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A three dimensional tissue-engineered human oral mucosal model (3D OMM) used in the investigation of implantsoft tissue interface was recently reported. The aim of this study was to examine the ultrastructural features of soft tissue attachment to various titanium (Ti) implant surfaces based on the 3D OMM. Two techniques, that is, focus ion beam (FIB) and electropolishing techniques were used to prepare specimens for transmission electron microscopic (TEM) analysis of the interface. The 3D OM consisting of both epithelial and connective tissue layers was constructed by co-culturing human oral keratinocytes and fibroblasts onto an acellular dermis scaffold. Four types of Ti surface topographies were tested: polished, machined (turned), sandblasted, and TiUnite. The specimens were then processed for TEM examination using FIB (Ti remained) and electropolishing (Ti removed) techniques. The FIB sections showed some artifact and lack of details of ultrastructural features. In contrast, the ultrathin sections prepared from the electropolishing technique showed a residual Ti oxide layer, which preserved the details for intact ultrastructural interface analysis. There was evidence of hemidesmosome-like structures at the interface on the four types of Ti surfaces, which suggests that the tissue-engineered oral mucosa formed epithelial attachments on the Ti surfaces. This record was migrated from the OpenDepot repository service in June, 2017 before shutting down.

The cross-sectional canal morphology and minimum widths of buccal and lingual canal walls were studied in 20 mandibular molars with C-shaped roots and canal orifices. The roots were mounted in clear resin blocks and sectioned transversely at 1-mm intervals. A total of 154 cross-sections were evaluated with an image analyzer. Twelve different longitudinal canal configurations were identified. The most prevalent were types 1-2 and 1-2-1 with each type occurring in four roots. Evaluation of the cross-sectional morphology showed that the configurations were complete "C" (27), incomplete C (64), and non-C (9). The mean value for the minimum width of the lingual canal wall was 0.58 ± 0.21 mm and the buccal wall was 0.96 ± 0.26 mm. This suggests that there is a higher risk of root perforation at the thinner lingual walls of C-shaped canals during shaping and post canal preparation procedures. Both buccal and lingual canal walls were frequently narrower at mesial locations. This record was migrated from the OpenDepot repository service in June, 2017 before shutting down.

The success of dental implant treatment depends on the healing of both hard and soft tissues. While osseointegration provides initial success, the biological seal of the peri-implant soft tissue is crucial for maintaining the long term success of implants. Most studies of the biological seal of peri-implant tissues are based on animal or monolayer cell culture models. To understand the mechanisms of soft tissue attachment and the factors affecting the integrity of the soft tissue around the implants, it is essential to obtain good quality histological sections for microscopic examination. The nature of the specimens, however, which consist of both metal implant and soft peri-implant tissues, poses difficulties in preparing the specimens for histomorphometric analysis of the implant-soft tissue interface. We review various methods that have been used for the implant-tissue interface investigation with particular focus on the soft tissue. The different methods are classified and the advantages and limitations of the different techniques are highlighted. This record was migrated from the OpenDepot repository service in June, 2017 before shutting down.

Head and neck cancer is becoming a more recognizable pathology to the general population and dentists. The modes of treatment include surgery and/or radiation therapy. Pretreatment dental assessment should be provided for these patients before they undergo radiation therapy. There are occasions, however, whereby head and neck cancer patients are not prepared optimally and, as a result, they succumb to complicated oral adverse effects after radiation therapy. Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) is a severe debilitating condition that impairs healing due to reduction in vascularity and osteocyte population in the affected bone. This article reviews methods of treatment used to treat ORN such as antibiotics, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, therapeutic ultrasound, surgery, and other modalities. © 2006 Elsevier. All rights reserved. This record was migrated from the OpenDepot repository service in June, 2017 before shutting down., {"references":["Regaud, C., Sur la necrose des os attients par un processus cancereux et traiters par les radiations (1922) Compt Rend Soc de Biol, 87, p. 629; Morrish, R.B., Osteoradionecrosis in patients irradiated for head and neck carcinoma (1981) Cancer, 47, pp. 1980-1983; Marx, R.E., A new concept in the treatment of osteoradionecrosis (1983) J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 41, pp. 351-357; Hutchinson, I.L., Complications of radiotherapy in the head and neck: An orofacial surgeon's view (1996) Current Radiation Oncology, pp. 144-177. , Tobias JS, Thomas PRM, eds, London: Arnold; Vudiniabola, S., Pirone, C., Williamson, Goss, A.N., Hyperbaric oxygen in the prevention of osteoradionecrosis of the jaws (1999) Aust Dent J, 44, pp. 243-247; Joyston-Bechal, S., Management of oral complications following radiotherapy (1992) Dent Update, 19, pp. 232-238; Marx, R.E., Osteoradionecrosis: A new concept of its pathophysiology (1983) J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 41, pp. 283-288; Kanatas, A.N., Rogers, S.N., Martin, M.V., A practical guide for patients undergoing exodontia following radiotherapy to the oral cavity (2002) Dent Update, 29, pp. 498-503; Rothwell, B.R., Prevention and treatment of orofacial complications of radiotherapy (1987) J Am Dent Assoc, 114, pp. 316-332; Devlin, H., Barker, G.R., Prosthetic and surgical care of the elderly radiotherapy patient: The GDP's role (1988) Dent Update, 15, pp. 168-169; Carl, W., Ikner, C., Dental extractions after radiation therapy in the head and neck area and hard tissue replacement (HTR) therapy: A preliminary study (1998) J Prosthet Dent, 79, pp. 317-322; Haber-Cohen, A., Debuski, S., Management of oral and maxillofacial surgery procedures in irradiated patients (1990) Dent Clin North Am, 34, pp. 71-77; Kanatas, A.N., Rogers, S.N., Martin, M.V., A survey of antibiotic prescribing by maxillofacial consultants for dental extractions following radiotherapy to the oral cavity (2002) Br Dent J, 192, pp. 157-160; Marx, R.E., Johnson, R.P., Kline, S.N., Prevention of osteoradionecrosis: A randomised prospective clinical trial of hyper-baric oxygen versus penicillin (1985) J Am Dent Assoc, 111, pp. 49-54; Mealey, B.L., Semba, S.E., Hallmon, W.W., The head and neck radiotherapy patient: Part 2. Management of oral complications (1994) Campend Contin Educ Dent, 15, pp. 442-456; Harris, M., The conservative management of osteoradionecrosis of the mandible with ultrasound therapy (1992) Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 30, pp. 313-318; Young, S.R., Dyson, M., The effect of therapeutic ultrasound on angiogenesis (1990) Ultrasound Med Biol, 16, pp. 261-269; Dyson, M., Franks, C., Suckling, J., Stimulation of healing of varicose ulcers by ultrasound (1976) Ultrasonics, 14, pp. 232-236; Heckman, J.D., Ryaby, J.P., McCabe, J., Frey, J.J., Kilcoyne, R.F., Acceleration of tibial fracture-healing by non-invasive, low intensity pulsed ultrasound (1994) J Bone Joint Surg Am, 76, pp. 26-34; Pilla, A.A., Mont, M.A., Nasser, P.R., Non-invasive low intensity pulse ultrasound accelerates bone healing in rabbit (1990) J Orthop Trauma, 4, pp. 246-253; Tsai, C.L., Chang, W.H., Liu, T.K., Preliminary studies of duration of intensity of ultrasonic treatments on fracture repair (1992) Chin J Physiol, 35, pp. 21-26; Wang, S.J., Lewallen, D.G., Bolander, M.E., Chao, E.Y., Ilstrup, D.M., Greenleaf, J.F., Low intensity ultrasound treatment increases strength in a rat femoral fracture model (1994) J Orthop Res, 12, pp. 40-47; Harvey, W., Dyson, M., Pond, J.B., Grahame, R., The stimulation of protein synthesis in human fibroblasts by therapeutic ultrasound (1975) Rheumatol Rehabil, 14, p. 237; Reher, P., Harris, M., Ultrasound for the treatment of osteoradionecrosis (1997) J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 55, pp. 1193-1194; Doan, N., Reher, P., Meghji, S., Harris, M., In vitro effects of therapeutic ultrasound on cell proliferation, protein synthesis, and cytokine production by human fibroblasts, osteoblasts, and monocytes (1999) J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 57, pp. 409-419; Marx, R.E., Mandibular reconstruction (1993) J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 51, pp. 466-479; Barak, S., Rosenblum, I., Czerniak, P., Treatment of osteoradionecrosis combined with pathologic fracture and osteomyelitis of the mandible with electromagnetic stimulation (1988) Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 17, pp. 253-256; Eppley, B.L., Connolly, D.T., Winkelmann, T., Sadove, A.M., Heuvelman, D., Feder, J., Free bone graft reconstruction of irradiated facial tissue: Experimental effects of basic fibroblast growth factor stimulation (1991) Reconstr Surg, 88, pp. 1-11; Archibald, D., Shklar, G., The effect of calcitonin on experimental osteoradionecrosis in mice (1985) J Oral Med, 40, pp. 7-12; King, G.E., Scheetz, J., Jacob, R., Martin, J.W., Electrotherapy and hyperbaric oxygen: Promising treatments for postradiation complications (1989) J Prosthet Dent, 62, pp. 331-334"]}

Head and neck cancer is becoming a more recognizable pathology to the general population and dentists. The modes of treatment include surgery and/or radiation therapy. Where possible, pretreatment dental assessment shall be provided for these patients before they receive radiation therapy. There are occasions, however, whereby head and neck cancer patients are not prepared optimally for radiation therapy. Because of this, they succumb to complicated oral adverse effects after radiation therapy. Part I of this series reviews the management of xerostomia. The management of the effect of xerostomia to the dentition/oral cavity is discussed in Part II. © 2006 Elsevier. All rights reserved. This record was migrated from the OpenDepot repository service in June, 2017 before shutting down., {"references":["Shannon, I.L., Trodahl, J.N., Starcke, E.N., Radiosensitivity of the human parotid gland (1978) Proc Soc Exp Biol Med, 157, p. 50; Joyston-Bechal, S., Management of oral complications following radiotherapy (1992) Dent Update, 19, pp. 232-234,236-238; Epstein, J.B., Emerton, S., Lunn, R., Le, N., Wong, F.L.W., Pretreatment assessment and dental management of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (1999) Oral Oncol, 35, pp. 33-39; Guchelaar, H.J., Vermes, A., Meerwaldt, J.H., Radiation-induced xerostomia. Pathophysiology, clinical course and supportive treatment (1997) Support Care Cancer, 5, pp. 281-288; Zain, R.B., Razak, I.A., Thong, Y.L., Complications in patients receiving radiation therapy in and around the oral cavity (1989) Dent J Malaysia, 11, pp. 44-48; Carl, W., Oral and dental care of patients receiving radiation therapy for tumours in and around the oral cavity (1986) Cancer and the Oral Cavity, pp. 167-183. , Carl W, Sako K, eds, Chicago: Quintessence; Frank, R.M., Herdly, J., Phillipe, E., Acquired dental defects and salivary gland lesions after irradiation for carcinoma (1965) J Am Dent Assoc, 70, pp. 868-883; Thomson, W.M., Chalmers, J.M., Spencer, A.J., Williams, S.M., The Xerostomia Inventory: A multi-item approach to measuring dry mouth (1998) Community Dent Health, 16, pp. 12-17; Thomson, W.M., Williams, S.M., Further testing of the xerostomia inventory (2000) Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 89, pp. 46-50; Niedermeier, W., Matthaeus, C., Meyer, C., Staar, S., Muller, R.P., Schulze, H.J., Radiation-induced hyposalivation and its treatment with oral pilocarpine (1998) Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 86, pp. 541-549; Mealey, B.L., Semba, S.E., Hallmon, W.W., The head and neck radiotherapy patient: Part 2 - Management of oral complications (1994) Compendium, 15, pp. 442-456; Davies, A.N., A comparison of artificial saliva and chewing gum in the management of xerostomia in patients with advanced cancer (2000) Palliat Med, 14, pp. 197-203; Toors, F.A., Chewing gum and dental health. Literature review (1992) Rev Belge Med Dent, 47, pp. 67-92; Nieuw Amerongen, A.V., Veerman, E.C., Current therapies for xerostomia and salivary gland hypofunction associated with cancer therapies (2003) Support Care Cancer, 11, pp. 226-231; Duxbury, A.J., Thakker, N.S., Wastell, D.G., A double-blind cross-over trial of a mucin-containing artificial saliva (1989) Br Dent J, 166, pp. 115-120; McClure D, Barker G, Barker B, Feil P. Oral management of the cancer patient: Part II. Oral complications of radiation therapy. Compendium 1987;8(2):88,90-2Hay, K.D., Gear, K.J., Xerostomia and you (2002) N Z Dent J, 98, pp. 46-51; Scholz-Ahrens, K.E., Schrezenmeir, J., Effects of bioactive substances in milk on mineral and trace element metabolism with special reference to casein phosphopeptides (2000) Br J Nutr, 84 (SUPPL. 1), pp. S147-S153; Reynolds, E.C., Anticariogenic complexes of amorphous calcium phosphate stabilized by casein phosphopeptides: A review (1998) Spec Care Dentist, 18, pp. 8-16; Hay, K.D., Thomson, W.M., A clinical trial of the anticaries efficacy of casein derivatives complexed with calcium phosphate in patients with salivary gland dysfunction (2002) Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 93, pp. 271-275; Wiseman, L.R., Faulds, D., Oral pilocarpine: A review of its pharmacological properties and clinical potential in xerostomia (1995) Drugs, 49, pp. 143-155; Hawthorne, M., Sullivan, K., Pilocarpine for radiation-induced xerostomia in head and neck cancer (2000) Int J Palliat Nurs, 6, pp. 228-232; Frydrych, A.M., Davies, G.R., Slack-Smith, L.M., Heywood, J., An investigation into the use of pilocarpine as a sialagogue in patients with radiation induced xerostomia (2002) Aust Dent J, 47, pp. 249-253; Oral pilocarpine: new preparation. Xerostomia after radiation therapy: moderately effective but costly. Prescrire Int 2002;11:99-101Deutsch, M., The use of pilocarpine hydrochloride to prevent xerostomia in a child treated with high dose radiotherapy for nasopharynx carcinoma (1998) Oral Oncol, 34, pp. 381-382; Davies, A.N., Singer, J., A comparison of artificial saliva and pilocarpine in radiation-induced xerostomia (1994) J Laryngol Otol, 108, pp. 663-665; Johnstone, P.A., Peng, Y.P., May, B.C., Inouye, W.S., Niemtzow, R.C., Acupuncture for pilocarpine-resistant xerostomia following radiotherapy for head and neck malignancies (2001) Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 50, pp. 353-357"]}

Unintended intravascular injection from inferior alveolar nerve blocks can result in frustrating distant complications affecting such structures as the middle ear and eyes. Possible complications affecting the eyes include blurring of vision, diplopia, mydriasis, palpebral ptosis and amaurosis ( temporary or permanent). In this article, we present a complication that has been reported only rarely. Two patients developed transient loss of power of accommodation of the eye resulting in blurred vision after routine inferior alveolar nerve blocks on the ipsilateral side. Clear vision returned within 10 - 15 minutes after completion of the blocks. The possible explanation for this phenomenon is accidental injection into the neurovascular bundle of local anesthetic agents, which were carried via the blood to the orbital region. This resulted in paralysis of a branch of cranial nerve III, the short ciliary nerves that innervate the ciliary muscle, which controls accommodation. This record was migrated from the OpenDepot repository service in June, 2017 before shutting down.

Head and neck cancer is becoming a more recognizable pathology to the general population and dentists. The modes of treatment include surgery and/or radiation therapy. Where possible, pretreatment dental assessment shall be provided for these patients before they undergo radiation therapy. There are occasions, however, whereby head and neck cancer patients are not prepared optimally for radiation therapy. Because of this, they succumb to complicated oral adverse effects after radiation therapy. The last part of this series reviews the opportunistic infections that can occur to the perioral structure. Their management is briefly discussed. © 2006 Elsevier. All rights reserved. This record was migrated from the OpenDepot repository service in June, 2017 before shutting down., {"references":["Chen, T.Y., Webster, J.H., Oral monilia study on patients with head and neck cancer during radiotherapy (1974) Cancer, 34, pp. 246-249; Epstein, J.B., Emerton, S., Lunn, R., Le, N., Wong, F.L.W., Pretreatment assessment and dental management of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (1999) Oral Oncol, 35, pp. 33-39; Zain, R.B., Razak, I.A., Thong, Y.L., Complications in patients receiving radiation therapy in and around the oral cavity (1989) Dent] Malaysia, 11, pp. 44-48; Epstein, J.B., Chin, E.A., Jacobson, J.J., Rishiraj, B., Le, N., The relationships among fluoride cariogenic oral flora and salivary flow rate during radiation therapy (1998) Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radial Endod, 86, pp. 286-292; Ramirez-Amador, V., Silverman Jr, S., Mayer, P., Tyler, M., Quivey, J., Candidial colonization and oral candidiasis in patients undergoing oral and pharyngeal radiation therapy (1997) Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radial Endod, 84, pp. 149-153; Ritchie JR, Brown Jr, Guerra LR, Mason G. Dental care for the irradiated cancer patient. Quintessence M 1985;16:837-42Mealey, B.L., Semba, S.E., Hallmon, W.W., The head and neck radiotherapy patient: Part 2. Management of oral complications (1994) Compendium, 15, pp. 442-452,446. , 444; Hancock, P.J., Epstein, J.B., Sadler, G.R., Oral and dental management related to radiation therapy for head and neck cancer (2003) J Con Dent Assoc, 69, pp. 585-590; Feber, T., Mouth care for patients receiving oral irradiation (1995) Prof Nurse, 10, pp. 666-670; Joyston-Bechal, S., Management of oral complications following radiotherapy (1992) Dent Update, 19, pp. 232-234,236-238; Rothwell, B.R., Prevention and treatment of the orofacial complications of radiotherapy (1987) J Am Dent Assoc, 114, pp. 316-322; Simon, A.R., Roberts, M.W., Management of oral complications associated with cancer therapy in pediatric patients (1991) ASDC J Dent Child, 58, pp. 384-389; Naylor, G.D., Terezhalmy, G.T., Oral complications of cancer chemotherapy: Prevention and management (1988) Spec Care Dentist, 8, pp. 150-156; Scully, C., Cawson, R.A., (1993) Colour guide Oral Medicine, 1-2, pp. 11-12,29-30. , Edinburgh, Churchill Livingstone; Carl, W., Local radiation and systemic chemotherapy: Preventing and managing the oral complications (1993) J Am Dent Assoc, 124, pp. 119-123; Epstein, J.B., Sherlock, C.H., Wolber, R.A., Oral manifestations of cytomegalovirus infection (1993) Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol, 75, pp. 443-451"]}

Sir,— I read with interest the article by M. P. Ashley 'It's only teething. A report of the myths and modern approaches to teething.' (British Dental Journal2001; 191: 4?8). As a dentist with a nine month-old daughter, this topic is definitely of my concern. I would also like to share with you one of the myths that my baby sitter told me when my daughter's lower incisors were erupting at the age of eight months. She said that my daughter's stool would not only be watery but also presented with a mixture that was granular-like in appearance. Indeed her stool was in this appearance for a few weeks before her first teeth erupted. Until now, nobody can explain this phenomena and I wonder whether it is related to some gastrointestinal infection, as during teething they might have ingested some contaminated material when biting on different surfaces of objects. However, this feature was not seen after her teeth had erupted although she is still actively biting on different objects. This record was migrated from the OpenDepot repository service in June, 2017 before shutting down.

Hypodontia is the congenital absence of one or more teeth because of agenesis. The most commonly missing teeth are the third molars, the maxillary lateral incisors and the second premolars. Cases are presented of three patients with a missing mandibular incisor. This record was migrated from the OpenDepot repository service in June, 2017 before shutting down.

This paper reviews the oral and dental lesions that are seen during pregnancy. Trimester approach should be adopted in the management of the pregnant patients. A good dental preventive programme is essential. The significance of prescribing fluoride supplements and the use of dental radiography during pregnancy is also briefly reviewed. This record was migrated from the OpenDepot repository service in June, 2017 before shutting down.

A retrospective study of odontogenic keratocysts in the Malaysia-Singapore region was done. The purpose of this study is to present the clinicopathological features of odontogenic keratocysts in the Oriental population and to compare the data with those from other reported studies. Biopsy records from 1981 to 1992 of 61 cases of odontogenic keratocysts in Malaysia and Singapore showed that there were 42.6% female and 57.4% male patients. The cysts occurred in 75.4% Chinese, 6.6% Malays, 9.8% Indian, and 8.2% other ethnic groups. The mean age of these patients was 26.98 ± 15.38 years with peak incidence in the second to fourth decades. The location of the lesion was more often in the mandible (65.5%) than the maxilla (31.0%). There is marked predilection for the posterior mandible. Odontogenic keratocysts presenting at the site of dentigerous a cyst was observed in 7 cases (11.5%). Histologically, 90.2% of the cyst were lined by parakeratinised stratified squamous epithelium while only 3.3% of the cyst with orthokeratinised stratified squamous epithelium. Mixed parakeratinised and orthokeratinised epithelial lining was observed in 4 cases (6.5%). Inflammation of cyst wall was found in 42 cases (68.8%). Stellate-like inflamed lining epithelium was observed in 9.8% of the cases while 6.6% of the cases demonstrated Rushton bodies in the epithelial lining. Keratin in the lumen was observed in 19.7% of the cases. Satellite cyst was observed in only 6 cases (9.8%). In conclusion, most clinical and histological features seen in this study similar to that for the Caucasian. The only clinical feature that differs is the peak incidence which ranged from the second to fourth decades with an absence of the second peak for our study. This record was migrated from the OpenDepot repository service in June, 2017 before shutting down.

Head and neck cancer is becoming a more recognizable pathology to the general population and dentists. The modes of treatment include surgery and/or radiation therapy. Where possible, pretreatment dental assessment shall be provided for these patients before they undergo radiation therapy. There are occasions, however, whereby head and neck cancer patients are not prepared optimally for radiation therapy. Because of this, they succumb to complicated oral adverse effects after radiation therapy. The second last part of this series reviews and discusses the management of complication that commonly occur to the oral mucosa, i.e. mucositis. © 2006 Elsevier. All rights reserved. This record was migrated from the OpenDepot repository service in June, 2017 before shutting down., {"references":["Joyston-Bechal, S., Management of oral complications following radiotherapy (1992) Dent Update, 19, pp. 232-234,236-238; Blozis, G.G., Robinson, J.E., Oral tissue changes caused by radiation therapy and their management (1968) Dent Clin North Am, pp. 643-656. , Nov; Symonds RP Treatment-induced mucositis: an old problem with new remedies. Br J Cancer 1998;77:1689-95Mealey, B.L., Semba, S.E., Hallmon, W.W., The head and neck radiotherapy patient: Part 2 - Management of oral complications (1994) Compendium, 15, pp. 442-452,446. , 444; Hancock, P.J., Epstein, J.B., Sadler, G.R., Oral and dental management related to radiation therapy for head and neck cancer (2003) J Can Dent Assoc, 69, pp. 585-590; Carl, W., Local radiation and systemic chemotherapy: Preventing and managing the oral complications (1993) J Am Dent Assoc, 124, pp. 119-123; Makkonen, T.A., Bostrom, P., Vilja, P., Joensuu, H., Sucralfate mouth washing in the prevention of radiation-induced mucositis: A placebo-controlled double-blind randomized study (1994) Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 30, pp. 177-182; Allison, R.R., Vongtama, V., Vaughan, J., Shin, K.H., Symptomatic acute mucositis can be minimized or prophylaxed by the combination of sucralfate and fluconazole (1995) Cancer Invest, 13, pp. 16-22; Franzen, L., Henriksson, R., Littbrand, B., Zackrisson, B., Effects of sucralfate on mucositis during and following radiotherapy of malignancies in the head and neck region. 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Head and neck cancer is becoming a more recognizable pathology to the general population and dentists. The modes of treatment include surgery and/or radiation therapy. Pretreatment dental assessment should be provided for these patients before they undergo radiation therapy. There are occasions, however, whereby head and neck cancer patients are not prepared optimally and, as a result, they succumb to complicated oral adverse effects after radiation therapy. The management of radiation-induced caries, a sequelae of xerostomia has been reviewed in Part II of this series. In this article, the management of difficulty with dentures, another sequelae of xerostomia following radiation therapy is reviewed. © 2006 Elsevier. All rights reserved. This record was migrated from the OpenDepot repository service in June, 2017 before shutting down., {"references":["Epstein, J.B., Emerton, S., Lunn, R., Le, N., Wong, F.L.W., Pretreatment assessment and dental management of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (1999) Oral Oncol, 35, pp. 33-39; Morton, M., Osteoradionecrosis: A study of the incidence in the North West of England (1986) Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 24, pp. 323-331; Beumer III, J., Curtis, T.A., Morrish, R.B., Radiation complications in edentulous patients (1976) J Prosthet Dent, 36, pp. 193-203; Riley, C., Maxillofacial prosthetic rehabilitation of post operative cancer patients (1968) J Prosthet Dent, 20, pp. 353-360; Rahn, A.O., Matalon, V., Drane, J.B., Prosthetic evaluation of patients who have received irradiation to the head and neck region (1968) J Prosthet Dent, 19, pp. 174-178; Krajicek, D.D., Oral radiation in prosthodontics (1969) J Am Dent Assoc, 78, pp. 320-322; Eposito, S.J., Matheis, M.J., Sequelae and dental management of the head and neck radiation patient (1987) Ohio Dent J, 61, pp. 17-19,21-24; Carl, W., Ikner, C., Dental extractions after radiation therapy in the head and neck area and hard tissue replacement (HTR) therapy: A preliminary study (1998) J Prosthet Dent, 79, pp. 317-322; Devlin, H., Barker, G.R., Prosthetic and surgical care of the elderly radiotherapy patient: The GDP's role (1988) Dent Update, 15, pp. 166-169; Coleman, A.J., A technique for shielding electron beams used in radiotherapeutic management of the head and neck cancer (1996) J Prosthodont, 5, pp. 129-132; Hollows, P., Hayter, J.P., Vasanthan, S., The Leicester radiotherapy bite block: An aid to head and neck radiotherapy (2001) Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 39, pp. 49-51; Poole, T.S., Flaxman, N.A., Use of protective prostheses during radiation therapy (1986) J Am Dent Assoc, 112, pp. 485-488; Taniguchi, H., Radiotherapy prostheses (2000) J Med Dent Sci, 47, pp. 12-26; Meraw, S.J., Reeve, C.M., Dental considerations and treatment of the oncology patient receiving radiation therapy (1998) J Am Dent Assoc, 129, pp. 201-205; Weischer, T., Schettler, D., Mohr, C., Concept of surgical and implant-supported prostheses in the rehabilitation of patients with oral cancer (1996) Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants, 11, pp. 775-781; Visch, L.L., van Waas, M.A., Schmitz, P.I., Levendag, P.C., A clinical evaluation of implants in irradiated oral cancer patients (2002) J Dent Res, 81, pp. 856-859; Jisander, S., Grenthe, B., Albertus, P., Dental implant survival in the irradiated jaw: A preliminary report (1997) Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants, 12, pp. 643-648; Granstrom, G., The use of hyperbaric oxygen to prevent implant loss in the irradiated patient (1992) Advanced Osseointegration Surgery: Applications to the Maxillofacial Region, pp. 336-345. , Worthington P, Branemark PI, eds, Chicago: Quintessence; Franzen, L., Rosenquist, J.B., Rosenquist, K.I., Gustafsson, I., Oral implant rehabilitation of patients with oral malignancies treated with radiotherapy and surgery without adjunctive hyperbaric oxygen (1995) Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants, 10, pp. 183-187; Kovacs, A.F., Clinical analysis of implant losses in oral tumour and defect patients (2000) Clin Oral Implants Res, 11, pp. 494-504; McGhee, M.A., Stern, S.J., Callan, D., Shewmake, K., Smith, T., Osseointegrated implants in the head and neck cancer patient (1997) Head Neck, 19, pp. 659-665; Granstrom, G., Tjellstrom, A., Albrektsson, T., Postimplantation irradiation for head and neck cancer treatment (1993) Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants, 8, pp. 495-501; Wagner, W., Esser, E., Ostkamp, K., Osseointegration of dental implants in patients with and without radiotherapy (1998) Acta Oncol, 37, pp. 693-696; Taylor, T.D., Worthington, P., Osseointegrated implant rehabilitation of the previously irradiated mandible: Results of a limited trial at 3 to 7 years (1993) J Prosthet Dent, 69, pp. 60-69"]}