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Newtown Creek is a tributary of the Hudson River Estuary. It has a legacy of both industrial pollution and sewage pollution and has been designated a Superfund site. To ameliorate the chronically low levels of dissolved oxygen detected in the Creek, the New York City Department of Environmental Protection has been installing aerators. The abundance of various bacteria in the aerosols, foams, and water, at two sites in the Creek, was studied before, during, and after the aeration process. Additionally, aerosols and dispersed foams created by the aeration process were sampled and cultured to determine what unique taxa of bacteria could be grown and identified. Taxa including Actinobacteria and Firmicutes were prevalent in cultures taken from aerosols, whereas Gammaproteobacteria were prevalent in cultures taken from foam. Campylobacteria was found to have a significant presence in both samples taken after the aerators were turned off. These taxa include potentially pathogenic bacteria and are therefore of particular concern., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare [ 18 F]FDG and [ 68 Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT image findings in patients with multiple myeloma (MM)., Methods: Twenty consecutive patients with symptomatic biopsy-proven MM were submitted to whole body [ 18 F]FDG and [ 68 Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT with a time interval of 1-8 days between procedures. All lesions were counted and had their maximum SUV (SUVmax) measured. Intra-class correlation (ICC) was used to assess the agreement between [ 18 F]FDG and [ 68 Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT findings., Results: A total of 266 lesions were detected in 19/20 patients. [ 18 F]FDG detected 223/266 (84%) lesions in 17 patients and [ 68 Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 190/266 (71%) lesions in 19 patients. Both procedures did not identify any active lesion in 1 patient. Forty-three (16%) lesions were detected only by [ 68 Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 and 76 (29%) only by [ 18 F]FDG. Both tracers identified 147 (55%) lesions. Intralesional mismatch of FDG-PSMA uptake was identified in 25 of these 147 lesions, found in 8 different patients. Different lesions with uptake of only [ 18 F]FDG or [ 68 Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 in the same patient were found in 4 patients. The highest SUVmax of [ 18 F]FDG and [ 68 Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 had a median (min-max) SUVmax of 6.5 (2.0-37.8) and 5.5 (1.7-51.3), respectively. [ 18 F]FDG and [ 68 Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 respectively identified 18 and 19 soft tissue lesions. False-positive [ 18 F]FDG findings had minimal or no uptake of [ 68 Ga]Ga-PSMA-11. Good reliability (ICC ≥ 0.75) was found for number of lesions, number of soft tissue lesions and highest SUVmax in each patient., Conclusion: [ 18 F]FDG or [ 68 Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 alone can detect most MM lesions. Almost half of the lesions take up only one of the tracers, reflecting increased glycolysis or angiogenesis in specific lesions, and suggesting their possible complementary role in MM. The marked [ 68 Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 uptake in some cases raises the possibility of a theranostic approach in selected patients., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Background: Gender can influence post-infarction cardiac remodeling., Objective: To evaluate whether gender influences left ventricular (LV) remodeling and integrin-linked kinase (ILK) after myocardial infarction (MI)., Methods: Female and male Wistar rats were assigned to one of three groups: sham, moderate MI (size: 20-39% of LV area), and large MI (size: ≥40% of LV area). MI was induced by coronary occlusion, and echocardiographic analysis was performed after six weeks to evaluate MI size as well as LV morphology and function. Real-time RT-PCR and Western blot were used to quantify ILK in the myocardium., Results: MI size was similar between genders. MI resulted in systolic dysfunction and enlargement of end-diastolic as well as end-systolic dimension of LV as a function of necrotic area size in both genders. Female rats with large MI showed a lower diastolic and systolic dilatation than the respective male rats; however, LV dysfunction was similar between genders. Gene and protein levels of ILK were increased in female rats with moderate and large infarctions, but only male rats with large infarctions showed an altered ILK mRNA level. A negative linear correlation was evident between LV dimensions and ILK expression in female rats with large MI., Conclusions: Post-MI ILK expression is altered in a gender-specific manner, and higher ILK levels found in females may be sufficient to improve LV geometry but not LV function.

The present study investigated the effects of a 6-week swimming training on blood pressure, nitric oxide (NO) levels and oxidative stress parameters such as protein and lipid oxidation, antioxidant enzyme activity and endogenous non-enzymatic antioxidant content in kidney and circulating fluids, as well as on serum biochemical parameters (cholesterol, triglycerides, urea and creatinine) from Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME)-induced hypertension treated rats. Animals were divided into four groups (n = 10): Control, Exercise, L-NAME and Exercise L-NAME. Results showed that exercise prevented a decrease in NO levels in hypertensive rats (P < 0·05). An increase in protein and lipid oxidation observed in the L-NAME-treated group was reverted by physical training in serum from the Exercise L-NAME group (P < 0·05). A decrease in the catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in the L-NAME group was observed when compared with normotensive groups (P < 0·05). In kidney, exercise significantly augmented the CAT and SOD activities in the Exercise L-NAME group when compared with the L-NAME group (P < 0·05). There was a decrease in the non-protein thiols (NPSH) levels in the L-NAME-treated group when compared with the normotensive groups (P < 0·05). In the Exercise L-NAME group, there was an increase in NPSH levels when compared with the L-NAME group (P < 0·05). The elevation in serum cholesterol, triglycerides, urea and creatinine levels observed in the L-NAME group were reverted to levels close to normal by exercise in the Exercise L-NAME group (P < 0·05). Exercise training had hypotensive effect, reducing blood pressure in the Exercise L-NAME group (P < 0·05). These findings suggest that physical training could have a protector effect against oxidative damage and renal injury caused by hypertension., (Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)

Background/aim: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasing major public health problem worldwide. The sympathetic nervous system and nitric oxide play an important role in the pathogenesis of CKD. Traditional Chinese medicine has accumulated thousands of years of therapeutic experiences. Electroacupuncture (EA) and moxibustion (MO) are two such therapeutic strategies. The aim of this study was to investigate the renal and hemodynamic effects of EA-MO in an experimental model of a CKD., Methods: Male Wistar rats submitted to 5/6th nephrectomy (5/6 NX) were studied for 8 weeks. There were four groups: (1) control, normal rats; (2) NX, 5/6 NX only; (3) NX-AS, 5/6 NX and EA-MO session using sham points, and (4) NX-AM, 5/6 NX and EA-MO session using real acupoints. Biochemical and blood pressure studies, renal sympathetic nerve activity measurements, nitric oxide levels and the histopathological indices were assessed., Results: The EA- and MO-treated group presented significant improvement in all measured functional and histopathological parameters., Conclusion: These findings suggest that EA-MO had beneficial effects on CKD. This effect was probably achieved by the modulation of the renal sympathetic nerve activity and nitric oxide levels, leading to decreased blood pressure, which is associated with less proteinuria., (Copyright © 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel.)

Background/aim: Chronic kidney disease is a worldwide public health problem and the prevention of its progression is still a major challenge in nephrology. Specific therapies that inhibit or attenuate this process are neither available nor satisfactory. Traditional Chinese medicine has been increasingly recognized as an effective therapeutic approach in several fields of medicine. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) and moxibustion (MO) in an experimental model of progressive renal disease in rats., Methods: Twenty-one male Wistar rats were submitted to 5/6th nephrectomy (NX) and assessed 8 weeks later and were divided into three groups: NX = only 5/6 NX, NX-AS = 5/6 NX and a 20-min EA-MO session in sham points, and NX-AM = 5/6 NX and a 20-min EA-MO session in three real acupuncture points. The treatment consisted of 16 sessions twice a week. Renal function, urine volume, serum creatinine, 24-hour proteinuria, direct and indirect blood pressure, glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis indices were assessed., Results: The NX-AM group showed a significant decrease in all investigated parameters when compared to the control groups., Conclusion: Our results suggest that EA and MO attenuated the progression of renal disease in the experimental model of 5/6 NX., (Copyright 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel.)