108 results on '"Che-Min Lin"'
Search Results
2. Peak ground acceleration estimation using P-wave parameters and horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios
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Ting-Yu Hsu, Rih-Teng Wu, Chia-Wei Liang, Chun-Hsiang Kuo, and Che-Min Lin
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Geology ,QE1-996.5 ,Geophysics. Cosmic physics ,QC801-809 - Abstract
Peak ground acceleration (PGA) can be used to estimate the seismic intensity. However, using P-wave features to estimate PGA is a challenging task. One of the reasons for that is that a seismic wave commonly undergoes modification due to various site effects, consequently leading to uncertainty in the predicted PGA. In order to accommodate site effects using site parameters together with P-wave parameters, this paper takes advantage of machine learning to consider multiple parameters simultaneously. Several artificial neural network (ANN) models considering different site effect parameters are constructed. The performances of these ANN models were investigated and compared. In total, 53531 ground motion data obtained from the Taiwan Strong Motion Instrumentation Program were utilized to develop the proposed approach. It was found that the proposed ANN model with horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio parameters effectively reduces the error of the estimated PGA when compared with either the ANN model without site parameters or the ANN model with other site parameters.
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- 2020
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3. Ethnic disparity in prevalence and associated risk factors of myopia in adolescents
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Shang-Yi Chiang, Tzu-Heng Weng, Che-Min Lin, and Shih-Min Lin
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Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Background/Purpose: To examine ethnic disparity in prevalence and associated factors of myopia in adolescents using the Unites States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) dataset. Methods: Participants who were aged 12–19 years were included from NHANES (1999–2008). Logistic regression analyses were applied to identify risk factors associated with myopia after stratification by race. Results: A total of 9,960 participants were included in the prevalence analysis, and 6,571 in the risk factor analysis. Other race (excluded Mexican American, other Hispanic, non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black) participants had the highest frequency of myopia (42.77%). Multivariate analyses of the whole population suggested that the odds of myopia were significantly lower in participants with household smokers (odds ratio [OR] = 0.79, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.66–0.97), and significantly greater in Mexican American race (OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.01–1.62), other Hispanic (OR = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.10–2.92) and in participants with senior high school graduate education (OR = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.01–3.18), watched 2 hours of television daily (OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.02–1.59), used the computer for 1 hour daily (OR = 1.276, 95% CI: 1.02–1.57). When examined by race/ethnicity, 1 hour of computer use increased the odds of myopia in the non-Hispanic White group, in Mexican Americans a higher family poverty income ratio and 2 hours of television time was associated with myopia, and in the Other Hispanic group, a higher family poverty income ratio was associated with myopia, while males and those with a higher sugar had a lower risk of myopia. Conclusion: Risk factors for myopia vary with race/ethnicity. Keywords: Adolescent, Myopia, Racial disparity, Risk factor, NHANES
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- 2020
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4. Co-seismic geomagnetic fluctuations and atmospheric disturbances during the 2018 M 6.2 Hualien Earthquake
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Chun-Rong Chen, Jann-Yenq Liu, Chieh-Hung Chen, Tsung-Yu Wu, Horng-Yuan Yen, Strong Wen, Bor-Shouh Huang, Cheng-Horng Lin, Che-Min Lin, and Hung-Hao Hsieh
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Geology ,QE1-996.5 ,Geophysics. Cosmic physics ,QC801-809 - Abstract
The strong ground motion of 6 February 2018 M 6.2 Hualien Earthquake triggered a series of co-seismic geomagnetic fluctuations and seismo-traveling atmospheric disturbances (STADs) signatures in infrasonic waves and micro-pressures upon the seismic wave arrival. Networks of 9 QuakeFinder systems, 3 infrasound systems, 2 tiltmeters, 2 micro-barometers, and 11 co-located seismometers are used in this study. Each QuakeFinder system consists of a 3-axes induction magnetometer, an air conductivity sensor, a geophone, and temperature/relative humidity sensors. Co-seismic signatures clearly appear in the induction magnetometers, infrasound systems, and micro-barometers data. The magnetometers register both high- and lowfrequency pulsations. Geomagnetic fluctuations occur upon the seismic wave arrival but last a longer duration, while the STADs lag their co-located seismic waves by about 15 - 45 s. The long-lasting fluctuations recorded by both induction and fluxgate magnetometers suggest that the ground/underground water motion play an important role, which is further conformed by low-frequency fluctuations in the tiltmeter data. In general, the amplitude of geomagnetic fluctuations decays as away from the epicenter. However, unusual large co-seismic geomagnetic fluctuations are detected over areas of the abnormal seismic intensity level and/or the magnetic underground structure with anomalously high susceptibilities.
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- 2019
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5. Characteristics of Optic Disc and Visual Field Changes in Patients with Thyroid-Associated Orbitopathy and Open-Angle Glaucoma
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Chih-Kang Hsu, Hsin-Yu Yao, Che-Min Lin, Hsu-Chieh Chang, Da-Wen Lu, Yi-Hao Chen, and Ke-Hung Chien
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hyperthyroidism ,open-angle glaucoma ,thyroid eye disease ,thyroid-associated orbitopathy ,Medicine - Abstract
This study aimed to characterize the changes in the visual field (VF) patterns and disc morphology of patients with thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO) and open-angle glaucoma (OAG). A retrospective review of the medical records at the Tri-Service General Hospital in Taiwan identified 396 eyes of 198 patients with thyroid-associated glaucoma. A final follow-up of VF examination in 140 eyes revealed 114 eyes with VF defects, indicating disease progression. The characteristics of and changes in disc morphology, optical coherence tomography findings, and VF defects were statistically analyzed. The most common VF defects at the initial diagnosis and the end of the follow-up period were inferior partial arcuate (17%) and paracentral (15%) defects, respectively. The most common VF defect in patients with unspecific disc signs was an unspecific scotoma (13%). The most common optic disc feature was disc cupping (51%), followed by parapapillary atrophy (48%). The most frequent location of nerve fiber layer thinning was the inferotemporal region (48%). VF defects showed a significantly more pronounced progression in the non-nerve fiber bundle group than in the nerve fiber bundle group (p < 0.001). This study details the characteristics and progression of disc morphology and VF defects in patients with TAO and OAG.
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- 2021
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6. Determination of Epicenters before Earthquakes Utilizing Far Seismic and GNSS Data: Insights from Ground Vibrations
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Chieh-Hung Chen, Li-Ching Lin, Ta-Kang Yeh, Strong Wen, Huaizhong Yu, Chen Yu, Yongxin Gao, Peng Han, Yang-Yi Sun, Jann-Yenq Liu, Cheng-Horng Lin, Chi-Chia Tang, Che-Min Lin, Hung-Hao Hsieh, and Pin-Ji Lu
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common-mode ground vibrations ,pre-earthquake ground motion ,pre-earthquake anomalous phenomena ,Science - Abstract
Broadband seismometers, ground-based Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), and magnetometers that were located within an epicentral distance of approximately 150 km consistently observed the novel anomalous behaviors of the common-mode ground vibrations approximately 5–10 days before the M6.6 Meinong earthquake in Taiwan. The common-mode ground vibrations with amplitudes near 0.1 m at frequencies ranging from 8 × 10−5 to 2 × 10−4 Hz were generated near the region close to the epicenter of the impending earthquake. The common-mode vibrations were consistently observed in seismic and GNSS data associated with five other earthquakes in four distinct areas. The results reveal that the common-mode vibrations could be a typical behavior before earthquakes. The causal mechanism of common-mode vibrations can be attributed to crustal resonance excitations before fault dislocations occur. Potential relationships with other pre-earthquake anomalies suggest that the common-mode vibrations could be ground motion before earthquakes, which was investigated for a significant length of time.
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- 2020
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7. Simulating Shallow Soil Response Using Wave Propagation Numerical Modelling in the Western Plain of Taiwan
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Chun-Te Chen, Chun-Hsiang Kuo, Kuo-Liang Wen, Che-Min Lin, and Jyun-Yan Huang
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Numerical modelling ,Finite-differences ,Wave Propagation ,Geology ,QE1-996.5 ,Geophysics. Cosmic physics ,QC801-809 - Abstract
This study used the results from 45 microtremor array measurements to construct a shallow shear wave velocity structure in the western plain of Taiwan. We constructed a complete 3D velocity model based on shallow and tomography models for our numerical simulation. There are three major subsurfaces, engineering bedrock (VS = 600 m s-1), Pliocene formation and Miocene formation, constituted in the shallow model. The constant velocity is given in each subsurface. We employed a 3D-FD (finite-differences) method to simulate seismic wave propagation in the western plain. The aim of this study was to perform a quantitative comparison of site amplifications and durations obtained from empirical data and numerical modelling in order to obtain the shallow substructure soil response. Modelling clearly revealed that the shallow substructure plays an important role in strong ground motion prediction using 3D simulation. The results show significant improvements in effective shaking duration and the peak ground velocity (PGV) distribution in terms of the accuracy achieved by our developed model. We recommend a high-resolution shallow substructure as an essential component in future seismic hazard analyses.
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- 2016
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8. Outcome of patients with carbon monoxide poisoning at a far-east poison center.
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Chung-Hsuan Ku, Huei-Min Hung, Wa Cheong Leong, Hsiao-Hui Chen, Ja-Liang Lin, Wen-Hung Huang, Huang-Yu Yang, Cheng-Hao Weng, Che-Min Lin, Shwu-Hua Lee, I-Kuan Wang, Chih-Chia Liang, Chiz-Tzung Chang, Wey-Ran Lin, and Tzung-Hai Yen
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
IntroductionMany cases of carbon monoxide poisoning in Taiwan are due to burning charcoal. Nevertheless, few reports have analyzed the mortality rate of these patients who survive to reach a hospital and die despite intensive treatment. Therefore, this study examined the clinical features, physiological markers, and outcomes after carbon monoxide poisoning and the associations between these findings.MethodsWe analyzed the records of 261 patients who were referred for management of carbon monoxide intoxication between 2000 and 2010. Patients were grouped according to status at discharge as alive (survivor, n = 242) or dead (non-survivor, n = 19). Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and mortality data were obtained for analysis.ResultsApproximately half of the cases (49.4%) attempted suicide by burning charcoal. Most of the patients were middle-aged adults (33±19 years), and were referred to our hospital in a relatively short period of time (6±10 hours). Carbon monoxide produced many serious complications after exposure: fever (26.1%), hypothermia (9.6%), respiratory failure (34.1%), shock (8.4%), myocardial infarction (8.0%), gastrointestinal upset (34.9%), hepatitis (18.4%), renal failure (25.3%), coma (18.0%) and rhabdomyolysis (21.8%). Furthermore, the non-survivors suffered greater incidences of hypothermia (PConclusionThe mortality rate for medically treated carbon monoxide-poisoned patients at our center was 7.3%. Furthermore, the analysis indicates that shock was most strongly associated with higher risk of mortality.
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- 2015
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9. Investigating Near Surface S-Wave Velocity Properties Using Ambient Noise in Southwestern Taiwan
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Chun-Hsiang Kuo, Kuo-Liang Wen, Che-Min Lin, Strong Wen, and and Jyun-Yan Huang
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geophysics ,geology ,atmospheric science ,space science ,oceanic science ,hydrology ,Geology ,QE1-996.5 ,Geophysics. Cosmic physics ,QC801-809 - Abstract
Ambient noise is typically used to estimate seismic site effects and velocity profiles instead of earthquake recordings, especially in areas with limited seismic data. The dominant Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) frequency of ambient noise is correlated to Vs30, which is the average S-wave velocity in the top 30 m. Vs30 is a widely used parameter for defining seismic amplification in earthquake engineering. HVSR can detect the vertical discontinuity of velocities, that is, the interfaces between hard bedrock and soft sediments. In southwestern Taiwan most strong motion stations are located in the plains and show a dominant frequency lower than 3 Hz. Several stations near the coast have low dominant frequencies of less than 1 Hz. The dominant frequencies are higher than 4 Hz at piedmont stations. The stations in the mountains with dominant frequencies over 8 Hz are typically located on very hard sites. This study analyzed the HVSR characteristics under different seismic site conditions considering the Vs30 from previous study (Kuo et al. 2012). The result implies that HVSRs are a better tool than Vs30 to classify the sites where bedrock is deeper than 30 m. Furthermore, we found a linear correlation between Vs30 and dominant HVSR frequency which could be used as a proxy of Vs30. The Vs30 map in this area was derived using the Engineering Geological Database for Taiwan Strong Motion Instrumentation Program (EGDT). The comparable distribution pattern between the dominant frequency and Vs30 demonstrate that HVSR can recognize S-wave velocity properties at the shallow subsurface.
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- 2015
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10. Seismogenic Structure Beneath Décollement Inferred from 2009/11/5 ML 6.2 Mingjian Earthquake in Central Taiwan
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Che-Min Lin, Tao-Ming Chang, Kuo-Liang Wen, Chun-Hsiang Kuo, and Hung-Hao Hsieh
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Mingjian earthquake ,Thin-skinned model ,Chi-Chi earthquake ,Décollement ,Geology ,QE1-996.5 ,Geophysics. Cosmic physics ,QC801-809 - Abstract
One decade after the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake, central Taiwan experienced more strong ground shaking [Central Weather Bureau (CWB), intensity VII] induced by a ML 6.2 earthquake on 5th November 2009. This earthquake occurred in the Mingjian Township of Nantou County, only 12 km southwest of the Chi-Chi earthquake epicenter. The broadband microearthquake monitoring network operated by the National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering (NCREE) observed numerous aftershocks in the five days following the mainshock. The relocated aftershocks and the mainshock focal mechanism indicated a NE-SW striking fault dipping 60¢X toward the northwest. This fault plane is inside the pre-Miocene basement and the rupture extends from the lower crust to 10 km depth just beneath the basal décollement of the thin-skinned model that is generally used to explain the regional tectonics in Taiwan. The fault plane is vertically symmetrical with the Chelungpu fault by the basal décollement. The NW-SE compressive stress of plate collision in Taiwan, as well as the deep tectonic background, resulted in the seismogenic structure of the Mingjian earthquake at this location.
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- 2014
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11. Shallow S-Wave Velocity Structures in the Western Coastal Plain of Taiwan
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Che-Min Lin, Tao-Ming Chang, Yu-Chih Huang, Hsien-Jen Chiang, Chun-Hsiang Kuo, and Kuo-Liang Wen
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Array ,Microtremor ,S-wave velocity ,Frequency-Wavenumber (F-K) ,Genetical gorithm ,Peikang basement high ,Western coastal plain ,Taiwan ,Geology ,QE1-996.5 ,Geophysics. Cosmic physics ,QC801-809 - Abstract
The western coastal plain of Taiwan borders the Western Foot hills, which is a fold-and-thrust zone and one of Taiwan's major seismic zones. Earth quakes from the Western Foot hills are a frequent cause of disaster in the western coastal plain. In this study, array measurements of microtremors were conducted at seven sites through out the western coastal plain. At each site, four arrays (S, M, L, and XL arrays) of different sizes were considered. The largest radius of each array ranged from 32 m to 1 km. The Maximum Likelihood Method of Frequency-Wavenumber (F-K) analyses was used to obtain phase velocity dispersion curves. After the inversion of the dispersion curves with the initial models decided by Genetic Algorithm (GA) searching, shallow S-wave velocity structures for the western coastal plain were estimated.
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- 2009
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12. Effect of Surface Geology on Ground Motions: The Case of Station TAP056 - Chutzuhu Site
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Kuo-Liang Wen, Che-Min Lin, Hsien-Jen Chiang, Chun-Hsiang Kuo, Yu-Chih Huang, and Hsin-Chieh Pu
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Peak ground acceleration ,Local site effect ,Spectral ratio ,Microtremor survey ,Geology ,QE1-996.5 ,Geophysics. Cosmic physics ,QC801-809 - Abstract
In the Tatun mountain area of northern Taiwan are two strong motion stations approximately 2.5 km apart, TAP056 and TAP066 of the TSMIP network. The accelerometer at station TAP056 is often triggered by earthquakes, but that at TAP066 station is not. Comparisons of vertical and horizontal peak ground accelerations reveal PGA in the vertical, east-west, and north-south components at TAP056 station to be 3.89, 7.57, and 5.45 times those at station TAP066, respectively. The PGA ratio does not seem to be related to earthquake source or path. Fourier spectra of earthquake records at station TAP056 always have approximately the same dominant frequency; however, those at station TAP066 are different due to different sources and paths of different events. This shows that spectra at TAP056 station are mainly controlled by local site effects. The spectral ratios of TAP056/TAP066 show the S-wave is amplified at around 8 ~ 10 Hz. The horizontal/vertical spectral ratios of station TAP056 also show a dominant frequency at about 6 and 8 ~ 10 Hz. After dense microtremor surveying and the addition of one accelerometer just 20 meters away from the original observation station, we can confirm that the top soft soil layer upon which the observation station is constructed generates the local site response at station TAP056.
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- 2008
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13. Identification of Nonlinear Site Response Using the H/V Spectral Ratio Method
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Kuo-Liang Wen, Tao-Ming Chang, Che-Min Lin, and Hsien-Jen Chiang
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Horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio ,Nonlinear site effect ,Borehole array ,Geology ,QE1-996.5 ,Geophysics. Cosmic physics ,QC801-809 - Abstract
The horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio has become increasingly popular in studies of site effect and determination of the predominant period of a site. In this study, this method is extended to identify nonlinear soil responses. To establish this phenomenon, borehole array records that already showed nonlinear site responses using spectral ratios between surface and borehole station pairs were analyzed. Moreover, in this study, the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio method was applied to weak and strong motion records from the same dataset. The results demonstrate that nonlinear site responses can be evaluated using horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios of surface recordings at a single station.
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- 2006
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14. Serotonin Syndrome From the Complex Drug Interactions of Second-Generation Antipsychotics in Older Patients: Case Report and Literature Review.
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Yun-Yun Hsieh, Che-Min Lin, and Ching-Yen Chen
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- 2024
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15. Standby Power Management of a Smart Home Appliance by Using Energy Saving System With Active Loading Feature Identification.
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Ming-Tang Chen and Che-Min Lin
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- 2019
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16. Modeling of rupture using strong motion generation area: a case study of Hualien earthquake (Mw 6.1) occurred on April 18, 2019
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Saurabh Sharma, Anand Joshi, null Sandeep, Che-Min Lin, Chun-Hsiang Kuo, Kuo-Liang Wen, Sandeep Singh, Mukat Lal Sharma, Mohit Pandey, and Jyoti Singh
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Geophysics - Published
- 2022
17. Machine Learning-Based Configuration Parameter Tuning on Hadoop System.
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Chi-Ou Chen, Ye-Qi Zhuo, Chao-Chun Yeh, Che-Min Lin, and Shih-Wei Liao
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- 2015
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18. Establishment of the correlation between the near-surface sedimentary thickness and the microtremor dominant frequency in the Hanoi area
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Nguyen-Tien, Hung, primary, Nguyen-Hong, Phuong, additional, Nguyen-Le, Minh, additional, Che-Min, Lin, additional, Tran-An, Nguyen, additional, Pham-The, Truyen, additional, and Nguyen-Van, Duong, additional
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- 2022
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19. A Study on the Integration of ISO 27001 & 27011 and the New Personal Information Protection Act in the Telecom Enterprises in Taiwan.
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I-Long Lin, Che-Min Lin, and Che-Jui Sun
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- 2013
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20. Activation of Prp28 ATPase by phosphorylated Npl3 at a critical step of spliceosome remodeling
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Che-Min Lin, Shu-Chun Tsai, Tien-Hsien Chang, Luh Tung, Hsin-I Liu, Wei-Hau Chang, Chung-Shu Yeh, Leah Stands Lanier, Golam Rizvee Ahmed, Corina Maeder, Fu-Lung Yeh, Wan-Yi Hsiao, and Shang-Lin Chang
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0301 basic medicine ,Spliceosome ,Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ,RNA splicing ,ATPase ,Science ,Ribonuclease H ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Saccharomyces cerevisiae ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Article ,DEAD-box RNA Helicases ,03 medical and health sciences ,Exon ,0302 clinical medicine ,Adenosine Triphosphate ,RNA Precursors ,Humans ,snRNP ,Phosphorylation ,Ribonucleoprotein ,Messenger RNA ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,Chemistry ,Intron ,Nuclear Proteins ,RNA-Binding Proteins ,General Chemistry ,Ribonucleoproteins, Small Nuclear ,Cell biology ,030104 developmental biology ,Multiprotein Complexes ,Mutation ,biology.protein ,Spliceosomes ,RNA ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,RNA Helicases ,Protein Binding - Abstract
Splicing, a key step in the eukaryotic gene-expression pathway, converts precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) into mRNA by excising introns and ligating exons. This task is accomplished by the spliceosome, a macromolecular machine that must undergo sequential conformational changes to establish its active site. Each of these major changes requires a dedicated DExD/H-box ATPase, but how these enzymes are activated remain obscure. Here we show that Prp28, a yeast DEAD-box ATPase, transiently interacts with the conserved 5′ splice-site (5′SS) GU dinucleotide and makes splicing-dependent contacts with the U1 snRNP protein U1C, and U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP proteins, Prp8, Brr2, and Snu114. We further show that Prp28’s ATPase activity is potentiated by the phosphorylated Npl3, but not the unphosphorylated Npl3, thus suggesting a strategy for regulating DExD/H-box ATPases. We propose that Npl3 is a functional counterpart of the metazoan-specific Prp28 N-terminal region, which can be phosphorylated and serves as an anchor to human spliceosome., Yeast helicase Prp28 promotes the first step of spliceosome remodeling. By placing a photoactivatable unnatural amino acid in Prp28, the authors capture Prp28 in action revealing its dynamic interactions and cofactor Npl3.
- Published
- 2021
21. P‐20: 32‐inch 8K4K 120Hz LCD with LTPS TFT
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Ya-Ling Hsu, Hsiao-Wei Cheng, Che-Min Lin, Chu-Kuan Yu, and Chun-Ru Huang
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Materials science ,Liquid-crystal display ,Thin-film transistor ,business.industry ,law ,Optoelectronics ,business ,law.invention - Published
- 2021
22. Trickle: Resilient Real-Time Video Multicasting for Dynamic Peers with Limited or Asymmetric Network Connectivity.
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Yu-Hsuang Guo, John Kar-Kin Zao, Wen-Hsiao Peng, Lin-Shung Huang, Fang-Po Kuo, and Che-Min Lin
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- 2006
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23. Development of a smart home energy saving system combining multiple smart devices.
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Ming-Tang Chen and Che-Min Lin
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- 2016
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24. Shallow Subsurface Structure in the Hualien Basin and Relevance to the Damage Pattern and Fault Rupture during the 2018 Hualien Earthquake
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Takumi Hayashida, Chun Hsiang Kuo, Yasuhiro Matsumoto, Yin Tung Yen, Che Min Lin, Keng Chang Kuo, Masumi Yamada, Yujia Guo, Jim Mori, Ken Miyakoshi, and Ikuo Cho
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geography ,Geophysics ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Geochemistry and Petrology ,Relevance (information retrieval) ,Fault (geology) ,Structural basin ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,01 natural sciences ,Seismology ,Geology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
The 2018 Mw 6.4 Hualien earthquake generated a large peak-to-peak velocity of over 2 m/s, with a period of 3 s at the south end of the Milun fault, which resulted in the collapse of five buildings. To investigate the shallow subsurface soil structure and evaluate possible effects on the ground motion and building damage, we performed microtremor measurements in the Hualien basin. Based on the velocity structure jointly inverted from both Rayleigh-wave dispersion curves and microtremor horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio data, we found that the shallow subsurface structure generally deepens from west to east. Close to the Milun fault, the structure becomes shallower, which is consistent with faulting during the 2018 earthquake and the long-term tectonic displacement. There is no significant variation for the site conditions in the north–south direction that can explain the large peak ground velocity in the south. As a result of the dense measurements in the heavily damaged area, where three high-rise buildings totally collapsed, these locations have the average S-wave velocity of the upper 30 m (AVS30) values and are relatively high compared to the more distant area from the Meilun River. This is somewhat unusual, because lower AVS30 values indicating softer ground conditions are expected close to the river. We did not find any characteristic subsurface soil structure that may contribute to the building collapses. The large 3 s pulse was probably generated by source effects, rather than subsurface soil amplification.
- Published
- 2020
25. Implementing horizontal-to-vertical Fourier spectral ratios and spatial correlation in a ground-motion prediction equation to predict site effects
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Jyun Yan Huang, Shu Hsien Chao, Kuo-Liang Wen, Che Min Lin, Chun Hsiang Kuo, and Yi-Hau Chen
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Physics ,Ground motion ,Spatial correlation ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology ,01 natural sciences ,Computational physics ,Strong ground motion ,symbols.namesake ,Geophysics ,Fourier transform ,symbols ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
We propose a methodology to implement horizontal-to-vertical Fourier spectral ratios (HVRs) evaluated from strong ground motion induced by earthquake (EHVRs) or ambient ground motion observed from microtremor (MHVRs) individually and simultaneously with the spatial correlation (SC) in a ground-motion prediction equation (GMPE) to improve the prediction accuracy of site effects. We illustrated the methodology by developing an EHVRs-SC-based model which supplements Vs30 and Z1.0 with the SC and EHVRs collected at strong motion stations, and a MHVRs-SC-based model that supplements Vs30 and Z1.0 with the SC and MHVRs observed from microtremors at sites which were collocated with strong motion stations. The standard deviation of the station-specific residuals can be reduced by up to 90% when the proposed models are used to predict site effects. In the proposed models, the spatial distribution of the predicted station terms for peak ground acceleration (PGA) from MHVRs at 3699 sites is consistent with that of the predicted station terms for PGA from EHVRs at 721 strong motion stations. Prediction accuracy for stations with inferred Vs30 is similar to that of stations with measured Vs30 with the proposed models. This study provides a methodology to simultaneously implement SC and EHVRs, or SC and MHVRs in a GMPE to improve the prediction accuracy of site effects for a target site with available EHVRs or MHVRs information.
- Published
- 2020
26. Conformal Epitaxy Zno/Gaox Superlattices: From Theory to Experiment
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Lin Che-Min, Che-Min Lin, P.C. Kung, Tsan-Chuen Leung, and Q. Yung-Sung Chen
- Published
- 2022
27. Site-Specific Response Spectra Developed by Considering Near-Fault Motions in Taiwan
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Jyun-Yan Huang, Shu-Hsien Chao, Che-Min Lin, Shang-Yi Hsu, Chung-Che Chou, Chiun-Lin Wu, and Chin-Hsiung Loh
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History ,Polymers and Plastics ,Business and International Management ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering - Published
- 2022
28. Design and Implementation of a Door Latch Unlocking Mechanism
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Che-Min Lin, Yu-Hsun Chen, and Kuan-Lun Hsu
- Published
- 2021
29. Conformal Epitaxy Zno/Gaox Superlattices: From Theory to Experiment
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Che-Min, Lin, primary, Lin, Che-Min, additional, Kung, P.C., additional, Leung, Tsan-Chuen, additional, and Chen, Q. Yung-Sung, additional
- Published
- 2022
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30. Design and implementation of a smart home energy saving system by multi-microprocessors.
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Ming-Tang Chen and Che-Min Lin
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- 2015
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31. Preparation of graphene-embedded hydroxypropyl cellulose/chitosan/polyethylene oxide nanofiber membranes as wound dressings with enhanced antibacterial properties
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Hsyue-Jen Hsieh, Yung-Chi Chang, Da-Ming Wang, Shin C. Chang, Che-Min Lin, Tzu-Yang Hsien, Li-Chang Cheng, and Chao-Hsien Liu
- Subjects
Absorption of water ,Polymers and Plastics ,Chemistry ,Hydroxypropyl cellulose ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Chitosan ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Membrane ,Chemical engineering ,Specific surface area ,Nanofiber ,Ultimate tensile strength ,Glutaraldehyde ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Electrospun nanofiber membranes possess high specific surface area with small pores and thus can be developed as wound dressings for absorbing exudate and also preventing bacterial penetration. In this study, hydroxypropyl cellulose (H), chitosan (C) and polyethylene oxide (P) were chosen as membrane materials to increase the hydrophilicity, anti-bacterial property, and yield of nanofibers, respectively. Additionally, graphene (G) was added to enhance the anti-bacterial property of the membranes. As indicated by SEM, the HCP and HCPG solutions (containing H:4.5 wt%, C:4.5 wt%, P:0.75 wt%, without/with G:0.5 wt%) could be electrospun into HCP and HCPG nanofiber membranes with good fiber morphology using a non-toxic solvent system. Further, the membranes were crosslinked by glutaraldehyde vapor to improve the strength. The tensile strength of the membranes was 1.38–1.82 MPa with a swelling ratio up to 1330–1410%. The water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of wet HCPG membrane was about 3100 g/m2-day, close to the recommended WVTR of wound dressings. The anti-bacterial properties of the membranes were confirmed using three tests against Escherichia coli (Gram-negative bacterium) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive bacterium). Highly hydrophilic HCP and HCPG membranes prevented the bacterial adherence. The presence of the membranes (especially graphene-embedded HCPG membrane) also greatly reduced bacterial growth. The small pore sizes of HCP and HCPG nanofiber membranes prevented the bacterial penetration to cause infection. Taken together, the HCP and HCPG nanofiber membranes possessed good mechanical properties, appropriate WVTR and high water absorption thus suitable for absorbing wound exudate. Besides, the membranes exhibited nontoxic, anti-fibroblast adhesion and anti-bacterial properties. Therefore, HCP and HCPG nanofiber membranes have the potential to become superior anti-bacterial wound dressings.
- Published
- 2020
32. Ethnic disparity in prevalence and associated risk factors of myopia in adolescents
- Author
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Che-Min Lin, Tzu-Heng Weng, Shih-Min Lin, and Shang-Yi Chiang
- Subjects
Male ,Adolescent ,National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ,Population ,Ethnic group ,Lower risk ,White People ,Odds ,Risk Factors ,Mexican Americans ,Myopia ,Prevalence ,Humans ,Medicine ,Risk factor ,education ,lcsh:R5-920 ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Hispanic or Latino ,General Medicine ,Odds ratio ,Nutrition Surveys ,United States ,Confidence interval ,Black or African American ,Logistic Models ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Multivariate Analysis ,Female ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,business ,Demography - Abstract
Background/Purpose: To examine ethnic disparity in prevalence and associated factors of myopia in adolescents using the Unites States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) dataset. Methods: Participants who were aged 12–19 years were included from NHANES (1999–2008). Logistic regression analyses were applied to identify risk factors associated with myopia after stratification by race. Results: A total of 9,960 participants were included in the prevalence analysis, and 6,571 in the risk factor analysis. Other race (excluded Mexican American, other Hispanic, non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black) participants had the highest frequency of myopia (42.77%). Multivariate analyses of the whole population suggested that the odds of myopia were significantly lower in participants with household smokers (odds ratio [OR] = 0.79, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.66–0.97), and significantly greater in Mexican American race (OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.01–1.62), other Hispanic (OR = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.10–2.92) and in participants with senior high school graduate education (OR = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.01–3.18), watched 2 hours of television daily (OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.02–1.59), used the computer for 1 hour daily (OR = 1.276, 95% CI: 1.02–1.57). When examined by race/ethnicity, 1 hour of computer use increased the odds of myopia in the non-Hispanic White group, in Mexican Americans a higher family poverty income ratio and 2 hours of television time was associated with myopia, and in the Other Hispanic group, a higher family poverty income ratio was associated with myopia, while males and those with a higher sugar had a lower risk of myopia. Conclusion: Risk factors for myopia vary with race/ethnicity. Keywords: Adolescent, Myopia, Racial disparity, Risk factor, NHANES
- Published
- 2020
33. Peak ground acceleration estimation using P-wave parameters and horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios
- Author
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Rih-Teng Wu, Ting-Yu Hsu, Chia Wei Liang, Chun Hsiang Kuo, and Che Min Lin
- Subjects
lcsh:Geology ,Physics ,Atmospheric Science ,Peak ground acceleration ,Computer Science::Neural and Evolutionary Computation ,lcsh:QE1-996.5 ,P wave ,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) ,lcsh:G1-922 ,Oceanography ,lcsh:Geography (General) ,Computational physics - Abstract
Peak ground acceleration (PGA) can be used to estimate the seismic intensity. However, using P-wave features to estimate PGA is a challenging task. One of the reasons for that is that a seismic wave commonly undergoes modification due to various site effects, consequently leading to uncertainty in the predicted PGA. In order to accommodate site effects using site parameters together with P-wave parameters, this paper takes advantage of machine learning to consider multiple parameters simultaneously. Several artificial neural network (ANN) models considering different site effect parameters are constructed. The performances of these ANN models were investigated and compared. In total, 53531 ground motion data obtained from the Taiwan Strong Motion Instrumentation Program were utilized to develop the proposed approach. It was found that the proposed ANN model with horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio parameters effectively reduces the error of the estimated PGA when compared with either the ANN model without site parameters or the ANN model with other site parameters.
- Published
- 2020
34. The High-Frequency Decay Parameter (Kappa) in Taiwan
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Chun Te Chen, Che Min Lin, Ming Wey Huang, Shun Chiang Chang, Jyun Yan Huang, Chun Hsiang Kuo, and Kuo-Liang Wen
- Subjects
Physics ,Instrumentation ,Elevation ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,Geodesy ,01 natural sciences ,Spectral line ,Shear (sheet metal) ,symbols.namesake ,Geophysics ,Amplitude ,Fourier transform ,Geochemistry and Petrology ,symbols ,Seismogram ,Kappa ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
The high-frequency decay parameter kappa (κ) was computed by fitting Fourier amplitude spectra from the seismic network of the Taiwan Strong Motion Instrumentation Program (TSMIP). The κ of shear horizontal waves (SH waves) was calculated for individual recordings, and the relationship between κ values and the epicentral distance (Repi) of each station was derived for each station. The κ value at Repi = 0 (denoted as κ0) can be used as a site parameter. There are totally 26,277 seismograms that have been recorded at 679 TSMIP stations over the period of 1993 through 2014 with local magnitudes of 4.0–7.1 and focal depths less than 30 km. The estimation of κ0 for Taiwan ranges from 0.0208 to 0.147 s, and the spatial distribution of κ0 was closely related to geology and velocity. The site-specific κ0 values from 425 stations were correlated with the averaged shear wave velocity of the top 30 m of strata (VS30), and the relationship could be described as κ0 = (0.125 ± 0.005) − (0.011 ± 0.001) × ln(VS30), and an acceptable linear correlation (R2 = 0.57) was performed. The results may be used in the future application of ground motion prediction equations (GPMEs) and serve as simulation parameters. Also, the relationship between κ0 and the depth to engineering rock (Z1.0) is not well correlated, whereas an acceptable correlation exists between κ0 and other site proxies (i.e., elevation and resonant frequency).
- Published
- 2019
35. Standby Power Management of a Smart Home Appliance by Using Energy Saving System With Active Loading Feature Identification
- Author
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Che-Min Lin and Ming-Tang Chen
- Subjects
business.industry ,Computer science ,020206 networking & telecommunications ,02 engineering and technology ,Energy consumption ,Reliability engineering ,Energy conservation ,Electric energy ,Identification (information) ,Home automation ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Media Technology ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,business ,Standby power ,Energy (signal processing) - Abstract
Recently, energy conservation has been concerned, and there are several aspects to improve the energy consumption issues. Therefore, many research results were proposed to mitigate the related problems, one of these is to eliminate the extra standby power of household appliances. This paper employed an effective method to identify load characteristics of appliances in different operation states by support vector machines, and a smart home electric energy saving system was built up to implement the method. Furthermore, a virtual living room was simulated in the laboratory as an experimental object, and a prototype system was built up. The performance test results are proposed to validate the feasibility of the proposed system.
- Published
- 2019
36. Co-seismic geomagnetic fluctuations and atmospheric disturbances during the 2018 M 6.2 Hualien Earthquake
- Author
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Horng Yuan Yen, Cheng-Horng Lin, TsungYu Wu, Chun Rong Chen, Strong Wen, Hung Hao Hsieh, Che Min Lin, Chieh-Hung Chen, Bor-Shouh Huang, and Jann-Yenq Liu
- Subjects
Atmospheric Science ,Infrasound ,lcsh:QE1-996.5 ,lcsh:G1-922 ,Tiltmeter ,Oceanography ,Physics::Geophysics ,lcsh:Geology ,Earth's magnetic field ,Physics::Space Physics ,QuakeFinder ,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) ,lcsh:Geography (General) ,Geology ,Seismology - Abstract
The strong ground motion of 6 February 2018 M 6.2 Hualien Earthquake triggered a series of co-seismic geomagnetic fluctuations and seismo-traveling atmospheric disturbances (STADs) signatures in infrasonic waves and micro-pressures upon the seismic wave arrival. Networks of 9 QuakeFinder systems, 3 infrasound systems, 2 tiltmeters, 2 micro-barometers, and 11 co-located seismometers are used in this study. Each QuakeFinder system consists of a 3-axes induction magnetometer, an air conductivity sensor, a geophone, and temperature/relative humidity sensors. Co-seismic signatures clearly appear in the induction magnetometers, infrasound systems, and micro-barometers data. The magnetometers register both high- and lowfrequency pulsations. Geomagnetic fluctuations occur upon the seismic wave arrival but last a longer duration, while the STADs lag their co-located seismic waves by about 15 - 45 s. The long-lasting fluctuations recorded by both induction and fluxgate magnetometers suggest that the ground/underground water motion play an important role, which is further conformed by low-frequency fluctuations in the tiltmeter data. In general, the amplitude of geomagnetic fluctuations decays as away from the epicenter. However, unusual large co-seismic geomagnetic fluctuations are detected over areas of the abnormal seismic intensity level and/or the magnetic underground structure with anomalously high susceptibilities.
- Published
- 2019
37. Investigation of shallow S-wave velocity structure and site response parameters in Taiwan by using high-density microtremor measurements
- Author
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Chun-Te Chen, Chun-Hsiang Kuo, Che-Min Lin, Jyun-Yan Huang, and Kuo-Liang Wen
- Subjects
Geology ,Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology - Published
- 2022
38. Coseismic Velocity Variations Associated with the 2018 Mw 6.4 Hualien Earthquake Estimated Using Repeating Earthquakes
- Author
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Ruey Juin Rau, Dawei Mu, Che‐Min Lin, En Jui Lee, and Po Chen
- Subjects
Geophysics ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,01 natural sciences ,Geology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Published
- 2018
39. Incorporation and selective removal of space-forming nanofibers to enhance the permeability of cytocompatible nanofiber membranes for better cell growth
- Author
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Che-Min Lin, Da-Ming Wang, Tzu-Yang Hsien, Hsyue-Jen Hsieh, Ting-Yun Kuo, and Shih-Chieh Hung
- Subjects
food.ingredient ,Chemistry ,Cell growth ,General Chemical Engineering ,technology, industry, and agriculture ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Gelatin ,Electrospinning ,0104 chemical sciences ,Chitosan ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Membrane ,food ,Chemical engineering ,Permeability (electromagnetism) ,Nanofiber ,sense organs ,Glutaraldehyde ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Nanofibrous biomaterials fabricated by electrospinning attract increasing attention. However, electrospun nanofibers are stacked tightly, thus restricting cell infiltration and nutrient supply. To overcome this drawback, we developed three types of cytocompatible nanofiber membranes, namely (1) electrospun chitosan/gelatin/PEO (CGP) composite membrane, (2) co-electrospun CGP/E membrane containing CGP and Eudragit (E) nanofibers, (3) CGP (E removed) membrane which was obtained by selective removal of E nanofibers from CGP/E membrane. The permeability of albumin through CGP, CGP/E, and CGP (E removed) nanofiber membranes increased from 1.50 × 10−11 to 6.19 × 10−11 and further to 15.3 × 10−11 m2/s, respectively. Hence, incorporating large-diameter (space-forming) E nanofibers with CGP nanofibers enhanced the permeability of CGP/E membrane. Moreover, selectively removing E nanofibers from CGP/E membrane further enlarged pore size and created more permeable CGP (E removed) membrane. Membrane strength and stability were reinforced by crosslinking with glutaraldehyde for 2.5 h. To verify our approach, stem cells (KP-hMSCs) were covered by CGP (E removed) or CGP membrane and cultured for 7 days. The cell density underneath CGP (E removed) membrane was about 1.7 times of that underneath CGP membrane, indicating that improved cell growth (proliferation) occurred under CGP (E removed) membrane. Therefore, our approach to create more permeable nanofiber membranes for better cell growth is successful and can be utilized for fabricating various nanofibrous biomaterials.
- Published
- 2018
40. Strong Ground Motion and Pulse‐Like Velocity Observations in the Near‐Fault Region of the 2018 Mw 6.4 Hualien, Taiwan, Earthquake
- Author
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Che Min Lin, Jyun Yan Huang, Shu Hsien Chao, Kuo-Liang Wen, Ting-Yu Hsu, and Chun Hsiang Kuo
- Subjects
Strong ground motion ,Geophysics ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,01 natural sciences ,Near fault ,Seismology ,Geology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Pulse (physics) - Published
- 2018
41. A 0.27mm2 13.5dBm 2.4GHz all-digital polar transmitter using 34%-efficiency Class-D DPA in 40nm CMOS.
- Author
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Jie-Wei Lai, Chi-Hsueh Wang, Kaipon Kao, Anson Lin, Yi-Hsien Cho, Lan-chou Cho, Meng-Hsiung Hung, Xin-Yu Shih, Che-Min Lin, Sheng-Hong Yan, Yuan-Hung Chung, Paul C. P. Liang, Guang-Kaai Dehng, Hung-Sung Li, George Chien, and Robert Bogdan Staszewski
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Determination of Epicenters before Earthquakes Utilizing Far Seismic and GNSS Data: Insights from Ground Vibrations
- Author
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Pin Ji Lu, Li Ching Lin, Yang Yi Sun, Chieh-Hung Chen, Che Min Lin, Jann-Yenq Liu, Hung Hao Hsieh, Cheng-Horng Lin, Ta-Kang Yeh, Peng Han, Chi-Chia Tang, Huaizhong Yu, Yongxin Gao, Chen Yu, and Strong Wen
- Subjects
Seismometer ,pre-earthquake anomalous phenomena ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Magnetometer ,common-mode ground vibrations ,Fault (geology) ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,Vibration ,pre-earthquake ground motion ,Amplitude ,law ,GNSS applications ,Epicenter ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Ground vibrations ,lcsh:Q ,lcsh:Science ,Seismology ,Geology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Broadband seismometers, ground-based Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), and magnetometers that were located within an epicentral distance of approximately 150 km consistently observed the novel anomalous behaviors of the common-mode ground vibrations approximately 5–10 days before the M6.6 Meinong earthquake in Taiwan. The common-mode ground vibrations with amplitudes near 0.1 m at frequencies ranging from 8 × 10−5 to 2 × 10−4 Hz were generated near the region close to the epicenter of the impending earthquake. The common-mode vibrations were consistently observed in seismic and GNSS data associated with five other earthquakes in four distinct areas. The results reveal that the common-mode vibrations could be a typical behavior before earthquakes. The causal mechanism of common-mode vibrations can be attributed to crustal resonance excitations before fault dislocations occur. Potential relationships with other pre-earthquake anomalies suggest that the common-mode vibrations could be ground motion before earthquakes, which was investigated for a significant length of time.
- Published
- 2020
43. Identification of Engineering Bedrock in Taiwan based on Site Amplification and Velocity Structures of Strong-motion Stations
- Author
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Che-Min Lin, Jyun-Yan Huang, Chun-Hsiang Kuo, and Kuo-Liang Wen
- Abstract
There are two kinds of bedrocks that are widely used in seismology and earthquake engineering respectively. The seismology field uses the “seismic bedrock” to define an interface that has a practically lateral extent. The strata deeper than this interface is much more homogeneous in comparison with the shallower one. It is common to set the seismic bedrock within the upper crust has 3000 m/sec of the shear wave velocity. In contrast, the earthquake engineering prefers the shallower interface which dominates the main seismic site amplification, especially the predominant frequency of ground motion. The interface is called “Engineering Bedrock”, which the underlying stratum has the shear wave velocity from 300 to 1000 m/sec for different purposes. But, the reference shear wave velocity of the engineering bedrock is mostly defined as 760 m/sec for ground motion prediction and simulation. In Taiwan, the Central Weather Bureau (CWB) constructed and operates a dense strong-motion network called TSMIP (Taiwan Strong Motion Instrument Program), which provides numerous ground motion data for seismology and earthquake engineering. In our previous studies, the shallow shear wave velocity profiles of over 700 TSMIP stations were estimated by the Receiver Function method. The velocity profiles are from the ground surface to the depth with the shear wave velocity of at least 2000 m/sec. It allows us to compare the theoretical site amplification of the velocity profile of TSMIP stations with their observed one from the seismic records. The variance of fitness between theoretical and observed amplifications through shear wave velocity is analyzed to evaluate which reference velocity can appropriately define the depth of engineering bedrock, where the most site amplification occur beneath, in all of Taiwan. The difference between local geology is also discussed. Finally, an engineering bedrock map is proposed for further applications in earthquake engineering.
- Published
- 2020
44. Empirical Site Amplification Modelling for Horizontal and Vertical Ground Motions in Taiwan
- Author
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Chun-Hsiang Kuo, Shu-Hsien Chao, Che-Min Lin, Jyun-Yan Huang, and Kuo-Liang Wen
- Abstract
Site amplification behavior are important in ground motion prediction. Seismic waves were amplified and caused significant building damages in the Taipei Basin by the 1986 Hualien offshore (subduction interface) and the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquakes (crustal), for which both of the epicentral distances were nearly 100 km. To understand local site amplifications in Taiwan, empirical site amplification factors for both horizontal and vertical ground motions are studied using recently constructed strong motion and site databases for the free-field TSMIP stations. Records of large magnitude earthquakes of MW larger than 5.5 from 1991 to 2016 were selected for this study. Site amplification factors at site conditions with Vs30 between 120 m/s to 1600 m/s and bedrock accelerations up to 0.8 g were evaluated using ratios of spectral accelerations at different periods. The reference site condition, i.e. the engineering bedrock, is assumed as Vs30 of 760 m/s (B/C boundary) in this study. Our empirical site amplification form are borrowed from the site response function of ASK14 and CY14 ground motion models in NGA-West2 project with slight modification. Therefore our site amplification model includes a linear amplification term and a nonlinear deamplification term. The coefficients of the empirical models were obtained by a nonlinear regression analysis using the selected Taiwan data. Site amplification factor is a function of Vs30 and spectral intensity in the model. Similar linear site amplification factor to the NGA models is derived in our model; however, more significant soil nonlinearity behavior than the NGA models is likely captured from the empirical data. The amplification factor in vertical component is smaller than that in horizontal.
- Published
- 2020
45. Site amplifications and the effect on local magnitude determination at stations of the surface–downhole network in Taiwan
- Author
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Nai Chi Hsiao, Che Min Lin, Da Yi Chen, Chun Hsiang Kuo, and Kuo-Liang Wen
- Subjects
Surface (mathematics) ,Ground motion ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Mode (statistics) ,Soil Science ,Resonance ,Magnitude (mathematics) ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology ,Geodesy ,01 natural sciences ,Power law ,Intensity (physics) ,Large earthquakes ,Electronic engineering ,Geology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Civil and Structural Engineering - Abstract
This study analyzed site effects including PGA and empirical transfer functions at 15 selected surface–downhole stations by using ground motion recordings of earthquakes with ML > 4 during 2012 and 2013 in Taiwan. In addition, we used all strong motion recordings of four large earthquakes (ML > 6) to generate intensity distribution maps and assess the differences in magnitude at the surface and downhole. The site amplification factors of the PGA were calculated using the ratio between the surface and downhole recordings. The mean PGA amplification factors ranged from 2 to an exaggerated value of 20 at different stations. In addition, the power law relationships between the PGAs at the surface and downhole were evaluated to understand how amplification varies as PGA increases. Strong ground motions with and without site effects throughout Taiwan could be observed by comparing intensity distribution maps generated using the surface and downhole accelerations from four large earthquakes with magnitudes > 6. Empirical transfer functions derived using the single-station and two-station methods at the same stations showed comparable dominant frequencies and amplification factors; however, the empirical transfer function derived using the two-station method showed clearer resonance peaks, not only at fundamental frequencies but also at higher mode resonance frequencies. The HHSR and the HVSR were highly similar, particularly at medium frequencies. This finding indicates that the HVSR can be used instead of the HHSR when only the surface recording is available. Moreover, the local magnitudes calculated using surface recordings were higher than those calculated using downhole recordings. The differences are attributed to the amplification caused by the sedimentary layers and resultant in 0.36, 0.46 and 0.49 on average for events with ML of > 6, 5–6, and 4–5. Furthermore, HHSRs at 5–10 Hz and 1.1–1.7 Hz were strongly correlated with PGA amplifications and ML differences, respectively.
- Published
- 2018
46. Electrically tunable bandgaps for g-ZnO/ZnX (X = S, Se, Te) 2D semiconductor bilayers
- Author
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Li-Wei Tu, Yu-Hsuan Yu, Chun-Fu Chang, Chi-Chung Kei, Tsan-Chuen Leung, Chien-Wei Chen, Yu-yuan Zheng, Hye-Won Seo, Sung-Wei Yeh, Bor Yann Liaw, Kuan-Tsae Huang, Wanchen Hsieh, P.V. Wadekar, Quark Y. Chen, Kung-Shiuh Huang, Chun-Jung Su, Che-Min Lin, Wei-Kan Chu, Di Chen, Ching-Wen Chang, Yu-Chiao Lin, and Chih-Hsiung Liao
- Subjects
010302 applied physics ,Materials science ,Condensed matter physics ,Condensed Matter::Other ,business.industry ,Orbital hybridisation ,Band gap ,Stacking ,Heterojunction ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Condensed Matter::Materials Science ,Dipole ,Semiconductor ,0103 physical sciences ,Quadrupole ,0210 nano-technology ,Valence electron ,business ,Instrumentation - Abstract
Novel physical properties not seen in their individual layers are obtained from stacked layers of materials. In this report, using the first-principles calculations, we study the electronic band structures of heterostructures composed of graphitic (graphene-like) bilayers of g-ZnO/ZnX (X = S, Se, and Te) semiconductors. The g-ZnO layer is largely planar, but the ZnX layer is somewhat corrugated. Our calculations reveal on the stable formations of a type-II band alignment in bilayers with an AB stacking order of OZnO-ZnZnX and ZnZnO-XZnX. The optical bandgaps are much lowered as compared to the monolayers of ZnO and ZnX constituents, with the conduction band contributed by g-ZnO and valence band by ZnX. There is a quadratic dependence of the bandgap on the external electric biases applied in perpendicular to the interface. This nonlinearity manifests an superposed effect of an interlayer orbital hybridization and associated charge transferring, along with the coexistence of an electric dipole and a quadrupole. There is an overall charge transfer of valence electrons from the ZnX layer to the g-ZnO layer, leading to a pair of highly charge polarized surfaces along with a large built-in potential. The already lowered bandgaps further change with the external bias. This tunability of Eg for g-ZnO/ZnX bilayer heterostructures holds promises for optoelectronic applications covering a wider spectral range of the solar spectrum.
- Published
- 2021
47. Characteristics of Optic Disc and Visual Field Changes in Patients with Thyroid-Associated Orbitopathy and Open-Angle Glaucoma
- Author
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Ke-Hung Chien, Chih-Kang Hsu, Yi-Hao Chen, Da-Wen Lu, Hsin-Yu Yao, Hsu-Chieh Chang, and Che-Min Lin
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,genetic structures ,Open angle glaucoma ,Nerve fiber layer ,open-angle glaucoma ,Glaucoma ,Article ,Optical coherence tomography ,Ophthalmology ,medicine ,hyperthyroidism ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Blind spot ,Thyroid ,thyroid eye disease ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,eye diseases ,Visual field ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,thyroid-associated orbitopathy ,Medicine ,sense organs ,business ,Optic disc - Abstract
This study aimed to characterize the changes in the visual field (VF) patterns and disc morphology of patients with thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO) and open-angle glaucoma (OAG). A retrospective review of the medical records at the Tri-Service General Hospital in Taiwan identified 396 eyes of 198 patients with thyroid-associated glaucoma. A final follow-up of VF examination in 140 eyes revealed 114 eyes with VF defects, indicating disease progression. The characteristics of and changes in disc morphology, optical coherence tomography findings, and VF defects were statistically analyzed. The most common VF defects at the initial diagnosis and the end of the follow-up period were inferior partial arcuate (17%) and paracentral (15%) defects, respectively. The most common VF defect in patients with unspecific disc signs was an unspecific scotoma (13%). The most common optic disc feature was disc cupping (51%), followed by parapapillary atrophy (48%). The most frequent location of nerve fiber layer thinning was the inferotemporal region (48%). VF defects showed a significantly more pronounced progression in the non-nerve fiber bundle group than in the nerve fiber bundle group (p <, 0.001). This study details the characteristics and progression of disc morphology and VF defects in patients with TAO and OAG.
- Published
- 2021
48. Near-surface frequency-dependent nonlinear damping ratio observation of ground motions using SMART1
- Author
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Che Min Lin, Chun Te Chen, Chun Hsiang Kuo, Jyun Yan Huang, and Kuo-Liang Wen
- Subjects
Physics ,Damping ratio ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Phase (waves) ,Soil Science ,Spectral density ,Magnitude (mathematics) ,020101 civil engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology ,0201 civil engineering ,Computational physics ,Nonlinear system ,Range (statistics) ,Shear stress ,Scaling ,021101 geological & geomatics engineering ,Civil and Structural Engineering - Abstract
The damping ratio is an important index used in soil nonlinearity studies and is mostly proportional to the shear strain increase. Previous researches indicated a frequency-independent damping in most cases. In this study, frequency-dependent damping was introduced from frequency-dependent Q calculated through the spectral ratio method of near-surface structures using the power spectrum of strong motion records in the Strong Motion Array in Taiwan Phase I (SMART1). The dense SMART1 recorded significant strong motions in the 1980s, which can be used to identify soil nonlinearity at near surfaces. A 40%–50% increase in frequency-dependent damping for SMART1 was identified, with strain increasing from 0.01% to 0.1% in near-surface regions. A large damping was also found in the shallow sediments with mean Vs below 600 m/s on the topmost 500 m layers in the SMART1 database at a frequency range of 3–8 Hz, which is independent of the magnitude scaling or near-field travel distance scaling relations.
- Published
- 2021
49. Geological implications of the 0212 earthquake in 2014 at the Tatun Volcano Group of Taiwan: Synergistic effects of volcanic and faulting activities
- Author
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Che-Min Lin, Min-Hung Shih, Ya-Chuan Lai, Cheng-Horng Lin, Li-Chin Chang, Yi-Heng Li, Hsin-Chieh Pu, and Chih-Wen Kan
- Subjects
geography ,Focal mechanism ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Seismic zone ,Geology ,Fault (geology) ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,01 natural sciences ,Volcano ,Geothermal fluid ,Group (stratigraphy) ,Upper crust ,Aftershock ,Seismology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Earth-Surface Processes - Abstract
On February 12, 2014, an ML 4.2 earthquake (named 0212 EQ) occurred at the Tatun Volcano Group (TVG) in northern Taiwan. Seismic data from both the regional broadband array in Taiwan and a local dense seismic network in the TVG indicate that the 0212 EQ was located at a depth of 4.3 km near Shamoshan, one of the latest eruptive units in the TVG. Referring to the aftershocks surrounding the 0212 EQ, we further found that (1) they formed a linear seismic zone dipping ∼50° towards the southeast to reach the Shanchiao Fault that cuts through the TVG, (2) focal mechanism of more than half of the larger aftershocks (MD ≥ 1.5) matched this linear seismic zone for a normal faulting, and (3) the seismic b-value was calculated to be 3.55. They are used to delineate the geometry of the Shanchiao Fault at the upper crust and to infer that localized geothermal fluid might have affected the activity of aftershocks as manifested by the very high seismic b-value. The strongly compensated linear vector dipole of the centroid moment tensor suggests the 0212 EQ had a non-double-couple source resulted from the gravitational collapse. Thus, we conclude that the 0212 EQ was a combined synergistic effect of a collapsed reservoir filled with volcanic fluids and faulting activities along the Shanchiao Fault.
- Published
- 2017
50. Questionnaire surveys on damages at high-rise buildings and synthesized near-fault long-period strong ground motions of the 2018 Hualien, Taiwan, earthquake
- Author
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Che Min Lin, Wen Yen Chang, Xin Wang, Masayuki Nagano, Chun Hsiang Kuo, and Hongjun Si
- Subjects
021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Geology ,02 engineering and technology ,Building and Construction ,Fault (geology) ,Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology ,01 natural sciences ,Near fault ,Long period ,Damages ,Microtremor ,Motion generation ,Safety Research ,Source model ,Seismology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,High rise - Abstract
Long-period pulse-like strong ground motions were recorded near the Milun fault and caused serious building damages in the Hualien City during the main shock of the 2018 Hualien, Taiwan, earthquake. In this paper, questionnaire survey on feeling of shaking, indoor damages, structural, and nonstructural damages to high-rise reinforced concrete residential buildings were analyzed by three building groups according to the positions to the Milun fault and different site conditions. Relationships between the results of questionnaire survey on building damages and characteristics of strong ground motions were studied. Furthermore, a characterized seismic source model was proposed to elucidate the generation mechanism of near-fault long-period strong ground motions. In this model, a shallow strong motion generation area (SMGA7) in the south part of Milun fault with rise-time of 2.6 s contributed to the long-period pulse-like strong ground motions. Besides, a deep SMGA (SMGA8) under the SMGA7 with rise-time of 1.2 s also contributed to the strong ground motions. Using this model, strong ground motions at the sites of buildings for questionnaire survey were synthesized. Because of the directivity effects, amplitudes of ground motions were increased from north to south along the Milun fault, which can explain the serious building damages at the buildings located at the southwest to the Milun fault. The reasons of building damages were also examined from the aspect of predominant periods of ground sites and fundamental periods of buildings, which were extracted from microtremor measurement. Damages at the buildings located on the central part of the hanging wall with relatively good site condition were the lightest for almost all the surveyed items. Pulses with period in the range of 1 s–2 s which were generated by the SMGA8 and amplified by the near surface layers are considered to be responsible for building damages.
- Published
- 2021
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