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Current real-time direction judgment systems are inaccurate and insensitive, as well as limited by the sampling rate of analog-to-digital converters. To address this problem, we propose a dynamic real-time direction judgment system based on an integral dual-frequency laser interferometer and field-programmable gate array technology. The optoelectronic signals resulting from the introduction of a phase subdivision method based on the amplitude resolution of the laser interferometer when measuring displacement are analyzed. The proposed system integrates the optoelectronic signals to increase the accuracy of its direction judgments and ensures these direction judgments are made in real time by dynamically controlling the integration time. Several experiments were conducted to verify the performance of the proposed system. The results show that, compared with current real-time direction judgment systems, the proposed system makes accurate judgements during low-speed motions and can update directions within 0.125 cycles of the phase difference change at different speeds. Moreover, a sweep frequency experiment confirmed the system's ability to effectively judge dynamic directions. The proposed system is capable of accurate and real-time directional judgment during low-speed movements of a table in motion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Inhibition of α‐glucosidases is recognised as an effective approach towards managing postprandial hyperglycaemia. This study aimed to identify a specific compound in Carya cathayensis Sarg. kernels (CCSKs) exhibiting strong inhibitory activities against α‐glucosidase and elucidate the inhibitory kinetic mechanism. Employing a bioassay‐guided approach, an α‐glucosidase inhibitor was isolated from CCSKs through sequential chromatography protocol involving AB‐8 macroporous adsorptive resin, Sephadex LH‐20 and C18‐reversed phase silica gel. The resulting inhibitor was a novel tannin compound, identified as rugosin C ethyl ester. Rugosin C ethyl ester displayed superior inhibitory activity (IC50 of 2.60 μg/mL) compared to acarbose (IC50 of 105.95 μg/mL). The kinetic analysis indicated that rugosin C ethyl ester had a mixed‐type reversible inhibition against α‐glucosidase. The inhibition constants (Ki and Kis) were determined to be 3.119 and 0.856 μg/mL, respectively. The findings indicated that rugosin C ethyl ester might serve as a promising functional ingredient in low‐glycemic index foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) enables vehicular data services and applications through vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications. One of the key services provided by IoV is popular content distribution (PCD), which aims to quickly deliver popular content that most vehicles request. However, it is challenging for vehicles to receive the complete popular content from roadside units (RSUs) due to their mobility and the RSUs' constrained coverage. The collaboration of vehicles via vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications is an effective solution to assist more vehicles to obtain the entire popular content at a lower time cost. To this end, we propose a multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (MADRL)-based popular content distribution scheme in vehicular networks, where each vehicle deploys an MADRL agent that learns to choose the appropriate data transmission policy. To reduce the complexity of the MADRL-based algorithm, a vehicle clustering algorithm based on spectral clustering is provided to divide all vehicles in the V2V phase into groups, so that only vehicles within the same group exchange data. Then the multi-agent proximal policy optimization (MAPPO) algorithm is used to train the agent. We introduce the self-attention mechanism when constructing the neural network for the MADRL to help the agent accurately represent the environment and make decisions. Furthermore, the invalid action masking technique is utilized to prevent the agent from taking invalid actions, accelerating the training process of the agent. Finally, experimental results are shown and a comprehensive comparison is provided, which demonstrates that our MADRL-PCD scheme outperforms both the coalition game-based scheme and the greedy strategy-based scheme, achieving a higher PCD efficiency and a lower transmission delay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural killer (NK) cells exert an indispensable role in innate immune responses against cancer progression, however NK cell dysfunction has been rarely reported in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study sought to uncover the immunoregulatory mechanisms of tumor-infiltrating NK cells in HCC. A consensus NK cell-based signature (NKS) was constructed using integrative machine learning algorithms based on multi-omics data of HCC patients. HCC tumors had lower numbers of infiltrating NK cells than para-tumor normal liver tissues. Based on the NK cell-associated genes, the NKS was built for HCC prognostic prediction and clinical utilities. Drug targets and novel compounds were then identified for high-NKS groups. RAC1 was confirmed as the hub gene in the NKS genes. RAC1 was upregulated in HCC tumors and positively correlated with shorter survival time. RAC1 overexpression in NK-92 cells facilitated the cancer-killing capacity by the anticancer cytotoxic effectors and the upregulated NKG2D. The survival time of PDX-bearing mice was also prolonged upon NK-92RAC1 cells. Mechanistically, RAC1 interacted with STAT3 and facilitated its activation, thereby enabling its binding to the promoter region of NKG2D and functioning as a transcriptional regulator in NK-92 via molecular docking, Co-IP assay, CHIP and luciferase experiments. Collectively, our study describes a novel function of RAC1 in potentiating NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity against HCC, highlighting the clinical utilities of NKS score and RAC1high NK cell subset in HCC immunotherapy. • A novel NK cell-based signature (NKS) for HCC prognosis prediction and potential therapeutic targets was established by machine learning algorithms based on multi-omics data. • RAC1high NK cell subset enhanced the cancer-killing capacity by activating STAT3 and upregulating NKG2D against HCC cells. • RAC1high NK cells effectively inhibited the aggressiveness of HCC cells in vitro and in vivo, especially in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. • RAC1high NK cells might be a promising therapeutic option for HCC patients, especially for those with high NKS scores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have emerged as a novel class of semiconductors with promising applications in optoelectronics, owing to their rich and tunable valley fine structure, known as valleytronics. Strain engineering in TMDs presents opportunities to tailor their valley fine structures and band alignment, which greatly expands the potential to investigate their intrinsic properties and improve device performance, thus opening a new field of straintronics. In this review, recent advances in strain‐engineered 2D TMDs are summarized, with a focus on new phenomena and applications enabled by precision tuning of valley physics. The underlying mechanisms and connections are delineated between strain‐induced modifications to the valley fine structures based on intravalley, intervalley, and interlayer band alignment in single and heterostructure TMDs. These insights allow targeted strain control strategies to be devised for optimizing optoelectronic characteristics. This review provides perspectives and guidance on the future directions of valley‐straintronics and flexible 2D optoelectronics using TMDs, highlighting the substantial promise of valley‐strain engineering in TMDs for fundamental valley physics studies as well as practical device applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE-MRI) with respect to their value in the differential diagnosis between benign and malignant mediastinal tumors. Forty-two patients with mediastinal tumor underwent CEUS and CE-MRI respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic coincidence rate, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value of the two methods were compared. The value of different enhancement patterns in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant mediastinal tumors was analyzed. SonoLiver software was used to obtain the dynamic vascular pattern curve (DVPC) of the lesions, and parameters such as arrival time (AT), rise time (RT), time to peak (TTP), maximum intensity/peak intensity (IMAX) and quality of fit (QOF) were extracted from time-intensity curves for quantitative analysis. We found that (i) the specificity of CEUS was higher than that of CE-MRI, and the PPV and diagnostic coincidence rate of CEUS were equal to those of CE-MRI; (ii) the enhancement patterns and DVPC of CEUS differed between the benign and malignant groups, while there was no difference in CE-MRI enhancement intensity; and (iii) AT, RT and TTP in the malignant groups were significantly shorter, while IMAX was significantly higher. In conclusion, the application of quantitative parameters and DVPC of CEUS is worth popularizing. CEUS can be used as an effective alternative and complementary examination for patients who cannot undergo CE-MRI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quality and shelf life of mushrooms are critical to their commercial viability. In this study, the effects of simulated transport vibration on postharvest quality of shiitake mushrooms (Lentinus edodes) were assessed over 12 days of storage. Furthermore, the protective performance of foam cushion material used in packaging during simulated transport was evaluated. Changes in respiration rate, weight loss, browning index, firmness, and malondialdehyde content were measured following vibration treatment. The results revealed that simulated transport vibration contributed to the deterioration of quality of shiitake mushrooms during storage, and the foam cushion material had a protective influence on the maintenance of shiitake mushroom quality. Taken together, our findings suggest that the foam cushion material used in packaging has the potential to improve the quality of shiitake mushrooms and extend their shelf life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the physiochemical properties of corn oil and its oxidative stability in an O/W emulsion were studied following short‐term (120 min) deep‐frying of chicken wing. The results showed that the levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids in corn oil decreased after frying. Furthermore, total polar compound content in frying oil was significantly increased to 11.3%. Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) indicated that hydrolysis and oxidation reactions involving triglycerides occurred after frying. Additionally, the increased a* and b* values demonstrated that deep‐frying greatly enhanced the intensity of the red and yellow colors of corn oil. Frying reduced the oxidative stability of corn oil in an O/W emulsion as determined by the peroxide value and acid value. These findings indicated that short‐term deep‐frying of chicken wing deteriorated the quality of corn oil and decreased its oxidative stability in an O/W emulsion. Consumers should consider the potential hazards of food containing short‐term deep‐frying oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to obtain the purified fractions of Mytilus coruscus polysaccharides (MCPs) and investigate their antioxidant activities. MCPs were prepared through ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic extraction optimized by employing the response surface methodology. A single-factor experiment was conducted using the Box–Behnken design to determine the optimum extraction conditions of MCPs. The ultrasonic power was 60 W, liquid-to-material ratio was 30 mL/g, extraction time was 36 min, extraction temperature was 64 °C, enzyme concentration was 3.2%, and polysaccharide extraction yield was 12.86% ± 0.12%. A novel polysaccharide (MCP1-2) was obtained after the purification with AB-8 macroporous resin, DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow, and Sepharose CL-6B column. The molecular weight of MCP1-2 was estimated to be 134.9 kDa according to high-performance gel permeation chromatography. High-pressure liquid-phase chromatography results showed that MCP1-2 contained mannose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, glucose, galactose, and L-Fuc at a molar ratio of 1.53:1:4.83:81.82:2.36:1.51. Infrared and NMR spectroscopies confirmed that MCP1-2 possessed α- and β- configurations. The antioxidant activities of MCP1-2 were investigated in vitro, and the results showed that MCP1-2 had good antioxidant activity and can be used as a natural antioxidant in food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been no quantitative assessment of the wave attenuation coefficient on the coral reef flat in South China Sea (SCS) previously. Based on MIDAS DWR (Directional Wave Recorder), an in-situ experiment was carried out on a coral reef flat of Yongle Atoll, SCS. Waves and currents were measured at several locations on the reef flat, which were used to estimate wave attenuation due to bottom friction. A spectral wave model based on the action density balance equations is proposed to solve the wave attenuation coefficients on the coral reef flat, which can consider influence of currents. The wave attenuation coefficients due to bottom friction on the coral reef flat were found to be one order of magnitude greater than that recommended in most spectral wave models. Additionally, numerical simulation using a third-generation wave model SWAN was carried out. The simulation results verify in turn that the bottom friction plays a predominant role in the wave attenuation on the coral reef flat. It also captures the main characteristic of wave directional spectra with high precision. The study of the wave attenuation characteristics near islands and reefs will lay a foundation for the mechanism of wave propagating near islands and reefs. • Action density balance equation is proposed to calculate real wave attenuation. • The realistic wave attenuation values are higher than those of spectral wave models. • Observational spectra are used to improve simulating accuracy of wave attenuation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the intricate topography and geomorphology of coral reefs, waves propagating from deep water areas to transitional or shallow water near islands and reefs will exhibit features of wave spectra that are very different from those in the deep sea. Thus, a reconstruction of the wave spectra is necessary. In this study, double Gaussian functions are first proposed to identify the characteristic frequencies of wave bimodal spectra, such as peak frequencies corresponding to the low frequency part and high frequency part, and separation frequencies differentiating between the low frequency part and the high frequency part, based on the observed data of wave spectra in the lagoon near islands and reefs of the South China Sea (SCS). The wave bimodal spectra close to the islands and reefs are then rebuilt using the Ochi-Hubble spectrum type. The high frequency and low frequency portions of the bimodal wave spectra are used to determine the significant wave heights, peak frequency and shape characteristics, respectively. The wave motions exhibit basically linear characteristics when two typical sea conditions, such as summer typhoon waves and winter Northeast monsoon waves, are investigated in detail. The superposition of wind waves and swells on the one hand, and the presence of the bottom on the other, have an impact on the generation of the bi-modal spectrum. The bi-modal spectra that were reconstructed and those that were observed have a correlation coefficient that is greater than 90%. The study on the reconstruction of the bimodal spectrum in the paper will provide a reference for the description of the bimodal spectrum near islands and reefs. • The double Gaussian function model is put forward to determine the characteristic frequency of wave bimodal spectrum. • The wave non-linearity and superposition of the swell and wind part cause the generation of the bi-modal spectrum. • Good consistency between the reconstructed and observed spectra near islands and reefs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The aim of this study was to ascertain whether single nucleotide polymorphisms of cytidine deaminase ( CDA ), a key enzyme in the metabolism pathway of gemcitabine, could predict clinical outcomes of cancer patients with gemcitabine-based chemotherapy. Methods We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE up to January 2013 to identify eligible studies. A rigorous quality assessment of eligible studies was conducted according to the Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. For each included study, the overall survival (OS), overall response rate (ORR) and toxicities were extracted and pooled using random-effects model. Results In total, data from 13 studies were included. CDA 208A > G and CDA 435C > T were not included in quantified synthesis due to limited data. CDA 79A > C polymorphism was not significantly associated with OS; however, patients carrying the variant CDA 79C allele were likely to have a poor survival, hazard ratio (HR) = 1.03, 95% CI 0.957–1.27 (AC + CC vs. AA). CDA 79A > C polymorphism did not correlated with ORR, odds ratio (OR) = 0.719, 95% CI 0.363–1.425 (AC + CC vs. AA). However, patients with the variant CDA 79C allele would experience more grade ≥ 3 leucopenia (OR = 2.933, 95% CI 1.357–6.605) and tended to have more severe neutropenia (OR = 1.313, 95% CI 0.157–10.981). Conclusions These results suggest that CDA 79A > C polymorphisms is a potential biomarker for toxicity of gemcitabine-based chemotherapy and a CDA testing before gemcitabine administration is preferred. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Time synchronization is one of the most fundamental services for wireless sensor networks. Prior studies have investigated the clock stability due to environmental dynamics. In this paper, we demonstrate by experiment that in spite of the surrounding environment, time synchronization is unavoidably impacted by in-network energy heterogeneity, which may incur up to 30-40 ppm clock uncertainty. We mathematically analyze the root cause of such clock uncertainty and propose a protocol called EATS. Sensor nodes with EATS can intelligently select the best synchronization parents that minimize the negative impact of the energy heterogeneity. The selection is robust to multiple impacting factors in the network and provides fine-grained synchronization accuracy. In addition, nodes can make use of local energy information and further calibrate the clocks. In light of this, the logic time maintained among different nodes is more consistent and the synchronization can be performed with a longer re-synchronization interval and less energy consumption. We implement EATS with TelosB motes and evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of our design through extensive experiments and simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Background: Uveal melanoma (UVM) is the most common primary intraocular tumor in adults, with a median survival of 4–5 months following metastasis. DNA damage response (DDR) upregulation in UVM, which could be linked to its frequent activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway, contributes to its treatment resistance. We have reported that embryonic stem cell microenvironments (ESCMe) can revert cancer cells to less aggressive states through downregulation of the PI3K signaling, showing promise in modulating the DDR of UVM. Methods: Since nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) is the main DNA repair mechanism in UVM, this study utilized gene expression analysis and survival prognosis analysis to investigate the role of NHEJ-related genes in UVM based on public databases. Xenograft mouse models were established to assess the therapeutic potential of ESC transplantation and exposure to ESC-conditioned medium (ESC-CM) on key DNA repair pathways in UVM. Quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to analyze NHEJ pathway-related gene expression in UVM and surrounding normal tissues. Apoptosis in UVM tissues was evaluated using the TUNEL assay. Results: PRKDC, KU70, XRCC5, LIG4 and PARP1 showed significant correlations with UM progression. High expression of PRKDC and XRCC5 predicted poorer overall survival, while low PARP1 and XRCC6 expression predicted better disease-free survival in UVM patients. ESCMe treatment significantly inhibited the NHEJ pathway transcriptionally and translationally and promoted apoptosis in tumor tissues in mice bearing UVM. Furthermore, ESC transplantation enhanced DDR activities in surrounding normal cells, potentially mitigating the side effects of cancer therapy. Notably, direct cell-to-cell contact with ESCs was more effective than their secreted factors in regulating the NHEJ pathway. Conclusions: Our results suggest that NHEJ-related genes might serve as prognostic markers and therapeutic targets in UVM. These findings support the therapeutic potential of ESC-based therapy in enhancing UVM sensitivity to radiochemotherapy and improving treatment outcomes while minimizing damage to healthy cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gynura bicolor DC (G. bicolor) is largely consumed as a vegetable in many parts of the world, and due to its content in anthocyanin can be considered as a health-promoting food. This study aimed to characterize the anthocyanin composition of G. bicolor and compare the effect of microwave vacuum drying (MVD) on the anthocyanin content with that of hot air drying (HAD). Anthocyanins were characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS), which accurately identified five anthocyanin compounds. Delphinidin 3- O -neohesperidoside is the main anthocyanin compound found in G. bicolor. MVD decreased the drying time by 89% compared to HAD. MVD retained 87% of the total anthocyanins in G. bicolor , compared to 18% retained by HAD. This study revealed that MVD produced high-quality dried G. bicolor products, while exhibiting reduced processing times compared to those achieved using HAD. • Five anthocyanins were identified in fresh G. bicolor. • MVD significantly reduced the drying time in comparison to HAD. • MVD resulted in more effective preservation of anthocyanins than HAD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract β-lactoglobulin (β-lg), the predominant protein in bovine whey, was chemically modified by (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) to develop a biomacromolecule with antioxidant activity. The EGCG-modified β-lg was characterized by SDS-PAGE, MALDI-TOF MS and intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy. The antioxidant properties of EGCG-modified β-lg was assessed using DPPH radical scavenging activity, iron chelating ability, and inhibition of Cu2+-induced LDL oxidation. SDS-PAGE and MALDI-TOF MS results indicated the dimerization of β-lg after EGCG modification. Intrinsic fluorescence spectra suggested that EGCG modification caused an alteration in the conformational structure of β-lg. The results demonstrated that EGCG-modified β-lg possessed great antioxidant potential in terms of scavenging DPPH radical and chelating ferrous ion. Furthermore, the EGCG-modified β-lg showed a protective effect against LDL peroxidation. The results indicate that EGCG-modified β-lg could provide significant health benefits as an antioxidant. Highlights • Covalent modification by EGCG caused the formation of β-lg dimer. • EGCG modification altered β-lg conformation making it more hydrophilic. • EGCG-modified β-lg is a novel biomacromolecule with antioxidant activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Soy protein isolate (SPI) has promising applications in various food products because of its excellent functional properties and nutritional quality. The structural and emulsifying properties of covalently modified SPI by (−)‐epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG) were investigated. RESULTS: SPI was covalently modified by EGCG under alkaline conditions. SDS‐PAGE analysis revealed that EGCG modification caused crosslinking of SPI proteins. Circular dichroism spectra demonstrated that the secondary structure of SPI proteins was changed by EGCG modification. In addition, the modifications resulted in the perturbation of the tertiary structure of SPI as evidenced by intrinsic fluorescence spectra and surface hydrophobicity measurements. Oil‐in‐water emulsions of modified SPI had smaller droplet sizes and better creaming stability compared to those from unmodified SPI. CONCLUSION: The covalent modification by EGCG improved the emulsifying property of SPI. This study therefore provided an innovative approach for improving the emulsifying properties of proteins. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an energy‐saving and effective physical method, ultrasound technologies are gaining research attention for the production of modified starches. Corn starch–caffeic acid complexes are prepared via ultrasound process, and the effect of ultrasound power on the physicochemical properties and in vitro digestion of the complexes is investigated. The results of Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy and the amount of complexes analysis indicate that ultrasound can help with the formation of starch–caffeic acid complexes, and the amount of caffeic acid in complexes depended on the ultrasound power. Scanning electron microscopy shows starch–caffeic acid complexes exhibit obvious dense network structure with increasing ultrasound power. X‐ray diffraction results indicate the presence of V‐type crystalline polymorph between starch and caffeic acid under high power of ultrasound irradiation. The starch–caffeic acid complexes can significantly inhibit the swelling power of starch granules at high temperature and increase the solubility of starch granules. Furthermore, the in vitro digestion of starch–caffeic acid complexes is estimated, and the result shows that the resulting complexes from ultrasound have lower digestion properties. Taken together, it is proposed that ultrasound technology is an effective method for preparation of starch complexes with potential as a functional food and drug delivery system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The carbonate sand could encounter impact loads causing particle breakage. To study the evolution of particle size distribution (PSD) in breakage state, a series of impact load tests were conducted on carbonate sands. From the results of uniformly graded samples, it is obtained that the fractal dimension and active breakage probability, which is equal to the mass percentage of new particle groups generated from crushing, are the functions of input energy as well as initial mean diameter. An "evolution function" of PSD in breakage state for the uniformly graded sample is established according to the fractal theory, with fractal dimension and active breakage probability as parameters. Based on the evolution functions of multiple uniform graded groups, an "assembly matrix" is proposed and used to describe the PSD evolution for non-uniformly graded sample in breakage state. The test results of non-uniformly graded samples show that this method is feasible. An "evolution function "of particle size distribution (PSD) for uniformly graded carbonate sand under impact load is established from fractal theory, with active breakage probability and fractal dimension as parameters. Based on multiple sets of evolution functions, an "assembly matrix "is proposed to describe the PSD evolution for non-uniformly graded sample. Unlabelled Image • Proposing the concept of "active breakage probability" p B. • p B and fractal dimension D relate to input energy and initial mean diameter. • Establishing PSD evolution function for uniformly graded sample with p B , D. • Calculating PSD of non-uniformly graded sample from that of uniformly graded sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a frequent and serious cardiovascular complication in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on dialysis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of PH and its associated factors in patients with ESRD on maintenance dialysis and predialysis patients.Methods: The medical records of ESRD patients who underwent kidney transplantation between January 2011 and December 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic and clinical characteristics including echocardiographic findings before joining the waiting list for transplantation were evaluated and compared among groups divided according to dialysis or not and dialysis types. The results of transthoracic Doppler echocardiography were used to determine the pulmonary artery pressure. Pulmonary hypertension was defined as a systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP) greater than 35 mmHg. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to investigate factors associated with PH.Results: Data from 35 pre-dialysis patients with ESRD, 72 maintenance hemodialysis (HD) and 34 peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients were analysed. Pulmonary hypertension was 20.69% in pre-dialysis patients, 16.7% in HD patients and 14.7% in PD patients (P=0.957). There were negative correlations between sPAP and calcium (r=-0.230, P=0.012), Ca×P(r=-0.210, P=0.021), hemoglobin (r=-0.243, P=0.008) and a positive correlation between sPAP and cardiac output (r=0.481, P=0.000). Cardiac output (CO) was an independent risk factor of sPAP (B=1.431, confidence interval [CI] 95%: 0.687 to 2.175, P=0.000).Conclusion: Incidence of PH was not statistically different in ESRD patients on dialysis and pre-dialysis patients. Uremia may play a major role in the pathogenesis of PH in patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LncRNAs play crucial roles in the development of various cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Nevertheless, the function of the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) FOXD2‐AS1 in HCC is still poorly understood. In this study, we focused on the role of FOXD2‐AS1 in HCC. We found that FOXD2‐AS1 was significantly upregulated in HCC cells in comparison to normal human liver cells, LO2. In this study, we also demonstrated that miR‐206 expression was greatly reduced in HCC cells. Furthermore, the inhibition of FOXD2‐AS1 repressed HCC cell proliferation, enhanced cell apoptosis, and restrained cell invasion and migration. The knockdown of FOXD2‐AS1 elevated miR‐206 expression, and we validated an interaction between these RNAs. Additionally, miR‐206 mimics inhibited HCC development while miR‐206 mimics had the opposite effect. MAP kinase 1 (MAP3K1) was predicted to be a target of miR‐206. We discovered that FOXD2‐AS1 modulated MAP3K1 expression by sponging miR‐206 in MHCC‐97L and HepG2 cells. Finally, our in vivo experiments validated that the knockdown of FOXD2‐AS1 inhibited HCC progression by modulating the miR‐206/MAP3K1 axis. In conclusion, this work implies FOXD2‐AS1 accelerates HCC progression through sponging miR‐206 and regulating MAP3K1 expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current studies on carbonate soils are mostly directed at carbonate sands rather than widely distributed carbonate gravels. In this study, a series of large-scale direct shear tests were conducted to evaluate the parameters that affect the mechanical behaviours of carbonate gravels, including the particle size, gradation, relative density and normal stress. Simultaneously, several tests on quartz gravels with similar gradations were conducted for a comparison. The experimental results showed that a large cohesion, which is defined as the interlocking cohesion in this paper, appears in carbonate gravels and it increases as the average particle size and relative density increase. The strength envelope of the carbonate gravel with an average particle size greater than or equal to 3.9 mm could be expressed as a broken-line with two straight lines in the stress range of 0–1600 kPa, but for quartz gravel, the broken-line mode appears when the average particle size reaches 7.7 mm. This result could be related to the breakage of the particles. Therefore, a certain number of gravel particles with different sizes and different shapes were coloured to trace the breakage mode of the particles. At the same time, it could be found that the strength of the carbonate gravel is not always greater than that of the quartz gravel with a similar gradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tenebrio molitor is an excellent source of high-quality protein that produces various bioactive peptides. It is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine which has the effect of "activating blood and dissolving stasis". It aimed to obtain antithrombotic peptides from the Tenebrio molitor larvae hydrolysate generated by treatment with pepsin and trypsin. The hydrolysate was subjected to ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration chromatography; the obtained antithrombotic activity values of the fractions were 40.87% and 65.61% at 8.0 mg/mL, respectively. After further preparation by reverse-phase liquid chromatography, the peptides with antithrombotic activity of 28.66% at 0.2 mg/mL were identified by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry as SLVDAIGMGP and AGFAGDDAPR. Both of the peptides were shown to be nontoxic and could interact with thrombin exosite 1 by molecular docking. These results indicate that peptides from Tenebrio molitor might be used as potential antithrombotic components in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wave height distributions of raw waves and wave packets around a reef lagoon of the South China Sea are discussed in this paper. The wave height ratio ρ = H 3 / m 0 is used to assess how far the real wave height distribution deviates from the Rayleigh distribution. The results demonstrate a tendency for raw wave height ratios to decline with the steepness μ = k z H s when μ < 0.2 , where k z is the wave number referred to the mean zero-cross period T z based on the linear dispersion relation. The connection, however, is rather shaky. On the other hand, the relative entropy ε e , which describes the spectral bandwidth, appears to control the wave height ratios ρ. The variational mode decomposition approach is then used to separate the original raw waves into separate wave packets. Meanwhile, the influence of the relative entropy on ρ is eliminated. With respect to the wave packets, ρ decreases with μ. Based on observations, an empirical relationship between ρ and μ is proposed, and a modified Rayleigh distribution (MRD) is also put forward. MRD model accurately predicts the observations when H 2 / m 0 < 20. • A new definition of the relative entropy is put forward to study the distribution of wave heights. • The variational mode decomposition approach is then used to separate the original raw waves into separate wave packets. • It is found that the distribution of the wave packet is controlled by the steepness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The physicochemical and functional properties of covalently modified whey protein isolate (WPI) by (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) were investigated. WPI was chemically modified by EGCG under alkaline conditions. The effect of modification on foaming and emulsifying properties was evaluated. The results of SDS-PAGE and size exclusion chromatography indicated that modification by EGCG induced cross-linking on proteins of WPI. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis illustrated the incorporation of phenolic groups into the modified WPI and the changes in protein secondary structure. Intrinsic fluorescence spectra revealed that modified WPI had a more compact tertiary structure compared to unmodified WPI. The modified WPI exhibited better foaming and emulsifying properties than unmodified WPI. These results suggest that EGCG modification is a potential method for improving the functional properties of WPI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, Ca-α-SiAlON phosphors with compositions of Ca 1− x Eu x Si 9 Al 3 ON 15 ( x =2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5%, 10.0% and 15.0%) were synthesized by heterogeneous precipitation processing. The solid state reaction and nitridation reaction were completed at 1400–1500 °C for 12 h in a flow of N 2 –H 2 (H 2 , 5 vol%). The phase of α-SiAlON was prepared at 1450 °C for 12 h. The phosphors showed strong and broad absorption in the range of 230–530 nm and a broad orange–yellow emission band ranging from 500 to 700 nm for peaking at 582–600 nm which were corresponding to the phosphor prepared by the conventional solid state reaction. The results indicate a concentration quenching effect at x ≥7.5% and a systematic red-shift in emission wavelength as the heat-treatment temperature or the Eu 2+ concentration increases. The quantum efficiency of the sample heat-treated at 1600 °C for 12 h, reached 70.56% (internal) and 45.7% (external) with the 450 nm excitation. The corresponding CCT (Correlated color temperature) range of white LED lamps consisting of a blue LED chip and the Ca-α-SiAlON phosphor can be ranging from 2000 to 2700 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ischemia is the first mechanism that provokes the loss of follicles in ovarian grafts over the long term. In whole ovarian transplantation, it remains unknown, however, how changes in follicular development are influenced by short-term ischemia. Fresh whole ovarian orthotopic auto-transplantation was performed in rabbits with 45 min ischemia, and the impact of ischemia on follicular survival and development status was evaluated at different time-points (1 day, 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks and 1 month). Assessment of follicular quantity and morphology was carried out via histologic analysis. Follicle proliferating status was evidenced by immunostaining with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and the Hedgehog signaling pathway (Patched and Gli); was verified via TUNEL assay. Quantitative PCR was carried out to quantify the mRNA of target genes including PCNA, Patched, Gli, Caspase 3, Bax, and Bcl-2. Compared with its contralateral fresh controls, the morphology, proliferation and apoptosis of the follicles in the grafts showed no significant differences and most primordial follicles were quiescent. However, morphology and proliferation status were significantly decreased 1 week after grafting, in comparison with the longitudinal grafting time. Patched and Gli in the Hedgehog signaling pathway were activated in only the follicles of the grafts. Short-term ischemia slightly impacts follicular survival and development status in whole ovarian grafting. Receiving intervention in the first week post-transplantation might be helpful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lead-free, low-softening point Zn O- Bi2 O3- B2 O3 glass with low permittivity, low loss and small coefficient of thermal expansion was prepared by melt-quenching method. Zn O- Bi2 O3- B2 O3 glass + Al2 O3 system were prepared below 850°C by the conventional ceramic route. Sintering behavior and microstructure of this system were investigated using X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopic techniques. Results revealed that Zn O- Bi2 O3- B2 O3 glass and Al2 O3 reacted during the firing process, which led to the formation of Zn Al2 O4. Glass concentration needed to be 65 wt% for better densification. The dense system sintered at 825°C for 30 min exhibited good dielectric properties: small permittivity of 5.73 and low loss tangent of 8.94 × 10−4 at 1 MHz. Its coefficient of thermal expansion (5.57 × 10−6/K) well matched to that of Ga As chip (5.6 × 10−6/K). The bending strength was also characterized (129.9 MPa). The prepared system was suitable for LTCC application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of whole-ovary perfusion, and to compare the effects of speed-cooling and slow-controlled freezing of whole guinea pig ovaries. Slow-freezing and speed-cooling procedures were performed after perfusion of guinea pig ovaries with cryoprotectants. Ink perfused via the vascular pedicles was present in the microvessels around various follicles at various stages of development in the cortical and medullar regions, thereby confirming that perfusion was effective. Vascular damage was essentially confined to the cannulated artery. Based on histological examination, there were (mean ± SEM) 93.1 ± 4.2, 79.0 ± 2.0, and 54.7 ± 8.5% healthy follicles in the fresh, slow-freezing and speed-cooling groups, respectively (each group differed from the other two, P < 0.05). Trypan blue staining of isolated follicles confirmed that cellular damage was greater following speed-cooling than slow-freezing (58.6 vs 29.2%, P < 0.05). Based on a TUNEL assay, speed-cooling caused more apoptotic granulosa and theca cells in antral follicles than slow-freezing. In conclusion, the present study provided evidence that guinea pig whole ovaries could be perfused with cryoprotectant and cryopreserved in vitro. Furthermore, the slow-freezing protocol resulted in less cellular damage in thawed tissues than speed-cooling. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Despite the theoretical evidence of the utility of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for linkage analysis, no whole-genome scans of a complex disease have yet been published to directly compare SNPs with microsatellites. Here, we describe a whole-genome screen of 157 families with multiple cases of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), performed using 11,245 genomewide SNPs. The results were compared with those from a 10-cM microsatellite scan in the same cohort. The SNP analysis detected HLA*DRB1, the major RA susceptibility locus (p = .00004), with a P p .00004 linkage interval of 31 cM, compared with a 50-cM linkage interval detected by the microsatellite scan. In addition, four loci were detected at a nominal significance level (P<.05) in the SNP linkage analysis; these were not observed in the microsatellite scan. We demonstrate that variation in information content was the main factor contributing to observed differences in the two scans, with the SNPs providing significantly higher information content than the microsatellites. Reducing the number of SNPs in the marker set to 3,300 (1-cM spacing) caused several loci to drop below nominal significance levels, suggesting that decreases in information content can have significant effects on linkage results. In contrast, differences in maps employed in the analysis, the low detectable rate of genotyping error, and the presence of moderate linkage disequilibrium between markers did not significantly affect the results. We have demonstrated the utility of a dense SNP map for performing linkage analysis in a late-age-at-onset disease, where DNA from parents is not always available. The high SNP density allows loci to be defined more precisely and provides a partial scaffold for association studies, substantially reducing the resource requirement for genemapping studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been reported to regulate the gene expression through sponging corresponding microRNAs in multiple malignant tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Up to now, the effects of circ_0001178 in HCC are barely known. In our current work, we tested circ_0001178 expression in HCC tissues and HCC cells and found it was greatly elevated. Then, we evaluated the function of circ_0001178 on HCC cell proliferation. We found HepG2 and Huh-7 cell proliferation was repressed after circ_0001178 shRNA was infected into the cells. Moreover, flow cytometry evidenced that HepG2 and Huh-7 cell apoptosis was markedly triggered and cell cycle was arrested. Meanwhile, it was shown that HCC cell migration and invasion capacity were markedly inhibited by loss of circ_0001178. Knockdown of circ_0001178 restrained HCC tumor growth in vivo. Then, miR-382 was predicted and confirmed as the target of circ_0001178. Circ_0001178 was demonstrated to modulate miR-382 expression negatively. The effect of circ_0001178 on HCC tumor was rescued by miR-382 overexpression. Furthermore, vascular epithelial growth factor A (VEGFA) is identified in various cancers. Currently, VEGFA was proved to be the downstream target of miR-382. To conclude, this research revealed that circ_0001178 induced HCC progression via modulating miR-382 and VEGFA axis. • circ_0001178 was elevated while miR-382 was down-regulated in HCC. • circ_00011178 acted as a sponge of miR-382. • VEGFA functioned as downstream target of miR-382. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacillus anthracis is an extremely dangerous bacterium with high morbidity and mortality. It is thus of great importance to detect Bacillus anthracis or its major biomarker 2,6-pyridine dicarboxylic acid (DPA) in a rapid and sensitive way. Althought metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have found great applications in catalysis and sensing; nevertheless, there are only a few fluorescent MOFs can be used in DAP detections, and the key factors determining the detection sensitivity is not clear yet. In this study, we successfully synthesized a novel nano-sized dual-emitting lanthanide MOF, namely Eu/Tb(BTC), for the high-sensitivity DPA detection. The synthesized Eu/Tb(BTC) showed a remarkable sensitivity, excellent selectivity, and a high accuracy. Through comprehensive characterizations of the microstructure, luminescence properties, and sensing performance of products with different Eu/Tb ratios, the unique capability as a sensitive fluorescent probe (limit of detection 1087 nM) for selectively detecting DPA was demonstrated. More importantly, a possible route to control the sensitivity of detection by controlling the original energy transfer efficiency between Eu3+ and Tb3+ was revealed. This work not only provides an excellent nano-probe for qualitative and quantitative detection of biomarker of Bacillus anthracis, but also reveals an important rule for improving the sensitivity of sensing systems. • A new type of lanthanide MOF with dual-emitting centers for ratiometric sensing of DPA molecules was reported. • The nano-sensors showed excellent sensitivity, outstanding selectivity, and superior accuracy for detection of DPA. • The effect of energy transfer efficiency on the detection sensitivity in the DPA detection system was revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subcritical dimethyl ether extraction (SDEE) was applied in the preparation of liver protein powder (LPD) in this paper. As expected, the lipids and water in tuna liver were co-removed by SDEE, and LPD with a high protein content could be obtained. Besides that, the maximal protein content (88.51%) of LPD was obtained by optimized extraction conditions (liquid-solid ratio 34 mL/g, time 70 min and stirring speed 945 rpm). Furthermore, the traditional preparation technique, pH-shift, was used for comparisons. Compared with pH-shift, the higher quality LPD could by obtain by SDEE with slight fishy and excellent yield, because of SDEE could prevent the loss of nutrition constituents and remove more flavor-active components. Moreover, the functional properties of prepared LPDs were compared with soybean protein powder (SPD) and egg white powder (EWP). The results showed that the LPD prepared by SDEE possessed the greater capacities in foaming, foam stability and fat absorption. Therefore, SDEE, with the advantages of no freeze-drying procedure and relatively low pressure, would be a better alternative to prepare high-quality protein powder in the food industry. • Application of subcritical dimethyl ether in the preparation of liver protein powder. • Response surface methodology was used for optimization of preparation conditions. • The powder with a high protein content could be obtained from high-mositure liver within 70 min. • The nutritional value and functional properties of prepared protein powder were desirable. • This method is more convenient and affordable than pH-shift method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• G328Z-ICOSL-41BB T cells show stronger function to GPC3+ tumor cells in vitro. • G328Z-ICOSL-41BB T cells inhibit apoptosis by activating PI3K pathway. • G328Z-ICOSL-41BB T cells enhance antitumor effect in vivo. T cells edited by chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) have shown great potential in the treatment of tumors, especially malignant blood tumors. However, there remain many obstacles in the CAR-T therapy against solid tumors, such as the expansion of CAR-T cells ex vivo and the exhaustion of CAR-T cells in vivo. In order to solve these problems, we described a novel CAR which is targeting GPC3 by expressing CD28 co-stimulation domain and CD3z ITAM (G328z), meanwhile co-expressing ICOSL extracellular and transmembrane region fused with 41BB cytoplasmic domain (G328z-ICOSL-41BB). Compared with G328z, G328z-ICOSL-41BB fusion protein significantly reinforced the expansion ability of CAR-T cells ex vivo, and prolonged the survival time of mice with hepatocellular carcinoma. We now demonstrate that the enhancement of CAR-T cell activity is dependent on the enhanced PI3K signaling pathway and up-regulated expression of Bcl2 to inhibit apoptosis and promote proliferation of CAR-T cells. Besides, the CAR with ICOSL-41BB fusion protein have been strengthened significantly in comparison with fusing ICOSL protein only, which might be caused by the fact that ICOSL-41BB not only supplies ICOS signal for other cells, but also provides 41BB signal for itself. Consequently, CARs with ICOSL-41BB fusion protein could increase the therapeutic efficacy against solid tumors in vivo compared with the G328z CAR, which might further assist the development of potent and durable T cell therapeutics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work was aimed at producing peptides containing iron‐binding capabilities from scad (Decapterus maruadsi) processing by‐product with alcalase hydrolysis. The chelating peptides were purified by ultrafiltration, immobilized‐metal affinity chromatography, gel filtration chromatography, and reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography. A novel iron‐binding peptide was purified with 1,386.63 Da molecular weight and amino acid sequence of QKGTYDDYVEGL. The peptide binds to iron mainly through carboxyl and hydroxyl oxygen bonds. The iron‐binding peptide can significantly promote the absorption of inorganic iron in Caco‐2 cells. These results have contributed to development of the peptide from scad processing by‐products hydrolyzate in iron supplementations. Practical applications: Iron deficiency is one of the most common and widespread nutritional disorders in the world. Iron‐peptide chelates may be suitable for iron‐fortification. Our study shows that a peptide purified from scad processing by‐product has iron‐chelating activity, and significantly increases iron absorption by Caco‐2 cells. Hence, this peptide has potential application as a novel carrier for enhancing iron absorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Glycaemic control is one of the most effective strategies for the treatment of diabetes-related erectile dysfunction (DMED). Compared to conventional anti-diabetic drugs and insulin, islet transplantation is more effective in the treatment of diabetic complications. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of islet transplantation for reversing advanced-stage DMED in rats and to observe its influence on corpus cavernosum fibrosis. Methods: Wistar rats were intraperitoneally injected with streptozotocin to establish a diabetes model. After 12 weeks, the rats were divided into 4 groups: diabetic, insulin, islet transplantation, and normal control. Following supplementation, the changes in blood glucose and weight were determined sequentially. Penile erectile function was evaluated by apomorphine experiments in the fourth week, and the penile corpus cavernosum was also collected for assessment by Masson staining, immunohistochemistry and Western blot to observe the spongy tissue and the related cellular changes at the molecular level. Results: Islet transplantation significantly ameliorated penile erectile function in advanced-stage diabetic rats. The ratio of corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells to fibroblasts and the expression level of α-SMA in the islet transplantation group were significantly higher than those in the diabetic and insulin groups. In addition, the expression levels of TGF-β1, p-Samd2, and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in the islet transplantation and insulin groups were much lower than those in the diabetic group, while those in the islet transplantation group were significantly lower than those in the insulin group. Conclusions: Our findings strongly suggest that islet transplantation can promote the regeneration of smooth muscle cells and ameliorate corpus cavernosum fibrosis to restore its normal structure in advanced-stage diabetic rats. The possible mechanism of ameliorating corpus cavernosum fibrosis by islet transplantation may be associated with improvement of the hyperglycaemic status in diabetic rats, thereby inhibiting the TGF-β1/Samd2/CTGF pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]