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Amaç: Pediyatrik Yoğun Bakım Ünitesinde yatan bedensel hastalığı olan çocuklarda davranışsal-duygusal psikopatolojiler sıklıkla gelişmektedir. Fiziksel hastalığa eşlik eden bu ruhsal durumlar tedaviyi uyumu bozarak olumsuz sonuçlara yol açabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada çocuk yoğun bakım ünitemizde kritik hastalık nedeniyle izlenen hastalar için son 3 yıl içinde istenen çocuk psikiyatri konsultasyonlarının değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmamızda 2019-2022 yılları arasında Dr. Behçet Uz Çocuk Hastanesi Çocuk Yoğun Bakım ünitesinde izlenen çocuk psikiyatrisi konsültasyonu istenen hastaların verileri geriye dönük olarak taranmıştır. Hastaların demografik özellikleri, bedensel hastalık tanıları, konsültasyonların istenme nedenleri, konsültasyon sonucunda saptanan psikiyatrik tanılar ve bunun sonucunda tedavi uygulanıp uygulanmadığı, verilen bir tedavi olması durumunda hangi medikal tedavilerin tercih edildiği, psikiyatrik tedavi ve izlem sürecine ilişkin veriler kaydedilmiştir Bulgular: Üç yıllık sürede çocuk yoğun bakımda izlenen çocukların 118’i (%4,9) için psikiyatri konsültasyonu istenmiştir. Konsültasyon istenenlerin çoğu kızdır (%61,9) ve 12 yaş veya üzeri yaşta % 71,4 hasta bulunmaktadır. En sık konsültasyon isteme nedeni özkıyım girişimleri (%33,1) ve depresif görünüm (%25,5) olarak saptanmış olup en sık konulan tanı majör depresif bozukluk ve uyum bozukluğudur. Olguların %31’inde psikotrop ilaç başlanmış olup erkekler ve kızlar arasında anlamlı fark saptanmamıştır. Sonuç: Bu çalışma bedensel hastalığı olan kritik çocuk yoğun bakım hastalarında ruhsal hastalıkların sık görülmesine rağmen psikiyatri konsültasyonu istenme oranlarının düşük olduğunu saptamıştır. Bu durum yoğun bakım hekimlerinin belirtileri anlama ve değerlendirme konusunda hastaların bilinç durumları ve primer hastalıkları nedeniyle güçlükler yaşadığına işaret etmektedir. Bu nedenle çocuk psikiyatrisi ile birlikte multidisipliner bir yaklaşım izlemeleri ve işbirliği içinde olmaları hastanın tedaviye uyumunu arttırarak yatış sürelerini kısaltacaktır.

Objective Pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD) is a serious, recurrent disorder leading to severe functional impairment. As a first mood episode, index episode could affect the long-term course of the illness. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of youth with PBD from our multicenter, nationwide, naturalistic follow-up samples and to identify i) the effects of index mood episode and ii) the effect of previous antidepressant treatments on the age at mania-onset of PBD. Method The study sample consisted of 271 youth with BD-I followed by the child and adolescent psychiatry clinics of seven different university hospitals and three research state hospitals, representing six geographic regions across Turkey. All diagnoses were made according to structured interviews and all data were retrospectively obtained from clinical records by the clinicians. Results When patients with index depressive/mixed episodes (IDE, n=129) and patients with index (hypo)manic episodes (IME, n=142) were compared, the total number of mood episodes and rapid cycling feature were significantly higher in the IDE group than in the IME group. The Cox regression analysis adjusted for sociodemographic and illness characteristics revealed female adolescents in the IDE group treated with antidepressants were more likely to have an earlier onset of mania (hazard ratio=2.03, 95% confidence interval=1.31-3.12, p=0.001). Conclusion This is the first large-scale nationwide follow-up study in Turkey that indicated prior antidepressant treatments were associated with an earlier onset of mania in youth, particularly in adolescent females. Larger prospective studies are needed to identify neurodevelopmental processes underlying PBD and initiate prevention approaches.

Objectives:Specific Learning Disorder (SLD) is a disorder in which academic abilities are incompatible with age and intelligence, and whose etiology is not fully elucidated. The aims of this study were to investigate the role of inflammation in the etiopathogenesis of SLD and to examine whether inflammation parameters were useful biomarkers for detecting SLD.Materials and Methods:Data of 31 patients between the ages of 7 and 14 years, who were followed-up with the diagnosis of SLD from the pediatric psychiatry outpatient clinic and whose hemogram test results were available, and 33 healthy controls in the same age range, with hemogram test results, were retrospectively analyzed. Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) values were calculated from hemogram tests. In addition to these values, blood neutrophil, lymphocyte, platelet, erythrocyte counts, and hemoglobin values were compared between the two groups.Results:NLR, neutrophil and lymphocyte values were found to be significantly higher in children with SLD than in healthy controls (p=0.001; p=0.033; p=0.030, respectively). Hemoglobin, erythrocyte, platelet and PLR values did not differ significantly between the two groups. Although the NLR values were significantly different between the groups, NLR did not have a significant effect on the determination of being SLD.Conclusion:Although the findings show that NLR does not have an effect on SLD, inflammatory markers such as NLR and PLR may also be involved in the etiology of SLD and follow-up studies with larger samples are needed in this area.

Inflammation plays a substantial role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a cost-effective and simple indicator of inflammation, which it is widely used as a proxy of systemic inflammation. In this retrospective study, we investigated the relationship between NLR and early-onset schizophrenia. Hematologic parameters and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scores were obtained from the medical records of 32 patients. NLR values and hematologic parameters were compared with 32 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. The mean NLR was significantly higher in patients than in controls. The neutrophil count was significantly higher in the patient group; however, leukocyte, haemoglobin, lymphocyte, and platelet counts did not differ between groups. No significant correlation was found between PANSS scores and NLR in the patient group. Our findings suggest that elevated NLR is an inflammation biomarker that plays a role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.

INTRODUCTION[|]In this study we aimed to evaluate attitudes, attachment styles to their husbands and competence perceptions of the mothers towards their children's problems whose children were at pre-school period with no cognitive developmental delay.[¤]METHODS[|]40 children and their mothers were included into the study. The children were chosen among those who were aged between 0-72 months and had no developmental delay which was found out as a result of developmental test. As the control group, another 40 children and their mothers were included into the study. Child Adjustment and Parent Efficacy Scale (CAPES-TR) and Parent Attitude Research Instrument(PARI) were handed out to mothers in both groups. Finally, Experiences in Close Relationship Revised (ECC-R) was applied to mothers of both groups. SPSS 20 was used for statistical analysis. [¤]RESULTS[|]It was found that the most common reasons for admission were hyperactivity and bad-temper. It was found that peer-relationship problems and elimination disorders were more common in sample group compared to control group. According to CAPES-TR results, emotional, behavioural and social problems in the group that were admitted to psychiatry clinic were significantly higher than control group (p

OBJECTIVE Multiple risk factors affect the emergence of substance use disorders among adolescents and their families. To the best of our knowledge, the effects of irritability, problem solving, decision making skills and maternal attitudes on the severity of the substance use have not been evaluated on the same population. We aimed to evaluate the presence and the effects all of these variables on the severity of substance dependence. METHOD The study included 40 adolescents, between 14 and 17 years of age, consulting the Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Diseases outpatient clinics with complaints of substance use and 40 age and gender matched healthy controls. The diagnoses were based on the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. Both groups completed a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Parent Attitude Research Instrument (PARI), the Adolescent Decision Making Questionnaire (ADMQ), the ProblemSolving Inventory (PSI) and the DSM-5 Level 2 Irritability Scale. The patient group were also tested on the Addiction Profile Index for Adolescents (API-AF). RESULTS Problem solving skills scores of the patients were lower and the scores on the irritability scale completed by the patients and their parents were higher as compared to the control group. Complacency (indifference) in decision-making predicted the severity of the addiction. As the complacency in decision-making increased, the severity of addiction also increased. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that problem solving and decisionmaking skills and irritability levels of the adolescents together with the family attitudes, affect substance use disorder in adolescence. These variables should be considered in preventive and therapeutic approaches.

METHODS: Medical records of substance user patients treated between 2014 and 2017 in Inpatient Child Psychiatry Unit of Mental Health Hospital were examined retrospectively. SPSS 20.00 Statistical Package Program was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: 92 substance user child and youth had been treated. The median age of cases was 15,4 ( ±1,4), the onset age of substance use was 13,1 (1,4). 68,5 %of these case is male gender and 31,5 % is female. The most common substance used is marijuana and extacy (62% ), the substance user youth have met with the substance around friends(90,2%). Living conditions were found to be lower socioeconomic level (50%). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: According to our clinic results, substance use is an important problem affecting youths, especially at lower socioeconomic level and male adolescents. Our study represents only the clinical sample, so there is a need for more community-based epidemiological studies.

Objectives: School attendance problem (SAP) is a serious issue, and its coexistence with psychiatric disorders is common. Several studies have evaluated the relationship between SAP and alcohol and substance addiction. Although there are many studies on SAP, studies examining the relationship between SAP and game and social media addiction are limited. Method: Thirty-one adolescents with SAP between the ages of 12-19 and 33 age and sex-matched healthy controls were included in the study. Psychopathology was evaluated with a diagnostic interview according to DSM 5. Internet Gaming Disorder Scale–Short Form (IGDS9-SF), Social Media Disorder Scale and UCLA Loneliness Scale were given to both of the groups. Results: The most common disorders in the study group are attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional disorder and behavioral disorder. In the study group, the UCLA Loneliness Scale and IGDS9-SF scores were also significantly higher than those in the controls. Conclusion: Game addiction and loneliness problems should also be examined in the evaluation of children and adolescents with school attendance problems.Key Words: School Attendance Problem, School Refusal, Game Addiction, Social Media Addiction, Loneliness, ÖZAmaç: Okula devam problemleri (ODP) çok sayıda psikiyatrik rahatsızlıkla birliktelik gösterebilen ciddi bir sorundur. ODP ile alkol ve madde bağımlılığını değerlendiren çalışmalar mevcuttur. ODP ile ilgili çok sayıda çalışma yapılmasına rağmen ODP’nin oyun ve sosyal medya bağımlılığı ile ilişkisini inceleyen çalışma sayısı kısıtlıdır. Yöntem: Çalışmaya 12-19 yaş arasında olup ODP olan 31 ergen ile yaş ve cinsiyet olarak eşleştirilmiş 33 sağlıklı kontrol dahil edilmiştir. Çalışma grubunda psikopatoloji, DSM 5'e göre düzenlenmiş tanısal görüşme ile değerlendirilmiştir. Her iki grubu da İnternet oyun oynama bozukluğu ölçeği kısa formu (İOBS9-KF), Sosyal medya bağımlılık ölçeği kısa formu ve UCLA yalnızlık ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışma grubunda en sık dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu, karşı olma karşı gelme bozukluğu ve davranım bozukluğu tanıları saptanmıştır. Çalışma grubunda kontrol grubuna göre UCLA yalnızlık ölçeği ve İOBS9-KF puanları anlamlı olarak yüksek bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Okula devam problemleri olan çocuk ve ergenlerin değerlendirilmesinde oyun bağımlılığı ve yalnızlık sorunları da sorgulanmalıdır. Anahtar Sözcükler: Okula devam problemleri, Okul reddi, Oyun bağımlılığı, Sosyal medya bağımlılığı, Yalnızlık

Objective: The aim of the study is to compare the eating attitudes and sleep patterns of children and adolescents aged 11-17 with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) compared with healty controls.Material and Methods The sample was consisted of 35 children and adolescents with ADHD and 35 healty controls that matched in terms of age and gender between the ages of 11-17. Sociodemographic Form, the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime version-Turkish (K-SADS-PL-TR) interview, Eating Attitude Test (EAT), Child and Parent Forms of DSM-5 Level 2 Sleep Disorders were applied to in both groups.Results: A statistically significant difference was found between the ADHD group and the controls in the Level-2 Sleep Scale Parent Form and EAT total scores (p, Giriş ve Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı Dikkat Eksikliği/Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu (DEHB) tanılı 11-17 yaş arası çocuk ve ergenlerin yeme tutumları ve uyku paternlerinin sağlıklı kontrollerle karşılaştırılarak incelenmesidir.Gereç ve Yöntemler: 11-17 yaş arası 35 DEHB tanılı çocuk ve ergen ile yaş ve cinsiyet olarak eşleştirilmiş herhangi bir psikopatolojisi olmayan 11-17 yaş arası 35 sağlıklı kontrol örneklemi oluşturdu. Her iki gruba sosyodemografik veri formu, Okul Çağı Çocukları için Duygulanım Bozuklukları ve Şizofreni Formu-Şimdi ve Yaşam boyu şekli Türkçe Uyarlaması (K-SADS-PL), Yeme Tutumu Testi (YTT), Düzey-2 Uyku Bozukluğu-6-17 Yaş Arası Çocuğun Ebeveyn Formu, Düzey-2 Uyku Bozukluğu-11-17 Yaş Arası Çocuk formu uygulandı.Bulgular: DEHB tanılı grup ve kontrol grubu arasında Düzey-2 Uyku Ölçeği Ebeveyn Formu ve YTT toplam puanlarında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark saptandı (p

Introduction: This study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) Level 2 Anger Scale. Methods: The scale was prepared by translation and back translation of DSM-5 Level 2 Anger Scale. Study groups consisted of a clinical sample of cases diagnosed with depressive disorder and treated in a child and adolescent psychiatry unit and a community sample. The study was continued with 218 children and 160 parents. In the assessment process, child and parent forms of DSM-5 Level 2 Anger Scale and Children’s Depression Inventory and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire-Parent Form were used. Results: In the reliability analyses, the Cronbach alpha internal consistency coefficient values were found very high regarding child and parent forms. Item-total score correlation coefficients were high and very high, respectively, for child and parent forms indicating a statistical significance. As for construct validity, one factor was maintained for each form and was found to be consistent with the original form of the scale. As for concurrent validity, the child form of the scale showed significant correlation with Children’s Depression Inventory, while the parent form showed significant correlation with Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire-Parent Form. Conclusion: It was found that the Turkish version of DSM-5 Level 2 Anger Scale could be utilized as a valid and reliable tool both in clinical practice and for research purposes. © 2017 by Turkish Association of Neuropsychiatry.

Kara, Halil ( Aksaray, Yazar ) Öztürk Kara, Deniz ( Aksaray, Yazar ), Amaç: Metabolik sendrom (METs) santral yağlanma, yüksek tansiyon, düşük seviyede yüksek yoğunluklu lipopro- tein (HDL) kolesterol, yükselmiş trigliserit(TG) ve hiperglisemi gibi bir dizi risk etkeninin birlikteliği şeklinde tanım- lanır. Metabolik sendrom yaygınlığı yetişkin popülasyonda birçok psikopatoloji ile hem artan belirti şiddeti düzeyin- de, hem de antidepresan kullanımı ile ilişkilendirilmiştir. Çalışmamızda duygudurum ve psikotik bozukluğu olan çocuk ve ergenlerde METs özellikleri ve METs oluşumunda var olan psikiyatrik bozuklukların ve psikotrop kullanı- mının etkilerini araştırmayı amaçladık. Yöntem: Çalışmaya Ruhsal bozuklukların Tanısal ve Sayımsal El kitabı, yeniden gözden geçirilmiş dördüncü baskısı (DSM-IV-TR) tanı ölçütlerine göre bipolar bozukluk, şizofreni, şizoaffek- tif bozukluk ve şizofreniform bozukluğu olan 13-20 yaşları arasındaki 30 hasta ve psikiyatrik bozukluğu olmayan 30 sağlıklı kontrol grubu çocuk ve ergen alınmıştır. Katılımcıların antropometrik ölçümleri (vücut ağırlığı, boy, bel çevresi, beden kitle indeksi-BKİ) yanında kan basıncı ölçümleri yapılmıştır. Katılımcıların total kolesterol, trigliserit, HDL, düşük yoğunluklu lipoprotein (LDL) değerleri ve açlık kan şekeri (AKŞ) düzeyleri ölçülerek, tüm verilerin değer- lendirilmesi sonucunda METs tanısı International Diabetes Foundation (IDF) ölçütleri temel alınarak konulmuştur. Bulgular: Çalışmamızda tüm örneklem grubumuzda METs oranı %20 (n=12) olarak belirlendi. Bunlardan dokuzu (%27) olgu grubunda, üçü (%10) kontrol grubunda idi. METs grubunun BKİ değeri, ortalama ağırlık, bel çevresi uzunluğu, serum trigliserit ve AKŞ değerleri kontrol grubundan istatistiksel olarak yüksek bulunmuştur. Ayrıca duygudurum düzenleyici ilaçların kullanımının METs gelişmesine istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir etkisi olduğu saptan- mıştır. Sonuç: Çalışmamızda çocuk ve ergenlerde psikiyatrik bozuklukların ve antipsikotik kullanımının metabolik düzenlemeyi bozduğu ve METs için risk oluşturduğu belirlenmiştir. Bulgularımızın özellikle METs açısından risk taşıyan çocuk ve ergenlerde antipsikotik kullanımına yeni yaklaşımlar sağlayacağı kanısındayız., Objective: Metabolic syndrome (METS) is described as cluster of risk factors including central obesity, hyperten- sion, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL), hypertriglyceridemia and hyperglycemia. The prevalence of METs has been associated with increased symptom severity and antidepressants utilization in many psychopathologies among adult population. We aimed to evaluate the effect of psychopathologies and antipsychotics in METs devel- opment, additionally to determine METs characteristics in children and adolescents diagnosed with bipolar and psychotic disorders. Methods: Thirty children and adolescents aged between 13-20 years old of whom were diag- nosed with bipolar mood disorders, schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder and schizophreniform according to Diag- nostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) criteria were compared with a 30 healthy children and adolescents in present study. The anthropometric measurements including body weight, height, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) as well as blood pressure measurements were documented. In addition, total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), HDL, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels were measured and METs assessed according to the IDF (International Diabetes Foundation) criteria in participants. Results: Overall the prevalence of METs was 20% (n=12) in our study. Among the METs patients, nine were (27%) in the case group, three were (10%) were in control group. The mean BMI, body weight, WC, serum TG and FBG values of the METs group were found to be statistically higher than the healthy control group. Moreover it was also found that utilization of mood-stabilizing drugs has a statistically significant effect on the development of METs. Conclusion: Psychopathologies and antipsychotic utilization have associated with an increased risk for the development of metabolic disorders and METs in the children and adolescents population. In this respect our findings may provide a new approach with the management of treatment strategies particularly in children and adolescents with high risk of METs.

Purpose: Children's low interest in food and 'lack of appetite' are of serious concern for parents and in consequently for the professionals. This study aimed to examine parental feeding strategies, effects of meal time environment, describe family functioning, and clarify general parental attitudes of the children with poor appetite from a developing country without any physical health problem that might affect growth, cause pain or discomfort during feeding.

Objective The goal of this study was to investigate depression and anxiety levels of mothers whose child (7–11 years) and adolescent (12–18 years) offspring had obesity, as well as those mothers’ attitudes toward their children and their family relationships. Method This is a cross-sectional, case–control study of 100 dyads. All mothers completed the Beck Depression Inventory, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Parental Attitude Research Instrument, and the Family Assessment Device. Results Maternal state anxiety in the group with obesity was significantly higher than controls ( p = 0.03). As measured by Family Assessment Device, affective involvement ( p = 0.05) and behavior control ( p = 0.00) scores were significantly higher for those with obesity. Obesity and adolescence have independent effects on maternal state anxiety; affective involvement domain of family function is affected by both obesity and its interaction with adolescence, while behavior control domain is singularly affected by obesity. Conclusions Our results may demonstrate that, for the mothers of children who have obesity, this condition may have an adverse effect on their lives and their family relationships. Pediatric obesity and developmental stage of offspring may have different effects on maternally reported psychometric variables. Cross-sectional design may hinder causal explanations. Further studies with longitudinal designs are needed.

Objective This study aimed to assess the possible association of high breast milk sodium levels with postpartum depression and anxiety. Methods A total of 150 mothers and their healthy, exclusively breastfed newborns aged 8 to 15 days were recruited. Mothers were asked to complete scales for evaluation of postnatal depression and anxiety following an interview for consent and sociodemographic data collection. Breast milk samples were obtained to measure sodium and potassium (K) levels. Results Forty-nine mothers had higher than expected breast milk Na concentrations and a high Na/K ratio. These mothers scored significantly higher on the scales of postnatal depression and state anxiety ( P = 0.018 and P = 0.048, respectively). Conclusions This study shows that compared to normal breast milk Na levels and Na/K ratio, high breast milk Na and high Na/K ratio, with possible serious consequences in infants, are associated with maternal depressive and anxious symptoms in the postpartum period.

Objective: In this study, levels of sodium (Na) and sodium/potassium ratio (Na/K), which are considered as indicators of successful lactation, and their relationships with the mothers and their babies' sociodemographic features, psychosocial risk factors of mothers and their adult type attachment styles were aimed to be investigated.

Introduction: This study aimed to assess the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of The DSM-5 Level 2 Depression Scale. Method: The study group included a case group that consisted of a clinical sample diagnosed with depressive disorder that continued treatment in a child and adolescent psychiatry unit and a community sample. The study was carried out with 218 children and 160 parents. The Child Depression Inventory and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire- Parent Form were used along with the DSM-5 Level 2 Depression Scale for assessment. Results: In reliability analyses, Cronbach alpha internal consistency coefficient was found to be very high for child and parent forms (0.965/0.952). Item- total score correlation coefficients are high and very high, respectively and were found to be consistent with the original structure of the scale (0.725 and 0.864 for child form- 0.644 and 0.839 for parent form) As for concurrent validity, child form had a high correlation with the Childrens Depression Inventory while parent form had a significant correlation with Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire- Parent Form (r=0.853 p [JCBPR 2017; 6(1.000): 15-21]

Objective: This study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of DSM-5 Level 1 Cross-Cutting Symptom Scale’s child and parent forms. Methods: The scale was prepared by carrying out the translation and back translation of DSM-5 Level 1 Cross-Cutting Symptom Scale’s Child and Parent Forms. Study group con-sisted of community and clinical samples. The scale was applied to 244 parents and 320 adolescents that repre-sented the clinical and community sample. For the assessment, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used along with Level 1 Cross-Cutting Symptom Scale. For reliability analyses, internal consistency coefficient and item- total score correlation analysis, test- retest factor analysis, interrater reliability and as for validity analyses; exploratory factor analysis and correlation analysis with Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire for concurrent validity were carried out. Results: Cronbach’s alpha values for DSM-5 Level 1 Cross-Cutting Symptom Scale’s Child Form was 0.893 while 0.90 for parent form. Correlation coefficient of DSM 5 Level 1 Cross-Cutting Symptom Scale as a result of its correlation with Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire was 0.698 for child form and 0.706 for parent form which was statistically significant. Correlation coefficient in test-retest application was r=0.965 for child form and r=0.919 for parent form. As for construct validity, six factors were maintained that would explain 59.3% of the variance in child form. In the parent form, five factors were maintained that would explain 60.3% of the total variance. Conclusion: It was seen that Turkish version of DSM-5 Level 1 Cross-Cutting Symptom Scale could be used as a valid and reliable tool both in clinical practice and for research purposes

Objective: The aim of the study is to define and compare individual and family characteristics, occurrence as well as the consequences of the abuse and forensic processes of children who are victims of extra and intra-familial child sexual abuse. Methods: Data was collected by retrospective chart review of 182 cases who had admitted to a child and adolescent psychiatry clinic between 2010 and 2012 for forensic evaluation due to being victims of child sexual abuse. Following data collection cases were grouped into two; 139 children and adolescent as extrafamilial and 43 cases as intra-familial child sexual abuse. Analysis of data was performed accordingly. Results: Girls were more commonly sexually abused in both groups. In the intra-familial group, mean ages of children and their parents were significantly lower. Biological father was the most common offender in the intra-familial sexual abuse group Children in the extra-familial sexual abuse group had significantly lower intelligences quotients and were not attending school. Time between the occurrence of the abuse and the forensic evaluation was significantly longer in the intra-familial group. Withdrawal of the claim was only present in the intrafamilial sexual abuse group. In both groups physical abuse accompanying sexual abuse were significantly more common in male victims. Mean age under 12 years, intelligence level and psychiatric morbidity within the family were found to be the predictors of intrafamilial sexual child abuse. Discussion: This study displays that 1/4 of child sexual abuse is in the form of incest, known to have significantly more detonating effects on the victims. It takes longer to identify the cases of incest and its deleterious effects are more implicit. Extended and expansive research on child sexual abuse, especially incest, necessitates.