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La asociación entre los factores ambientales y el desempeño cognitivo durante la infancia podría estar mediada por la pertenencia a hogares pobres (i.e., hogares con necesidades básicas insatisfechas o satisfechas). Este estudio exploró tal mediación en preescolares de diferentes contextos socioeconómicos. Para tal fin, se administraron tareas que demandaron atención ejecutiva, memoria de trabajo, control inhibitorio, planificación y razonamiento fluido a 250 niños/as de 4 y 5 años. Los resultados sugirieron que la pobreza medió los efectos de la composición familiar, la salud infantil, los factores de riesgo para la salud, cantidad de niños/as y adultos en el hogar, la edad materna y las actividades de alfabetización sobre la atención ejecutiva, el razonamiento fluido y el control inhibitorio. Estos resultados contribuyen a la comprensión de la relación entre los factores ambientales y el desarrollo cognitivo a través de la identificación de la pobreza como variable mediadora. The association between environmental factors and cognitive performance during childhood could be mediated by poverty (i.e., households with Unsatisfied or Satisfied Basic Needs). This study explored such mediating roles in preschoolers from different socioeconomic backgrounds. Tasks to assess executive attention, working memory, inhibitory control, planning, and fluid reasoning were administered to 250 children aged 4 and 5 years. The results suggested that poverty mediated the effects of family composition, child health, health risk factors, children and adults at home, maternal age, and literacy activities on the performance of executive attention, fluid reasoning, and inhibitory control. These results contribute to our understanding of the relationship between environmental factors and cognitive development through the identification of the mediating role of poverty. Fil: Fracchia, Carolina Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. CEMIC-CONICET. Centro de Educaciones Médicas e Investigaciones Clínicas "Norberto Quirno". CEMIC-CONICET; Argentina Fil: Segretin, María Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. CEMIC-CONICET. Centro de Educaciones Médicas e Investigaciones Clínicas "Norberto Quirno". CEMIC-CONICET; Argentina Fil: Hermida, Maria Julia. Universidad Nacional de Hurlingham; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Prats, Lucía María. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. CEMIC-CONICET. Centro de Educaciones Médicas e Investigaciones Clínicas "Norberto Quirno". CEMIC-CONICET; Argentina Fil: Lipina, Sebastián Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. CEMIC-CONICET. Centro de Educaciones Médicas e Investigaciones Clínicas "Norberto Quirno". CEMIC-CONICET; Argentina

Different ways of solving planning and spatial working memory tasks generate different taskperformance profiles. Tests were administered to 346 (planning) and 427 (spatial working memory) Argentinean children from different socioeconomic (SES) backgrounds. A cross-sectional design was performed to explore eventual variable profiles of performance that were associated with levels of success or failure on tasks that tapped working memory and planning demands and to evaluate their association with SES backgrounds. The results showed that (1) different task-performance profiles were identified: decreased, changeless, oscillated, or increased; (2) the total score for the tasks was significantly different among these profiles; and (3) there were significant differences in the total score among SES groups, which depended on type of profile. These findings suggested the importance of studying individual differences in the performance of tasks that demand self-regulatory processes of children with SES disadvantages. This is important for the understanding of how children solve problems, and how that behavior varies according to SES. Keywords: Self-regulation Processes, Task-performance Profiles, Socioeconomic Conditions, Preschool Children ---- Individualitat und Selbstregulation bei Kindergartenkindern Zusammenfassung Aufgaben zum Planen und zum Arbeitsgedachtnis konnen verschiedenartig gelost werden. Argentinische Kinder mit unterschiedlichem soziookonomischen Status (SES) haben Planungsaufgaben (n=346) und Aufgaben zum visuellen Arbeitsgedachtnis (n=427) gelost. In einem Querschnittsdesign wurden Losungsprofile identifiziert und in Verbindung mit dem SES gebracht. Die Ergebnisse zeigten: (1) es gibt unterschiedliche Losungsprofile: abnehmend, gleichbleibend, oszillierend und zunehmend; (2) die Gesamtpunktzahl fur die Aufgaben unterschied sich signifikant zwischen den Losungsprofilen; (3) die Leistung unterschied sich zwischen den SES-Gruppen in Abhangigkeit der Losungsprofile. Diese Ergebnisse unterstreichen die Wichtigkeit der Betrachtung individueller Unterschiede in der Bearbeitung von Aufgaben, die Selbstregulation erfassen. Das ist bedeutsam, um zu verstehen, wie Kinder diese Aufgaben losen und wie sich ihr Verhalten in Abhangigkeit des SES unterscheidet. Schlagworter: Selbstregulation, Losungsprofile, Soziookonomische Bedingungen, Kindergartenkinder ----- Bibliographie: Fracchia, Carolina Soledad/Giovannetti, Federico/Gili, Juan/Lopez-Rosenfeld, Matias/Hermida, Maria Julia/Prats, Lucia Maria/Segretin, Maria Soledad/Lipina, Sebastian Javier: Individuality and Self-regulation in Preschoolers, Diskurs Kindheits- und Jugendforschung, 4-2016, S. 457-471. https://doi.org/10.3224/diskurs.v11i4.25604

For at least eight decades, researchers have analyzed the association between childhood poverty and cognitive development in different societies worldwide, but few of such studies have been carried out in Latin America. The aim of the present paper is to systematically review the empirical studies that have analyzed the associations between poverty and cognitive development in children under 18 years of age from Latin American and Caribbean countries between 2000 and 2015. This analysis takes into consideration the country where the work was conducted, the experimental and analytical design, sample size and composition, cognitive and poverty paradigms implemented, levels of analysis, and the inclusion of mediation analyses. Through these, we identify common patterns in the negative impact of poverty that have been repeatedly verified in the literature in other continents; we also call attention to a set of issues regarding sample, design, paradigms, impact, and mediation analyses that should be considered in future studies in the region.

The current study presents a 32-week intervention for kindergarten children from low socio-economic backgrounds. The main contribution of this study resides in the interdisciplinary development of the intervention, made in close collaboration between educational researchers, and researchers in cognitive neuroscience and developmental psychology. The intervention was implemented by teachers through class activities, to promote executive functions and academic achievement. These activities were articulated into the current kindergarten curriculum and, at the same time, built upon concepts and methodologies of developmental psychology and cognitive neuroscience for executive functions training. Results showed: (1) non-significant differences between groups in cognitive performance from pre- to post-training assessment, and (2) significant differences in academic achievement for Language, Mathematics, Autonomy, and Contact with peers in first grade. Our study sets a precedent for future interdisciplinary work bridging the gap between developmental psychology and education, which we believe will prove key to improving academic success. Fil: Hermida, Maria Julia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. CEMIC-CONICET. Centro de Educaciones Médicas e Investigaciones Clínicas "Norberto Quirno". CEMIC-CONICET.; Argentina Fil: Segretin, María Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. CEMIC-CONICET. Centro de Educaciones Médicas e Investigaciones Clínicas "Norberto Quirno". CEMIC-CONICET.; Argentina Fil: Prats, Lucía María. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. CEMIC-CONICET. Centro de Educaciones Médicas e Investigaciones Clínicas "Norberto Quirno". CEMIC-CONICET.; Argentina Fil: Fracchia, Carolina Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. CEMIC-CONICET. Centro de Educaciones Médicas e Investigaciones Clínicas "Norberto Quirno". CEMIC-CONICET.; Argentina Fil: Colombo, Jorge Augusto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. CEMIC-CONICET. Centro de Educaciones Médicas e Investigaciones Clínicas "Norberto Quirno". CEMIC-CONICET.; Argentina Fil: Lipina, Sebastián Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. CEMIC-CONICET. Centro de Educaciones Médicas e Investigaciones Clínicas "Norberto Quirno". CEMIC-CONICET.; Argentina

Tests of attentional control, working memory, and planning were administered to compare the non-verbal executive control performance of healthy children from different socioeconomic backgrounds. In addition, mediations of several sociodemographic variables, identified in the literature as part of the experience of child poverty, between socioeconomic status and cognitive performance were assessed. Results show: (1) significant differences in performance between groups in most dependent variables analyzed ? however, not in all variables associated with attentional control domains; (2) significant indirect effects of literacy activities on working memory and fluid processing domains, as well as computer resources effects on fluid processing; and (3) marginal indirect effects of computer resources on attentional control and working memory domains. These findings extend analysis of the impact of poverty on the development of executive control, through information based on the assessment of combined neurocognitive paradigms and the identification of specific environmental mediators. Fil: Lipina, Sebastián Javier. Centro de Educaciones Médicas E Investig.clinica "norberto Quirno"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Segretin, María Soledad. Centro de Educaciones Médicas E Investig.clinica "norberto Quirno"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Hermida, Maria Julia. Centro de Educaciones Médicas E Investig.clinica "norberto Quirno"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Prats, Lucía María. Centro de Educaciones Médicas E Investig.clinica "norberto Quirno"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Fracchia, Carolina Soledad. Centro de Educaciones Médicas E Investig.clinica "norberto Quirno"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Lopez Camelo, Jorge Santiago. Centro de Educaciones Médicas E Investig.clinica "norberto Quirno"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Colombo, Jorge Augusto. Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas “Norberto Quirno”; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina