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Mexico City is one of the most polluted cities in the world, and one in which air contamination is considered a public health threat. Numerous studies have related high concentrations of particulate matter and ozone to several respiratory and cardiovascular diseases and a higher human mortality risk. However, almost all of those studies have focused on human health outcomes, and the effects of anthropogenic air pollution on wildlife species is still poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the impacts of air pollution in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) on house sparrows (Passer domesticus). We assessed two physiological responses commonly used as biomarkers: stress response (the corticosterone concentration in feathers), and constitutive innate immune response (the concentration of both natural antibodies and lytic complement proteins), which are non-invasive techniques. We found a negative relationship between the ozone concentration and the natural antibodies response (p = 0.003). However, no relationship was found between the ozone concentration and the stress response or the complement system activity (p > 0.05). These results suggest that ozone concentrations in air pollution within MCMA may constrain the natural antibody response in the immune system of house sparrows. Our study shows, for the first time, the potential impact of ozone pollution on a wild species in the MCMA presenting the Nabs activity and the house sparrow as suitable indicators to assess the effect of air contamination on the songbirds.

El presente estudio tuvo como propósito interpretar desde una mirada fenomenológica a la resiliencia de los docentes universitarios bajo la amenaza de una pandemia partiendo de los discursos y haceres de los actores sociales en el ámbito de la docencia universitaria. En este sentido, la investigación se ubica en el enfoque cualitativo, bajo la perspectiva teórica del interpretativismo, apoyado metodológicamente en la fenomenología y la hermenéutica. Se asume la realidad objeto de estudio desde un contexto ontológicamente complejo, múltiple, divergente y en una dinámica de construcción y reconstrucción permanente donde la intersubjetividad está presente en todo el proceso de la investigación. Los docentes vinculas a esta investigación constituyen los actores sociales, quienes versionaron sobre la realidad de estudio en cuatro (4) docentes pertenecientes a universidades públicas y tres (3) a privadas. Se utilizaron técnicas fenomenológicas tales como la entrevista a profundidad y el testimonio focalizado (virtual); la información obtenida fue sistematizada mediante la codificación, categorización y triangulación, de la cual emergieron categorías tales como: factores de riesgo psicosocial laboral, desempeño laboral y factores que consolidan la modalidad virtual. Finalmente se presenta como aspecto concluyente que el docente universitario ha salido favorecido y fortalecido, ya que retomaron desde otros espacios su labor con responsabilidad, calidad, mística, compromiso, confianza y visión futurista, todo ello con el propósito de cumplir con el compromiso moral que ha adquirido con la sociedad de continuar en la formación personal y social de los estudiantes, apostando sus conocimientos y experiencias con una actitud de fortaleza, para así opacar sus debilidades y enfrentar con entereza tal situación.

Ecosystem services (ES) refer to the benefits that people obtain from the ecosystem. In this sense, Prunus serotina is associated with the provision of ES; however, these services have been scarcely studied. The objective of this research was to determine the knowledge and perceptions of individuals in rural areas regarding the importance of ES, as well as the factors that influence them. Surveys were applied in three study areas (Chimborazo, Tungurahua, and Cotopaxi) of the central Andes of Ecuador that detailed the sociodemographic and perception characteristics of ES based on the predefined ES of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA). In the assessment, the interview data were analyzed to obtain the relationships between the variables using Spearman’s correlation in the R-studio software. The results showed that individuals’ level of education, age, and gender play an important role in variations in peoples’ knowledge of ES. A total of 21 ES were identified; the most representative services, according to their ecosystem category, were support (shelter for birds and insects and soil formation), provisioning (food, insecticide, wood, and firewood), regulation (improvement in the quality of air and climate regulation), and culture (scenic beauty and the maintenance of traditions). This analysis of the social perception of ES works as a strategy for the maintenance of Prunus serotina in the orchards and plots of families in the central Andes of Ecuador. The identification of ES through the social perception of their existence facilitates an understanding of the importance of ES in rural localities, which lays the foundation for strategies to be developed in the future for their conservation.

BACKGROUND Mean arterial pressure (MAP) drives ocular perfusion. Excessive 24-h MAP variability relates to glaucoma, however, whether this is due to dips or increases in the blood pressure (BP) is undocumented. We investigated the association of open-angle glaucoma (OAG) in relation to the 5 largest MAP dips/increases over 24-h, henceforth called dips/blips. METHODS In the Maracaibo Aging Study (MAS), 93 participants aged ≥40 y (women, 87.1%; mean age, 61.9 y) underwent baseline ophthalmological and 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring assessments. OAG was the presence of optic nerve damage and visual field defects. Statistical methods included logistic regression and the generalized R2 statistic. For replication, 48 OAG cases at the Leuven Glaucoma Clinic were matched with 48 controls recruited from Flemish population. RESULTS In the MAS, 26 participants had OAG. OAG compared to non-OAG participants experienced longer and deeper dips (116.5 vs. 102.7 minutes; to 60.3 vs. 66.6 mm Hg; −21.0 vs. −18.0 mm Hg absolute or 0.79 vs. 0.81 relative dip compared to the preceding reading). The adjusted odds ratios associated with dip measures ranged from 2.25 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.31–4.85; P = 0.009) to 3.39 (95% CI, 1.36–8.46; P = 0.008). On top of covariables and 24-MAP level/variability, the dip measures increased the model performance (P ≤ 0.025). Blips did not associate with OAG. The case–control study replicated the MAS observations. CONCLUSIONS Dips rather than increases in the 24-h MAP level were associated with increased risk for OAG. An ophthalmological examination combined with 24-h BP monitoring might be precautious steps required in normotensive and hypertensive patients at risk of OAG.

DELLA proteins are land-plant specific transcriptional regulators that transduce environmental information to multiple processes throughout a plant’s life1–3. The molecular basis for this critical function in angiosperms has been linked to the regulation of DELLA stability by gibberellins and to the capacity of DELLA proteins to interact with hundreds of transcription factors4,5. Although bryophyte orthologues can partially fulfil functions attributed to angiosperm DELLA6,7, it is not clear whether the capacity to establish interaction networks is an ancestral property of DELLA proteins or is associated with their role in gibberellin signalling8–10. Here we show that representative DELLAs from the main plant lineages display a conserved ability to interact with multiple transcription factors. We propose that promiscuity was encoded in the ancestral DELLA protein, and that this property has been largely maintained, whereas the lineage-dependent diversification of DELLA-dependent functions mostly reflects the functional evolution of their interacting partners.

Esa vez fue exactamente la última en que la plenitud de la tarde atropelló la espalda de su papá al llegar del trabajo y quedarse parado en medio de tremenda luz luego de abrir la puerta. El sol ya en total agonía hacía vislumbrar con alto estrago su silueta como tapizada de sudor y polvo, pues el hijo no sabía muy bien hasta entonces, que no sólo representaba el arduo y cansado esfuerzo de la clase obrera de siempre, sino que, colapsaba simbólicamente también esa encarnizada desigualdad de la aguda contemporaneidad inexorable del día a día que los ricos no pasan en pandemia...

Se expone una revision sobre las teorias de como alcanzar un aprendizaje ubicuo de matematica, para alcanzar un nuevo paradigma de aprendizaje. La conexion brindada por los dispositivos y herramientas, en especial el internet, nos ha traido nuevas posibilidades de comunicacion a nivel mundial. Las TIC, han causado un cambio en la informacion y acceso al conocimiento, con efectos que recien estamos empezando a conocer, principalmente en el area educativa, nos brinda mayor facilidad de acceso y libertad en el aprendizaje, ya que nos permite ir a nuestro ritmo desde diferentes lugares sin la necesidad de movilizarnos a centros formativos y tampoco someternos a horarios fijos. El estudio abordo los siguientes temas: (1) la importancia de los dispositivos manuales moviles; (2) El constructivismo; (3) Cualidades del constructivismo; (4) La Conectividad de Siemens; (5) Principios de la Conectividad; (6) Ubicuidad; (7) Aprendizaje ubicuo; y finalmente (8) El aprendizaje ubicuo de matematica. Cada uno de estos temas permitio ver de una manera distinta la nueva forma de aprender. El articulo concluye mencionando la importancia del aprendizaje ubicuo para los estudiantes y profesores, en su campo laboral, personal y academico. A review of the theories of how to achieve ubiquitous learning in mathematics in order to achieve a new learning paradigm is presented. The connection provided by devices and tools, especially the internet, has brought us new communication possibilities worldwide. ITCs have caused a change in information and access to knowledge, with effects that we are just beginning to know, mainly in the educational area; it also provides us with greater ease of access and freedom in learning since it allows us to go at our own pace from different places without the need to move to instructive centers and not subject to fixed schedules. This study covered the following topics: (1) the importance of manual mobile devices; (2) Constructivism; (3) Constructivism Characteristics; (4) Siemens’s Connectivism; (5) Connectivism Principles; (6) Ubiquity; (7) Ubiquitous Learning; and finally (8) Ubiquitous learning in mathematics. Each of these topics enabled a new point of view for learning. The article concludes by mentioning the importance of ubiquitous learning for students and teachers, in their work, personal and academic fields.

En este trabajo se propone desarrollar un análisis técnico de una red de distribución monofásica radial en media tensión de un sector del cantón Daule de la Corporación Nacional de Electricidad Unidad de Negocio Guayas Los Ríos, CNEL EP GLR; con el fin de mejorar los perfiles de tensión de la red. Se analizarán las causas que provocan el colapso del voltaje, y los medios para mitigar este problema. El método utilizado para mantener la estabilidad del voltaje en la red, motivo de este estudio, es utilizando reguladores de tensión “Quick Drive Tap”, y se establece mediante simulación en el software CYME, en el cual se desarrollará el análisis técnico en estado estable, con varios escenarios para encontrar la localización óptima y el dimensionamiento de los reguladores. Finalmente, se desarrolla una comparación de la red de distribución antes y después de lograr que los niveles de voltaje estén dentro de los porcentajes admitidos por el ente regulador de las empresas eléctricas de distribución, ARCONEL.

Air pollution exposure is a risk factor for arrhythmia. The atrioventricular (AV) conduction axis is key for the passage of electrical signals to ventricles. We investigated whether environmental nanoparticles (NPs) reach the AV axis and whether they are associated with ultrastructural cell damage. Here, we demonstrate the detection of the shape, size, and composition of NPs by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) in 10 subjects from Metropolitan Mexico City (MMC) with a mean age of 25.3 ± 5.9 and a 71-year-old subject without cardiac pathology. We found that in every case, Fe, Ti, Al, Hg, Cu, Bi, and/or Si spherical or acicular NPs with a mean size of 36 ± 17 nm were present in the AV axis in situ, freely and as conglomerates, within the mitochondria, sarcomeres, lysosomes, lipofuscin, and/or intercalated disks and gap junctions of Purkinje and transitional cells, telocytes, macrophages, endothelium, and adjacent atrial and ventricular fibers. Erythrocytes were found to transfer NPs to the endothelium. Purkinje fibers with increased lysosomal activity and totally disordered myofilaments and fragmented Z-disks exhibited NP conglomerates in association with gap junctions and intercalated disks. AV conduction axis pathology caused by environmental NPs is a plausible and modifiable risk factor for understanding common arrhythmias and reentrant tachycardia. Anthropogenic, industrial, e-waste, and indoor NPs reach pacemaker regions, thereby increasing potential mechanisms that disrupt the electrical impulse pathways of the heart. The cardiotoxic, oxidative, and abnormal electric performance effects of NPs in pacemaker locations warrant extensive research. Cardiac arrhythmias associated with nanoparticle effects could be preventable.

Prunus serotina is divided into five subspecies. Among these, P. serotina subsp. capuli, commonly known as capuli, is native to Central and South America. Its fruits are big, sweet, and consumed by locals in various forms, with the Ecuadorian Andes region providing the best fruit forms of capuli. The objective of this study was to characterize a collection of different genotypes of capuli’s fruit, and their endocarps, found growing in the wild in the Chimborazo, Tungurahua, and Cotopaxi provinces of Ecuador. The fruits were characterized for weight (11.7–50.3 g), diameter (12.4–21.7 mm), height (11.4–19.7 mm), and soluble solids content (SSC) (13.4–27.6 °Brix) across two years. Similarly, the endocarps’ diameters (7.5–12.2 mm) and heights (8.1–13.6 mm) were measured. Significant differences were found for all the fruit and endocarp variables studied. A multivariate analysis showed that all the fruit and endocarp size characteristics, except SSC, were positively correlated with each other within a season. No clear population differentiation was seen among the genotypes from different provinces, suggesting a lack of clear morphological differentiation. The future breeding and selection of a capuli with superior, commercial, large fruit and a high SSC shows great potential.

Au nanoparticles were supported on TiO

Without a doubt, smoking continues to be the leading cause of disease, disability, and premature death worldwide. How ever, the advent of the new Electronic Administration Systems of Nicotine (SEAN), among which the electronic cigarette stands out, has had explosive growth and in some countries has depleted tobacco cigarettes, especially among young people who feel attracted by its striking flavors and the deployment of technology that is used in its design and operation. The SEANs initially emerged in 2003 as a supposed help to quit smoking, at 16 years from this date no clinical studies are confirming their superiority over existing medications for this purpose: nicotine, bupropion and varenicline replacement therapies, or over psychological therapies such as emotional and cognitive-behavioral rational. On the other side, a large amount of evidence has been accumulated on the deleterious effect they have on the health of consumers, the risk they represent is unquestionable and this is confirmed by recent reports from the Centers for Disease Control of the United States (CDC) that indicate 2142 hospitalized cases with acute lung disease and 42 deaths from this cause, 79% being people under 35 years. This outbreak of lung disease has determined that the ban on SEAN in the United States will be planted. Also, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the sale of hybrid cigarettes or “Heets” (Heat-not-burn tobacco products), which uses heated tobacco, and are now available in our country. There is no doubt that as health professionals, we must inform with scientific evidence about the risks that SEANs pose to their consumers, we must also learn from the history of smoking to prevent the morbidity and mortality associated with these new tobacco products. Keywords: Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS); electronic cigarettes; JUUL®; heets; toxicity; health effects; damage.

En este artículo se aborda el diseño de un controlador para el péndulo de Furuta, que es un sistema subactuado, no lineal y altamente inestable, lo cual lo hace un reto tanto científico, como tecnológico. Este sistema es a menudo utilizado en el dominio de la teoría de control ya que ayuda entender conceptos de control de mecanismos. Las dinámicas que presenta el péndulo de Furuta pueden ser encontradas en diversos sistemas físicos de alta relevancia, tales como: robots de dos llantas, transportadores personales Segway, propulsores de cohetes, controles de vuelo, etc. El objetivo es resolver el problema de estabilización en la posición invertida inestable del péndulo mediante un controlador óptimo, haciendo uso del modelo dinámico del péndulo fabricado por Quanser©. Un regulador óptimo cuadrático fue diseñado, tal que, el sistema no perturbado es estable alrededor de la posición invertida inestable, mientras que la energía de la señal de entrada es apropiada. La existencia de las soluciones propias de la ecuación algebraica de Riccati aseguran estabilizabilidad y detectabilidad del sistema y estás implican que el sistema en lazo cerrado es estable. Los resultados muestran que el controlador cumple satisfactoriamente los requerimientos de diseño del sistema.

In this article, we discuss the design of a controller for the Furuta pendulum, which is a subactuated, nonlinear and highly unstable system, which makes it a scientific and technological challenge. This system is often used in the domain of control theory as it helps to understand concepts of control mechanisms. The dynamics of the Furuta pendulum can be found in several high-profile physical systems, such as: two-wheel robots, Segway, personal transporters, rocket propellers, flight controls, etc. The objective is to solve the stabilization problem in the unstable inverted position of the pendulum using an optimal controller, making use of the dynamic model of a pendulum manufactured by Quanser©. A linear quadratic regulator was designed, such that the undisturbed system is stable around the unstable inverted position, while the input signal energy is appropriate. The existence of the solutions of Riccati's algebraic equation assures stabilization and detectability of the system and implies that the closed-loop system is stable. The results show that the controller satisfies the design requirements of the system.

Loxosceles spp. (brown spiders) bites are responsible for the development of a syndrome consisting mainly of dermonecrotic lesions, and also systemic effects. Rabbits are one of the main experimental models used for better understanding the systemic and local effects of Loxosceles venom. The aim of this study is to evaluate the toxic and protective effects of rabbits immunized with Loxosceles spp. venom. Male New Zealand rabbits were allocated as a control group (CG; n = 5) that received adjuvant (Montanide) and phosphate-buffer saline (PBS), or as venom group (VG; n = 5) that received 21 μg of Loxosceles venom using Montanide as adjuvant. After five immunization cycles, a trial with 7 μg of Loxosceles intermedia (L. intermedia) venom was performed, and dermonecrotic lesions were measured. The rabbits were then euthanized, and their organs were collected for histopathology analysis. Rabbits that had undergone Loxosceles venom immunization protocol showed minor clinical disturbances during the experimental period. The used immunization protocol protected the rabbits against the toxic effect of the Loxosceles venom because they showed minor clinical disturbances during the experimental period.

Bites of brown spiders (Loxosceles spp.) are responsible for dermonecrotic lesions and potentially systemic envenoming that can lead to death. The only effective therapy is the use of the antivenom, usually produced in horses. However, little is known about the consequences of the systematic use of the Loxosceles venom and adjuvants and of the bleedings on antivenom-producing horses. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical changes in horses in their first immunization protocol for Loxosceles antivenom production. Eleven healthy horses, never immunized, were evaluated in three different periods: T0 (before immunization); T1 (after their first venom immunization); and T2 (after their first bleeding). Horses were clinically evaluated, sampled for blood, and underwent electrocardiographic (ECG) recordings. Several suppurated subcutaneous abscesses occurred due to the use of Freund’s adjuvants and thrombophlebitis due to systematic venipunctures for the bleeding procedures. ECG showed arrhythmias in few horses in T2, such as an increase in T and R waves. In summary, the immunization protocol impacted on horses’ health, especially after bleeding for antivenom procurement.

Background: Scorpionism is a worldwide medical issue, especially relevant in the tropical and subtropical countries. Tityus serrulatus is the species responsible for most cases in Brazil. Antivenom administration to victims is the sole specific therapy obtained from donor animals. Most of these donors suffer with symptoms of the poisoning, debilitating their health and reducing their life expectancy. The aim of the present research was to evaluate whether the immunogens prepared from the crude and detoxified venom of T. serrulatus promoted different changes in fractionated sheep plasma proteins, during a scorpion antivenom serum production.Materials, Methods & Results: Twelve sheep, healthy, mean weight of 30 kg, were distributed into 3 groups (n = 4): G1 (control), G2 (crude venom) and G3 (detoxified venom). The adopted immunization protocol (first cycle) had 6 doses, 3 using Freund's adjuvant, with a 21-day interval between each one (day 0, 22 and 43), and 3 doses with no adjuvant (booster) and 0.2 mg of antigen (reinforcement), spaced 3 days between each other (day 50, 53 and 56). Group control (G1) received 6 immunizations with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) associated with Freund's adjuvant (1:1), while the other 2 groups received 0.5 mg of venom (G2) and detoxified venom (G3), respectively, diluted in PBS, associated with the Freund adjuvant. The boosters were 1/3 of the initial dose, diluted only PBS. At baseline (T0) and at 24 and 48 h after immunization, all animals underwent clinical examinations. Blood samples were collected at day 0, 22, 43, 53 and 56 for proteinogram analysis. Total protein, albumin and globulins fractions were measured. Plasma albumin concentration at T0 ranged from 3.41-4.86 g/dL, with a mean value of 4.12 g/dL. There was no statistical difference between the 3 experimental groups. The normal values determined for α-globulin range from 0.14 to 0.54 g/dL, with a mean of 0.31 g/dL (T0). There was a significant increase in the 3rd immunization and its respective interval (24-48 h), with values above normal in all groups: G1 (0.66 g/dL), G2 (0.62 g/dL) and G3 (0.65g/dL). The β-globulin was subdivided into β1 and β2 globulin. At T0, the normal values of β1 ranged from 0.45 to 1.05 g/dL, with a mean of 0.664 g/dL, and no significant change was observed in this classification. On the other hand, there was an abrupt increase in β2 in all groups after the first immunization, compared to the baseline value in T0 (0.37 g/dL mean value). From the third to the 6th immunization, there was an important reduction in β2 fraction when compared with baseline value. The γ-globulins fraction ranged from 0.80 g/dL to 76 g/dL. In the 6th immunization, there was a significant difference between G1 and the groups that received venom (G2 and G3). Therefore, all animals presented an acute inflammatory response, evidenced by the significant reduction of plasma albumin and an increase in α-globulin and β2-globulin. It is important to point out that T. serrulatus detoxified venom did not cause alterations in ovine proteinogram during the first cycle of immunization.Discussion: The fact that both groups (G2 and G3) presented acute inflammatory response, indicates that this alteration is caused by the adjuvant present in the immunization protocol. Tityus serrulatus venom detoxified with glutaraldehyde did not ~cause significant alterations in ovine proteinogram in the early stages, suggesting that itmay be used as an alternative antigen for the production of antivenom, improving clinical conditions of donor animals.Keywords: scorpion, clinical pathology, ruminants, inflammation, antiserum.Título: Proteinograma de ovelhas imunizadas com veneno detoxificado do escorpião Tityus serrulatusDescritores: escorpião, patologia clínica, ruminantes, inflamação, antisoro.

The protein-energy wasting (PEW) syndrome is a common complication in hemodialysis (HD) patients associated to morbidity and mortality. Our objective was to assess the prevalence of PEW and its association with erythropoietin resistance index (ERI) score, body composition by impedance, health-related quality of life, and muscle strength.In this cross-sectional, observational, multicenter study, we included data from 191 HD patients from three HD clinics located in Mexico City, Mexico. Clinical and biochemistry variables, body composition, handgrip strength, and the KDQOL-SF36 questionnaire were collected for each patient.Prevalence of PEW was 22% (n = 41/191), with a higher frequency in those with diabetes mellitus (59% vs. 49%, p = 0.04). Subjects with PEW had lower hemoglobin levels (9.5 + 1.6 g/dl vs. 10.3 + 1.7 g/dl; p = 0.005) and higher ERI scores (19.2 ± 11.2 vs. 15.6 ± 8.2; p = 0.04) compared with the non-PEW group. In analysis of body composition, PEW was associated to higher overhydration status (42.2 vs. 24.9 OH/kg; p = 0.009), higher extracellular water (263 ± 40 vs. 246 ± 32 ml/kg; p = 0.019), lower lean tissue index (12.2 ± 3.2 vs. 14.1 ± 3.7 ml/mIn this study, PEW was associated to poor responsiveness to erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, lower muscle strength, and higher overhydration status due to the increase in extracellular water which replaced the loss of tissue. Nevertheless, quality-of-life assessment was not different in patients with PEW compared with those without this complication.

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), alone or associated with dapsone (DAP), in treating dermonecrotic wounds caused by Loxosceles laeta venom. Twenty-five male rabbits were distributed into five groups. Negative control received ultrapure water (C-), whilst all other groups were injected with 20 μg of L. laeta venom. After 4 hours, each group received one of the following treatments: PBS (C+), DAP, MSC, and DAP+MSC. Animals were evaluated daily and photographic records made for analysis of wound area. Twelve days after, animals were euthanized and skin samples removed for histological analysis. We observed that DAP showed the best percentage of wound contraction at day 3. In the treatments using MSCs, a negative value of wound contraction was observed for the isolated MSCs, as well as a lower contraction value for the association of the MSC + DAP when compared to PBS, probably, by the increase in initial infammation after the application of stem cells, due to the fact that MSCs secrete a broad spectrum of bioactive molecules such as cytokines and growth factors that favor regeneration. Histologically, it was observed that animals of C+ showed extensive areas of necrosis, ulcers, neutrophilic infiltrate, and mineralization. Collagen deposition showed increase in MSC+DAP treatment, however vascularization remained unchanged. This is the first report using MSC and MSC+DAP as a treatment for cutaneous loxoscelism and more studies are needed to determine its use as an alternative therapy for dermonecrotic lesions caused by Loxosceles spider. Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a eficácia das células-tronco mesenquimais (CTMs), isoladas ou associadas à dapsona (DAP), no tratamento de feridas dermonecróticas causadas pelo veneno de Loxosceles laeta. Vinte e cinco coelhos machos foram distribuídos em cinco grupos. O controle negativo recebeu água ultrapura (C-), enquanto todos os outros grupos foram injetados com 20 μg de veneno de L. laeta. Após 4 horas, cada grupo recebeu um dos seguintes tratamentos: PBS (C+), DAP, CTMs e DAP + CTMs. Os animais foram avaliados diariamente durante 12 dias, e feitos registros fotográficos para análise da ferida e no 12º dia, foram eutanasiados e, retiradas amostras de pele para análise histológica. Observou-se que a DAP apresentou o melhor percentual de contração da ferida no terceiro dia. Nos tratamentos com CTMs, observou-se uma contração negativa da ferida tanto para as CTMs isoladas, bem como a associação CTMs + DAP em relação ao PBS, possivelmente, pelo aumento da infamação inicial após a aplicação de células-tronco. Isso é devido ao fato de que as CTMs secretam um amplo espectro de moléculas bioativas como citocinas e fatores de crescimento que favorecem a regeneração. Histologicamente, observou-se que os animais de C+ apresentaram extensas áreas de necrose, úlceras, infiltrado neutrofílico, além de mineralização. Houve aumento de deposição de colágeno no tratamento CTMs + DAP, no entanto, a vascularização permaneceu inalterada. Este é o primeiro relato usando CTMs e CTMs + DAP como tratamento para loxoscelismo cutâneo e mais estudos são necessários para determinar seu uso como terapia alternativa para lesões demonecróticas causadas pela aranha Loxosceles.

El presente artículo nos presenta las diversas experiencias a nivel mundial en competencias digitales docentes. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo conocer y analizar su desarrollo e importancia. Para eso se realizó un estudio bibliometrico sobre los artículos científicos referentes a competencias digitales docentes en los últimos ocho años, para eso se acudió a google académico, revistas de acceso abierto y se utilizó la estrategia prisma Los resultados muestran la existencia de diversas investigaciones respecto a las competencias digitales en el profesorado concluyéndose que abundan más las investigaciones en competencias digitales docentes en educación superior que en educación básica. Palabras clave: Educación básica , Competencias digitales docentes, Educación superior

El pueblo más alejado cuenta con un valioso legado ancestral, más aún los países pluriculturales y multilingües. Por ello, el artículo tiene como objetivo fundamentar la importancia de la inclusión del legado ancestral en la educación, a partir de la valoración de la herencia cultural poco conocida e ignorada por la gran mayoría de los estudiantes. Para tal cometido, se hace una revisión e interpretación de teorías y documentos que sustentan la Articleinvestigación desde un enfoque histórico cultural. El estudio se llevó a cabo en dos etapas. Un primer momento, se realizó una investigación documental sobre la sabiduría ancestral, diversidad, patrimonio cultural y la diversificación curricular. En un segundo momento, se realizó el análisis y la síntesis de los artículos hallados en revistas indizadas. El legado ancestral como sinónimo de diversidad cultural ha sido minimizada e infravalorada, considerada en muchos casos como “educación no formal”. En consecuencia, debido al poco tratamiento del legado ancestral como parte del proceso de diversificación curricular en el sistema educativo, seguiremos formando de espaldas al valioso patrimonio cultural de cada pueblo. A partir del estudio consideramos pertinente proponer la diversificación como parte fundamental del proceso de planificación curricular en las instituciones educativas.

Parisot et al., [Background]: The rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae is one of the most important agricultural pests, causing extensive damage to cereal in fields and to stored grains. S. oryzae has an intracellular symbiotic relationship (endosymbiosis) with the Gram-negative bacterium Sodalis pierantonius and is a valuable model to decipher host-symbiont molecular interactions., [Results]: We sequenced the Sitophilus oryzae genome using a combination of short and long reads to produce the best assembly for a Curculionidae species to date. We show that S. oryzae has undergone successive bursts of transposable element (TE) amplification, representing 72% of the genome. In addition, we show that many TE families are transcriptionally active, and changes in their expression are associated with insect endosymbiotic state. S. oryzae has undergone a high gene expansion rate, when compared to other beetles. Reconstruction of host-symbiont metabolic networks revealed that, despite its recent association with cereal weevils (30 kyear), S. pierantonius relies on the host for several amino acids and nucleotides to survive and to produce vitamins and essential amino acids required for insect development and cuticle biosynthesis., [Conclusions]: Here we present the genome of an agricultural pest beetle, which may act as a foundation for pest control. In addition, S. oryzae may be a useful model for endosymbiosis, and studying TE evolution and regulation, along with the impact of TEs on eukaryotic genomes., Funding for this project was provided by the Fondation de l’Institut National des Sciences Appliquées-Lyon (INSA-Lyon), the research direction of INSA-Lyon, the Santé des Plantes et Environnement (SPE) department at the Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), the French ANR-10-BLAN-1701 (ImmunSymbArt), the French ANR-13-BSV7-0016-01 (IMetSym), the French ANR-17_CE20_0031_01 (GREEN), and a grant from la Région Rhône-Alpes (France) to AH. RR received funding from the French ANR-17-CE20-0015 (UNLEASH) and the IDEX-Lyon PALSE IMPULSION initiative. The project was also funded by European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (Spain) PGC2018-099344-B-I00 to AL, and PID2019-105969GB-I00 to AM and Conselleria d’Educació, Generalitat Valenciana (Spain), grant number PROMETEO/2018/133 to AM. CV-C was a recipient of a fellowship from the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Spain) and a grant from la Région Rhône-Alpes (France).

Antecedentes En una cesarea se puede emplear analgesia epidural con bupivacaina 0.125% and lidocaina 1.5% o bupivacaina 0.25% and lidocaina 1.0%. Una concentracion mayor de bupivacaina alcanza mayor analgesia con mas eventos adversos. OBJETIVO evaluar la analgesia y seguridad de bupivacaina 0.125% and lidocaina 1.5% o bupivacaina 0.25% and lidocaina 1.0%. MATERIALES Y METODOS Cohorte prospectivo estratificado segun ambas concentraciones de bupivacaina. RESULTADOS Se recupero cien gestantes a termino (cincuenta por cohorte). A los 20 y 30 minutos tras la administracion epidural hubo mas casos con mayor bloqueo motor en quienes se empleo bupivacaina 0.125% and lidocaina 1.5% (p = 0.0229 y p = 0.0006, respectivamente). No hubo diferencia significativa respecto al bloqueo sensitivo. Bupivacaina 0.25% and lidocaina 1.5% mostro una tencencia a la hipotension (p < 0.001) y a la bradicardia (p = 0.4100). De la cohorte de bupivacaina 0.125% and lidocaina 1.5%, 25 casos (50%) presentaron cuando menos un evento adverso, en contraste con 44/50 (88%) de la cohorte de bupivacaina 0.25% and lidocaina 1.0% (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION En la analgesia epidural durante cesarea, bupivacaina 0.125% and lidocaina 1.5% esta asociado con un efecto analgesico similar a bupivacaina 0.25% and lidocaina 1.0%. Sin embargo, mayores concentraciones estan significativamente relacionadas con mayor tasa de eventos adversos (especialmente hipotension). BACKGROUND In a cesarean section, epidural analgesia with 0.125% bupivacaine and 1.5% lidocaine or 0.25% bupivacaine with 1.0% lidocaine concentrations can be used. A higher concentration of bupivacaine reaches better analgesia but with a higher rate of drug-related adverse events. AIM The aim of the study was to assess analgesia and safety of 0.125% bupivacaine and 1.5% lidocaine or 0.25% bupivacaine with 1.0% lidocaine during cesarean. MATERIALS AND METHODS Prospective cohort stratified following both bupivacaine concentrations. RESULTS One hundred women with full-term pregnancies were selected (fifty per cohort). At 20 and 30 min after epidural administration, there was a higher proportion of motor blockade cases from the 0.125% bupivacaine and 1.5% lidocaine cohort (p = 0.0229 and p = 0.0006, respectively). There was no significant difference among sensitive blockage. A 0.25% bupivacaine and 1.0% lidocaine concentration showed a tendency to hypotension (p < 0.001) and bradycardia (p = 0.4100). From 0.125% bupivacaine and 1.5% lidocaine cohort, 25 cases (50%) presented at least one adverse event; in contrast with 44/50 (88%) from 0.25% bupivacaine and 1.0% lidocaine cohort (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION In epidural analgesia during cesarean, using 0.125% bupivacaine and 1.5% lidocaine presented similar analgesia than 0.25% bupivacaine and 1.0% lidocaine. However, a higher bupivacaine concentration is significantly related to more frequent drug-related adverse events (especially hypotension).

Urbanization has been identified as one of the major causes of species endangerment. Albeit important efforts by urban ecologists, there are still understudied regions in the globe with an important bias toward bird studies. Fortunately, studies from biodiversity-rich regions are increasingly growing; yet, with few exceptions, most evidence-based suggested urban conservation, management, and planning strategies have remained in the publications. The aim of this study was to draw them from a ‘dead letter’ by compiling all available publications carried out in Mexican grounds that explicitly suggested strategies and/or actions that could influence bird conservation through urban management and/or planning. We identified three main topics of recommendations: (1) greenspace management and planning, (2) study and control of exotic, invasive, and/or nuisance species, and (3) public policies and conservation strategies and plans. It is clear that the recommendations from the reviewed Mexican urban bird literature provide a compelling guide to start bridging the gap between evidence-based knowledge and the materialization of their suggestions on the path toward creating biodiverse and livable cities. We believe that the transference of urban ecology knowledge relies on the willingness of all implied stakeholders, including scientists, urban citizens, and decision makers.

Se sabe que el Análisis de Fluctuaciones sin Tendencia o DFA (Detrended Fluctuations Analysis, por sus siglas en inglés) de las series de tiempo biológicas como el Electrocardiograma (ECG), el Electroencefalograma (EEG) y otras resulta ser una herramienta útil para discriminar entre la salud o la enfermedad. Con el fin de corroborar si existen diferencias entre los DFA de Adultos Mayores (AM) con Deterioro Cognitivo (DC) y sin Deterioro Cognitivo (sDC), se realizaron DFA en dos sujetos, cada uno de ellos diagnosticado con DC o sDC. Se obtuvieron los registros de EEG y Electromiografía (EMG) durante la condición de vigilia con ojos cerrados. Se desarrolló una interfaz amigable en Python con la que se selecciona la serie de tiempo para el cálculo de los DFA. Se observó que en reposo con ojos cerrados, el sujeto con DC presenta mayores valores en regiones frontales que aquel sujeto sDC. Se concluye que el DFA aporta información cuantificable sobre la localización y mecanismos subyacentes al DC que pueden servir para ayudar a monitorear el curso del DC del AM.

In this paper is proposed a solution to the tracking problem with robust H_∞ global control, applied to robot manipulator completely actuated with rotational joint in presence of external disturbances. The Hamilton-Jacobi-Isaacs inequality is verified by a strict function of Lyapunov and enough conditions will be found under which the equilibrium point of the closed-loop system is asymptotically stable globally while the disturbed system has a gain L_2 less than or equal to a predetermined constant. Currently, one of the disadvantages of the H_∞ control, with respect to other control techniques, is the linearization of the system around a point of equilibrium, which converts the Hamilton-Jacobi-Isaacs inequality into algebraic of Riccati equations, which facilitate the solution to the motion control problem H_∞, however, the controller becomes local. Now, through a strict function of Lyapunov it was possible to verify that the Hamilton-Jacobi-Isaacs inequality is satisfied globally. The theory is validated in a robot manipulator with l degree of freedom.