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Spatialization and analysis of the gross domestic product of second and tertiary industries (GDP23) can effectively depict the socioeconomic status of regional development. However, existing studies mainly conduct GDP spatialization using nighttime light data; few studies specifically concentrated on the spatialization and analysis of GDP23 in a built-up area by combining multi-source remote sensing images. In this study, the NPP-VIIRS-like dataset and Sentinel-2 multi-spectral remote sensing images in six years were combined to precisely spatialize and analyze the variation patterns of the GDP23 in the built-up area of Zibo city, China. Sentinel-2 images and the random forest (RF) classification method based on PIE-Engine cloud platform were employed to extract built-up areas, in which the NPP-VIIRS-like dataset and comprehensive nighttime light index were used to indicate the nighttime light magnitudes to construct models to spatialize GDP23 and analyze their change patterns during the study period. The results found that (1) the RF classification method can accurately extract the built-up area with an overall accuracy higher than 0.90; the change patterns of built-up areas varied among districts and counties, with Yiyuan county being the only administrative region with an annual expansion rate of more than 1%. (2) The comprehensive nighttime light index is a viable indicator of GDP23 in the built-up area; the fitted model exhibited an R2 value of 0.82, and the overall relative errors of simulated GDP23 and statistical GDP23 were below 1%. (3) The year 2018 marked a significant turning point in the trajectory of GDP23 development in the study area; in 2018, Zhoucun district had the largest decrease in GDP23 at −52.36%. (4) GDP23 gradation results found that Zhangdian district exhibited the highest proportion of high GDP23 (>9%), while the proportions of low GDP23 regions in the remaining seven districts and counties all exceeded 60%. The innovation of this study is that the GDP23 in built-up areas were first precisely spatialized and analyzed using the NPP-VIIRS-like dataset and Sentinel-2 images. The findings of this study can serve as references for formulating improved city planning strategies and sustainable development policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose Experimental Approach Key Results Conclusion and Implications Insulin and exenatide are two hypoglycaemic agents that exhibit different osteogenic effects. This study compared the differences between exenatide and insulin in osseointegration in a rat model of Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and explored the mechanisms promoting osteogenesis in this model of T2D.In vivo, micro‐CT was used to detect differences in the peri‐implant bone microstructure in vivo. Histology, dual‐fluorescent labelling, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry were used to detect differences in tissue, cell and protein expression around the implants. In vitro, RT‐PCR and western blotting were used to measure the expression of osteogenesis‐ and Wnt signalling‐related genes and proteins in bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) from rats with T2D (TBMSCs) after PBS, insulin and exenatide treatment. RT‐PCR was used to detect the expression of Wnt bypass cascade reactions under Wnt inactivation.Micro‐CT and section staining showed exenatide extensively promoted peri‐implant osseointegration. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments showed exenatide substantially increased the expression of osteogenesis‐related and activated the LRP5/6/GSK‐3β/β‐catenin‐related Wnt pathway. Furthermore, exenatide suppressed expression of Bmpr1a to inhibit lipogenesis and promoted expression of Btrc to suppress inflammation.Compared to insulin, exenatide significantly improved osteogenesis in T2D rats and TBMSCs. In addition to its dependence on LRP5/6/GSK‐3β/β‐catenin signalling for osteogenic differentiation, exenatide‐mediated osteomodulation also involves inhibition of inflammation and adipogenesis by BMPR1A and β‐TrCP, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a novel phase change material, germanium antimony telluride (Ge3Sb2Te6) possesses the potential in the field of metasurface to dynamically manipulate wavefront and polarization of electromagnetic wave. In this work, Ge3Sb2Te6 meta‐atoms are designed for the generation of Airy beam. Relying on the advantage of Ge3Sb2Te6 rod and gold substrate, tunable reflective phase and amplitude of meta‐atom are realized through different rotation angles of Ge3Sb2Te6 rod. Due to the unique characteristics of Ge3Sb2Te6, meta‐atom can flexibly change between half‐wave plate and mirror reflector. As crystalline Ge3Sb2Te6 is adopted, cross‐polarized wave is generated by meta‐atom with a peak polarization conversion ratio (PCR) of 98% at 77.6 THz. On the contrary, as amorphous Ge3Sb2Te6 is employed, PCR is below 5%. Then, two exemplary metasurfaces are implemented as Airy beam generator and Airy beam focuser, and simulated results have a remarkable advantage of an overall bandwidth over 10 THz. The proposed metasurface may be applied in beam shaping and telecommunication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess whether total-body [68 Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT could improve the detection rate compared with conventional [68 Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT in patients with biochemical recurrent prostate cancer. Methods: Two hundred biochemical recurrent prostate cancer patients with similar clinicopathological characteristics were included, of whom 100 patients underwent early total-body [68 Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT and diuretic-delayed total-body [68 Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT, and the other 100 patients received early conventional [68 Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT and diuretic-delayed conventional [68 Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT. The detection rates of total-body [68 Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT and conventional [68 Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT were compared using a chi-square test and stratified analysis. The image quality of total-body [68 Ga]Ga-PSMA PET/CT and conventional [68 Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT was compared based on subjective scoring and objective parameters. Subjective scoring was conducted from background noise and lesion prominence using a 5-point scale. Objective parameters were evaluated by SUVmax, SUVmean, the standard deviation (SD) of SUV, and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of liver and gluteus maximus. The SUVmax of the recurrent lesions was also measured. Results: The liver SD of the total-body [68 Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT was significantly lower than that of conventional [68 Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT, the SNR was significantly higher than that of conventional [68 Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT, and the subjective evaluation was significantly better than that of conventional [68 Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT. The detection rate of total-body [68 Ga]Ga-PSMA PET/CT for biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer was significantly higher than that of conventional [68 Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT (91.0% vs. 74.0%, P = 0.003). Total-body [68 Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT had better detection efficiency for patients with a Gleason score ≤ 8 or PSA ≤ 2 ng/ml. The advantages of diuretic-delayed total-body [68 Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT were more obvious. Conclusion: Total-body [68 Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT could significantly improve the detection rate compared with conventional [68 Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT in patients with biochemical recurrent prostate cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 (gallium-68-labeled fibroblast activation protein inhibitor-04) PET/CT has been widely used in diagnosing malignant tumors. Total-body PET/CT has a long axial field of view and provides higher sensitivity compared to traditional PET/CT. However, whether the reduced injected dose of [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 could obtain qualified imaging has not been evaluated. Purpose: To explore the effect of half-dose [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 on image quality and tumor detectability in oncology patients. Methods: A total of twenty-seven patients with tumors or clinically suspected tumors were included, and all patients were scanned with total-body PET/CT after an injected dose of 0.84–1.14 MBq/kg [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-04. All patients obtained superior image quality with 300 s original acquisition time. Images were reconstructed using 180 s, 120 s, 60 s, 40 s, 30 s, 20 s scanning duration by ordered subset expectation maximization algorithm. The subjective image quality of all patients in each time group was scored using 5-point Likert scale. Mediastinal blood pool, liver, spleen, and muscle were analyzed as background using semi-quantitative parameters maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax), mean standardized uptake values (SUVmean), standard deviation (SD), and signal to noise ratio (SNR). The lesion detection rate, SUVmax, and tumor-to-background ratio (TBR) were calculated for tumors confirmed by pathology. Results: The subjective image quality score decreased with the shortening of scanning time; however, both 180 s and 120 s images met the diagnostic requirements in terms of overall quality, lesion conspicuity, and image noise. The SUVmax of background increased with the reduction of scanning time, while the SUVmean was relatively stable. With the shortening of scanning time, the SD gradually increased, and the SNR gradually decreased, which was consistent with subjective image quality scores. In 180 s and 120 s images, all 11 primary lesions and 79 metastatic lesions were detected. The SUVmax of tumor focus showed an increasing trend as same as the background. Compared with 300 s, the TBR muscle had no statistical difference in 180 s and 120 s. Conclusions: Half-dose [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 in total-body PET/CT imaging can shorten the acquisition time to 120 s with acceptable subjective image quality and 100% tumor detection rate. Total-body PET/CT imaging with a half-dose [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 and reduced acquisition time can be used in radiation-sensitive and poor tolerant to prolong horizontal positioning and waiting time populations such as children and gravidas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MXene materials have shown numerous useful mechanical and electronic properties, and have been found to possess nice potential in the field of optical modulation. Here, we fabricated a MXene Cr2C saturable absorber by the liquid-phase exfoliation method, and systemically analyzed the surface morphology and nonlinear properties of the Cr2C sample. Applying the Cr2C saturable absorber as a Q-switch in a thulium-doped yttrium aluminum perovskite (Tm: YAP) laser, the shortest single pulse was obtained with a width of 602 ns under an absorbed pump power of 3.3 W at a repetition rate of 55 kHz with a T = 1% output coupler. The maximum output power was obtained with a T = 5% output coupler at a repetition rate of 58 kHz. The obtained maximum pulse energy and peak power were 3.96 μJ and 4.36 W, separately, which reveal that the MXene Cr2C can be applied as a promising modulation material in the near-infrared pulsed lasers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two aplysiatoxin derivatives, neo-debromoaplysiatoxin I (1) and neo-debromoaplysiatoxin J (2), were isolated from marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya sp. collected from the South China Sea. Their structures including absolute configurations were assigned by spectroscopic analysis, in combination with GIAO NMR shift calculation and DP4+ analysis. Structures of neo-debromoaplysiatoxin I and neo-debromoaplysiatoxin J contained a decahydro-5H-pyrano [2,3,4-de] chromen-5-one 6/6/6 ring skeleton and an intriguing peroxide bridge group, respectively, which are unprecedented structure scaffold and motif in aplysiatoxins. Two compounds displayed comparable inhibitory activities against Kv1.5 K+ channel with IC50 values of 2.59 ± 0.37 μM (1) and 1.64 ± 0.15 μM (2); however, they presented differential cytotoxic effects. It is worth noting that neo-debromoaplysiatoxin J, containing a peroxide bridge, showed remarkable cytotoxicity against four cancer cell lines including SW480, SGC7901, LoVo and PC-9 compared to the human normal cell line. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Rucaparib, an FDA-approved PARP inhibitor, is used as a single agent in maintenance therapy to provide promising treatment efficacy with an acceptable safety profile in various types of BRCA-mutated cancers. However, not all patients receive the same benefit from rucaparib-maintenance therapy. A predictive biomarker to help with patient selection for rucaparib treatment and predict clinical benefit is therefore warranted. With this aim, we developed [18F]rucaparib, an 18F-labelled isotopologue of rucaparib, and employed it as a PARP-targeting agent for cancer imaging with PET. Here, we report the in vitro and in vivo evaluation of [18F]rucaparib in human pancreatic cancer models. Method: We incorporated the positron-emitting 18F isotope into rucaparib, enabling its use as a PET imaging agent. [18F]rucaparib binds to the DNA damage repair enzyme, PARP, allowing direct visualisation and measurement of PARP in cancerous models before and after PARP inhibition or other genotoxic cancer therapies, providing critical information for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Proof-of-concept evaluations were determined in pancreatic cancer models. Results: Uptake of [18F]rucaparib was found to be mainly dependent on PARP1 expression. Induction of DNA damage increased PARP expression, thereby increasing uptake of [18F]rucaparib. In vivo studies revealed relatively fast blood clearance of [18F]rucaparib in PSN1 tumour-bearing mice, with a tumour uptake of 5.5 ± 0.5%ID/g (1 h after i.v. administration). In vitro and in vivo studies showed significant reduction of [18F]rucaparib uptake by addition of different PARP inhibitors, indicating PARP-selective binding. Conclusion: Taken together, we demonstrate the potential of [18F]rucaparib as a non-invasive PARP-targeting imaging agent for pancreatic cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effective short-term wind power prediction is crucial to the optimal dispatching, system stability, and operation cost control of a power system. In order to deal with the intermittent and fluctuating characteristics of the wind power time series signals, a hybrid forecasting model is proposed, based on Complementary Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (CEEMD) and Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA)-Kernel Extreme Learning Machine (KELM), to predict short-term wind power. Firstly, the non-stationary wind power time series was decomposed into a series of relatively stationary components by CEEMD. Then, the components were used as the training set for the KELM prediction model, in which the initial values and thresholds were optimized by WOA. Finally, the predicted output values of each component were superimposed, to obtain the final prediction of the wind power values. The experimental results show that the proposed prediction method can reduce the complexity of the prediction with a small reconstruction error. Furthermore, performance is greater, in terms of prediction accuracy and stability, with lower computational costs than other benchmark models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Compared with singleton pregnancy, twin gestation is featured by a greater increase in cardiac output. Therefore, norepinephrine might be more suitable than phenylephrine for maintaining blood pressure during cesarean section for twins, as phenylephrine causes reflex bradycardia and a resultant decrease in cardiac output. This study was to determine whether norepinephrine was superior to phenylephrine in maintaining maternal hemodynamics during cesarean section for twins. Methods: Informed consent was obtained from all the patients before enrollment. In this double-blinded, randomized clinical trial, 100 parturients with twin gestation undergoing cesarean section with spinal anesthesia were randomized to receive prophylactic norepinephrine (3.2 μg/min) or phenylephrine infusion (40 μg/min). The primary outcome was the change of heart rate and blood pressure during the study period. The secondary outcomes were to compare maternal complications, neonatal outcomes, Apgar scores and umbilical blood acid-base status between the two vasopressors. Results: There was no significant difference observed for the change of heart rate between two vasopressors. The mean standardized area under the curve of heart rate was 78 ± 12 with norepinephrine vs. 74 ± 11 beats/min with phenylephrine (mean difference 4.4, 95%CI − 0.1 to 9.0; P =.0567). The mean standardized area under the curve of systolic blood pressure (SBP) was significantly lower in parturients with norepinephrine, as the mean of differences in standardized AUC of SBP was 6 mmHg, with a 95% CI from 2 to 9 mmHg (P =.0013). However, requirements of physician interventions for correcting maternal hemodynamical abnormalities (temporary cessation of vasopressor infusion for reactive hypertension, rescuing vasopressor bolus for hypotension and atropine for heart rate less < 50 beats/min) and neonatal outcomes were also not significantly different between two vasopressors. Conclusion: Infusion of norepinephrine was not associated with less overall decrease in heart rate during cesarean section for twins, compared with phenylephrine. Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR1900021281). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reverse top-k keyword-based location query (RTkKL), aims to find the maximum spatial region such that the query object is contained in the result of any top-k spatial keyword query with users' queried keywords and any location in the region as arguments. Existing efforts on RTkKL find the objects in the Euclidean space. In this paper, we study the problem of reverse top-k keyword-based location query on road networks. We propose two methods. One is based on mark vertex, and the other is based on bisector. For the mark vertex based method, we identify the mark vertex according to the definition of RTkKL on road networks. Based on the mark vertex, we will get the mark segments in the result. For the bisector-based method, we find the border points for the query q and some objects. With Dijkstra algorithm, we start from the query point q. For each closed edge, whose two adjacent vertices have been extracted from the min heap, we would search the border points on the edge, and count the border points for the adjacent vertex. For each method, we propose effective pruning strategy to reduce the search range and computation cost. Finally, experiments demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we disclose that pyridinium salts derived from abundant (hetero)anilines represent a novel precursor class for nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions with [18F]fluoride. The value of this new 18F‐fluorodeamination is demonstrated with the synthesis of over 30 structurally diverse and complex heteroaryl 18F‐fluorides, several derived from scaffolds that were yet to be labelled with fluorine‐18. The protocol tolerates heteroarenes and functionalities commonly found in drug discovery libraries, and is amenable to scale‐up and automation on a commercial radiosynthesiser. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we disclose that pyridinium salts derived from abundant (hetero)anilines represent a novel precursor class for nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions with [18F]fluoride. The value of this new 18F‐fluorodeamination is demonstrated with the synthesis of over 30 structurally diverse and complex heteroaryl 18F‐fluorides, several derived from scaffolds that were yet to be labelled with fluorine‐18. The protocol tolerates heteroarenes and functionalities commonly found in drug discovery libraries, and is amenable to scale‐up and automation on a commercial radiosynthesiser. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Pairwise meta-analysis＆network meta-analysis were performed, respectively. • Bayesian/frequentist network meta-analysis were also performed. • Risk bias was evaluated using the GRADE＆CINeMA. • Laser assisted MD is superior to MD alone in treating peri-implantitis. • Er:YAG/diode lasers gain better anti-inflammation＆aPDT gains better regeneration. Peri-implantitis is a major factor responsible for a decrease in the long-term success rate of implants. Conventional mechanical debridement (MD) is not efficient enough to clear plaque from the surface of rough-threaded implants. Additional laser therapy may compensate for this deficiency and promote tissue regeneration by photobiomodulation. To evaluate the efficacy and ranking of adjuvant laser therapy for peri-implantitis with regards to inflammation control and tissue regeneration, data analysis of diode laser, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) and solid-state laser (erbium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet laser (Er:YAG) and erbium, chromium-doped yttrium, scandium, gallium and garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG)) for inflammation-related indicators, such as peri-implant probing depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP), sulcular bleeding index (SBI), and plaque index (PLI), as well as regeneration-related indicators, such as clinical attachment level (CAL) and radiographic bone fill (RBF) were included in the systematic review and network meta-analysis. The EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and PubMed databases were searched till 12 March 2022 for records of randomised controlled blind clinical trials with a 24-week follow-up. World Health Organization-International Clinical Trial Registry Platform and ClinicalTrials.gov were used to revalidate the included trials and to search for completed but unpublished trials on 26 March 2022. We included four laser therapies for patients with peri-implantitis and bone defects, excluding single- or multi-arm clinical trials lacking laser-assisted MD. We extracted the general characteristics and associated outcomes from the included studies. The risk of bias was assessed according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, and evidence certainty was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation framework (GRADE) and confidence in network meta-analysis (CINeMA).The primary outcomes of the pairwise meta-analysis were PPD, BOP, CAL, PLI, and RBF, whereas those of the network meta-analysis were PPD, SBI, CAL, PLI, and RBF; all estimated weighted mean differences were under a random effects model. The PROSPERO number for this study is CRD42022334800. A total of 18 studies with 901 participants were included. In the pairwise meta-analysis, MD with laser assistance performed better than MD alone for all outcomes. Among the outcomes, compared with MD alone, aPDT as an adjunct was significantly more effective in reducing BOP (weighted mean difference (WMD) = 8.20, 95% confidence interval (CI) range: 5.03–11.37), CAL (WMD = 0.44, 95% CI range: 0.40–0.48) and increasing RBF (WMD = 0.22, 95% CI range: 0.10–0.34), while diode laser as an adjunct (WMD = 0.28, 95% CI range: 0.08–0.47) was significantly more effective in PLI reduction. In network meta-analysis, aPDT as an adjunct was significantly more effective than MD alone in improving PPD (WMD = 0.67, 95% CI range: 0.44–0.87), CAL (WMD = 0.51, 95% CI range: 0.16–0.88) and RBF (WMD = 0.22, 95% CI range: 0.03–0.45). In terms of PPD reduction, both MD with adjuvant Er,Cr:YSGG and Er:YAG demonstrated significant advantages over adjuvant diode laser (WMD = 0.43, 95% CI range: 0.01–0.83 and WMD = 0.82, 95% CI range: 0.12–1.53, respectively) or MD alone (WMD = 0.69, 95% CI range: 0.44–0.9 and WMD = 1.09, 95% CI range: 0.49–1.68, respectively). The probability of optimal treatment from the Bayesian network meta-analysis exhibited that Er:YAG + MD (88.4%), Er:YAG + MD (76.6%), aPDT + MD (92.5%), and diode laser + MD (63.3%) ranked first in PPD, SBI, CAL, and PLI improvement in peri-implantitis, respectively. However, there was a contradiction between the Bayesian network meta-analysis (Er:YAG + MD: 45.9%) and frequentist network meta-analysis (aPDT + MD: 48.5%) for the best efficacy ranking probability of RBF. Of the 18 trials, the certainty of the evidence ranged from high to very low, with three (16.7%) rated as high risk of bias, 14 (77.8%) at moderate risk of bias, and one (0.6%) at low risk of bias. The current evidence suggests that laser-assisted MD is superior to MD alone in the treatment of peri-implantitis. Compared with other adjuvant laser therapies, Er:YAG and diode lasers were more effective in reducing inflammation, whereas aPDT could further achieve tissue regeneration for the treatment of peri-implantitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We discuss the stabilisation problem of a constrained one-link flexible arm with boundary disturbance flowing to the control end. By the active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) approach, we first design a time varying high gain extended state observer to estimate the disturbance, and then give a feedback controller to eliminate the negative effect of the disturbance. The well-posedness of the closed-loop system is proved by the semigroup theory. Moreover, under different assumptions of the time varying high gain function, we obtain the asymptotical stability and the exponential stability of the closed-loop system, respectively. Finally, some numerical simulations are presented to support the theoretical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A dual-beam planar slow wave structure (SWS), named dielectric supported ring-bar SWS is proposed in this paper. The planar SWS is supported by two dielectric rods at the side edges, making it fit for dual sheet beam operation. The high frequency and transmission characteristics of the proposed SWS are investigated. The backward-wave oscillation and higher harmonic waves are effectively suppressed by setting two cathodes in the same plane parallel to the SWS and negative phase-velocity jumping. The hot performance of the proposed SWS is carried out by using particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation, in which two sheet electron beams (9.7 kV, 0.2 A) are employed to provide direct current power. With an input power of 1W, the output power is 180 W at 38 GHz and the corresponding gain is 22.6 dB. Besides, after adding dielectric rods to the output part, the entire structure dissipates heat well by thermal analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RNA helicase DDX21 plays vital roles in ribosomal RNA biogenesis, transcription, and the regulation of host innate immunity during virus infection. How DDX21 recognizes and unwinds RNA and how DDX21 interacts with virus remain poorly understood. Here, crystal structures of human DDX21 determined in three distinct states are reported, including the apo‐state, the AMPPNP plus single‐stranded RNA (ssRNA) bound pre‐hydrolysis state, and the ADP‐bound post‐hydrolysis state, revealing an open to closed conformational change upon RNA binding and unwinding. The core of the RNA unwinding machinery of DDX21 includes one wedge helix, one sensor motif V and the DEVD box, which links the binding pockets of ATP and ssRNA. The mutant D339H/E340G dramatically increases RNA binding activity. Moreover, Hill coefficient analysis reveals that DDX21 unwinds double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) in a cooperative manner. Besides, the nonstructural (NS1) protein of influenza A inhibits the ATPase and unwinding activity of DDX21 via small RNAs, which cooperatively assemble with DDX21 and NS1. The structures illustrate the dynamic process of ATP hydrolysis and RNA unwinding for RNA helicases, and the RNA modulated interaction between NS1 and DDX21 generates a fresh perspective toward the virus–host interface. It would benefit in developing therapeutics to combat the influenza virus infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a new inflammatory marker; the relationship between NLR and adverse cardiovascular (CV) prognosis has been gradually emphasized in the general population. However, their association in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients remains unclear. Methods. From January 1, 2010, to May 31, 2017, a total of 1652 patients were recruited. NLR was categorized in triplicates: NLR ≤ 2.74 , 2.74 < NLR ≤ 3.96 , and NLR > 3.96. Kaplan-Meier cumulative incidence curve and multivariable COX regression analysis were used to determine the relationship between NLR and the incidence of adverse CV outcome, while a competitive risk model was applied to assess the effects of other outcomes on adverse CV prognosis. Besides, forest plot was investigated to analyze the adverse CV prognosis in different subgroups. Results. During follow-up, 213 new-onset CV events and 153 CV disease (CVD) deaths were recorded. Multivariable COX regression models showed that the highest tertile of NLR level was associated with increased risk of CV events (HR = 1.39 , 95 % CI = 1.01 ‐ 1.93 , P = 0.046) and CVD mortality (HR = 1.81 , 95 % CI = 1.22 ‐ 2.69 , P = 0.003), while compared to the lowest tertile. Competitive risk models showed that the differences in CV event (P < 0.001) and CVD mortality (P = 0.004) among different NLR groups were still significant while excluding the effects of other outcomes. In subgroups, with each 1 increased in the NLR level, adjusted HR of new-onset CV event was 2.02 (95 % CI = 1.26 − 3.23 , P = 0.003) and CVD mortality was 2.98 (95 % CI = 1.58 − 5.62 , P = 0.001) in the younger group (age < 60 years). Conclusions. NLR is an independent risk factor for adverse CV prognosis in PD patients younger than 60 years old. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a novel material, graphene has been widely applied in the field of metasurface to dynamically control wavefront and polarization of electromagnetic wave in recent years. In this work, four graphene-based meta-atoms are designed for polarization manipulation. Using a hybrid structure of patterned graphene and patched metal, reflective phase of meta-atom can be tuned by Fermi level. When Fermi level is 0.01 eV, cross-polarized waves with phase difference of 90° are generated by meta-atoms with polarization conversion ratio 87% at 2 THz. As Fermi level is adjusted to 0.70 eV, phase difference between four meta-atoms is cancelled with the corresponding polarization conversion ratio only 5%. Then, four metasurfaces are designed for wavefront control and polarization manipulation, and they are focusing metalenses and vortex beam generators. Simulations indicate that the proposed metasurfaces are able to achieve the combination of wavefront control and polarization manipulation, greatly enhancing the ability to control electromagnetic wave. The proposed approach may be applied in the fields of terahertz focusing and communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existing spatial keyword cover query only considers the relevance of the text and the position, and ignores the temporal information of the geospatial objects. In this paper, we define a new query, time-aware spatial keyword cover query (TSKCQ), which takes into account the textual relevance, positional relevance, and temporal information of the objects. A new cost function is proposed in TSKCQ, which is used to evaluate the user's satisfaction in time and space under the premise of satisfying textual constraints proposed by the user. With this function, an object set with the best cost function value would be returned by TSKCQ. We propose a TR-tree for indexing the temporal and spatial information of objects. Based on this, we propose an exact algorithm to tackle TSKCQ, in which effective pruning strategies are used. Finally, experiments demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Given a set of spatial objects O , the search radius r and the submodular function f are specified by the user. The best region search (BRS) is to find an optimal area with fixed range size, in which the object set has the maximum submodular function value. The BRS problem has long been studied because of its wide application in spatial data mining, facility locating and so on. However, most of the existing work focus on either Euclidean space or motionless objects, which is not applicable in many real-life cases. In this paper, we propose the best region monitoring problem in the spatial data streams in road networks (MBRS). Many real life applications can obtain benefit from MBRS problem, such as monitoring traffic and tracking in ecology. We first propose an efficient algorithm to the static BRS problem in road networks, and extend the solution to a naive method to solve the MBRS problem. Then, we put forward effective pruning strategies and branch-and-bound algorithm GER on the basis of the preprocessing to monitor best region at different times. Finally, a large number of experiments verify the efficiency of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colonoscopy is one of the most direct and effective methods for detecting colon polyps; they are crucial for early screening and prevention of colorectal cancer (CRC). Accurate segmentation of polyp images is significant for the clinical management and treatment of CRC. However, polyp image segmentation is a challenging task because polyps vary in size, shape, and color, and have low contrast with the surrounding tissue and mucosa. To address these challenges, we propose a novel network called BGNet for polyp segmentation. BGNet consists of three modules: a boundary feature extraction module (BFEM), a mutual optimization module (MOM), and a convolutional attention module (CBAM). The BFEM extracts boundary features and predicts boundary maps, which complement and guide region features to accurately predict polyp regions and help BGNet generate precise prediction masks. The MOM optimizes the extracted features to enhance fine‐grained feature representation. The CBAM performs attention operations on the feature map to focus on informative regions and suppress irrelevant information. We conduct quantitative and qualitative evaluations on five benchmark datasets, and the results show that BGNet outperforms other methods and has strong learning ability and generalization ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radioligand therapy (RLT) is an expanding field that has shown great potential in the fight against cancer. Radionuclides that can be carried by selective ligands such as antibodies, peptides, and small molecules targeting cancerous cells have demonstrated a clear improvement in the move towards precision medicine. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is a family of enzymes involved in DNA damage repair signalling pathway, with PARP inhibitors olaparib, talazoparib, niraparib, veliparib, and rucaparib having FDA approval for cancer therapy in routine clinical use. Based on our previous work with the radiolabelled PARP inhibitor [18F]rucaparib, we replaced the fluorine-18 moiety, used for PET imaging, with iodine-123, a radionuclide used for SPECT imaging and Auger electron therapy, resulting in 8-[123I]iodo-5-(4-((methylamino)methyl)phenyl)-2,3,4,6-tetrahydro-1H-azepino[5,4,3- cd ]indol-1-one, ([123I] GD1), as a potential radiopharmaceutical for RLT. [123I] GD1 was synthesized via copper-mediated radioiodination from a selected boronic esters precursor. In vitro uptake, retention, blocking, and effects on clonogenic survival with [123I] GD1 treatment were tested in a panel of cancer cell lines. Enzymatic inhibition of PARP by GD1 was also tested in a cell-free system. The biodistribution of [123I] GD1 was investigated by SPECT/CT in mice following intravenous administration. Cell-free enzymatic inhibition and in vitro blocking experiments confirmed a modest ability of GD1 to inhibit PARP-1, IC 50 = 239 nM. In vitro uptake of [123I] GD1 in different cell lines was dose dependent, and radiolabelled compound was retained in cells for >2 h. Significantly reduced clonogenic survival was observed in vitro after exposure of cells for 1 h with as low as 50 kBq of [123I] GD1. The biodistribution of [123I] GD1 was further characterized in vivo showing both renal and hepatobiliary clearance pathways with a biphasic blood clearance. We present the development of a new theragnostic agent based on the rucaparib scaffold and its evaluation in in vitro and in vivo models. The data reported show that [123I] GD1 may have potential to be used as a theragnostic agent. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Design of core–shell structure for ceramic filler is an effective way to improve the electric insulation property of polymer matrix. However, it still faces the disadvantage of a low dielectric constant, inhibiting the increase in energy storage density. Herein, we propose an effective strategy for regulating shell thickness to induce dielectric polarization, which simultaneously improves dielectric constant and breakdown strength of polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF)‐based nanocomposite incorporated by core–shell structured BaTiO3@SiO2 (BT@SO) nanoparticles. The results show that BT@SO fillers with a moderate SiO2 shell thickness of 15 nm and a low content of 1.0 vol% enhances dielectric constant and breakdown strength of PVDF‐based nanocomposite to 14.7 and 500.5 MV/m, respectively. Compared with pure PVDF, the dielectric constant and breakdown strength of PVDF/BT@SO are increased by 82.2% and 61.3%, respectively. Comprehensively, its discharge energy density is enhanced by 352%, up to 12.2 J/cm3, which is attributed to the high induced polarization of charge confinement and the multi‐function combined effects of SiO2 shell as a deep trap, barrier and adsorption layer. This study provides more insight into the interface control mechanism of core–shell nanostructure, and offers a theoretical basis for designing polymer nanocomposites with high energy storage density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermal quenching is a normal phenomenon in the luminescent materials. In the Eu3+ doped orthorhombic phase of Lu 2 (MoO 4) 3 synthesized by a solid-state reaction method, thermal quenching phenomenon was firstly observed, then thermal enhancing photoluminescence (PL) intensities were recorded with the measuring temperature increasing from 50 °C to 300 °C. Based on the negative thermal expansion (NTE) of the Lu 2 (MoO 4) 3 lattice confirmed by in situ high temperature X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and the sensitive of the Eu3+, the enhancing PL intensities were owned to the variation of the local crystal field at high temperatures. The research is meaningful to conquer the thermal quenching phenomenon in phosphors. PL emission spectra of Eu3+ doped Lu 2 (MoO 4) 3 recorded at 50 °C and 250 °C. Insets are the temperature dependent integrated emission intensities and phosphor pictures captured under 277 nm light. [Display omitted] • Eu3+ doped orthorhombic phase of Lu 2 (MoO 4) 3 were synthesized. • The Lu 2 (MoO 4) 3 presents NTE property. • Thermal enhancing PL intensities of Eu3+ were recorded. • The enhancements were attributed to the variation of the local crystal field. • The enhancements were owned to the sensitivity of the Eu3+. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A large number of studies have shown that proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are associated with infection events. Therefore, we retrospectively evaluated the association of PPI therapy with the occurrence of first pneumonia and peritoneal dialysis(PD)-related peritonitis events in the maintenance PD patients. We collected PD patients in two large hospitals from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2016, and divided them into the PPI group and the non-PPI group. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were applied to evaluate the cumulative incidence and hazard ratios (HRs). Inverse probability of treatment weight (IPTW) method was used to adjust for covariate imbalance between the two groups and further confirm our findings. Finally, 656 PD patients were included for data analysis, and the results showed that PPI usage was associated with an increased risk of pneumonia [HR 1.71; 95% CI 1.06-2.76; p = 0.027] and peritonitis [HR 1.73; 95% CI 1.24-2.40; p = 0.001]. IPTW-adjusted HRs for the association of PPIs with pneumonia and peritonitis were 1.58 (95% CI:1.18-2.12; p = 0.002) and 2.33 (95% CI:1.91-2.85; p < 0.001), respectively. Moreover, the competitive risk model proved that under the conditions of competition for other events(including transfer to hemodialysis therapy, kidney transplant, transfer from our research center, loss to follow-up, and death), the differences in endpoints events between the two groups were still statistically significant (p = 0.009, p < 0.001, respectively). PPIs was associated with an increased risk of first pneumonia and PD-related peritonitis events in PD patients, which reminds clinicians to be cautious when prescribing acid-suppressing drugs for PD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conflict adaptation refers to the improved conflict control induced after experiencing conflict and is a prominent index of adaptive cognitive control. Reversal of conflict adaptation may be maladaptive and predictive of certain mental disorders. Here, we employed real-time functional near infrared spectroscopy-based neurofeedback training, with the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex as the target brain area, to investigate whether reversal of conflict adaptation during a word-color Stroop task could be recovered to be normal. Healthy human individuals with reversal pattern of conflict adaptation in the pretest were randomly assigned into the experimental or control groups. Distributed training for 80 min led to greater improvements in the experimental group who received real neurofeedback compared to those in the control group who received sham neurofeedback. These results indicated causal evidence for understanding the generation of conflict adaptation and heighten the prospects of clinical application of neurofeedback training. • The reversal conflict adaptation has been neglected in the research filed for a long time. • Our study focused on the improvement of reversal conflict adaptation and turn it around through applying a state-of-the-art cognitive enhancement method, fNIRS-based neurofeedback targeting left DLPFC. • Our results indicated causal role of left DLPFC in conflict adaptation and application prospect of fNIRS-based neurofeedback. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A SiO 2 cladding LYSO:Ce scintillation fiber is fabricated by the improved rod-in-tube method. The radiation sensing characterizations are studied by electron irradiation experiments, including time response, dose response, the influence of the factors such as the fiber length and the distance between radiation source and fiber on the radiation responses. Good electron radiation sensing characterization is found, which contributes to improve the radiation sensing and real-time detection of scintillation fiber, and to miniaturize the sensing system. • SiO 2 cladding LYSO:Ce scintillation fiber is fabricated by the I-RIT method. • Electron radiation sensing characterization of LYCF is studied. • Good sensing repeatability of the LYCF is found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors discuss a study on the association of longer atrial fibrillation (AF) duration with higher recurrence rate after catheter ablation in patients with persistent AF. Highlights include definition of AF duration, adjustment for the selected predictors of multivariate Cox regression analysis in Kaplan-Meier analysis, and inconsistency of the principles of multivariate analyses with pre-specified definition criteria.

Materials with lower dielectric loss and greater thermal and mechanical properties have drawn public attention with the rapid development of 5G technology. However, the mastery and understanding of the aging mechanism and working lifetime of these specific materials remain an open challenge. Here, we designed a glass fiber (GF)-reinforced acrylate–styrene–acrylonitrile/polycarbonate (ASA/GF/PC) composite and systematically investigated its aging behavior, aging mechanism, and lifetime prediction under long-term thermal and oxidative conditions. The aging behaviors regarding the mechanical, dielectric properties and color change were deeply analyzed at four aging temperatures. Results indicated that impact strength was applicable to estimate working lifetime. Assisted by general Arrhenius kinetic models, the predicted lifetimes were 22,334 days at 303 K, 8605 days at 313 K, 3517 days at 323 K, and 1516 days at 333 K, respectively. The study of aging mechanism confirmed that thermal degradation inevitably occurred in the ASA and PC phases, which provoked the appearance of newborn oxygen-containing groups and further induced the generation of cross-linked domains. The desired results provide a valuable reference to guide the widespread and long-term utilization of ASA/GF/PC composites in 5G technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance and image quality of total-body positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging using a half-dose of [68 Ga]Ga-prostate specific membrane antigen ([68 Ga]Ga-PSMA) radiotracer, compared to conventional short axial field-of-view PET/CT imaging using a full dose of [68 Ga]Ga-PSMA. Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 52 patients with biochemical recurrent (BCR) prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy who underwent total-body PET/CT with a half-dose (0.9–1.1 MBq/kg) of [68 Ga]Ga-PSMA. These patients were matched by baseline characteristics to another 52 BCR patients after prostatectomy who underwent conventional PET/CT with a full dose (1.8–2.2 MBq/kg) of [68 Ga]Ga-PSMA. The half-dose group was further divided into 5-min (G5) and 2-min (G2) acquisition subgroups. Image quality was assessed through subjective analysis using a 5-point scale and objective measurements of standard uptake value maximum (SUVmax), standard uptake value mean (SUVmean), background variation (BV) of the liver, blood pool, and parotid glands. Additionally, SUVmax and tumor-to-background ratio (TBR) were calculated for lesions. Results: No significant difference in subjective image quality was found between the G2 and full-dose groups (p > 0.05). PET/CT image quality was significantly higher for the G5 versus G2 (p < 0.001) and full-dose groups (p < 0.001). TBR did not differ between the G2 and full-dose groups (4.23 ± 5.21 vs 4.22 ± 3.97, p = 0.99). Liver BV was significantly lower for G2 versus full-dose groups (0.16 ± 0.03 vs 0.20 ± 0.05, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Total-body PET/CT with a half-dose [68 Ga]Ga-PSMA yields image quality superior or comparable to that of conventional PET/CT. The utilization of total-body [68 Ga]Ga-PSMA PET/CT meets the diagnostic demands of BCR patients, particularly those who exhibit reduced tolerance to prolonged horizontal positioning and scan durations, while simultaneously reducing radiation exposure for the subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of fifth‐generation technology has resulted in increased demand for materials with low dielectric losses and superior thermal and mechanical properties. However, ensuring the widespread use of such materials by investigating their aging mechanisms and operating lifetimes remains challenging. In this study, a glass‐fiber (GF)‐reinforced acrylate‐styrene‐acrylonitrile/polycarbonate (ASA/GF/PC) composite is designed and comprehensively investigated its aging behavior, mechanism, and service lifetime under long‐term hygrothermal conditions. Based on the general Peck model, the composite maintains a high level of quality for over 10 years, including under harsh conditions of 40 °C and 80% relative humidity. The aging mechanism is primarily ascribed to cracking between the GF fibers and matrix, the breaking of chemical bonds, the generation of new cross‐linked domains, and physical aging. These findings provide valuable insights into the long‐term utilization of ASA/GF/PC composites in harsh environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: It is unknown how the cell cycle plays a role in breast cancer (BC). This study aimed to establish a clinically applicable predictive model to predict the therapeutic responses and overall survival in BC patients. Materials and methods: Cell cycle-related genes (CCGs) were identified within the Cancer Genome Atlas cohort (n is equal to 1001) and the Gene Expression Omnibus cohort (n is equal to 3265). An analysis of univariate and multivariate Cox was then conducted to develop a nomogram based on CCGs. After validating the nomogram, risk cohort stratification was established and the predictive value was examined. Finally, immune cell infiltration and therapeutic responses were analysed. Results: Based on 15 CCGs, 4 prognostic predictors were identified and entered into the nomogram. According to the curves of calibration, the estimated and observed value of the nomogram is in optimal agreement. Subsequently, stratification into two risk cohorts showed that the predictive value, immune cell infiltration and overall survival were better among patients with low risk. Immune checkpoint expression in patients with BC at higher risk was downregulated. Furthermore, the results of the study revealed that doxorubicin, paclitaxel, docetaxel, cisplatin and vinorelbine all had higher IC50 values in patients with high-risk BC. Conclusion: The nomogram based on CCG could assess tumour immune micro-environment regulation and therapeutic responses of immunotherapy in BC. Moreover, it may provide novel information on the control of immune micro-environment infiltration in BC and aid in the development of targeted immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Coronoviruses not only affect the respiratory system, but also have deleterious effects on the central nervous system. • Most neurological diseases could be caused by coronoviruses invasion. • Coronoviruses cause nerve damage via diverse pathways. Viral infections have detrimental impacts on neurological functions, and even to cause severe neurological damage. Very recently, coronaviruses (CoV), especially severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV 2 (SARS-CoV-2), exhibit neurotropic properties and may also cause neurological diseases. It is reported that CoV can be found in the brain or cerebrospinal fluid. The pathobiology of these neuroinvasive viruses is still incompletely known, and it is therefore important to explore the impact of CoV infections on the nervous system. Here, we review the research into neurological complications in CoV infections and the possible mechanisms of damage to the nervous system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the process of block compressed sensing (CS) applied to the rolling bearing fault signal, the reconstruction accuracy of the signal is low due to the large difference in sparsity between blocks and the unreasonable components of reconstruction support set, which affects the overall reconstruction effect of the signal. To improve the signal reconstruction results, forward and backward stagewise orthogonal matching pursuit (FBStOMP) based on the adaptive block method is proposed. First, to equalize the sparsity of each block signal, the fault signal is divided into blocks according to the adaptive block length, which is obtained by the short-time autocorrelation algorithm. Then, the K-singular value decomposition algorithm is used to train the sparse dictionary to obtain a better sparse effect. Finally, the FBStOMP algorithm is proposed. The atom backtracking and screening process is added in the reconstruction process to improve the possibility that all the effective atoms can be selected into the support set. The experimental analysis of the simulation signal and bearing fault signal show that, compared with the traditional CS reconstruction algorithm, the adaptive block-FBStOMP algorithm proposed in the paper can effectively improve the reconstruction accuracy of the bearing fault signal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: RNA modifications, especially N6-methyladenosine, N1-methyladenosine and 5–methylcytosine, play an important role in the progression of cardiovascular disease. However, its regulatory function in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) remains to be undefined. Methods: In the study, key RNA modification regulators (RMRs) were screened by three machine learning models. Subsequently, a risk prediction model for DCM was developed and validated based on these important genes, and the diagnostic efficiency of these genes was assessed. Meanwhile, the relevance of these genes to clinical traits was explored. In both animal models and human subjects, the gene with the strongest connection was confirmed. The expression patterns of important genes were investigated using single-cell analysis. Results: A total of 4 key RMRs were identified. The risk prediction models were constructed basing on these genes which showed a good accuracy and sensitivity in both the training and test set. Correlation analysis showed that insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) had the highest correlation with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (R = -0.49, P = 0.00039). Further validation expression level of IGFBP2 indicated that this gene was significantly upregulated in DCM animal models and patients, and correlation analysis validation showed a significant negative correlation between IGFBP2 and LVEF (R = -0.87; P = 6*10–5). Single-cell analysis revealed that this gene was mainly expressed in endothelial cells. Conclusion: In conclusion, IGFBP2 is an important biomarker of left ventricular dysfunction in DCM. Future clinical applications could possibly use it as a possible therapeutic target. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Stabilization and increased activity of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α (HIF-1α) can directly increase cancellous bone formation and play an essential role in bone modeling and remodeling. However, whether an increased HIF-1α expression in adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) increases osteogenic capacity and promotes bone regeneration is not known. Results: In this study, ADSCs transfected with small interfering RNA and HIF-1α overexpression plasmid were established to investigate the proliferation, migration, adhesion, and osteogenic capacity of ADSCs and the angiogenic ability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Overexpression of HIF-1α could promote the biological functions of ADSCs, and the angiogenic ability of HUVECs. Western blotting showed that the protein levels of osteogenesis-related factors were increased when HIF-1α was overexpressed. Furthermore, the influence of upregulation of HIF-1α in ADSC sheets on osseointegration was evaluated using a Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats implant model, in which the bone mass and osteoid mineralization speed were evaluated by radiological and histological analysis. The overexpression of HIF-1α in ADSCs enhanced bone remodeling and osseointegration around titanium implants. However, transfecting the small interfering RNA (siRNA) of HIF-1α in ADSCs attenuated their osteogenic and angiogenic capacity. Finally, it was confirmed in vitro that HIF-1α promotes osteogenic differentiation and the biological functions in ADSCs via the VEGF/AKT/mTOR pathway. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that HIF-1α has a critical ability to promote osteogenic differentiation in ADSCs by coupling osteogenesis and angiogenesis via the VEGF/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, which in turn increases osteointegration and bone formation around titanium implants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary During social transmission of food preference (STFP), mice form long-term memory of food odors presented by a social partner. How does the brain associate a social context with odor signals to promote memory encoding? Here we show that odor exposure during STFP, but not unconditioned odor exposure, induces glomerulus-specific long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic strength selectively at the GABAergic component of dendrodendritic synapses of granule and mitral cells in the olfactory bulb. Conditional deletion of synaptotagmin-10, the Ca 2+ sensor for IGF1 secretion from mitral cells, or deletion of IGF1 receptor in the olfactory bulb prevented the socially relevant GABAergic LTP and impaired memory formation after STFP. Conversely, the addition of IGF1 to acute olfactory bulb slices elicited the GABAergic LTP in mitral cells by enhancing postsynaptic GABA receptor responses. Thus, our data reveal a synaptic substrate for a socially conditioned long-term memory that operates at the level of the initial processing of sensory information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the diagnostic role of heart rate variability in breast cancer and its relationship with Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in peripheral serum. Methods: We reviewed the electronic medical records of patients who attended Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University between October 2016 and May 2019. The patients were grouped based on breast cancer history and were divided into two groups: breast cancer group(n = 19) and control group(n = 18). All women were invited for risk factor screening, including 24-hour ambulatory ECG monitoring and blood biochemistry after admission. The difference and correlation between the breast cancer group and control group were performed by comparing the heart rate variability and serum CEA levels. Additionally, diagnostic efficacy analysis of breast cancer was calculated by combining heart rate variability and serum CEA. Results: In total, 37 patients were eligible for analysis, with 19 and 18 patients in the breast cancer group and control groups, respectively. Women with breast cancer had a significantly lower level of total LF, awake TP, and awake LF, and a significantly higher level of serum CEA compared with women with no breast cancer. Total LF, awake TP, and awake LF were negatively correlated with the CEA index (P < 0.05). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves indicated the highest area under the curve (AUC) scores and specificity of the combination of awake TP, awake LF, and serum CEA (P < 0.05), while sensitivity was highest for total LF, awake TP, and awake LF (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Women with history of breast cancer had abnormalities in autonomic function. The combined analysis of heart rate variability and serum CEA analysis may have a predictive effect on the development of breast cancer and provide more basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Actinomycin is a family of chromogenic lactone peptides that differ in their peptide portions of the molecule. An antimicrobial peptide, actinomycin X2 (Ac.X2), was produced through the fermentation of a Streptomyces cyaneofuscatus strain. Immobilization of Ac.X2 onto a prepared silk fibroin (SF) film was done through a carbodiimide reaction. The physical properties of immobilized Ac.X2 (antimicrobial films, AMFs) were analyzed by ATR-FTIR, SEM, AFM, and WCA. The findings from an in vitro study showed that AMFs had a more broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both S. aureus and E. coli compared with free Ac.X2, which showed no apparent strong effect against E. coli. These AMFs showed a suitable degradation rate, good hemocompatibility, and reduced cytotoxicity in the biocompatibility assay. The results of in vivo bacterially infected wound healing experiments indicated that wound inflammation was prevented by AMFs, which promoted wound repair and improved the wound microenvironment. This study revealed that Ac.X2 transformation is a potential candidate for skin wound healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel technique for measuring the magnetic susceptibility of liquids with modest applied magnetic fields (order of 0.25 T) is presented. The deformation of the liquid surface by a magnetic field is determined by a laser bounce or optical lever technique. The energy balance between the magnetic energy and the gravitational potential of the diamagnetic or paramagnetic liquid interaction is used to determine the susceptibility. The energy due to the surface tension energy is about 10% of the gravitational energy and can be neglected for fast measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We demonstrate a high dynamic range Josephson parametric amplifier (JPA) in which the active nonlinear element is implemented using an array of rf-SQUIDs. The device is matched to the 50 Ω environment with a Klopfenstein-taper impedance transformer and achieves a bandwidth of 250–300 MHz with input saturation powers up to −95 dBm at 20 dB gain. A 54-qubit Sycamore processor was used to benchmark these devices, providing a calibration for readout power, an estimation of amplifier added noise, and a platform for comparison against standard impedance matched parametric amplifiers with a single dc-SQUID. We find that the high power rf-SQUID array design has no adverse effect on system noise, readout fidelity, or qubit dephasing, and we estimate an upper bound on amplifier added noise at 1.6 times the quantum limit. Finally, amplifiers with this design show no degradation in readout fidelity due to gain compression, which can occur in multi-tone multiplexed readout with traditional JPAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Radiopharmaceuticals targeting poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) have emerged as promising agents for cancer diagnosis and therapy. PARP enzymes are expressed in both cancerous and normal tissue. Hence, the injected mass, molar activity and potential pharmacological effects are important considerations for the use of radiolabelled PARP inhibitors for diagnostic and radionuclide therapeutic applications. Here, we performed a systematic evaluation by varying the molar activity of [18F]olaparib and the injected mass of [TotalF]olaparib to investigate the effects on tumour and normal tissue uptake in two subcutaneous human glioblastoma xenograft models. Methods: [18F]Olaparib uptake was evaluated in the human glioblastoma models: in vitro on U251MG and U87MG cell lines, and in vivo on tumour xenograft-bearing mice, after administration of [TotalF]olaparib (varying injected mass: 0.04–8.0 µg, and molar activity: 1–320 GBq/μmol). Results: Selective uptake of [18F]olaparib was demonstrated in both models. Tumour uptake was found to be dependent on the injected mass of [TotalF]olaparib (µg) but not the molar activity. An injected mass of 1 μg resulted in the highest tumour uptake (up to 6.9 ± 1.3%ID/g), independent of the molar activity. In comparison, both the lower and higher injected masses of [TotalF]olaparib resulted in lower relative tumour uptake (%ID/g; P < 0.05). Ex vivo analysis of U87MG xenograft sections showed that the heterogeneity in [18F]olaparib intratumoural uptake correlated with PARP1 expression. Substantial upregulation of PARP1-3 expression was observed after administration of [TotalF]olaparib (> 0.5 µg). Conclusion: Our findings show that the injected mass of [TotalF]olaparib has significant effects on tumour uptake. Moderate injected masses of PARP inhibitor-derived radiopharmaceuticals may lead to improved relative tumour uptake and tumour-to-background ratio for cancer diagnosis and radionuclide therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• SDH protects against DSS-induced colitis in mice. • SDH downregulates Th cell expression and regulates inflammatory cytokines. • SDH modulates gut microbiota structure. Ulcerative colitis, a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the rectum and colon to varying degrees, is linked to a dysregulated immune response and the microbiota. Sodium (aS,9R)-3-hydroxy-16,17-dimethoxy-15-oxidotricyclo[12.3.1.12,6]nonadeca-1(18),2,4,6(19),14,16-hexene-9-yl sulfate hydrate (SDH) emerges as a novel diarylheptane compound aimed at treating inflammatory bowel diseases. However, the mechanisms by which SDH modulates these conditions remain largely unknown. In this study, we assessed SDH's impact on the clinical progression of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis. Our results demonstrated that SDH significantly mitigated the symptoms of DSS-induced colitis, reflected in reduced disease activity index scores, alleviation of weight loss, shortening of the colorectum, and reduction in spleen swelling. Notably, SDH decreased the proportion of Th1/Th2/Th17 cells and normalized inflammatory cytokine levels in the colon. Furthermore, SDH treatment modified the gut microbial composition in mice with colitis, notably decreasing Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria populations while substantially increasing Firmicutes , Actinobacteria , and Patescibacteria. In conclusion, our findings suggest that SDH may protect the colon from DSS-induced colitis through the regulation of Th1/Th2/Th17 cells and gut microbiota, offering novel insights into SDH's therapeutic potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The successful implementation of the low-carbonization strategy is heavily reliant on the development of low-loss and high-efficiency green antenna technology. However, long-term exposure to high heat and oxygen leads to the degradation of antenna materials and the release of harmful substances. Studies on the aging behavior and mechanism of the antenna materials are of essence to realize the low-carbonization strategy. To address this issue, an unplasticized polyvinyl chloride filled with calcium carbonate (uPVC/CaCO 3) has been successfully prepared using the injection molding technique. After that, the aging behavior, mechanism, and working lifetime were comprehensively explored under thermal and oxidative conditions. It is found that the composite maintains a high level of functionality for up to 24 years at 60 ℃ and 4.5 years at 70 ℃ on the impact strength failure criterion. The simultaneous oxidation and dehydrochlorination reaction, cross-linking reaction, and deterioration of the interaction between components are responsible for the aging of the uPVC/CaCO 3 composite. These findings provide valuable insights into the development of radome materials for achieving low-loss and high-efficiency green antenna technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The effect of time delay from diagnosis to surgery on the prognosis of elderly patients with liver cancer is not well known. We investigated the effect of surgical timing on the prognosis of elderly hepatocellular carcinoma patients undergoing surgical resection and constructed a Nomogram model to predict the overall survival of patients.Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on elderly patients with primary liver cancer after hepatectomy from 2012 to 2018. The effect of surgical timing on the prognosis of elderly patients with liver cancer was analyzed using the cut-off times of 18 days, 30 days, and 60 days. Cox was used to analyze the independent influencing factors of overall survival in patients, and a prognostic model was constructed.Results: A total of 232 elderly hepatocellular carcinoma patients who underwent hepatectomy were enrolled in this study. The cut-off times of 18, 30, and 60 days were used. The duration of surgery had no significant effect on overall survival. Body Mass Index, Child-Pugh classification, Tumor size Max, and Length of stay were independent influencing factors for overall survival in the elderly Liver cancer patients after surgery. These factors combined with Liver cirrhosis and Venous tumor emboli were incorporated into a Nomogram. The nomogram was validated using the clinical data of the study patients, and exhibited better prediction for 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year overall survival.Conclusions: We demonstrated that the operative time has no significant effect on delayed operation in the elderly patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, and a moderate delay may benefit some patients. The constructed Nomogram model is a good predictor of overall survival in elderly patients with hepatectomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: Psoriasis is a chronic immune‐mediated inflammatory skin disease that easily recurs and is difficult to cure. DGT is a novel synthetic heterocyclic diterpenoid, whose structure has not been previously reported. We have investigated the action of DGT against psoriasis, specifically the hyperproliferation of epidermal keratinocytes, angiogenesis and pathogenic inflammatory responses. Experimental Approach We investigated its pharmacokinetics in skin after topical administration. We characterized its pharmacological actions in vitro and in vivo using cell proliferation assay, cell apoptosis assay, diethylstilbestrol‐induced mouse vaginal epithelial cell mitosis model, tube formation assay, cell migration assay, chick embryonic chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay, histological, flow cytometric analysis and imiquimod (IMQ)‐induced psoriasis‐like model. Key Results: DGT was found to be mainly distributed in the epidermis and dermis, which indicated that DGT was suitable as a topical treatment. DGT inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptotic cell death of keratinocytes in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, DGT inhibited endothelial cell proliferation, tube formation and migration of in vitro angiogenesis, as well as in vivo CAM angiogenesis. In an IMQ‐induced psoriasis‐like skin inflammation murine model, topical application of DGT ameliorated keratinocyte proliferation and inflammatory response, especially in IL‐17‐related psoriasiform dermatitis. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that DGT prevented these pathological processes of psoriasis through suppression of STAT3 phosphorylation. Conclusion and Implications: DGT has great potential as a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of psoriatic skin disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]