freshwater species to MET, considering the endpoints and the standard bioassays usually recommended in standard protocols. However, endocrine disruptive effects and potential interactive effects of MET with other co-occurring contaminants cannot be ruled out. To the best of our knowledge, this study presents the first data related with MET effects on population endpoints of D. similis and Hydra attenuata , as well as on the locomotor activity of D. rerio. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • The swimming behavior of zebrafish larvae exposed to metformin was not disrupted. • Daphnia similis reproduction was the most sensitive endpoint evaluated. • A short-term environmental quality standard of 143 μg L−1 was derived for metformin. • A long-term environmental quality standard of 88 μg L−1 was derived for metformin. • A risk quotient < 1 was calculated for metformin considering fresh surface water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Classification of natural disasters between the legislation and application: experience of the Republic of Serbia
- Author
-
Tin Lukić, Milivoj B. Gavrilov, Slobodan B. Marković, Blaž Komac, Matija Zorn, Dragan Mlađan, Jasmina Đorđević, Miško Milanović, Djordjije A. Vasiljević, Miroslav D. Vujičić, Bogdan Kuzmanović, and Risto Prentović
- Subjects
natural disasters ,classification ,cred ,munich re ,serbia ,Geography (General) ,G1-922 - Abstract
The paper discusses the definitions of natural disasters and recommends the implementation of definitions and classifications of natural disasters in accordance with those decreed at the Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED) and Munich Re insurance Company (Munich RE) for administrative use in the Republic of Serbia. For the Republic of Serbia, the issue of natural disasters is presented both through government documents (e.g. the Law on Emergencies and the National Strategy of the Protection and Rescue in Emergencies) and the survey of the frequency and typology of disasters. Significant discrepancies exist between older and more contemporary classifications of disasters in Serbia. They are especially emphasized in comparison to the CRED and Munich RE classifications and databases. This causes problems in the monitoring, recording and assessment of the effects of natural disasters. It is proposed that definitions be adapted and implemented into legislative and other documents.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Exposure to Credibility-Enhancing Displays Predicts Adoption of Conspiracy Beliefs
- Author
-
Grimes, Scott
- Subjects
- Cognative Science of Religion, conspiracy, conspiracy belief, CRED, credibility-enhancing display, religion, Psychology
- Abstract
Conspiracy beliefs appear endemic to human culture. These beliefs cause real harm to the individuals who espouse them and to their communities. To date much of the scholarly focus on conspiracy beliefs has been limited to a set of cognitive factors implicated in the adoption of these beliefs (e.g., intelligence, cognitive thinking style). Recent developments in a related field (the Cognitive Science of Religion) offer a potentially more accurate model of belief which considers cultural-evolutionary biases that modulate the transmission of information. This study investigated the role that one type of learning bias, the credibility-enhancing display (CRED), has on conspiracy belief transmission. CREDs were found to be the strongest predictor of conspiracy belief in a nationally representative sample of 1024 participants from the United States. Additionally, exposure to CREDs increased believers’ conviction about their beliefs. Conservatism, and reduced cognitive reflection to a lesser extent, also predicted conspiracy belief, in concordance with existing literature.
- Published
- 2023
7. The Financial Services Authority and credit unions ‐ A new era in regulation?
- Author
-
Ryder, Nicholas
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Assessment of Quantitative Standards for Mega-Drought Using Data on Drought Damages
- Author
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Moojong Park and Youngseok Song
- Subjects
natural disaster ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,drought continuous period ,0208 environmental biotechnology ,Geography, Planning and Development ,lcsh:TJ807-830 ,lcsh:Renewable energy sources ,02 engineering and technology ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,drought damage ,01 natural sciences ,parasitic diseases ,Natural disaster ,Socioeconomics ,lcsh:Environmental sciences ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,lcsh:GE1-350 ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,lcsh:Environmental effects of industries and plants ,fungi ,CRED ,mega-drought ,food and beverages ,020801 environmental engineering ,Geography ,lcsh:TD194-195 ,Damages - Abstract
Among natural disasters, droughts can affect a large area for a prolonged period of time. If a drought happens, an appropriate response requires a lot of time and manpower from beginning to end, and continuous management is necessary for further prevention. Using data on drought damages from 1900 to 2018 in 148 countries in six continents around the world, this study was able to set quantitative standards for mega-droughts. According to data on the status of annual drought damages, the frequency of drought damages (1900&ndash, 2018) and the subsequent damage costs (1965&ndash, 2018) are increasing, while human losses (1900&ndash, 2018) are decreasing. Additionally, Africa had the highest frequency of drought damages, while Africa and Asia were ranked at the top of the list in terms of human losses and damage costs, respectively. Droughts persisted for continuous periods ranging from 1 to 17 years, and the total number of cases involving drought damage was estimated to be 600 in total, with total human losses of 11,731,294 people and total accumulated damage costs of $17,367,007,000. This study provided quantitative standards for the frequency of drought damages, human losses, and damage costs for mega-droughts in consideration of continuous drought periods. This study set the quantitative standards for a mega-drought as follows: (1) if drought damages continue to occur in a country for more than seven years, (2) if human losses continue to occur in a country for more than seven years, and (3) if mean annual damage costs of $17,000,000 continue to occur in a country for more than seven years.
- Published
- 2020
9. Classification of natural disasters between the legislation and application: experience of the Republic of Serbia.
- Author
-
Lukić, Tin, Gavrilo, Milivoj B., Marković, Slobodan B., Komac, Blaž, Zorn, Matija, Mlađan, Dragan, Ðorđević, Jasmina, Milanović, Miško, Vasiljević, Djordjije A., Vujičić, Miroslav D., Kuzmanovič, Bogdan, and Prentović, Risto
- Subjects
- *
NATURAL disasters , *GEOGRAPHY , *EPIDEMIOLOGY , *LEGISLATION , *LANDSCAPES , *RESCUE work - Abstract
The paper discusses the definitions of natural disasters and recommends the implementation of definitions and classifications of natural disasters in accordance with those decreed at the Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED) and Munich Re insurance Company (Munich RE) for administrative use in the Republic of Serbia. For the Republic of Serbia, the issue of natural disasters is presented both through government documents (e. g. the Law on Emergencies and the National Strategy of the Protection and Rescue in Emergencies) and the survey of the frequency and typology of disasters. Significant discrepancies exist between older and more contemporary classifications of disasters in Serbia. They are especially emphasized in comparison to the CRED and Munich RE classifications and databases. This causes problems in the monitoring, recording and assessment of the effects of natural disasters. It is proposed that definitions be adapted and implemented into legislative and other documents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Environmental sponsorship -- Opportunity or threat?
- Author
-
Gerrard, Simon and Whattam, Giles
- Subjects
BRANDING (Marketing) ,ENVIRONMENTALISM ,GREEN products ,CORPORATE sponsorship ,CARBON - Abstract
The rush to align brands with the environment brings both opportunity and threat. One particular threat is the complexity of environmental systems. Charting a way through the green maze to capitalise on the power of the environmental message requires high-quality, authoritative information to support claims that products and activities supported by sponsors are actually green. The Carbon Reduction (CRed) programme at the University of East Anglia has evolved to provide such intelligence and help organisations find their own route map to a lower carbon future, avoiding the pitfalls of misalignment along the way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
11. CreA-mediated repression in Aspergillus nidulans does not require transcriptional auto-regulation, regulated intracellular localisation or degradation of CreA
- Author
-
Roy, Preeti, Lockington, Robin A., and Kelly, Joan M.
- Subjects
- *
PROTEINS , *ASPERGILLUS , *TRICHODERMA reesei , *CARBON - Abstract
Abstract: The major regulatory protein in carbon repression in Aspergillus nidulans is CreA. Strains constitutively over-expressing creA show normal responses to carbon repression, indicating that auto-regulation of creA is not essential for CreA-mediated regulation. In these strains, high levels of CreA are present whether cells are grown in repressing or derepressing conditions, indicating large-scale degradation of CreA does not play a key role. CreA is located in the nucleus and cytoplasm in cells when grown in either repressing or derepressing conditions, and absence of CreB, CreD or AcrB does not affect either the localisation or amount of CreA. Therefore, CreA must require some modification or interaction to act as a repressor. Deletion analysis indicates that a region of CreA thought to be important for repression in Trichoderma reesei and Sclerotina sclerotiorum CreA homologues is not critical for function in Aspergillus nidulans. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Mapping Disastrous Natural Hazards Using Global Datasets.
- Author
-
PEDUZZI, P. and HEROLD, H.
- Abstract
The increased interest for categorising countries at risk calls for an improved methodology allowing comparison of natural hazard impacts at a global level. A disaster is the intersection between a hazardous event, the elements at risk (population, infrastructures) and their vulnerability. In order to associate reported impacts with affected elements and socio-economic or geophysical contextual parameters, geographical location and extent of hazards is needed. The scope of this paper is to present improved automated procedures for a rapid mapping of large disastrous hazard events (floods, earthquakes, cyclones and volcanoes) using Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and available global datasets. Up to 82% of the events and 88% of the reported victims could be geo-referenced and the results highlight both the potentialities and limitations of the methods applied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. InsteaDMatic: Towards cross-platform automated continuous rotation electron diffraction
- Author
-
Xiaodong Zou, Hongyi Xu, Stef Smeets, Maria Roslova, Thomas Thersleff, and Bin Wang
- Subjects
Diffraction ,Microscope ,Materials science ,continuous rotation electron diffraction ,ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION ,FOS: Physical sciences ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,law.invention ,Crystal ,Optics ,Data acquisition ,microED ,law ,microcrystal electron diffraction ,Condensed Matter - Materials Science ,Data collection ,business.industry ,DigitalMicrograph scripts ,Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Research Papers ,3D electron diffraction ,structure determination ,0104 chemical sciences ,3DED ,Electron diffraction ,Proof of concept ,cRED ,automated data collection ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Rotation (mathematics) - Abstract
A DigitalMicrograph script named InsteaDMatic has been developed for automated continuous rotation electron diffraction (cRED) data acquisition. InsteaDMatic coordinates functions of the transmission electron microscope goniometer and camera in order to tune up diffraction-frame recording simultaneously with crystal rotation. Exploiting fast and automated data collection, the influence of the electron dose rate on the quality of cRED data was studied, and structural models obtained for two different parallel-beam illumination modes (aperture selection and nanoprobe) were compared., A DigitalMicrograph script, InsteaDMatic, has been developed to facilitate rapid automated 3D electron diffraction/microcrystal electron diffraction data acquisition by continuous rotation of a crystal with a constant speed, denoted as continuous rotation electron diffraction. The script coordinates microscope functions, such as stage rotation, and camera functions relevant for data collection, and stores the experiment metadata. The script is compatible with any microscope that can be controlled by DigitalMicrograph and has been tested on both JEOL and Thermo Fisher Scientific microscopes. A proof of concept has been performed through employing InsteaDMatic for data collection and structure determination of a ZSM-5 zeolite. The influence of illumination settings and electron dose rate on the quality of diffraction data, unit-cell determination and structure solution has been investigated in order to optimize the data acquisition procedure.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Intervención de enfermería en consejería nutricional a madres de niños menores de 3 años con anemia ferropénica en servicio CRED del establecimiento de salud 1-1 Laynas -Piura, 2015-2017
- Author
-
Chiroque Zurita, Nataly Katherine and Moreno Obregón, Agustina Pilar
- Subjects
CRED ,hemoglobina ,anemia - Abstract
El presente informe profesional tiene como finalidad presentar las experiencias de niños con anemia atendidos en el consultorio de enfermería del EE.SS 1-1 LAYNAS y la importancia de las consejerías nutricionales como elemento clave. Ya que la anemia es una enfermedad que sufren o padecen muchos peruanos y se presenta cuando los valores de hemoglobina en sangre han disminuido por debajo de los valores normales debido a la deficiencia de hierro, dentro la población más vulnerable encontramos a los niños, quienes son los actores principales en el presente informe laboral; y siendo esta una condición que influye tanto el crecimiento como el desarrollo interfiriendo directamente en las actividades cotidianas de los niños, lo podemos evidenciar en los controles CRED, ya que es aquí donde se evalúan las diversas áreas psicomotriz, cognitiva, social y del lenguaje. El profesional de enfermería tiene que estar a la vanguardia con la convicción de ayudar a la población a vivir mejor. Y siendo testigos de este problema nos sentimos en la obligación de poner en evidencia mediante este documento nuestras experiencia para q sirvan como referencia a la práctica. Ya que el impacto de esta enfermedad afectan directamente a nuestros niños, según estadísticas en un alto porcentaje. Trabajo academico
- Published
- 2018
15. Intervención de enfermería en el crecimiento y desarrollo del niño menor de 3 años que acude al servicio de CRED. centro médico Tambo Grande Essalud - Piura, 2015 - 2017
- Author
-
Barreros López, Yesela Patricia and Moreno Obregón, Agustina Pilar
- Subjects
CRED ,desnutrición ,crecimiento y desarrollo - Abstract
La OMS, en América latina, manifiesta que actualmente el 50% de niños menores de 6 años sufre algún grado de desnutrición, se suma a ello las condiciones económicas, sociales y culturales que limitan el crecimiento y desarrollo adecuado del niño, sobre todo en las áreas rurales, poniendo en riesgo su salud . En el Perú , se estima que el 25.6% de niños menores de cinco años tiene un déficit de talla para la edad , es decir no ha logrado expresar su potencial de crecimiento debido a limitaciones en la ingesta de alimentos y el acceso a cuidados adecuados. (1) La evaluación del crecimiento y desarrollo como componente de la Atención Integral de Salud de la niña y el niño, tiene la finalidad de brindar atención integral de calidad respondiendo a sus necesidades de salud y contribuyendo a elevar su calidad de vida como base para un desarrollo sostenible del país, basado en el marco del modelo de atención integral de salud (MAIS). (2) El presente informe de experiencia profesional titulado: "Intervención de enfermería en el crecimiento y desarrollo del niño menor de 3 años que acude al servicio de CRED, centro médico Tambogrande Essalud - Piura, 2015-2017"; tiene por finalidad describir y resaltar el gran significado y rol que tiene el profesional de enfermería que labora en el área de crecimiento y desarrollo cuya intervención está orientada a promover la salud física, mental y emocional que el niño requiere para su buen crecimiento y desarrollo, y prevenir enfermedades que puedan alterar este proceso, pero que por diversos factores las pautas que se requieren para una buena evaluación de enfermería no son tomadas en cuenta o son tratadas superficialmente sobre todo en la evaluación del crecimiento y desarrollo de los niños menores de 3años, ya que este grupo presenta más riesgo y vulnerabilidad a sufrir enfermedades Trabajo academico
- Published
- 2018
16. Intervención del profesional de enfermería en el control de crecimiento y desarrollo del niño 2010-2013 E.S- 1.3- Nueva Esperanza-Piura
- Author
-
Guerra Sernaqué, Silvia Margot and Zuta Arriola, Noemí
- Subjects
desarrollo integral ,infancia ,salud preventiva ,CRED - Abstract
El presente informe de experiencia profesional tiene por finalidad presentar mi experiencia profesional en la intervención de enfermería en la atención de CRED en el servicio de Enfermería, consultorio de Crecimiento y Desarrollo del Establecimiento de Salud (E.S.) 1-3 "Nueva Esperanza" de Piura en los años 2010 al 2013. Así mismo, contribuirá al conocimiento en la problemática del desarrollo de las actividades del CRED. Espero que este informe sirva de referencia de la intervención de enfermería a otros profesionales de la especialidad en el área de Crecimiento y Desarrollo. El desarrollo integral de la infancia es fundamental para el desarrollo humano y la construcción de capital social, elementos considerados principales y necesarios para romper el ciclo de pobreza y reducir las brechas de inequidad. El gobierno peruano promueve la salud preventiva en los menores de edad a través de dos acciones importantes: la vacunación o inmunización oportuna y el monitoreo regular del crecimiento y desarrollo, especialmente en la primera infancia Trabajo academico
- Published
- 2017
17. Assessment of Quantitative Standards for Mega-Drought Using Data on Drought Damages.
- Author
-
Song, Youngseok and Park, Moojong
- Abstract
Among natural disasters, droughts can affect a large area for a prolonged period of time. If a drought happens, an appropriate response requires a lot of time and manpower from beginning to end, and continuous management is necessary for further prevention. Using data on drought damages from 1900 to 2018 in 148 countries in six continents around the world, this study was able to set quantitative standards for mega-droughts. According to data on the status of annual drought damages, the frequency of drought damages (1900–2018) and the subsequent damage costs (1965–2018) are increasing, while human losses (1900–2018) are decreasing. Additionally, Africa had the highest frequency of drought damages, while Africa and Asia were ranked at the top of the list in terms of human losses and damage costs, respectively. Droughts persisted for continuous periods ranging from 1 to 17 years, and the total number of cases involving drought damage was estimated to be 600 in total, with total human losses of 11,731,294 people and total accumulated damage costs of $17,367,007,000. This study provided quantitative standards for the frequency of drought damages, human losses, and damage costs for mega-droughts in consideration of continuous drought periods. This study set the quantitative standards for a mega-drought as follows: (1) if drought damages continue to occur in a country for more than seven years, (2) if human losses continue to occur in a country for more than seven years, and (3) if mean annual damage costs of $17,000,000 continue to occur in a country for more than seven years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Classification of natural disasters between the legislation and application: experience of the Republic of Serbia
- Author
-
Slobodan B. Marković, Jasmina Đorđević, Risto Prentović, Miroslav D. Vujičić, Djordjije A. Vasiljević, Tin Lukić, Bogdan Kuzmanović, Blaž Komac, Matija Zorn, Milivoj B. Gavrilov, Dragan Mlađan, and Miško Milanović
- Subjects
Typology ,Reinsurance ,Government ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Operations research ,Geography, Planning and Development ,CRED ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,021107 urban & regional planning ,Legislation ,Legislature ,02 engineering and technology ,Public administration ,01 natural sciences ,The Republic ,Munich RE ,Geography ,natural disasters ,classification ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Natural disaster ,Serbia ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
The paper discusses the definitions of natural disasters and recommends the implementation of definitions and classifications of natural disasters in accordance with those decreed at the Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED) and Munich Re insurance Company (Munich RE) for administrative use in the Republic of Serbia. For the Republic of Serbia, the issue of natural disasters is presented both through government documents (e.g. the Law on Emergencies and the National Strategy of the Protection and Rescue in Emergencies) and the survey of the frequency and typology of disasters. Significant discrepancies exist between older and more contemporary classifications of disasters in Serbia. They are especially emphasized in comparison to the CRED and Munich RE classifications and databases. This causes problems in the monitoring, recording and assessment of the effects of natural disasters. It is proposed that definitions be adapted and implemented into legislative and other documents.
- Published
- 2013
19. In The Hot Seat With Forbes Advisor India: Kunal Shah.
- Author
-
Jain, Aashika
- Subjects
CREDIT cards ,CONSULTANTS ,COINS ,PAYMENT - Abstract
Kunal Shah is the founder of CRED, a members-only credit card payment app that allows members to manage all their credit cards in one place, remind them of their due dates and reward them with coins that can be redeemed on experiences, brands and other benefits, every time they pay their bills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
20. Kenya Toward a National Crop and Livestock Insurance Program : Summary of Policy Suggestions
- Author
-
World Bank Group
- Subjects
INFORMATION ,INVESTMENT ,INFRASTRUCTURE ,EXTREME POVERTY ,REINSURANCE ,INSURANCE COMPANIES ,WEATHER INSURANCE ,INSURANCE RISK ,AGRICULTURAL INSURANCE SCHEME ,PROGRAMS ,INSURANCE COMPANY ,DISASTER REDUCTION ,GOVERNMENT INSURANCE ,LOSS ,INSURANCE COVERAGE ,RISK ASSESSMENT ,FINANCIAL SECTOR ,LIVESTOCK INSURANCE ,LOSSES ,REINSURANCE COMPANIES ,AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION ,CREDIT UNIONS ,INCOME ,BENEFICIARIES ,INVESTMENTS ,REINSURANCE MARKETS ,CRED ,CATASTROPHIC LOSSES ,EDUCATION ,INCENTIVES ,COVERAGE ,PRIVATE INSURANCE ,INSURANCE COVER ,REINSURERS ,CROP INSURANCE ,BANK ,LOANS ,TECHNOLOGIES ,CONSUMER PROTECTION ,FARMERS ,RISK MANAGEMENT ,FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE ,GREENHOUSE INSURANCE ,SOLVENCY ,INSURERS ,COMMERCIAL INSURANCE ,MARKETS ,DISASTER SITUATIONS ,FINANCE ,SUSTAINABILITY ,FLOOD ,RELIEF ASSISTANCE ,RATES ,DISASTER RESPONSES ,WELFARE ,AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES ,POLICYHOLDERS ,UNDERWRITING ,RELIEF EFFORTS ,PREMIUMS ,PRICING ,EXTREME NATURAL DISASTER ,SUBSISTENCE FARMERS ,RELIEF ,GUARANTEES ,MARKET FAILURE ,NATURAL HAZARDS ,NEGOTIATIONS ,ECONOMIC BENEFITS ,MARKET ,CLAIMS ,INSURANCE PRODUCT ,DROUGHTS ,CLIMATE CHANGE ,CONSUMERS ,FLOODING ,COINSURANCE ,NATURAL DISASTER SITUATIONS ,INSURANCE POLICY ,CONTINGENT LIABILITY ,LONG-TERM FINANCING ,PORTFOLIO ,DROUGHT ,VALUE ,RISK ,CROP INSURANCE PROGRAM ,INSURER ,DERIVATIVES ,FOREIGN AFFAIRS ,FOOD SECURITY ,INSURANCE MARKET ,FARMER ,CREDIT INSURANCE ,POLICIES ,EMERGENCY ,POLICY ,REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ,ECONOMIC IMPACT ,FINANCIAL SYSTEM ,SAFETY ,DISASTERS ,REGULATION ,INSURANCE ,INSURANCE SOLUTIONS ,PRICE ,NATURAL DISASTERS ,BANKS ,AGRICULTURAL INSURANCE ,DISASTER RELIEF ,INSURANCE SCHEMES ,NATURAL DISASTER ,CREDIT ,BENEFITS ,DISASTER RISK FINANCING ,TECHNOLOGY ,MARKET FAILURES ,AGENTS ,FLOODS ,PRIVATE INSURANCE COMPANIES ,INSURANCE PRODUCTS ,INDEMNITY ,LEGAL FRAMEWORK ,INSURANCE PORTFOLIO ,DISASTER ,FINANCIAL SUPPORT ,SAVINGS ,CLIMATE ,DISASTER RISK ,INSURANCE PREMIUMS ,INSURANCE MARKETS ,INSURANCE SCHEME ,INSURANCE CONTRACTS ,INTERNATIONAL REINSURANCE ,LAW - Abstract
At the request of the government of Kenya and under its guidance, a team of national and international experts conducted an appraisal of different agricultural insurance options for Kenya.This appraisal, as set out in this document and the accompanying technical analysis, lays out the costs and benefits of developing large-scale agricultural insurance that involves both the public and private spheres.The analysis considers potential structures for large-scale agricultural insurance in Kenya, the fiscal cost to the government of Kenya, and the economic benefits for farmers and pastoralists. In order for it to partner with the private sector to prepare and implement a large scale agricultural insurance program, the government should consider taking the following next steps.The government of Kenya may build on there commendations by the Program Steering Committee to take the lead in formulating a national policy on agriculture insurance, in cooperation with county administrations and private insurance companies. The government of Kenya may develop a road map for establishing the institutions required for large-scale agricultural insurance programs, with the goal of covering at least a fifth of Kenya’s agricultural producers. As next steps for establishing livestock insurance, the government of Kenya may decide how to integrate the proposed insurance product with other existing protection mechanisms. As next steps for crop insurance, the government of Kenya may seek consultations with agricultural banks and work with private sector insurers to develop a data audit system acceptable to international reinsurers.
- Published
- 2015
21. The Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery : Global Program Review
- Author
-
Independent Evaluation Group
- Subjects
EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS ,EARTHQUAKE RECONSTRUCTION ,MDB ,INFRASTRUCTURE ,RISK ANALYSIS ,BUDGET ,OVERHEAD COSTS ,DISASTER EVENTS ,HURRICANE ,PROJECTS ,UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ,EXTREME EVENTS ,DISASTER REDUCTION ,DISASTER MANAGEMENT ,DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ,DISASTER RECOVERY ,EMPLOYMENT ,TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ,CRITERIA ,RISK ASSESSMENT ,FLOOD PROTECTION ,LAND USE ,WARNING SYSTEM ,LENDING ,SAFETY NETS ,DAMAGE ,EARLY WARNING SYSTEM ,RISK REDUCTION ,CRED ,EMERGENCY RESPONSE ,MUNICIPALITIES ,EARTHQUAKES ,URBANIZATION ,BUILDING CODE ,DISASTER_RISK ,GOVERNMENTS ,CASH CONTRIBUTIONS ,REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT BANKS ,RESOURCE MOBILIZATION ,AUDITING ,BANK ,RISK FACTORS ,NATIONAL EMERGENCY ,LOANS ,TECHNOLOGIES ,DISASTER PREPAREDNESS ,MUNICIPAL DEVELOPMENT ,RISK MANAGEMENT PROJECT ,FUNDS FLOW ,DISASTER RISK REDUCTION ,DEVELOPMENT BANKS ,RISK MANAGEMENT ,BANK MANAGEMENT ,STRATEGIES ,DISASTER RESPONSE ,RURAL COMMUNITY ,INSURERS ,INDUSTRY ,HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ,MARKETS ,MULTILATERAL DEVELOPMENT BANKS ,DISASTER SITUATIONS ,FINANCE ,DMF ,ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS ,FISCAL YEAR ,RISK_REDUCTION ,FLOOD ,BUILDING CODES ,DISASTER MANAGEMENT FACILITY ,RELIEF OPERATIONS ,DEVASTATION ,HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE ,ENTERPRISES ,DONOR PLEDGES ,EMERGENCIES ,INFORMATION SYSTEM ,SERVICES ,EMERGENCY RELIEF ,RELIEF ,RISKS ,DISASTER EMERGENCY ,NATURAL HAZARDS ,INTERNATIONAL STRATEGY FOR DISASTER REDUCTION ,NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS ,PROPERTY ,FINANCIAL RISK ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ,EMERGENCY PLANNING ,PUBLIC SAFETY ,FACTORING ,DEVOLUTION ,CLIMATE CHANGE ,FLOODING ,ALLIANCE ,DISASTER RECONSTRUCTION ,NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION ,STORMS ,DISASTER_RISK_REDUCTION ,DISASTER PREVENTION ,DECLARATION ,DONOR COORDINATION ,NATURAL HAZARD ,MINISTRIES OF FINANCE ,EPIDEMIOLOGY ,NATURAL DISASTER REDUCTION ,EARTHQUAKE ,ACCOUNTING ,DROUGHT ,VALUE ,RISK ,DISASTER PRONE AREAS ,DISASTER MONITORING ,RATING AGENCIES ,FOREIGN AFFAIRS ,ACCESS TO INFORMATION ,LOCAL GOVERNMENT ,CAPITAL MARKETS ,GOVERNANCE ,PRINCIPAL ,EMERGENCY ,REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ,ACCOUNTING SYSTEMS ,CENTRE FOR RESEARCH ON THE EPIDEMIOLOGY ,LOCAL GOVERNMENTS ,FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ,SAFETY ,DEVELOPMENT NETWORK ,DISASTERS ,LANDSLIDES ,INSURANCE ,REVENUE ,NATURAL DISASTERS ,EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT ,DISASTER ASSISTANCE ,BANKS ,GRANTS ,LAND ,AGRICULTURAL INSURANCE ,DISASTER RELIEF ,EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS ,PUBLIC POLICY ,EMERGENCY SERVICES ,EARLY WARNING ,TUBERCULOSIS ,NATURAL DISASTER ,CREDIT ,TSUNAMI ,EFFECTIVE GOVERNANCE ,FLOOD DAMAGE ,DONOR PLEDGE ,FORECASTING ,TSUNAMIS ,TECHNOLOGY ,DISASTER RISKS ,DAMAGES ,LABOR ,FLOODS ,HOUSING ,ECONOMICS ,DISASTER MITIGATION ,CIVIL DEFENSE ,INTEREST ,WARNING SYSTEMS ,WATER SUPPLY ,TRANSPORT ,LAWS ,DISASTER ,DISASTER RISK ,FLOOD FORECASTING ,FACE VALUE ,ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES ,TRUST FUNDS ,URBAN DEVELOPMENT ,ACCOUNTABILITY ,ISLAMIC DEVELOPMENT BANK - Abstract
GFDRR was established in September 2006 as a global partnership of the World Bank, UN agencies and bilateral donors, located in World Bank headquarters in Washington, DC. Its missions are (a) to mainstream disaster reduction and climate change adaptation (CCA) in country development strategies, and (b) to foster and strengthen global and regional cooperation among various stakeholders under the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR) system. GFDRR supports the implementation of the UN 2005-2015 Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA). This international agreement in relation to disaster risk reduction (DRR) arose from a 168-nation UN conference held in Kyoto, Japan, in 2005. The key player for coordinating the implementation of HFA is the UNISDR bureau with headquarters in Geneva and eight regional offices worldwide. Another UN agency with operational responsibility for UN disaster related work is the UNDP-BCPR. These two UN agencies and GFDRR have complementary goals, creating potential for collaboration among the three organizations, but also calling for care in monitoring the risk of overlapping work among them and other DRR actors. UNISDR was a founding partner of GFDRR and UNDP-BCPR became a permanent observer to GFDRR in 2008.
- Published
- 2012
22. Indonesia : Advancing a National Disaster Risk Financing Strategy--Options for Consideration
- Author
-
World Bank
- Subjects
DISASTER EVENT ,EVACUATION ,STORM ,RISK ANALYSIS ,REINSURANCE ,FIRE ,INSURANCE COMPANIES ,DISASTER EVENTS ,HURRICANE ,INSURANCE COMPANY ,CONTINGENCY PLAN ,EXTREME EVENTS ,DISASTER REDUCTION ,DISASTER MANAGEMENT ,DISASTER RECOVERY ,RISK ASSESSMENT ,EL NINO ,WARNING SYSTEM ,DAMAGE ,EARLY WARNING SYSTEM ,TERRORISM ,RISK REDUCTION ,CRED ,EMERGENCY RESPONSE ,TROPICAL CYCLONE ,EARTHQUAKES ,BUILDING CODE ,PRIVATE INSURANCE ,TORNADOS ,REINSURERS ,BANK ,INSURANCE CONTRACT ,RELIEF ACTIVITIES ,DISASTER PREPAREDNESS ,DISASTER RISK REDUCTION ,DISASTER RESPONSE ,RELIEF SUPPLIES ,INSURERS ,EMERGENCY RECOVERY ,INFORMATION SYSTEMS ,DAMAGE ASSESSMENT ,FLOOD ,SOUTHERN OSCILLATION ,RELIEF OPERATIONS ,DEVASTATION ,ERUPTION ,FIRES ,DONOR PLEDGES ,EMERGENCIES ,VOLCANIC ERUPTION ,RELIEF EFFORTS ,RESCUE ,EXTREME NATURAL DISASTER ,EMERGENCY RELIEF ,RELIEF ,RISKS ,DISASTER EMERGENCY ,NATURAL HAZARDS ,DISASTER REHABILITATION ,VICTIMS ,INTERNATIONAL STRATEGY FOR DISASTER REDUCTION ,RELIEF OPERATION ,SAVING ,VULNERABILITY TO DISASTERS ,FINANCIAL RISK ,ATLANTIC HURRICANE ,EXPLOSIONS ,WIND SPEEDS ,DISASTER EMERGENCY RESPONSE ,DROUGHTS ,CATASTROPHIC EVENTS ,SMOKE ,CLIMATE CHANGE ,EXTREME EVENT ,FLOODING ,LANDSLIDE ,DISASTER RECONSTRUCTION ,STORMS ,DISASTER PREVENTION ,DECLARATION ,WIND SPEED ,INSURANCE PREMIUM ,EMERGENCY RECOVERY LOANS ,INSURANCE INDUSTRY ,REINSURER ,HURRICANES ,RECOVERY OPERATIONS ,EARTHQUAKE ,DROUGHT ,COMMERCIAL BANK ,RISK ,DAMAGED HOUSES ,INSURER ,EMERGENCY SHELTER ,CATASTROPHIC EVENT ,HAIL STORM ,TROPICAL CYCLONES ,EMERGENCY ,VOLCANO ,SAFETY ,DISASTERS ,LANDSLIDES ,FOREST FIRES ,DISASTER ACTIVITIES ,INSURANCE ,ENSO ,NATURAL DISASTERS ,TROPICAL STORMS ,EMERGENCY SHELTERS ,EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT ,DISASTER ASSISTANCE ,ACCIDENT ,BANKS ,AGRICULTURAL INSURANCE ,DISASTER RELIEF ,IMPACT OF DISASTERS ,EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS ,PRIVATE REINSURANCE ,EMERGENCY SERVICES ,EARLY WARNING ,NATURAL DISASTER ,TSUNAMI ,VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS ,DISASTER INSURANCE ,PHYSICAL DAMAGE ,TORNADO ,TSUNAMIS ,TECHNOLOGY ,DISASTER RISKS ,DAMAGES ,FLOODS ,FLOODED ,DISASTER MITIGATION ,INDEMNITY ,WARNING SYSTEMS ,EMERGENCY OPERATIONS ,DISPLACED PERSONS ,DISASTER ,SAVINGS ,EMERGENCY NEEDS ,DISASTER RISK ,INSURANCE PREMIUMS ,EMERGENCY RESPONSE ACTIVITIES ,EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE ,ERUPTIONS ,INSURANCE CONTRACTS ,SLUMS ,RISK EXPOSURE - Abstract
This study presents options for a national disaster risk financing strategy in Indonesia, drawing heavily on international experience. The study discusses a series of complementary options for a national disaster risk financing strategy, based on a preliminary fiscal risk analysis and a review of the current budget management of natural disasters in Indonesia. It benefits from the international experience of the World Bank, which has assisted several countries in the design and implementation of sovereign catastrophe risk financing strategies. The rehabilitation and reconstruction fund is the main budget instrument for the Government of Indonesia (GoI) to finance public post-disaster expenditures, but it is under-capitalized. This study presents an optimal combination of risk-retention and risk transfer instruments that could help the GoI increase its immediate financial response capacity against natural disasters and better protect its fiscal balance. Building on the three-tier risk layering approach promoted by the World Bank and the preliminary fiscal risk assessment analysis, the following financial strategy could be considered by the GoI. This strategy would provide the GoI with access to immediate liquidity in the aftermath of a disaster at a competitive cost. The strategy would allow the GoI to access up to US$1.8 billion liquidity in the aftermath of a disaster in order to finance immediate post-disaster expenditures, such as grants for livelihood and low income housing reconstruction. Preliminary disaster fiscal risk assessment analysis shows that this would protect the GoI against disasters occurring every 100 years. The implementation of a national disaster risk financing strategy would require significant institutional capacity building.
- Published
- 2011
23. Calculating Multi-hazard City Risk
- Author
-
World Bank
- Subjects
WIND SPEEDS ,SLUM ,THUNDERSTORMS ,VOLCANOES ,CLIMATE CHANGE ,CLIMATE CHANGES ,CATASTROPHE LOSS ,STORM ,FLOODING ,INVENTORY ,LANDSLIDE ,RISK ANALYSIS ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,TORNADOES ,DISASTER PREVENTION ,HURRICANE ,WIND SPEED ,PROGRAMS ,INSURANCE INDUSTRY ,DISASTER REDUCTION ,DRIVERS ,INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES ,TYPHOONS ,EXTREME WEATHER ,NATURAL HAZARD ,EMPLOYMENT ,TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ,RISK ASSESSMENT ,EARTHQUAKE ,HEAT WAVE ,LAND USE ,DROUGHT ,DISMISSAL ,INCOME ,RISK REDUCTION ,URBAN ECONOMY ,CRED ,LOCAL GOVERNMENT ,OUTPUTS ,RESOURCE ALLOCATION ,TROPICAL CYCLONE ,MUNICIPALITIES ,EARTHQUAKES ,HAZARD ,RISK EVALUATION ,COVERAGE ,CENTRE FOR RESEARCH ON THE EPIDEMIOLOGY ,INTEGRITY ,LOCAL GOVERNMENTS ,TORNADOS ,RISK FACTORS ,LANDSLIDES ,INSURANCE ,SOCIAL SERVICES ,DISASTER PREPAREDNESS ,DISASTER RISK REDUCTION ,NATURAL DISASTERS ,SECTORAL ANALYSIS ,RISK MANAGEMENT ,DISASTER ASSISTANCE ,DISASTER RELIEF ,CAPITAL INVESTMENT ,INSURERS ,HAZARDS ,DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS ,INNOVATIONS ,NATURAL DISASTER ,INFORMATION SYSTEMS ,VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS ,NATURAL PHENOMENON ,BUILDING CODES ,COLLECTIVE ACTION ,DISASTER RISKS ,FLOOD ,TSUNAMIS ,DAMAGES ,AGENTS ,DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES ,FIRES ,FLOODS ,INCREMENTAL COSTS ,APPLICATIONS ,HOUSING ,DISASTER MITIGATION ,INFORMATION SYSTEM ,MORTALITY ,RISK MANAGEMENT CONSULTANTS ,WATER SUPPLY ,URBAN GROWTH ,TRANSPORT ,TYPHOON ,DISASTER ,SOCIAL CAPITAL ,NATURAL HAZARDS ,ADVERSE EFFECTS ,DISASTER RISK ,URBAN DEVELOPMENT - Abstract
Nearly half of East Asia population lives in cities and the region is urbanizing so rapidly that built up areas are projected to increase faster here than in any other region in the next twenty years. Still, more than half of slum dwellers around the world live in East Asia. These are the people most vulnerable to disaster impacts. Given that Asia accounted for more than a third of the number of all reported disasters in 2010, and that natural disasters have quadrupled in the region during the past twenty years the fastest rate of increase of any region in the world managing urban growth for resilience is increasingly important. And yet, many cities do not have master plans to guide their projected growth, let alone tools for risk sensitive land use planning. The impetus for action will come from accessible tools that allow local policymakers to first minimize risk today and then think about addressing future risk. This methodology report describes the underlying risk components, including a description of the models required inputs related to metropolitan elements at risk, hazard sub-indices for thirteen hazard types and thirty parameters of physical, socioeconomic, and institutional vulnerability. In addition to this report, three city reports present results that can be used by a variety of users from those interested in the overall city wide risk from all natural hazards to those interested in more disaggregated information.
- Published
- 2011
24. Populations at Risk of Disaster : A Resettlement Guide
- Author
-
Correa, Elena, Ramirez, Fernando, and Sanahuja, Haris
- Subjects
EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS ,PUBLIC SAFETY ,EVACUATION ,CLIMATE CHANGE ,CONTINGENCY PLANS ,STORM ,FLOODING ,INVENTORY ,LANDSLIDE ,RISK ANALYSIS ,DISASTER REDUCTION INITIATIVES ,REINSURANCE ,NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION ,FIRE ,DISASTER PREVENTION ,ECONOMIC RISK ,HURRICANE ,FAULT LINE ,INFLATION ,HEAVY RAIN ,UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ,EXTREME EVENTS ,DISASTER MANAGEMENT ,NATURAL HAZARD ,EARTHQUAKE ,HEAT WAVE ,LAND USE ,REINSURANCE COMPANIES ,DROUGHT ,PRODUCTIVITY ,RISK REDUCTION ,CRED ,EMERGENCY RESPONSE ,FOOD SECURITY ,LOCAL GOVERNMENT ,HEAVY RAINFALL ,URBANIZATION ,TROPICAL CYCLONES ,COVERAGE ,CENTRE FOR RESEARCH ON THE EPIDEMIOLOGY ,FLOOD CONTROL ,ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION ,METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION ,HEALTH CARE ,RISK FACTORS ,SAFETY ,FOREST FIRES ,DISASTER PREPAREDNESS ,DISASTER RISK REDUCTION ,TROPICAL STORMS ,RISK MANAGEMENT ,BANKS ,DISASTER ASSISTANCE ,IMPACT OF DISASTERS ,REDUCING POVERTY ,EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS ,PUBLIC POLICY ,SAFETY CONDITIONS ,MITIGATION ,DEPOSITS ,EARLY WARNING ,NATURAL DISASTER ,INFORMATION SYSTEMS ,TSUNAMI ,VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS ,LEGISLATION ,REHABILITATION PROGRAM ,NATURAL PHENOMENON ,FLOOD ,RECONSTRUCTION ,RATES ,DAMAGES ,AGENTS ,RISK MITIGATION ,ERUPTION ,SUBSIDIARY ,MITIGATION MEASURES ,EMERGENCIES ,INDIGENOUS PEOPLES ,RISK MANAGEMENT POLICIES ,HOUSING ,RISK TRANSFER ,URBAN GROWTH ,NATURAL RESOURCES ,TRANSPORT ,WARS ,AREA OF INFLUENCE ,DISASTER ,SAVINGS ,INTERNATIONAL STRATEGY FOR DISASTER REDUCTION ,NUMBER OF VICTIMS ,VICTIMS ,DISASTER RISK ,INSECT INFESTATION ,SURFACE TEMPERATURE ,ACCOUNTABILITY - Abstract
This book is designed for governments that make decisions on the application of preventive resettlement programs as disaster risk reduction measures, as well as for institutions and professionals in charge of preparing and implementing these programs, civil society organizations participating in resettlement and risk reduction processes, and at-risk communities. The basic premises of the guide are that resettlement as a preventive measure should be incorporated in comprehensive risk reduction strategies in order to be effective; and that resettlement's objective is to protect the lives and assets of persons at risk and to improve or at least restore their living conditions. The guide has two parts. The first consists of two chapters. The first of these looks at disasters occurring worldwide and their impacts, and discusses strategic frameworks for disaster risk reduction. The second chapter analyzes resettlement as a preventive measure in the context of comprehensive risk management policy. It examines the relevance of resettlement according to the type of natural hazards and to their characteristics, as well as the savings achieved by promoting this type of resettlement rather than handling a disaster generated emergency and recovering from it. In this chapter, preventive resettlement is to be included in the public policy sphere, since it is based on recognition of the rights and responsibilities of public, private, and civil society stakeholders, and is to be guided by principles of effectiveness, equity, and general public well-being.
- Published
- 2011
25. Guyana Rice Supply Chain Risk Assessment
- Author
-
World Bank
- Subjects
DRAINAGE ,OUTBREAK ,WEEDS ,CROP DIVERSIFICATION ,REINSURANCE ,RURAL DEVELOPMENT ,FARM ,INSURANCE COMPANIES ,CHEMICALS ,LAND PREPARATION ,HARVESTING ,SPRING ,MILK ,COMMODITY ,AGRICULTURAL LAND ,EMPLOYMENT ,EXPORT MARKETS ,RISK ASSESSMENT ,IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT ,AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION ,EARLY WARNING SYSTEM ,PRODUCTIVITY ,CRED ,FARM SIZE ,WATER AVAILABILITY ,FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES ,FLOOD MANAGEMENT ,PRODUCTION COSTS ,REGIONAL PRODUCTION ,AVERAGE YIELDS ,ACCESS TO IRRIGATION ,LABOR COSTS ,YIELD LOSS ,PLANT PROTECTION ,SEED ,DISASTER RESPONSE ,PLOWING ,SUGAR ,AGRONOMIC PRACTICES ,IRRIGATION SYSTEMS ,RICE MILLING ,CROP YIELD ,MARGINAL FARMERS ,RICE FIELDS ,RICE RESEARCH ,RURAL AREAS ,FLOOD ,CROP YEAR ,HARVEST AREA ,WATER SHORTAGE ,LEVELS OF VULNERABILITY ,AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES ,CROP ,FARM-MANAGEMENT ,FAO ,REGIONAL LEVEL ,DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS ,WORKING CAPITAL ,RICE CROPS ,CROP PRODUCTION ,WATER SCARCITY ,RICE PRICES ,DRAINAGE INFRASTRUCTURE ,AGRICULTURAL RISK ,AGRICULTURE ,CLIMATE CHANGE ,PRODUCTION VOLUMES ,SEED PRODUCTION ,UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME ,FLOODING ,SOWING ,DRY CONDITIONS ,PADDY YIELDS ,SEED DEVELOPMENT ,HARVESTERS ,RICE CULTIVATION ,HYBRID SEED ,ACCOUNTING ,DROUGHT ,COMMERCIAL BANK ,CAPACITY ASSESSMENT ,PEST MANAGEMENT ,FARMER ,PADDY ,CENTRE FOR RESEARCH ON THE EPIDEMIOLOGY ,FLOOD CONTROL ,SUPPLIERS ,CROPPING ,CROP LOSSES ,WATER FOR IRRIGATION ,INSURANCE ,FARMING ,BIOLOGICAL CONTROL ,BANKS ,DISASTER ASSISTANCE ,AGRICULTURAL SECTOR ,AGRICULTURE EXTENSION SERVICES ,EMPLOYMENT CREATION ,RICE GRAINS ,RICE MILLS ,EARLY WARNING ,CARIBBEAN REGION ,GRAIN ,NITROGEN FERTILIZER ,SUGAR CANE ,RICE PRODUCTION ,FARM MANAGEMENT ,IRRIGATION WATER ,FERTILIZER ,RICE ,DAMAGES ,COOPERATIVES ,CROPS ,FLOODED ,CROP SEASON ,ECONOMICS ,DAM ,QUALITY SEED ,AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES ,SEED VARIETIES ,SMALL FARMERS ,WATER SUPPLY ,GRAIN QUALITY ,PRODUCTION OF RICE ,CULTIVATION ,DISASTER ,SOILS ,CLIMATE ,RICE VARIETIES ,CAPACITY BUILDING ,UNEP ,HARVESTS ,PRODUCE - Abstract
This report is the outcome of assessment and is intended as an advisory note to the Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) and Guyana Rice Development Board (GRDB) to enable them to identify a strategy and potential public investments to improve current risk-management practices in the rice supply chain. This report identifies the major risks facing the rice supply chain, ranks them in terms of their potential impact and frequency, and offers a framework for improving current risk-management practices. The recommendations and findings will provide a basis for follow-up planning work by the Government of Guyana (GoG), the World Bank, and other development partners. The findings and analysis of this initial assessment are based on a methodology designed by the Agricultural Risk Management Team (ARMT) for assessing risks in agricultural supply chains. This report provides an indicative list of potential solutions to address the dominant risks in the rice supply chain; however, the assessment or evaluation of the individual solutions was beyond the scope of this exercise. To ensure the greatest return on future public investments in implementing risk management solutions, GRDB and MoA need to undertake an exhaustive cost-benefit assessment of different options. This will enable MoA to identify and implement the necessary activities to reduce the vulnerability of the rice supply chain in Guyana.
- Published
- 2011
26. A Conceptual Framework for a Training Curriculum on Natural Disaster Risk Reduction and Management for Agriculture and the Rural Space
- Author
-
Anderlini, Sanam, Agwe, Jonathan N., and Pehu, Eija
- Subjects
HEAT WAVES ,EVACUATION ,LEVELS OF EDUCATION ,STORM ,DISASTER RISK–REDUCTION ,DISASTER–RISK ,RISK ANALYSIS ,RURAL DEVELOPMENT ,FIRE BREAKS ,FIRE ,INSURANCE COMPANIES ,HURRICANE ,CONTINGENCY PLANNING ,LAND MINES ,EMERGENCY SITUATIONS ,SPECIES ,DISASTER REDUCTION ,DISASTER MANAGEMENT ,TYPE OF DISASTERS ,DISASTER RECOVERY ,EXTREME WEATHER ,ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE ,POPULATION GROWTH ,WARNING SYSTEM ,POPULATION ,AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION ,NATIONAL LEVEL ,SURVIVORS ,DAMAGE ,EARLY WARNING SYSTEM ,TIDAL WAVES ,RISK REDUCTION ,PREVENTIVE ACTION ,CRED ,EMERGENCY RESPONSE ,FOOD INSECURITY ,EARTHQUAKES ,URBANIZATION ,DISASTER-PRONE COUNTRIES ,FLOOD MANAGEMENT ,METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION ,TYPE OF DISASTER ,BANK ,POPULATIONS ,TECHNOLOGIES ,DISASTER PREPAREDNESS ,CASUALTY ,DISASTER RISK REDUCTION ,FARMERS ,RISK– REDUCTION ,INFORMATION SYSTEMS ,RURAL AREAS ,FLOOD ,RECONSTRUCTION ,FIRES ,VULNERABILITY ,HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE ,EMERGENCIES ,WORKSHOP ,RISK–REDUCTION ,RESCUE ,RELIEF ,RISKS ,NATURAL HAZARDS ,VICTIMS ,DISASTER RISK– REDUCTION ,INTERNATIONAL STRATEGY FOR DISASTER REDUCTION ,TECHNICAL COOPERATION ,VULNERABILITY TO DISASTERS ,SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ,DISASTER–RISK REDUCTION ,VOLCANOES ,DROUGHTS ,CLIMATE CHANGE ,FLOODING ,ALLIANCE ,DISASTER RECONSTRUCTION ,TORNADOES ,NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION ,STORMS ,ACCIDENTS ,LIMITED RESOURCES ,FAMINE ,TYPHOONS ,HURRICANES ,EPIDEMIOLOGY ,EARTHQUAKE ,DROUGHT ,CASUALTIES ,RISK ,ACCESS TO INFORMATION ,FOOD SECURITY ,FARMER ,DISSEMINATION ,POLICIES ,EMERGENCY ,POLICY ,CENTRE FOR RESEARCH ON THE EPIDEMIOLOGY ,ComputingMilieux_GENERAL ,FLOOD CONTROL ,SAFETY ,CIVIL UNREST ,DISASTERS ,LANDSLIDES ,FOREST FIRES ,INSURANCE ,SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES ,TECHNICAL CAPACITY ,NATURAL DISASTERS ,RURAL COMMUNITIES ,TROPICAL STORMS ,BANKS ,NATIONAL POLICY ,TRAINING ,MIGRATION ,IMPACT OF DISASTERS ,EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS ,EARLY WARNING ,NATURAL DISASTER ,TSUNAMI ,FOOD AID ,DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ,LEGAL STATUS ,DISASTER INSURANCE ,FORECASTING ,LOCAL AUTHORITIES ,TSUNAMIS ,TECHNOLOGY ,DISASTER RISKS ,DAMAGES ,EMERGENCY-RESPONSE ,FLOODS ,CIVIL DEFENSE ,HUMAN SECURITY ,WARNING SYSTEMS ,NATURAL RESOURCES ,EMERGENCY KITS ,TYPHOON ,DISASTER ,SAVINGS ,DISASTER RISK ,HUMAN LIFE ,POPULATION DENSITY ,PRACTITIONERS ,NUMBER OF PEOPLE ,URBAN AREAS ,DISASTER TYPES ,PUBLICATIONS ,SLUMS ,TECHNICAL SKILLS - Abstract
This paper presents the conceptual framework for a training program on integrating disaster risk reduction and climate-change mitigation into Agriculture and Rural Development Department (ARD) programming. Its target audience consists of World Bank task team leaders and their national counterparts and partners working in agriculture and rural settings.
- Published
- 2009
27. The ProVention Consortium
- Author
-
Independent Evaluation Group
- Subjects
EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS ,EVACUATION ,INFRASTRUCTURE ,DAMAGE ASSESSMENTS ,RISK ANALYSIS ,EARLY WARNINGS ,REINSURANCE ,OVERHEAD COSTS ,FIRE ,INSURANCE COMPANIES ,DISASTER EVENTS ,HURRICANE ,PROJECTS ,INSURANCE COMPANY ,TRANSACTION COSTS ,INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES ,DISASTER REDUCTION ,DISASTER MANAGEMENT ,DISASTER RECOVERY ,INFORMATION DISSEMINATION ,EMPLOYMENT ,TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ,CRITERIA ,RISK ASSESSMENT ,EL NINO ,DISPUTE SETTLEMENT ,LENDING ,DAMAGE ,RISK REDUCTION ,RESOURCE ALLOCATION ,CRED ,EMERGENCY RESPONSE ,ENVIRONMENTAL DISASTER ,EARTHQUAKES ,GOVERNMENTS ,METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION ,BANK ,MEDICINES ,DISASTER PREPAREDNESS ,DISASTER RISK REDUCTION ,RISK MANAGEMENT ,BANK MANAGEMENT ,STRATEGIES ,DISASTER RESPONSE ,DAT DATABASE ,INSURERS ,INDUSTRY ,DISASTER SITUATIONS ,FINANCE ,DMF ,ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS ,TRANSFERS ,FISCAL YEAR ,FLOOD ,DISASTER MANAGEMENT FACILITY ,HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE ,HEALTH RISKS ,EMERGENCIES ,GRANT PROGRAMS ,SERVICES ,INVESTMENT GRANTS ,RELIEF ,RISKS ,NATURAL HAZARDS ,NEGOTIATIONS ,VICTIMS ,INTERNATIONAL STRATEGY FOR DISASTER REDUCTION ,TECHNICAL COOPERATION ,VULNERABILITY TO DISASTERS ,PROPERTY ,DISASTER VICTIMS ,SLUM ,ALLIANCES ,CLIMATE CHANGE ,ALLIANCE ,DISASTER RECONSTRUCTION ,WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION ,DISASTER PREVENTION ,ACCIDENTS ,DECLARATION ,REINSURER ,NATURAL HAZARD ,MINISTRIES OF FINANCE ,NEGOTIATION ,EPIDEMIOLOGY ,NATURAL DISASTER REDUCTION ,EARTHQUAKE ,ACCOUNTING ,EMERGENCY MANAGERS ,VALUE ,RISK ,FOREIGN AFFAIRS ,LOCAL GOVERNMENT ,GOVERNANCE ,PRINCIPAL ,EMERGENCY ,CENTRE FOR RESEARCH ON THE EPIDEMIOLOGY ,ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION ,ENVIRONMENTAL DISASTERS ,FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ,SAFETY ,DEVELOPMENT NETWORK ,DISASTERS ,BANK ACCOUNTING ,INSURANCE ,REVENUE ,NATURAL DISASTERS ,ADVERSE IMPACT OF HAZARDS ,ACCIDENT ,BANKS ,GRANTS ,LAND ,DISASTER RELIEF ,IMPACT OF DISASTERS ,DISASTER MANAGEMENT TRAINING ,PRIVATIZATION ,PUBLIC POLICY ,DISASTER MANAGERS ,PRIVATE REINSURANCE ,NATURAL DISASTER ,CREDIT ,TSUNAMI ,PUBLIC FINANCE ,DISASTER INSURANCE ,FORECASTING ,MICROFINANCE ,PUBLIC POLICIES ,TECHNOLOGY ,DISASTER RISKS ,NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT STRATEGY ,DISASTER EXPERTS ,FLOODS ,HOUSING ,DISASTER MITIGATION ,INTEREST ,EMERGENCY OPERATIONS ,TRANSPORT ,DISASTER ,DISASTER RISK ,ADB ,TRUST FUNDS ,DISASTER TYPES ,TENT ,URBAN DEVELOPMENT ,ACCOUNTABILITY - Abstract
The provention consortium was created in February 2000 as a formal partnership between the World Bank, other International Financial Institutions (IFIs), bilateral donor organizations, the insurance sector, the academic community, and civil society. Designed as a think-tank to commission research and to disseminate risk reduction tools, the provention secretariat was to rotate from one partner organization to another. Thus, after three years at the Bank, the secretariat was transferred to the International Federation of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) in Geneva. The overall goal of provention is to reduce the social, economic, and environmental impacts of natural disasters on vulnerable populations in developing countries in order to alleviate poverty and contribute to sustainable development. This is achieved through (a) forging partnerships; (b) promoting policy; (c) improving practice; and (d) sharing knowledge. Under the Washington-based Secretariat, provention supported four types of activities: applied research studies, pilot and demonstration projects, education and training activities, and workshops and conferences. Provention was repeatedly criticized for its weak governance structure. Therefore, the secretariat commissioned a governance review in 2005. The governance review recommended reactivating the presiding council (PC); replacing the Steering Committee (SC) by a forum to discuss the impact of disasters in developing countries; and creating an Advisory Committee as the main governing body.
- Published
- 2008
28. Mapping Disastrous Natural Hazards Using Global Datasets
- Author
-
Christian Herold, Hy Dao, and Peter Peduzzi
- Subjects
Risk ,Atmospheric Science ,Engineering ,Geographic information system ,Population ,Vulnerability ,Poison control ,Natural hazard ,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Information system ,Location ,education ,Geo-referencing ,Water Science and Technology ,ddc:910 ,ddc:333.7-333.9 ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Environmental resource management ,CRED ,Natural hazards ,GIS ,Hazard ,EM-DAT ,business ,Cartography - Abstract
The increased interest for categorising countries at risk calls for an improved methodology allowing comparison of natural hazard impacts at a global level. A disaster is the intersection between a hazardous event, the elements at risk (population, infrastructures) and their vulnerability. In order to associate reported impacts with affected elements and socio-economic or geophysical contextual parameters, geographical location and extent of hazards is needed. The scope of this paper is to present improved automated procedures for a rapid mapping of large disastrous hazard events (floods, earthquakes, cyclones and volcanoes) using Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and available global datasets. Up to 82% of the events and 88% of the reported victims could be geo-referenced and the results highlight both the potentialities and limitations of the methods applied.
- Published
- 2005
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