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Example pipeline of region velocity estimation and visulization of steady-state model and dynamical model using EM algorithm in R with Seurat to pretreat scRNA-seq data

Small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMOs) are protein modifiers that can form polymeric chains. They are important signals in cellular processes, and their study and profiling require the development ...

The development of powerful and general methods to acquire ubiquitin (Ub) chains has prompted the deciphering of Ub-mediated processes. Herein, the cysteine-aminoethylation assisted chemical ubiquitination (CAACU) strategy is extended and improved to enable the efficient semi-synthesis of atypical Ub chain analogues and Ub-based probes. Combining the Cys aminoethylation and the auxiliary-mediated protein ligation, several linkage- and length-defined atypical Ub chains including di-Ubs, K27C-linked tri-Ub, K11/K48C-branched tri-Ub, and even the SUMOlated Ub are successfully prepared from recombinantly expressed starting materials at about a 9-20 mg L-1 expression level. In addition, the utility of this strategy is demonstrated with the synthesis of a novel non-hydrolyzable di-Ub PA probe, which may provide a new useful tool for the mechanistic studies of deubiquitinase (DUB) recognition.

Li4Ti5O12 nanosheets (LTONS) embedded in three-dimensional amorphous carbon (3DAC) are fabricated by a facile hydrothermal method. Structure and morphology analyses confirm that the Li2TiO3 impurity phase is effectively suppressed in LTONS@3DAC and that the stacking of LTONS is also significantly inhibited in the porous matrix of the 3DAC, helpfully increasing the lithium ion diffusion coefficient. Compared to LTONS, LTONS@3DAC has a greatly enhanced electrochemical performance, including superior rate capabilities of 146, 142, and 140 mAh g−1 at the current rates of 32, 48, and 64 C, respectively, and an excellent cycling stability of 140 mAh g−1 after 700 cycles at 8 C. Therefore, the LTONS@3DAC composite is promising for applications in superior-rate lithium-ion batteries.

A novel structure of bondwire and microstrip lines for Chip-to-Chip inter-connection up to 130GHz is firstly pre-sented in this paper. Its realization is based on PCB heterogeneous integration process. In order to reduce its high inserted loss which mainly caused of high inductance of the bondwire, the microstrip line of the structure is then optimized. Simulated results show that the minimum insertion loss of 1.0 dB for the structure can be achieved, with the bandwidth more than 35 GHz in bands of 100-135 GHz.

The application of tungsten (W) material is limited due to its intrinsic brittleness at low temperature. W-based multilayer composites are one of the solutions to improve the fracture toughness of W. In this study, a series of tungsten/tantalum (W/Ta) multilayer composites are prepared by diffusion bonding. The interfacial microstructure and fracture toughness under different deformation modes are investigated. It has been found that the flexural strength and fracture toughness loading perpendicular to the W/Ta interface are significantly higher than that loading parallel to the interface. The composites bonded at 1000 °C exhibits the highest flexural strength and fracture toughness. Both the flexural strength and fracture toughness decrease as bonding temperature increases. The decrease of flexural strength is due to recovery and recrystallization of the W layers. The decrease of fracture toughness is mainly attributed to the changes of the interfacial microstructure and fracture mechanism. For the composites bonded at 1000 °C, plastic deformation of the Ta layer and interfacial debonding are the main mechanisms for energy dissipation during crack propagation. As the bonding temperature increases, the decomposition of oxide scale and dynamic recrystallization occur at the vicinity of the W/Ta interface. A layer of fine recrystallization grains is developed at the W/Ta interface when the bonding temperature is higher than 1300 °C. As the interfacial bonding defects decreases, the interfacial bonding strength increases. Therefore, the interfacial debonding is inhibited in the composites bonded at a temperature higher than 1200 °C, instead, multiple tunnel micro-cracks appear in the W layers.

Guanylate cyclase C (GC-C) is an important receptor protein expressed by intestinal epithelial cells, and its dysregulation leads to severe intestinal diseases. Linaclotide is a 14-amino acid peptide approved by the FDA for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C), which activates guanylate cyclase C to accelerate intestinal transit. Drug molecule design based on structural information plays a crucial role and the activity of linaclotide still need to improve, while the structure of linaclotide remains unknown. In this work, linaclotide and its d -enantiomer were obtained through Fmoc solid phase peptide synthesis method and co-crystalized through racemic crystallization. The crystal structure showed that linaclotide has a tight, three-beta turns structure immobilized by three pairs of disulfide bonds.

Snake toxin Calciseptine as a natural antagonist of L-type calcium channel has potential drug values, but its structural information remains unknown. Here, we report the total chemical synthesis of Calciseptine by using hydrazide based native chemical ligation. The crystal structure of Calciseptine was determined by racemic protein crystallography technique. Compared to the structure of its homologous family protein, we found that Calciseptine is adopting a typical three-finger structure.

Graphene materials have recently experienced rapid developments, but large-scale production of high-quality graphene is still desired. Electrochemical exfoliation method is considered as a promising approach to meet this requirement. Here we demonstrate a non-electrified electrochemical exfoliation method to produce high-quality graphene (NEEG) sheets. By direct electrochemical reaction between graphite powders and metallic Li in 1 M LiPF6/propylene carbonate electrolyte, continuous graphite exfoliation is achieved with a high yield of excess 80% without any consumption of electric energy. The as-prepared NEEG has high quality with few defects (ID/IG = 0.45), a high C/O ratio of 27.74 and excellent electronic conductivity of 102.5 S cm−1. As conductive additives in Li4Ti5O12 electrode for lithium ion batteries, NEEG contributes to higher capacity and initial coulombic efficiency than common thermally reduced graphene oxide. Given the advantages of NEEG, the non-electrified electrochemical exfoliation method is promising for the large-scale preparation of high-quality graphene sheets.

Multilayer composites are effective to improve the toughness of Tungsten (W). To demonstrate the toughing mechanism, a series of W/Ti multilayer composites are prepared by diffusion bonding at different temperatures in a spark plasma sintering system. It shows that the mechanical properties of the composites vary with the change of bonding temperature, which is closely related with the microstructures developed at different bonding temperatures. The bending strength of the composites bonding at 1100 °C is highest, which reaches 1847 MPa. However, the composites bonding at 1200 °C has absorbed the highest fracture energy during three-point bending tests. The different microstructures developed at different bonding temperatures are mainly due to the different diffusion behaviors of W and Ti elements. The activation energy of W diffusion into Ti and Ti diffusion into W is 87.69 KJ/mol and 152.20 KJ/mol, respectively. And the diffusion coefficient of W into Ti is two orders of magnitude higher than that of Ti into W. Thus, β-Ti has formed in the Ti layer due to W diffusion into Ti. Although α-Ti is precipitated in the β-Ti, solid solution strengthening is the main strengthening mechanism in the Ti layer. The toughening mechanism of the W/Ti multilayer composites is mainly crack deflection, and the plastic deformation of the Ti layer. Meanwhile, the fracture modes of these composites are proposed.

An efficient method for the assembly of polyUb chains using auxiliary-modified Ub isomers is reported. This strategy takes advantages of auxiliary-mediated native chemical ligation between the distal Ub C-terminal hydrazide and the auxiliary of proximal Ub. Using removable protecting groups, Lys48-linked and Lys6-linked tri-Ub and even a mixed-linkage Lys6, Lys48-linked triUb in multimilligram quantities was made. These results demonstrate that this strategy yields natural polyubiquitin chains of desired length and linkage by using Ub isomer.

MoO2 nanoparticle-modified Li4Ti5O12 materials were prepared via a facile solution-based method. X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) analyses revealed that the MoO2 nanoparticles were anchored on the surface of spinel Li4Ti5O12, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) mapping indicated the MoO2 nanoparticles distributed uniformly. Compared with the pristine Li4Ti5O12, the appropriate amount of MoO2 on the surface of the Li4Ti5O12 could not only effectively reduce the electrochemical polarization of Li4Ti5O12, but also contribute to specific capacity for lithium storage. The 3% MoO2 modified Li4Ti5O12 exhibited excellent rate capability of 116 mA h g−1 at 10 C, and superior cycling performance of 124 mA h g−1 after 450 cycles at 5 C. Since the MoO2 modification process was easy to handle and the source of Mo has affordable costs, MoO2-modified Li4Ti5O12 would be promising for industrial application.

The effect of propylene carbonate (PC)-Li + solvation structures on graphite exfoliation was investigated over a range of concentrations of PC-based electrolytes. At low concentrations of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI) in PC (1.3 M and 2.1 M), the graphite anode was exfoliated. However, the graphite exfoliation could be effectively suppressed when the concentrations of dissolved LiTFSI were increased to 2.5 M and 3.3 M. The results of spectroscopic analyses and density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that electrochemical exfoliation of the graphite anode is closely associated with a special spatial configuration of Li + -(PC) n (1 ≤ n ≤ 4) solvation structures at various Li-salt concentrations and corresponding solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film formation mechanisms. When the concentration of LiTFSI increased from 1.3 to 3.3 M, the spatial configuration of Li + -(PC) n (1 ≤ n ≤ 4) solvation gradually changed from a tetrahedron (occupied space of 10.19 A) to planar (occupied space of 3.05 A), which reduced the structure change for co-intercalation into the graphite interlayers of Li + -(PC) n (1 ≤ n ≤ 4) solvates. Meanwhile, the affinity between Li + -(PC) n (1 ≤ n ≤ 4) solvation cations and TFSI − anions was increased, leading to the significant contribution of TFSI − anions to SEI formation on the surface of graphite. Additionally, Al corrosion was not of concern in concentrated LiTFSI electrolyte. The 3.3 M LiTFSI/PC concentrated electrolyte exhibits promising electrochemical performance in graphite||LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 full cells.

Elongated lamellar bands parallel to rolling plane are usually formed in γ-fiber of Ta W alloys at high strains. However, in this study, a type of lamellar bands oriented with α-fiber is formed in Ta 10 W alloy cold-rolled to 5%. Meanwhile, island equiaxed grains with special orientations can be seen in the lamellar bands. Furthermore, the lamellar bands are not homogenously distributed in the whole samples and concentrated in some elongated-grain bands. Although the lamellar bands are composed of extending planar dislocation boundaries with one or two dislocation cells across, they cannot result from incremental rotation of microbands or microshear bands, since no shear bands appear in these lamellar bands at such low strain. Therefore, the lamellar bands can be initiated by the retained elongated lamellar boundaries after annealing. They show a persistent microstructural feature as the ratio of reduction increases. As the hardness and dislocation density of the persistent lamellar bands is quite different from that of other deformed microstructures, these bands are bad for plastic deformation process. Meanwhile, protrusions at high-angle lamellar boundaries migrating to the recovered lamellar bands are observed during annealing because of the inhomogeneous dislocation microstructure. The lamellar bands can be fully eliminated when the annealing temperature reaches 1500 °C.

Mechanical properties of tungsten (W) multilayer composites can be modified by the toughening layers and interfacial microstructure between W layer and toughening layer. The W/Ta multilayer composite usually shows low tensile strength and toughness because of the low strength of Ta layers and large bonding strength between W layer and Ta layer. In order to improve the strength and toughness of the W/Ta multilayer composite, Ti intermediate layers with different thickness ranging from 30 µm to 100 µm have been added between W layer and Ta layer to get a kind of W/Ti/Ta/Ti multilayer composites. It can be found that the thickness of the Ti layer has a large effect on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the W/Ta multilayer composites. The solid solution with pure β-Ti and β-Ta are formed in the Ti layer when the thickness of Ti layer is lower than 50 µm. Ti layer composed of β-Ti, β-Ta and α precipitates is developed when the thickness of Ti layer is larger than 80 µm. The comprehensive mechanical properties of the W/Ta multilayer composites increase as the thickness of Ti intermediate layer increases. The tensile strength of the W/Ti/Ta/Ti multilayer composites is up to 642 MPa, which is much higher than that of the W/Ta multilayer composites (274 MPa). The tensile strength of these multilayer composites can be evaluated by a modified mix model considering the interfacial stress concentration factor. As the fracture mechanism of the W/Ta multilayer composites is also modified by addition of the Ti layer, the toughness of the W/Ti/Ta/Ti multilayer composites is improved because of the delamination along with the W/Ti interface and plastic deformation of the Ti/Ta/Ti layer in plane stress condition.

The cubic Ca/Ta-substituted Li6.55(La2.95Ca0.05)(Zr1.5Ta0.5)O12 (LLCZTO) electrolytes were synthesized at 800 °C with Li3BO3 as additives. The optimal amount of Li3BO3 and its influences on the microstructure, crystal structures, Li+ conductivity and the stability of the Li6.55(La2.95Ca0.05)(Zr1.5Ta0.5)O12 were studied by SEM, XRD and EIS. Among all the samples, when the molar ratio of Li3BO3 to the Li6.55(La2.95Ca0.05)(Zr1.5Ta0.5)O12 is 4:5, the highest Li+ conductivity of 1.33 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 30 °C is obtained. When the LLCZTO samples are exposed in air, the Li+ conductivity is deteriorated possibly owing to the side reactions between the LLCZTO and the H2O or CO2 in the air. The Li3BO3 addition can alleviate such deterioration of the Li+ conductivity.

Li3.9Cr0.3Ti4.8O12 nanofibers with one-dimensional (1D) morphology and excellent electrical conductivity are prepared via a facile electrospinning technique. The as-prepared Li3.9Cr0.3Ti4.8O12 nanofibers exhibit excellent lithium storage performance with superior rate capability and low-temperature performance: 140 mAh g−1 at 10 C and 91 mAh g−1 at 50 C rates at room temperature, 100 mAh g−1 at 1 C rate at −20 °C. The superior electrochemical performance of Li3.9Cr0.3Ti4.8O12 nanofibers is attributed to the 1D nano-architectures composed of nanocrystals and the reduced grain size in Li3.9Cr0.3Ti4.8O12, both of which facilitate the Li+ ion transport. The Li3.9Cr0.3Ti4.8O12 nanofibers also have a high Ti3+ concentration and an in-situ surface coating layer of Li2CrO4, which could enhance intraparticle and interparticle electronic conductivities of Li3.9Cr0.3Ti4.8O12 grains, respectively.

In order to show the formation mechanism of {001}〈210〉 orientation, a Ta-2.5W alloy was cold rolled to a large strain when many microbands are aligned with rolling direction. The {001}〈210〉 orientation is usually developed in a deformation band with normal direction//〈001〉 next to {111}〈110〉 orientation. The {001}〈210〉 and {111}〈110〉 orientations share a common rotation axis of 〈111〉 and a highly stressed slip system of {110}〈111〉. The orientation relationship between {001}〈210〉 and {111}〈110〉 orientations could be a twin relationship (60°/〈111〉). The {001}〈210〉 orientation is probably developed by the rotation of intra-grain deformation bands, which is related with the shear banding and rigid body rotation. When the strain reaches 90%, deformation bands are crossed by shear bands and the orientations are changed. However, the {001}〈210〉 orientation can still be seen. The {001}〈210〉 oriented grains grow larger during subsequent annealing at 1223 K to 1323 K attribute to the coincident site lattice interfaces.

Acetylation of Atg3 regulates the lipidation of the protein Atg8 in autophagy. The molecular mechanism behind this important biochemical event remains to be elucidated. We describe the first semi-synthesis of homogeneous K19/K48-diacetylated Atg3 through sequential hydrazide-based native chemical ligation. In vitro reconstitution experiments with the semi-synthetic proteins confirm that Atg3 acetylation can promote the lipidation of Atg8. We find that acetylation of Atg3 enhances its binding to phosphatidylethanolamine-containing liposomes and to endoplasmic reticulum, through which it promotes the lipidation process., Acetylation of Atg3 regulates lipidation of Atg8 and therefore autophagy, but the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, Li et al. semi-synthesize diacetylated Atg3, allowing them to show that acetylated Atg3 enhances Atg8 lipidation by promoting interaction of Atg3 with liposomes containing physiological levels of phosphatidylethanolamine.

The work presents a detailed investigation of the microstructure characteristics of the γ-fiber (normal direction// ) in electron beam melted Ta-2.5W alloy subjected to cold rolling. With increasing strain, the average space of microbands decreases towards a saturation value which is about 0.5 μm. The typical microstructure in γ fiber is microbands and shear bands in different appearance. The microbands are relatively straight and aligned close with slip planes when the strain is lower than 60%. The non-crystallographic irregular microbands and shear bands prevail in γ fiber when the strain is larger than 70%. When the strain reaches 90%, a group of parallel macroshear bands are formed. The orientation of γ fiber can spread up to 60°. Both {111} and {001} new orientations are developed in {111} orientation. Many new developed high angle boundaries of these new grains are coincident site lattice boundaries (Σ3 and Σ9). Meanwhile, these new grains and matrix always share a common or with matrix.

Atmosphere lamp in a car is a kind of adornment lamp that builds interior atmosphere, and it can let a person have warm, relaxed, comfortable feeling. This paper makes a simple analysis of the causes of electromagnetic interference in printed circuit board (PCB) wiring by ambient light examples, and increases PCB simulation analysis to help optimize in the design phase. We use the simulation software to analyze the test module, efficiently and accurately find the problem points, save the time and cost for the development of the project.

Native chemical ligation combined with desulfurization has become a powerful strategy for the chemical synthesis of proteins. Here we describe the use of a new thiol additive, methyl thioglycolate, to accomplish one-pot native chemical ligation and metal-free desulfurization for chemical protein synthesis. This one-pot strategy was used to prepare ubiquitin from two or three peptide segments. Circular dichroism spectroscopy and racemic protein X-ray crystallography confirmed the correct folding of ubiquitin. Our results demonstrate that proteins synthesized chemically by streamlined 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) solid-phase peptide synthesis coupled with a one-pot ligation-desulfurization strategy can supply useful molecules with sufficient purity for crystallographic studies.

Tungsten (W) laminate materials are very promising to improve the fracture toughness of tungsten. In this study, four kinds of tungsten laminated composites with different interlayers, including Ta, Ti, Ti/Ta/Ti, and W layers, are fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS). Compared with the W/W, W/Ti and W/Ta multilayer composites, the W/Ti/Ta composites exhibit the highest tensile strength (581 MPa) and elongation (7.9%). It shows that a gradual decrease of strength and a gradual increase of ductility from the W layer to the Ta layer can be obtained in the W/Ti/Ta multilayer composites. The tensile strength of these multilayer composites can be approximately predicted by the modified rule of mix. The toughening mechanism can be attributed to the energy dissipation caused by interfacial debonding, plastic deformation of interlayers, and crack bridging of the intermediate layer. The results show that the mechanical properties of the different tungsten-based multilayers are closely related to the toughening interlayers, which is beneficial to design tungsten laminates with high strength and toughness.

The effect of tungsten content on deformation texture and microstructure of Ta-W alloy is studied. It is found that the increase of tungsten content results in the strengthening of α-fiber and the weakening of γ-fiber in Ta-W alloys. The volume fraction of γ-fiber developed in Ta-10W alloy is lower than that in Ta-2.5W alloys. Meanwhile, a more significant through-thickness texture gradient is formed in Ta-10W alloy. The addition of tungsten has an important effect on the ability cross-slip of dislocations. Therefore, more dislocation loops and activated slip systems can be seen in Ta-2.5W alloy. The size of the dislocation cells in Ta-2.5W alloy is larger than that in Ta-10W alloy. As shear bands tends to appear in γ-fiber, the density of shear bands in the Ta-2.5W alloy is much higher than that of Ta-10W alloy at the same reduction strain. Meanwhile, the wavelength of the wavy shear bands in Ta-10W alloy is smaller than that in Ta-2.5W alloy. In Ta-10W alloy, new grains with Goss orientation can be seen in periodic shear bands developed in {111} orientations, which is different from that in Ta-2.5W alloy.

In this study, a series of the W/Ta multilayer composites are prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS) at different temperature. The relationship between the sintering temperature and tensile properties are investigated in detail. Large equiaxed recrystallization grains appear in the W layers when the sintering temperature reaches 1200 °C. The W/Ta multilayer composites have a better comprehensive performance when the sintering temperature is 1100 °C. The fracture mechanisms of the W/Ta multilayer composites can be divided into two types based on the bonding strength of the interface. When the sintering temperature is lower than 1200 °C, delamination cracks can be seen. Meanwhile, necks and shear cracks appear in the Ta layers. When the sintering temperature reaches 1200 °C, delamination cracks disappear. Meanwhile, a lot of shear bands can be observed in the Ta layers. As the sintering temperature increases, the fracture mode of the W layers changes from transgranular cleavage fracture to intergranular fracture. And the fracture mode of the Ta layers is always ductility fracture. However, the ductility of the Ta layers decreases since the stress state changes from plane stress state to plane strain state. The tensile strength of the W/Ta multilayer composites can be calculated by the proposed model considering the stress concentration factor in the interface.

El presente proyecto tiene como objetivo principal el desarrollo de un método docente basado en las Fichas de Múltiples Respuestas (FMR) aplicado en una asignatura de primer ciclo de ingeniería: Resistencia de Materiales para Grado de Ingeniería de Organización. Las FMRs son una herramienta que automatiza la evaluación personal de los alumnos a través de internet. Estas fichas consisten en una agrupación de cuestiones versátiles con un objetivo didáctico determinado, y a través de la plataforma educativa online de la universidad, en este caso Aulaweb, serán presentados como ejercicios de autoevaluación. La generación de estos ejercicios es fácil y rápida, y la corrección automática. El objetivo fundamental de este método docente es el aprendizaje de los alumnos a través del trabajo personal, poniendo a su disposición herramientas variadas para que trabajen de forma continua, siendo las FMRs la herramienta más importante y versátil de este método. De esta forma se pretende aumentar la motivación de los alumnos para la asimilación de los conceptos, pasando a ser las clases un complemento en este proceso de estudio. Además, esta herramienta presenta la ventaja de hacer el seguimiento de los alumnos durante el curso sin necesidad de un trabajo excesivo por parte de los profesores, ahorrándose el tiempo de la corrección manual. El método docente descrito fue implementado anteriormente en asignaturas de segundo ciclo, y en concreto, en “Estructuras y Construcciones Industriales” del 4º curso de la especialidad de Mecánica Máquinas y posteriormente en “Estructuras” del 4º curso de Ingeniería Mecánica del Grado en Tecnología Industriales. A través de los estudios realizados se ha demostrado la eficacia del método, por lo que este proyecto redefinirá dicho método para adaptarlo y aplicarlo en asignaturas de primer ciclo.

In this work, we describe an accelerated solid-phase synthetic protocol for ordinary or difficult peptides involving air-bath heating and amide protection. For the Hmsb-based backbone amide protection, an optimized acyl shift condition using 1,4-dioxane was discovered. The efficiency and robustness of the protocol was validated in the course of preparation of classical difficult peptides and ubiquitin protein segments.

The NY-ESO-1 (A39-A68) peptide hydrazide was prepared through 9-fluorenyl-methoxycarbonyl solid-phase peptide synthesis (Fmoc SPPS) from a new 9-fluorenyl-methoxycarbonyl hydrazine 2-chlorotrityl chloride (Fmoc-hydrazine 2CTC) resin. The new resin was ideal for long-term storage and usage in Fmoc SPPS. Besides, the title peptide hydrazide could be transformed nearly quantitatively into the corresponding peptide thioester, which was both isolable and usable directly in native chemical ligation (NCL).

Cyclic peptide trypsin inhibitor SFTI-1 was synthesized via intramolecular ligation of a linear peptide hydrazide with high yield. This cyclization strategy did not cause epimerization at the C-terminal Arg residue. CD spectrum and NMR spectroscopy analysis demonstrated that well-folded SFTI-1 could be obtained via standard oxidative folding process. Thus, we present a simple and cost-efficient strategy for the synthesis of SFTI-1.

A novel and simple in-situ solid-state reaction route is developed to synthesize a three-dimensional (3D) porous carbon fiber film-supported Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 membrane electrode. The carbon film is obtained via the carbonization of a bioproduct rice paper (RP). The carbon film can function as both a current collector and a 3D electronic conduction network for the loaded Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 particles. The structure and electrochemical properties of the Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 membrane electrode are characterized. As a free-standing membrane electrode, it exhibits good rate performance at room temperature with a specific capacity of 108 and 142 mAh g −1 at 10 C rate in the voltage range of 3.0–4.3 V and 3.0–4.8 V, respectively. It also shows good cycling performance with a specific capacity of 123 mAh g −1 after 500 cycles at 1 C rate in the voltage range of 3.0–4.8 V.

Lithium-rich layered oxide cathode is a promising high-capacity cathode material for high-energy lithium-ion batteries. However, to achieve its high capacity, the development of high-voltage electrolytes is essential. In this work, trimethyl phosphite (TMP) is investigated as an electrolyte additive for high-voltage lithium-ion batteries using Li 1.2 Mn 0.54 Ni 0.13 Co 0.13 O 2 cathode. When 1% TMP is introduced into the electrolyte, cycling performance and rate capability of the Li 1.2 Mn 0.54 Ni 0.13 Co 0.13 O 2 cathode are improved significantly. The Li/Li 1.2 Mn 0.54 Ni 0.13 Co 0.13 O 2 cell with the TMP-containing electrolyte exhibits high capacity retention of 81.3% after 100 cycles and good rate capability of 150 mA h g −1 at 5 C and 90 mA h g −1 at 10 C, while the capacity of the cell without TMP is 48 mA h g −1 at 5 C. Based on the measurements on impedance spectra and thermal stability, it is concluded that TMP can effectively deactivate the catalyzing effect of some transition metal ions on the surface of the Li 1.2 Mn 0.54 Ni 0.13 Co 0.13 O 2 cathode.