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Introduction: On 30 August 2022, a giant hail-bearing supercell hit Catalonia (NE Iberian Peninsula), producing stones 12 cm in diameter. This is the most severe episode ever recorded in the country. Seventy people were injured, resulting in one fatality; several buildings were severely damaged, which resulted in substantial financial losses (more than €6M). Methods: In the present study, we analyze the stones collected during fieldwork to gather information on their growth processes. This analysis was conducted considering two lines of investigation. In this paper we focus on the innovative and never-before-used technique of the Computed Tomography Scan, which was utilized to analyze hailstones and their interiors, the outcomes were groundbreaking. It makes it possible to obtain a complete 3D view of the interior of the stone, without producing any alteration in the structure. Through this technology, the different layer densities have been quantified. This is the main novelty of the study and opens a promising door to more analyses in this field. Results: The analysis has revealed some interesting results that help to verify previous theories. For instance, the nuclei can be placed far from the stone center, even if the hailstone is externally spherical. Discussion: Besides, a thicker hailstone layer in one direction indicates the falling direction. Finally, the different layer densities show growth process variations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Remote Sensing Infra-Red (IR) imaging sensors operate at very low temperatures (40–100 K). Generally, these types of imaging sensors are integrated with cryo-coolers. These sensors have an inbuilt 2N2222 diode-based cooler temperature sensor (CTS). This paper presents details of low-noise, high=precision processing electronics developed for CTS. Critical design aspects, simulation and hardware results of the system are discussed in this paper. Developed electronics systems achieve ≈5mK resolution and the power dissipation recorded is < 200 mW. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IntroductionOn 30 August 2022, a giant hail-bearing supercell hit Catalonia (NE Iberian Peninsula), producing stones 12 cm in diameter. This is the most severe episode ever recorded in the country. Seventy people were injured, resulting in one fatality; several buildings were severely damaged, which resulted in substantial financial losses (more than €6M).MethodsIn the present study, we analyze the stones collected during fieldwork to gather information on their growth processes. This analysis was conducted considering two lines of investigation. In this paper we focus on the innovative and never-before-used technique of the Computed Tomography Scan, which was utilized to analyze hailstones and their interiors, the outcomes were groundbreaking. It makes it possible to obtain a complete 3D view of the interior of the stone, without producing any alteration in the structure. Through this technology, the different layer densities have been quantified. This is the main novelty of the study and opens a promising door to more analyses in this field.ResultsThe analysis has revealed some interesting results that help to verify previous theories. For instance, the nuclei can be placed far from the stone center, even if the hailstone is externally spherical.DiscussionBesides, a thicker hailstone layer in one direction indicates the falling direction. Finally, the different layer densities show growth process variations.

Abstract Background Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common entrapment neuropathy with multifactorial etiologies. We intended in this case–control study to identify, out of a comprehensive set of risk factors, the relatively important ones and develop a quantitative risk assessment model for this disorder. It was also legitimate to define the hazard of those factors in a dose-related manner and the acceptable safe limit especially for work-related stresses. Results Age and female predominance were comparable between the 60 patients (89 hands with electrophysiologically confirmed CTS) and 50 controls (100 hands). Occupation of the studied sample varied between housewives only, employed housewives, and manual workers with a distribution that differed significantly between patients and controls. Significantly higher body mass index (BMI) and mean wrist depth were found in patients than controls. Wrist ratio (clinically or sonographically) was significantly squarer in patients than controls. Overall workload and number of hours spent daily performing work with repeated hand movements or awkward hand position were significantly higher among patients than controls. ROC curves were constructed for wrist measurements and occupational stresses. Cut-off points of wrist ratio and internal carpal tunnel ratio (by ultrasound) to discriminate subjects with CTS were > 0.68 and ≤ 1.854, respectively. The best cut-off value for number of hours spent daily performing work with repeated hand movements was 3 h/ day. As for working with awkward hand position or cold exposure, cut-off value was 0.6 h/day for both. Two logistic regression models were conducted to investigate nonoccupational and occupational predictors of CTS. The independent predictors concluded from the first model were BMI, positive family history of CTS, wrist ratio, and decrease grip strength. As for the occupational model, predictors were tasks requiring awkward hand position and cold exposure. Conclusion Occupational risk assessment by clinical, anthropometric, and ultrasonographic measurement should be used in professions requiring repetitive or awkward hand movements, so that in overweight persons with square wrists appropriate workplace setup measures or assistive technology at work or home could be taken to prevent or decrease the impact of work hazards or help choose individuals with low risk for appropriate jobs.

Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common entrapment neuropathy with multifactorial etiologies. We intended in this case–control study to identify, out of a comprehensive set of risk factors, the relatively important ones and develop a quantitative risk assessment model for this disorder. It was also legitimate to define the hazard of those factors in a dose-related manner and the acceptable safe limit especially for work-related stresses. Results: Age and female predominance were comparable between the 60 patients (89 hands with electrophysiologically confirmed CTS) and 50 controls (100 hands). Occupation of the studied sample varied between housewives only, employed housewives, and manual workers with a distribution that differed significantly between patients and controls. Significantly higher body mass index (BMI) and mean wrist depth were found in patients than controls. Wrist ratio (clinically or sonographically) was significantly squarer in patients than controls. Overall workload and number of hours spent daily performing work with repeated hand movements or awkward hand position were significantly higher among patients than controls. ROC curves were constructed for wrist measurements and occupational stresses. Cut-off points of wrist ratio and internal carpal tunnel ratio (by ultrasound) to discriminate subjects with CTS were > 0.68 and ≤ 1.854, respectively. The best cut-off value for number of hours spent daily performing work with repeated hand movements was 3 h/ day. As for working with awkward hand position or cold exposure, cut-off value was 0.6 h/day for both. Two logistic regression models were conducted to investigate nonoccupational and occupational predictors of CTS. The independent predictors concluded from the first model were BMI, positive family history of CTS, wrist ratio, and decrease grip strength. As for the occupational model, predictors were tasks requiring awkward hand position and cold exposure. Conclusion: Occupational risk assessment by clinical, anthropometric, and ultrasonographic measurement should be used in professions requiring repetitive or awkward hand movements, so that in overweight persons with square wrists appropriate workplace setup measures or assistive technology at work or home could be taken to prevent or decrease the impact of work hazards or help choose individuals with low risk for appropriate jobs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Nitrile rubber (NBR) and polysulfides are two classes of polymers known for their resistance against swelling when in direct contact with hydrocarbon-based oils and non-polar solvents. In this study nitrile rubber (NBR) and a cyclic tetrasulfide (CTS) are combined with a goal of achieving a rubber blend that has superior properties than of each component. The role of CTS in the blend is discussed, as it presents several functions. This study represents a fundamental analysis of NBR-CTS blends, starting with polymeric phase analysis by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Thermodynamic compatibility studies are deployed in this study to illustrate the materials’ compatibility. Mechanical properties with an emphasis on Payne effect were also studied for blends of NBR-CTS. The synergistic effect found between NBR and CTS can be further expanded in a practical application of rapid gas decompression test as a side-by-side comparison for NBR and NBR-CTS blend compounds. This type of polymer blend represents a potential replacement of fluoroelastomers.

Este estudo relata algumas das atuais discussões e investigações acerca da popularização da ciência pela perspectiva Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade (CTS), a partir de uma revisão sistemática de literatura. A sistematização foca em 53 artigos publicados na última década em quatro bases de dados (Scielo, Scopus, Web of Science e DOAJ). Metodologicamente, foram utilizados parâmetros e procedimentos do Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), buscando identificar, por um lado, temas e debates em torno da popularização da ciência e, por outro, investigações práticas a respeito da questão. Os descritores utilizados nas buscas levaram em conta, centralmente, a abordagem CTS. Os resultados apontam para a necessidade de desenvolver políticas públicas de formação e incentivo para estudantes e pesquisadores se envolverem em ações de popularização da ciência. Além disso, a consideração do papel epistêmico das assimetrias na comunicação científica pode ajudar a superar a discussão rasa em torno de modelos deficitários e o desenvolvimento de modelos participativos deliberativos. Ainda mostra-se necessário maior número de estudos em torno do desenvolvimento de modelos de comunicação participativa que enfatizem a justiça social pela valorização da diversidade de conhecimentos, métodos e práticas comunicativas.

Clinical Scenario: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common entrapment neuropathy of the upper-extremity. Due to the involvement of the median nerve, long-term compression of this nerve can lead to hand dysfunction and disability that can impact work and daily life. As such, early treatment is warranted to prevent any long-term damage to the median nerve. Conservative management is utilized in those with mild to moderate CTS. Neural mobilizations can aid in the reduction of neural edema, neural mobility, and neural adhesion while improving nerve conduction. Clinical Question: Is neurodynamics effective in reducing pain and reported symptoms in those with CTS? Summary of Key Findings: Four studies were included, with 2 studies utilizing passive neural mobilizations, one study using active techniques, and one study using active neural mobilizations with splinting. All studies showed large effect size for pain, symptom severity, and physical function. Clinical Bottom Line: Neurodynamics is an effective treatment for CTS. Splinting is only effective when combined with neurodynamics. Strength of Recommendation: Level B evidence to support the use of neurodynamics for the treatment of CTS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to test the applicability of Mechanomyographic (MMG) sensors for the diagnosis of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) as well as for the follow-up of the post-surgical evolution. After reviewing the literature, three types of MMG sensors (force sensor, accelerometer and infrared) had been selected to compare with the Electromyographic (EMG) signal widely used in clinical evaluation. Three tests (two static and one dynamic) were then defined to evaluate thenar atrophy and thumb opposition strength as well as grip strength. This paper makes a description of the tests that had been carried out, starting from the procedure implemented for the application of the sensors and ending at the method used for sensor readout. Preliminary results obtained from a sample of twelve volunteers, which includes one with CTS surgery performed less than six months ago, are promising namely those from the measurement of thumb opposition strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is one of the most diagnosed disabling conditions of the upper extremities. Corticosteroid local injection is one of the traditional treatments. Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) local injection has emerged as a new treatment, promoting nerve regeneration. Objectives: Comparison of the effectiveness of a single PRP local injection to a single corticosteroid local injection for treating idiopathic CTS using nerve conduction studies and Visual Analog Scale. Patients and method: 40 patients with mild idiopathic CTS were diagnosed clinically and selected according to Padua's Neurophysiologic Severity Scale (PNSS) started the study. They were divided into 2 equal groups; the first group of patients received a single local corticosteroid injection, and the second group received a single local PRP injection. Nerve conduction studies (NCS) in the form of median nerve sensory conduction velocity and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were compared in both groups before and three months after injection. Results: Our study included 40 patients randomly grouped into two equal main categories. Group I (corticosteroid group) included 20 patients with a mean age of 41.50±11.26 years, while Group II (PRP group) included 20 patients with a mean age of 39.10±11.24 years. VAS and median nerve sensory conduction velocity were significantly reduced in group II compared to group I. Conclusions: PRP single local injection in the wrist proved to be better than corticosteroids single local injection for managing mild idiopathic CTS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective Occupations involving repetitive movements of the wrists, activities that require a lot of force, and hand-arm swinging are particularly likely to contribute to the development of hand and wrist complaints. The daily setup and dismantling of dialysis machines as part of the dialysis treatment process can strain the wrists and fingers of nurses. However, evidence regarding the relationship between the work activities of dialysis nurses and the incidence of hand and wrist complaints is limited. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and severity of hand and wrist complaints among dialysis nurses in Germany and to relate these to their work activities. Methods An online survey was created and sent to 836 dialysis centres in Germany. The Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire was used in an online survey to assess the prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints in the hands and wrists. The Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ) was used to assess symptom severity. Dialysis nurses rated the effort required to set up dialysis machines using the BORG-CR10 scale. The analysis was descriptive. Results A total of 122 dialysis nurses (18 male, 104 female; mean age 45 ± 12 years) participated in the survey, and 59% of them reported developing hands or wrist complaints in the last 12 months. According to BCTQ, the average severity of these complaints is 2.0 ± 0.8 (N = 72). The severity of symptoms increased significantly with the number of setups performed by a dialysis nurse per day (r s = 0.35, P  = 0.003, N = 72). The nurses rated the effort required to set up the dialysis machines as 2.8 ± 1.8 on the BORG-CR10 scale (N = 101). Discussion The results of the online survey showed that dialysis nurses were more likely than the general population to experience hand and wrist complaints. The repetitive activities of the hands and wrists while setting up a dialysis machine are thought to be the cause. Conclusions Preventive measures are needed to reduce hand and wrist strain in dialysis nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are a favorable option for the upcoming generation of photovoltaic systems due to their simplicity and high energy conversion efficiency. The third iteration of thin-film solar cells including copper-tin-sulphide (CTS) is easily accessible on Earth, possesses excellent optoelectrical properties, and does not include any harmful substances, making it environmentally sustainable. Using the solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS), this study examines the performance of a PSC based on copper oxide (Cu2O) and zinc selenide (ZnSe). The study investigates the factors that influence the performance of CTS-based SCs, such as absorber layer thickness, absorber defect density, interface defect densities, doping densities, and working temperature on the performance of the PSC. The results show that 30.37 % perovskite cell efficiency (PCE) increased from 20.94 % after optimization with 0.9403 V of open circuit voltage, 37.2682 mA/cm2 of short circuit current and 86.67 % of fill factor.

Este relato de experiência tem como objetivo apresentar a análise e as considerações resultantes da vivência durante o estágio de docência, abordando o tema da Educação CTS (Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade). O estágio foi conduzido com alunos da disciplina de Didática das Ciências do curso de Licenciatura em Ciências Biológicas em uma universidade paranaense. Essa experiência foi parte integrante do doutorado realizado no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação para a Ciência e Matemática. São apresentados os objetivos, métodos utilizados, interação em sala de aula, resultados alcançados, além da análise dos desafios enfrentados e das lições aprendidas ao longo dessa jornada de ensino-aprendizagem. Esta experiência de estágio não apenas permitiu a aplicação prática dos conhecimentos acadêmicos, mas também promoveu um diálogo fundamental entre a pesquisa científica e a prática educacional. Através dessa vivência, foi possível contribuir para a formação de futuros educadores e aprimorar habilidades de comunicação, adaptação e inovação pedagógica.

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma proposta te´órica para fundamentar práticas e pesquisas sobre formação de professores de matema´tica. Tal proposta está apoiada em teórias críticas da sociedade, em especial a Escola de Frankfurt. Nesse sentido, uma revisão bibliográfica evidenciou lacunas no campo da Educação MatemáticaCrítica que, a nosso ver, poderiam ser superadas a partir de contribuições do campo CTSA. Dessa maneira propomos uma nova perspectiva teórica, que denominamos de MTSA (Matemática, Tecnologia, Sociedade e Ambiente), a partir da qual esperamos contribuir para que o campo da Educação Matemática fortaleça os caminhos para um agir docente no mundo de problemas plurais e complexos, que permitam a análise e tomada de decisão em questões de caráter sociocientífico. Os autores compreendem como viável pensar príncipios para formação docente onde o enfoque CTSA/MTSA sejam evidenciados na direção da sustentabilidade social.

Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan faktor individu dan faktor pekerjaan dengan keluhan Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) pada operator alat berat angkutan container PT. Pelabuhan Indonesia (Persero) Regional 2 Jambi. Metode: Penelitian kuantitatif dengandesain cross sectional dilakukan terhadap 44 orang responden. Populasi dan sampel yaitu seluruh operator alat berat PT. Pelabuhan Indonesia (Persero) Regional 2 Jambi. Metode sampling menggunakan teknik total sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara. Uji statistik menggunakan uji chi-square dan ukuran asosiasi menggunakan prevalence ratio (PR). Hasil: Responden yang mengalami keluhan CTS berjumlah 26 orang (59,1%). Berdasarkan uji chi-square diketahui usia (p=0,010) PR=2,308 (95%CI= 1,162 - 4,584), masa kerja (p=0,008) PR=2,262 (95%CI=1,203-4,253), dan lama kerja (p

O artigo apresenta uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura (RSL) através da Bibliometria, que visou investigar de que forma a Realidade Aumentada (RA) é aplicada no ensino de geometria no Ensino médio. A RSL teve como base de dados o Portal de Teses e Dissertações da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Nível Superior (CAPES), no qual foram estabelecidas palavras chaves, bem como o período que foi considerado (2018 – 2020). O objetivo geral é encontrar trabalhos sobre Realidade Aumentada e compreender as contribuições da abordagem CTS (Ciência, Sociedade e Tecnologia). Foi encontrado um total de cento e quarenta e sete trabalhos entre teses e dissertações, sendo que apenas sete versavam diretamente sobre Realidade Aumentada e ensino de Geometria Espacial. Os resultados apontam uma grande defasagem quanto ao número de trabalhos em RA para o ensino de geometria, evidenciando assim a importância de fazer uso da uma abordagem de CTS no ensino de matemática.

A ocorrência das fake news, os impactos da pós-verdade na sociedade e os discursos anticiência têm gerado preocupação em diversos setores sociais, em especial, nos estudiosos da educação científica. Com o intuito de contribuir para os debates dessa área, este artigo tem por objetivo discutir a importância do ensino de Ciências em um contexto de negacionismo. Para tal, debateremos, brevemente, a relação entre Ciências, sociedade e educação ao longo da história, as contribuições dos estudos da Agnotologia e as soluções que podem auxiliar em uma educação científica crítica. Destaca-se a urgência da construção de currículos menos prescritivos, mais politizados e que envolvam os contextos dos estudantes. Por suas características, a perspectiva Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade (CTS) apresenta potencial para contribuir para uma vivência curricular que possibilite a defesa da Ciência no âmbito social e escolar.

Caminhamos aceleradamente para o fim do planeta Terra assim como o conhecemos e a educação na perspectiva CTS tem se mostrado um caminho promissor para o enfrentamento dos desafios e dilemas atuais no campo ambiental, científico e tecnológico. A Química Verde (QV) se apresenta como uma possibilidade para a evolução da Química na perspectiva da sustentabilidade e vários pesquisadores têm buscado oferecer fundamentos para uma educação em QV na perspectiva CTS. Esse trabalho discute a imbricada relação entre a educação CTS e a abordagem sobre a natureza, dimensões e consequências da crise ambiental, na perspectiva da sustentabilidade, tomando como referência possíveis contribuições da QV. Adicionalmente, expõem-se alguns pressupostos e bases sobre o ensino da QV em consonância com a perspectiva crítica CTS, inter-relacionando-os com pressupostos educacionais de Paulo Freire, para defender uma educação científica e tecnológica crítica e humanizadora.

Ensinar vai além de transmitir conteúdos, exigindo mudança de postura e atitudes do professor e possibilitando ao aluno a construção do saber, transcendendo uma postura dialógica e formal da sala de aula. Tem-se de analisar o papel da afetividade e sua importância no processo educacional considerando a tríade professor, aluno e conteúdo sob a perspectiva de Piaget, Vygotsky, Wallon e contribuições de Freud, além de a inter-relação afetiva e cognitiva na construção e desenvolvimento do indivíduo procurando motivações educacionais e resiliência para o sucesso do ensino-aprendizagem. O novo cenário com a COVID-19 e as regras de restrição no Brasil implicaram diretamente na necessidade do uso das tecnologias de informação e de comunicação para permitir levar o ensino aos alunos. É de se esperar que esse cenário gere a necessidade de se reavaliar a formação docente, sobretudo, na formação continuada dos professores ativos. Nesse sentido a perspectiva CTS (Ciência-Tecnologia-Sociedade) pode contribuir positivamente.

Este artículo tiene como objetivo reflexionar sobre la implementación en el aula del concepto Evolución Biológica y los estándares de Ciencias Naturales en la asignatura de Biología de grado 11 en la IEO Jorge Isaacs INEM de Cali. A través de un estudio de caso que involucra a un profesor en ejercicio, se recopilaron datos, notas y comentarios para interpretar y reflexionar sobre la dinámica de su trabajo, desde la perspectiva del observador. También, se analizaron los pasos necesarios para que los estudiantes alcancen el estándar. La reflexión pedagógica, que se posiciona como una prioridad para cada profesor en las instituciones educativas, se manifiesta en la constante búsqueda de métodos que acerquen a los estudiantes, reconociendo su importancia para el mejoramiento continuo, dando forma a propuestas educativas con un carácter innovador. Los resultados ofrecen una visión detallada del trabajo en el aula, contribuyendo significativamente a la comprensión de cómo el enfoque en Ciencia, Tecnología y Sociedad puede implementarse de manera efectiva para elevar la calidad de la enseñanza. En conclusión, se destaca la importancia crucial de la adaptabilidad y la innovación por parte de los educadores. Profesionales que desempeñan un papel fundamental en la formación de los estudiantes, no solo proporcionando conocimientos biológicos, sino también cultivando habilidades de pensamiento crítico, fomentando la participación en el proceso educativo.

This paper focuses on the way Donald Trump and Matteo Salvini employ fake news and conspiracy theories (CTs) in their discourses and investigates the existence of possible similarities or differences in the way these far-right populist leaders exploit fake news and CTs at their own advantage. The data involve both tweets and traditional speeches - delivered during Trump's and Salvini's last three months of electoral campaign and the following seven months in government - and they are analysed with a combined methodology using Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) and Corpus Linguistics (CL). Specifically, the comparative analysis combines qualitative and quantitative tools to highlight and compare how these politicians strategically mix fake news and CTs with their populist narratives in order to legitimise themselves and their policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Current diagnostic criteria for Carpel Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) include a patient's medical history, physical exam results, and electrophysiological findings. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the diagnostic ability of nerve conduction study, ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging for the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome with the use of clinical findings as the gold standard. Methodology: The study was conducted among 30 patients clinically diagnosed having CTS based on the criteria given by American Academy of Neurology and American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. All patients included in the study were underwent USG of affected wrist joint, CT scan as well MRI of the same. Results: Out of total 30 participants, 14 (46.7%) were found moderate severity followed by 11 (36.7%) were found mild severity. Only 5 (16.7%) were found severe carpel tunnel syndrome. Amongst all three investigation methods, nerve conduction study having the lowest sensitivity (83.33%). The sensitivity of the ultrasonography and MRI was 90% each. Conclusion: It is clear from this study that the sensitivity of the parameters utilized in NCS (maximum observed 83.33%) is lower than that of the median nerve cross-sectional area detected on USG (90%) and MRI (90%). The most sensitive, practical, and cost-effective metric of all those seen in the research turned out to be the median nerve cross sectional area evaluated at the wrist crease by USG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perovskite has been widely used in the field of optoelectronics owing to its superb optoelectronic properties. The simplest fabrication along with low-temperature handling of perovskite-based planner structures (p-i-n or n-i-p) has drawn their potential impact in organic–inorganic lead halide optoelectronic devices. The poor conductivity, stability, and high processing cost of absorber materials hinder the optical performance of the device. The sandwiching of the perovskite as absorber materials between two inorganic materials working as electron transport layer (ETL) and hole transport layer (HTL) may be a possible solution. An active absorber perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3) assisted by two n-ZnO and p-CTS materials working as an ETL and HTL, respectively, has been used to maximize the overall performance of the proposed device. The resultant optimized device shows the maximum responsivity of ∼0.35 (A/W) for a broad visible spectrum (300–900 nm), while the EQE (%) reported in the range of 25–80%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the Culturo-Techno-Contextual Approach (CTCA) on students’ achievement and critical thinking skills in Computer Studies. The study was conducted in two phases. Phase one was a survey of difficult concepts in computer science/studies. While phase two explored the potency of the Culturo-Techno-Contextual Approach (CTCA) in breaking the barriers to meaningful learning of refractive indices. Results obtained from the survey in the first phase revealed 19 topics as a difficult topic among African secondary school students in computer studies. The second phase was guided by two research questions with two public junior secondary (JS) in Lagos State (Nigeria). About 38% of the respondents were males while about 62% were females. A critical thinking skills task (CTST), and an interview guide were used to collect data for the study. The data gathered was subjected to multivariate analysis of covariate (MANCOVA), and the results revealed a statistically significant difference in the methods used, multivariate F (Pillai’s Trace) was significant [F=17.67; p

O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar o jogo didático NucGame, que versa sobre Tecnologia Nuclear. Ele foi elaborado no âmbito de um projeto de extensão e fundamentado na literatura sobre jogos didáticos e na abordagem Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade (CTS) no Ensino de Ciências. O NucGame é um jogo de tabuleiro com partes físicas e virtuais. Nele, cada jogador representa um país fictício, que está interessado em construir uma usina nuclear, a fim de diminuir a emissão de gases de efeito estufa. Seu objetivo pedagógico é apresentar conhecimentos relativos ao uso da energia nuclear para geração de energia elétrica. As etapas do ciclo de combustível nuclear e o funcionamento de uma usina são apresentados no jogo, que não necessita de conhecimentos prévios para ser jogado. Espera-se que o NucGame contribua para desmistificar o tema da energia nuclear junto aos estudantes e ao público em geral.

Introduction: Current diagnostic criteria for Carpel Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) include a patient's medical history, physical exam results, and electrophysiological findings. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the diagnostic ability of nerve conduction study, ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging for the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome with the use of clinical findings as the gold standard. Methodology: The study was conducted among 30 patients clinically diagnosed having CTS based on the criteria given by American Academy of Neurology and American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. All patients included in the study were underwent USG of affected wrist joint, CT scan as well MRI of the same. Results: Out of total 30 participants, 14 (46.7%) were found moderate severity followed by 11 (36.7%) were found mild severity. Only 5 (16.7%) were found severe carpel tunnel syndrome. Amongst all three investigation methods, nerve conduction study having the lowest sensitivity (83.33%). The sensitivity of the ultrasonography and MRI was 90% each. Conclusion: It is clear from this study that the sensitivity of the parameters utilized in NCS (maximum observed 83.33%) is lower than that of the median nerve cross-sectional area detected on USG (90%) and MRI (90%). The most sensitive, practical, and cost-effective metric of all those seen in the research turned out to be the median nerve cross sectional area evaluated at the wrist crease by USG.

As Feiras de Ciências se constituem como uma possibilidade de rompimento com a abordagem tradicional na educação científica e tecnológica, podendo favorecer o estabelecimento de relações entre Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade e o desenvolvimento do Letramento Científico dos estudantes envolvidos no planejamento, execução e avaliação desse tipo de atividade pedagógica. Nesse sentido, este estudo tem por objetivo principal investigar, a partir da visão de professores da rede pública da cidade de Morro da Fumaça/ Santa Catarina (Brasil), quais as contribuições da participação em Feiras de Ciências para os estudantes da educação básica. Para isso, as percepções de nove docentes da área de Ciências da Natureza (das áreas de Química, Física e Biologia) sobre a contribuição das Feiras de Ciências para a formação dos estudantes foram investigadas qualitativamente, por meio de um estudo de caso cujo os dados foram produzidos a partir de um questionário respondido virtualmente. As respostas ao instrumento de produção de dados foram analisadas com inspiração na análise de discurso de linha franco-brasileira e em categorias de Letramento Científico publicadas na literatura. Foi identificado que as Feiras de Ciências, na visão dos professores participantes, possibilitam o desenvolvimento das dimensões conceitual, procedimental e afetiva do Letramento Científico, contribuindo para a formação científica dos estudantes. Nesse sentido, recomendamos que as Feiras de Ciências ocupem um lugar de maior destaque no planejamento das atividades curriculares da educação científica e tecnológica, incorporando a luta contra as injustiças sociais no escopo dessa atividade.

A educação CTS objetiva formar cidadãos capazes de estabelecer relações entre Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade. Diante disso, os objetivos desta pesquisa são analisar as possibilidades e as limitações para se trabalhar as relações CTS no ensino de Biologia a partir dos Cadernos de Apoio à Aprendizagem. Para tanto, os dados foram analisados por meio da análise de conteúdo e organizados em duas categorias: Potencialidades e Limitações das estratégias didáticas na articulação com os pressupostos CTS. A partir dos dados, foi observado que os cadernos apresentam potencial de diálogo com CTS. Entretanto, os documentos não se mostraram sensíveis ao contexto pandêmico no qual foram formulados. Ademais, as estratégias didáticas encontradas precisam ser aprimoradas para que se fundamentem nas relações CTS.

Realizou-se um estudo qualitativo em uma rede municipal de ensino para compreender como a pandemia de COVID-19 foi abordada no currículo das séries finais do Ensino Fundamental no ano de 2020. A análise de conteúdo, de um total de 28329 atividades não presenciais, revelou que apenas 2,44% delas dialogavam com a pandemia. Constatou-se que 91% dessas atividades foram desenvolvidas sob a perspectiva da convivência com o risco de desastre, enquanto 1,5% delas nutriam uma atitude de questionamento. A literatura da educação CTS permitiu reconhecer que predominaram abordagens da promoção de “percepções” sobre a pandemia, também evidenciando certo esvaziamento das intencionalidades de “questionamentos” sobre interrelações CTS. São apontados caminhos para uma abordagem sociocientífica dessa temática nos currículos de ciências e biologia.

Recently, large language models, such as ChatGPT, have emerged as promising tools to facilitate scientific research and health care management. The present study aimed to explore the extent of knowledge possessed by ChatGPT concerning carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), a compressive neuropathy that may lead to impaired hand function and that is frequently encountered in the field of hand surgery. Six questions pertaining to diagnosis and management of CTS were posed to ChatGPT. The responses were subsequently analyzed and evaluated based on their accuracy, coherence, and comprehensiveness. In addition, ChatGPT was requested to provide five high-level evidence references in support of its answers. A simulated doctor-patient consultation was also conducted to assess whether ChatGPT could offer safe medical advice. ChatGPT supplied clinically relevant information regarding CTS, although at a relatively superficial level. In the context of doctor-patient interaction, ChatGPT suggested a diagnostic pathway that deviated from the widely accepted clinical consensus on CTS diagnosis. Nevertheless, it incorporated differential diagnoses and valuable management options for CTS. Although ChatGPT demonstrated the ability to retain and recall information from previous patient conversations, it infrequently produced pertinent references, many of which were either nonexistent or incorrect. ChatGPT displayed the capability to deliver validated medical information on CTS to nonmedical individuals. However, the generation of nonexistent and inaccurate references by ChatGPT presents a challenge to academic integrity. To increase their utility in medicine and academia, large language models must go through specialized reputable data set training and validation from experts. It is essential to note that at present, large language models cannot replace the expertise of health care professionals and may act as a supportive tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Connective tissue is an extremely divaricated structure and, unlike other tissues, made up of proteins combined in various configurations. This construction is characterized by high variability and the ability to adapt through the appropriate selection of synthesized matrix components. That feature helps properly stabilize the body's joints. The content of receptors enables information transfer about stimuli acting on itself and on neighboring structures. This work aims are to collect information about selected forearm structures, its features, functions and receptors content. One of the objectives is to improve the knowledge organization, indicate possible areas to expand and to inspire exploration diversity of connective tissue. Structures described in the article include the transverse carpal ligament, the superficial and deep fascia of the forearm, the interosseous membrane, the flexor retinaculum system and the palmar aponeurosis. These structures are well-known even to inexperienced science students. However, acquired knowledge is still incomplete and possible to explore. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This paper aims to investigate the duration of the pricing & reimbursement (P&R) procedures submitted in Italy by pharmaceutical marketing authorization holders (MAH) for drugs indicated for rare diseases. Methods: All the data used in this analysis were publicly available on different sources of the Italian Ministry of Health, the Italian Medicines Agency (AIFA) and other official websites. The information was systematically collected to investigate the timeline (days) needed to complete the P&R process. The process was divided into 6 simplified steps and the median and range of days needed for each phase were estimated based on data reported in official/published documents. The analysis was stratified considering every single step of the assessment phase and included segmentation of drugs into indications for rare diseases, Orphan designation, Innovation assessment and Managed entry agreements (MEAs). Results: Overall, 181 first indication procedures were submitted to AIFA in the period considered and, of these, 167 (92.3%) were completed and 129 procedures were considered for the final analysis and the median duration of the entire process (MAH submission to final Gazette publication) was 434 days (range 176.0-918.0). The duration of procedures for rare diseases (n = 53) was longer than those for non-rare-disease procedures (n = 76) (463.0 days vs 407.5 days respectively). Among rare disease procedures, orphan designation and MEAs represent predictors for time prolongation while innovation is associated with a shorter assessment time. Conclusion: The study describes the time spent in each phase of the assessment and the appraisal process and demonstrates that uncertainty represents the main driver for the increment in the overall time.

No contexto da pesquisa em Ensino de Ciências, estudos abordam as potencialidades atribuídas ao uso da Divulgação Científica como um recurso para a aprendizagem. Nestes, podemos observar de forma pontual discussões em que a Divulgação Científica se relaciona à perspectiva Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade (CTS). A fim de aprofundar essas discussões, o presente estudo objetivou analisar de que maneira as discussões sobre a Divulgação Científica e a abordagem CTS são articuladas no contexto brasileiro do Ensino de Ciências, mediante a análise de artigos publicados entre 1998 e 2021. A partir das etapas da Análise Textual Discursiva emergiram as duas categorias: “Além da informação: O papel social da mídia e da Divulgação Científica” e “Divulgação Científica e aproximações à perspectiva CTS no ensino”. De modo geral, os trabalhos apresentam reflexões a respeito do papel social da mídia e da divulgação do conhecimento científico, demarcando a defesa de um viés crítico no uso da divulgação como recurso didático. As produções também indicam potencialidades e limitações para a promoção da Educação CTS no contexto do espaço formal e não formal, assim como para a formação de professores de Ciências.

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Intimate partner violence causes significant, long-lasting harm to almost one-third (27%) of the world's population of women. Even when women leave abusive relationships, some men continue to exercise control over their ex-partners through psychological control, threats, violence, stalking, and other forms of harassment. In this qualitative study, 52 purposively sampled women who self-identified as victims or survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) from male partners were interviewed. Data were analyzed with a theoretically informed thematic analysis, supported by Nvivo® software. We found that leaving a violent relationship was a long-term process fraught with difficulty and ongoing risks of psychological harm. The concept of Continuous Traumatic Stress (CTS), first developed to understand the impact of state-sponsored violence and war, was found to be a particularly useful tool for the analysis of the impact of post-separation abuse. Additionally, CTS encourages researchers and practitioners to think anew about resilience-centered approaches to improving protection and access to justice for female victims. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Apresentamos neste artigo uma síntese de uma revisão de literatura realizada no âmbito de uma tese doutoral, que teve por objetivo responder à questão de pesquisa: qual o perfil da produção acadêmica a respeito do movimento Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade (CTS) e do Pensamento Latino-americano em Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade (PLACTS) em revistas nacionais brasileiras da área do ensino de ciências e em revistas internacionais? Analisamos 112 artigos publicados entre 2016 e 2020, selecionados em duas plataformas em função de sua relevância para nossa pesquisa. Baseados na metodologia de análise de conteúdo, agrupamos as produções em 12 categorias. Concluímos que o perfil das pesquisas recentes aponta a abordagem CTS como uma perspectiva importante, especialmente na formação de professores; perpassa diversas áreas do conhecimento como educação, saúde, engenharias e ciências naturais; que algumas pesquisas descortinam a influência dos docentes formadores na construção (ou não) de concepções modernas do que seja ciência e tecnologia; que o enfoque CTS articulado ao PLACTS auxilia na implementação, em sala de aula, de discussões que impactam na transformação de concepções sobre a natureza da ciência e sobre a inter-relação entre ciência, tecnologia e sociedade, bem como na transformação de concepções docentes sobre o papel e produção de estratégias e sequências didáticas reflexivas no ensino de ciências.