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The modern digital world opens up many opportunities for communication, learning, and entertainment. However, along with these opportunities, the number of threats is also increasing. The development of information technologies is accompanied by a rapid spread of offenses in this area. Cyberbullying, as a form of digital violence, has become a serious threat to children in the virtual space. It is a dynamic phenomenon, because it is becoming more dangerous every year, and the number of people affected by it is increasing. Cyberbullying violates not only emotional and social well-being but also security, which is one of the fundamental human rights. Given the increasing digitization of society and the increase in the number of online interactions, understanding and effectively combating cyberbullying is becoming an extremely important component of creating a safe and healthy environment for children’s development. The scientific research is devoted to the investigation of the problem of cyberbullying how to ensure a child right to safety in the online environment. The article analyzes various aspects of cyberbullying, including approaches to defining the concept by foreign and Ukrainian scientists, its types, and consequences for children’s development. An analysis of the legislation was carried out, and the effectiveness of the measures provided by it to prevent and counteract the above-mentioned phenomenon was analyzed. The role of educational institutions and their effectiveness in combating cyberbullying has been studied. It was concluded that there is no single approach to defining the concept of cyberbullying and its types. It was said that the negative impact can have various manifestations and can be both psychological and physical. It was also concluded that there are problems in the effectiveness of measures aimed at combating cyberbullying. The conclusions of the article indicate the importance of a comprehensive approach to the problem of cyberbullying and the need for joint efforts of all interested parties to create a safe online environment for children, forming a model of responsible behavior in cyberspace. The need to develop and implement effective strategies against cyberbullying aimed at ensuring and protecting the child right to safety is emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Child labour is a complex social problem worldwide, affecting the physical, moral and educational development of children. A cross sectional quantitative survey research design was used to assess child labour in quarrying activities of the Ga West Municipality, Ghana. The municipality was selected due to evidence in literature of children engaging in quarrying activities. The study examined child labour occurrence and intensity, the working condition of child labourers in the stone quarries; factors influencing child labour in quarrying activities; and the impact of quarrying activities on children. Data which were analysed using probit model and descriptive statistics indicated a negative effect of stone quarry activity on the development, growth and education of the child. Significant influencers were poverty, attitude and poor perception of parents, broken homes, traditional belief systems and migration. The study recommends offering educational support, grants and essential resources to vulnerable households in order to ensure that children remain in school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundObjectives/AimsDesignData sourcesMethodsResultsConclusionChildhood is a time when health behaviours are established and the foundations for health literacy are cemented. In Aotearoa New Zealand nurses are responsible for communicating health messages to children at key stages in children’s lives.This review explores the ways in which nurses communicate health messages to children and adolescents in Aotearoa New Zealand. It evaluates whether current approaches to health communication are in-line with a child’s rights-based approach.An integrative review using a systematic literature search strategy.In July 2022, 9 databases were searched including: Medline (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), Scopus (Elsevier), Cochrane Library, EBSCO (host), Web of Science Core Collection, CINHIAL plus, psychINFO and PsychEXTRA.Following title and abstract screening 41 articles went through to full-text screening. These were uploaded into NVivo v.12 for analysis. Results were analysed using content analysis with a deductive coding framework informed by the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. A total of 20 articles met all inclusion criteria and were assessed of high quality using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool.Nurses communicate health messages using a variety of strategies, some of which align with the rights of the child. No evidence was found of nurses communicating health messages through play or creative activities or by adopting principles and practice of continuity of care, including health communication beyond the paediatric context.Opportunities exist for improvements to the rights of children and adolescents within nursing practice. Further research about the rights of children in healthcare services including not only identifying the barriers but research that includes interventions and proposes solutions is necessary . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT This study examines a representative sample of adults in California (USA) and Norway, and their attitudes toward adoption versus foster care in a child protection case. The results show that a majority of people favour adoption for a child who has been removed due to maltreatment and cannot be reunified with birth parents. The study examines if people's rights orientation, favouring children or adults, or favouring birth parents or adoptive parents, or their institutional context explain their preferences about long‐term care options. Data material consist of representative samples of the population in California (USA) and Norway (n = 2222), using a vignette survey design. Findings suggest that individuals with a child rights position favour adoption, but attitudes about birth parents' and adoptive parents' rights are not related to care option choices. Institutional context, anchored in policy feedback literature, partly explains the preference for adoption and the population's rights orientation. Further studies are necessary to confirm the role of rights attitudes and institutional context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A socio-legal analysis of the UK governance regime for data collected from children at school for teaching and learning contrasts the government-mandated data collection by schools to inform educational policy and planning with data processed and shared with third parties by commercial EdTech providers. We find the former is effectively governed by the government's 'Five Safes Framework' with some problematic exceptions. By contrast, EdTech providers process a growing volume of personal data under the DPA 2018/UK GDPR with a looser enforcement regime. While schools have few mechanisms and insufficient expertise or resources to hold EdTech providers accountable for processing children's data, EdTech providers have considerable latitude in interpreting the law. Consequently, and paradoxically, regulations governing (mostly) deidentified data used for public purposes are more systematically enforced than those governing personal (identifiable) data used for public and commercial purposes. We conclude with recommendations so that education data can serve children's best interests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Institutional care for children without families is still widely used globally as a child protection intervention, despite concerns that it violates child rights, separates children from their families, puts children at risk of abuse and neglect and is harmful for child development. This article applied attachment theory to analyse the use and risks of institutional care. It also discusses the challenges and consequences of implementing deinstitutionalisation strategies, a series of policy-driven activities aimed at transitioning a child protection system from an institutional to family-based model of childcare. A secondary data analysis found the progressive elimination of institutions can be effective where deinstitutionalisation strategies implement an attachment approach to improve institutions alongside building permanency planning capacity for children. This article proposes that institutional care may have a role as a child protection intervention where it is temporary, recognises a child's need for secure attachment and facilitates safe permanency in a family setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Applying nation branding literature and the work of Erving Goffman on dramaturgy to the situation of asylum-seeking children in Norway and in the UK, this paper develops a comparative framework for understanding why child rights appear to be de-prioritised in the current climate of ‘migration control’. The paper identifies historically grounded differential approaches towards child rights and children in the two countries, which currently appear to merge into a common trajectory of migration control, framed in terms of national security and economic productivity. It explores similar tensions in both countries between the discourses of national migration management on the one hand and children's welfare and rights on the other. It finds that universal rights which should protect the welfare of all children are limited and fragmented by ideas of nationalism and foreignness. Despite a more robust legal framework for child rights, Norway is on a similar pathway as the UK; a worrying indictment of how nations fulfil their obligations towards children.

Applying nation branding literature and the work of Erving Goffman on dramaturgy to the situation of asylum-seeking children in Norway and in the UK, this paper develops a comparative framework for understanding why child rights appear to be de-prioritised in the current climate of 'migration control'. The paper identifies historically grounded differential approaches towards child rights and children in the two countries, which currently appear to merge into a common trajectory of migration control, framed in terms of national security and economic productivity. It explores similar tensions in both countries between the discourses of national migration management on the one hand and children's welfare and rights on the other. It finds that universal rights which should protect the welfare of all children are limited and fragmented by ideas of nationalism and foreignness. Despite a more robust legal framework for child rights, Norway is on a similar pathway as the UK; a worrying indictment of how nations fulfil their obligations towards children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A critical review examined how childrens participation rights as represented in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child inform the work of pediatric teams in healthcare settings. We systematically searched peer-reviewed literature on the enactment of child participation rights, within the context of pediatric teams. Articles were evaluated using the LEGEND (Let Evidence Guide Every New Decision) tool. Data extraction and analysis highlighted themes and disparities between articles, as well as gaps. A total of 25 studies were selected. We reviewed studies from around the globe, with the majority of papers from the UK. Qualitative and mixed methods approaches were administered. The following observations were made: (1) limited language of children's rights exists in the literature, (2) lack of information regarding the composition of pediatric healthcare teams and how they work with children, (3) children's perspectives on what constitutes good interactions with healthcare providers are replicated, (4) minimal references to theory or philosophical underpinnings that can guide practice. Explicit references to children's participation rights are lacking in the literature which may reflect the absence of rights language that could inform pediatric practice. Descriptive understandings of the tenets of pediatric interprofessional team composition and collaboration are necessary if we are to imagine the child as part of the team along with their family. Despite these shortcomings, the literature alludes to children's ability to discern desirable interactions with healthcare providers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study analyses the features of the adoption institution in Kazakhstan, particularly the adoption of Kazakhstani children by foreign citizens. The aim of the study is to identify the key criminogenic factors and propose ways to enhance the legal and regulatory framework to mitigate the risks of abuse and criminality in intercountry adoptions. The methodological approach incorporates dialectical, systematic, comparative legal, and other methods to investigate this criminological aspect of the adoption system. The authors highlight the characteristic challenges and vulnerabilities in the application of national legislation, as well as the international legal regulation of these cross-border adoptions. Specific attention is paid to the potential for criminal exploitation, such as child trafficking and document falsification, that can arise due to the complex and loosely regulated nature of intercountry adoption. Based on the analysis, the authors conclude that Kazakhstan needs to strengthen the protective measures and oversight mechanisms to safeguard the rights and wellbeing of children subject to adoption by foreign nationals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grounded on scholarly works this study examined the lived experiences of children in the Ethiopian Orthodox Church school through the lens of a child rights-based approach. Three articles of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) were chosen as an analytical framework. The review revealed that the vast majority of Yekolo Temari joined the EOC school with their own interest, but the practice left them deprived of the family environment. They needed the protection and care necessary for their well-being. This study recommends that the government of Ethiopia and all stakeholders enforce domestic laws that ensure the well-being of Yekolo Temari. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to realize a Child Friendly City, the Samarinda City Government implementing the Fulfillment of Children’s Rights program. This research aims to determine the implementation of the fulfillment of children’s rights carried out by the Samarinda City Women’s Empowerment and Child Protection Service, on policy content variables based on the theory of policy implementation model from Grindle which consist of six elements, namely the interest affected by the policy, the types of benefits generated, the degree of change that occurs, the position of policy makers, program implementers and the resources mobilized. By using a qualitative descriptive research approach, this research concludes that the implementation of Child Friendly Regency/City in Samarinda City based on the contents of its policies has achieved good results with obtained the Nindya level of Child Friendly City award through involving various crosssectoral stakeholders and placing children as “Pioneers and Reporters” in involvement in the Children’s Forum. The Samarinda City Child Friendly City program has become a pilot area for other regions in East Kalimantan Province. However, the comprehensive fulfillment of children’s rights has still not been achieved, especially for children in the street, homeless, beggars and children who have been married early. There is a need for cooperation between the Samarinda City Women’s Empowerment and Child Protection Service and the Social Service that is more progressive in handling these children’s cases to fulfill their rights better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the growing importance of the multidimensional methods of assessing child poverty, few studies in the U.S. have applied a rights-based approach to examining child deprivation. This study examines multidimensional child deprivation using eight dimensions and twelve indicators based on the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). Using a sample of children at age nine from the fifth wave of the Future of Families and Child Well-being Study, this study applied the multiple overlapping deprivation analysis (MODA), a comprehensive analytic method to assess the multidimensionality of child deprivation and to provide a detailed picture of material and social forms of deprivation among the U.S. children. This study found that the overall child deprivation rate was 8.89%; environmental safety (20.36%), information (15.94%), and housing security (14.23%) dimensions contributed the highest to the overall child deprivation; the overlap between deprivation and income poverty was 12.83%. Results suggest that understanding multifaceted and interrelated contexts of child deprivation is crucial to promote child rights.

AbstractNowadays, media platforms are a catalyst for sculpturing a society’s mindset. Especially within a societal context characterized by skepticism towards the culture of human rights, the proliferation of misinformation has exerted a detrimental impact on public sentiment, thereby amplifying skepticism towards the culture of human rights. The objective of this study is to examine the misuse of media platforms in the dissemination of misinformation regarding the culture of human rights. The paper offers a legal analysis of our case study regarding the controversy surrounding the Jordanian child rights draft law. The paper analyses the practice of disseminating misinformation via media platforms through three main lenses: discourse, trust, and social practice. It also examines the intersection between these lenses through the example of the Jordanian child rights draft law controversy.

Inclusive teaching places importance on teachers providing opportunities for students to have some input in their learning, and this is often referred to in the literature as student voice; with Article 12 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child typically used to justify this practice. However, student voice is defined and implemented differently by teachers and researchers. This paper seeks to position student voice within the inclusive teaching approach of differentiated instruction. This qualitative study features the voices and perspectives of Australian primary school students (aged between 11 and 12 years) on student voice and their teachers' responsiveness to this consultation for one unit of work. Data collection included an end of unit survey and focus group interviews. Two themes were identified through thematic analysis: student choice and engagement. Overall, the students in this study expressed that they want more voice and choice in their learning in the future. With increasing expectations on teachers to differentiate instruction in response to the diverse needs of students, teachers may consider adopting voice-inclusive practice to inform planning and adopt more participatory pedagogy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adoption of Ukrainian children, by US citizens, is examined as the Ukrainian government ceases adoptions of children during the chaos of war. Intercountry adoption dynamics are presented with data from 2021, prior to the conflict in 2022. Then, the situation regarding child rights and the official Ukrainian government position are considered. Implications for guardianship and foster care of unaccompanied refugee minors are presented along with other critical risks to Ukrainian children living in another country. Implications for social work practice are concluded and child rights advocacy is encouraged as a macro intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The peace and prosperity of societies and the better quality and efficiency of their future lives are closely related to the personal characteristics of the individuals who make up the society. The basis for individuals to have a useful, productive and respected character for society is childhood. A peaceful and happy childhood spent in accordance with child development leads to a healthy and productive adulthood. One of the most important factors in raising children and ensuring that they have a childhood suitable for child development is children's rights. According to the current law implemented in our country, every individual who has not reached the age of 18 is considered a child. What children's rights are and how much they are protected by the legal system play an important role in the child's development. There are many regulations in our Constitution and legal articles regarding children's rights, especially the child's right to life. International agreements have the value of law, and with the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, to which Turkey is a party, children in our country are protected by religion, language, race, nationality, gender, etc. has many of the rights included in this agreement, without any discrimination. Unfortunately, juvenile delinquency has become one of the serious problems of every society because of the nature of children in need of protection, their ability to understand the meaning and importance of the acts or behaviors they have committed or will commit, and therefore they can be easily deceived. This situation is one of the most important problems in our country. In our study, juvenile delinquency, the reasons that push children to crime and the legal provisions that will be applied to them will be discussed in the context of children's rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current intensification of Israel's on-going war on Gaza has killed over 25,000 people in less than four months; half of them children. Nearly 60,000 people have been injured, almost all civilians, and many of them children (UNICEF). Many more thousands are missing beneath the rubble caused by the 25,000 tonnes of explosives that have been dropped on Gaza since October 7, equivalent to two nuclear bombs. The IPC has reported that the entire population of 2.2 million people is facing acute food. In this viewpoint we argue that it is not tenable as critical childhood studies scholars to remain silent in the face of these grave and systematic violations of children's rights due to Israel's actions in the occupied Palestinian territories and especially in Gaza. We argue for an end to the violations of children's protection in international law, an immediate ceasefire, the restoration of schools and hospitals, and immediate provision of humanitarian aid including food, water and medicine. We urge scholars to use their academic platforms to vociferously oppose the ongoing murder, disablement and bereavement of children by Israel, not only in Gaza, but also in the occupied West Bank, East Jerusalem, and the rest of Palestine-Israel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the efficacy of creative drama as an intervention to enhance the recognition and enforcement of child rights among women subjected to early and coerced marriages. Conducted with twenty women from the Bağcılar district of Istanbul, all under the age of 45 who experienced forced marriages at a young age, the intervention consisted of ten creative drama workshops each lasting three hours at the Med Culture Center. The research employed a qualitative methodology, beginning with in-depth interviews to gather initial data on participants' views of 'early marriage' and 'childhood.' Following the interviews, participants engaged in drama-based activities designed to educate them about their rights as children. The qualitative analysis of workshop outcomes suggests a significant increase in awareness about child rights violations and positive contributions to participants' emotional, cognitive, and behavioral development. These workshops were instrumental in deepening understanding of essential child rights, including education, protection, health, justice, freedom of expression, leisure, and safe living conditions, thus promoting a comprehensive acknowledgment of their rights until the age of 18. The findings indicate that creative drama significantly raised awareness about the detrimental effects of early and forced marriages. Participants reported a newfound sense of empowerment and the ability to recognize and advocate for their rights and those of their children. The study also emphasizes the transformative potential of creative drama in providing a supportive environment for participants to express their experiences and reflect on their personal growth. The implications of this research suggest that creative drama can be a powerful tool in combating early marriages by fostering awareness, resilience, and self-efficacy among affected women, ultimately contributing to broader societal change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The United Arab Emirates (UAE) has taken a strong stance against cyber child pornography by enacting new laws and implementing legal measures to prevent and punish offenders. This article examines the legal framework in the UAE related to cyber child pornography, with a particular focus on the new Federal Law No. 34 of 2021 on Combating Rumours and Cybercrimes, as well as Federal Law No. 3 of 2016 on Child Rights. Additionally, the paper explores the compatibility of the UAE's relevant laws with the Council of Europe (CoE) Convention on Cybercrime. This article highlights the significance of having laws in place to combat cyber child pornography and provides recommendations for further improvement in the UAE's response to these crimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pediatric surgeons need to learn to give as much importance to the ethical approach as they have been giving to the systemic methodology in their clinical approach all along. The law of the land and the governmental rules also need to be kept in mind before deciding the final solution. They need to always put medical problems in the background of ethical context, reach a few solutions keeping in mind the available resources, and apply the best solution in the interest of their pediatric patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the methods and opportunities for SCC’s meaningful participation that recognize their agency and are aligned with General Comment No. 21 (GC21) to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) on Children in Street Situations (UNCRC, 1989). This article explains the application of CINI’s core practice models which explains the child centrality in development practices for “turning rights into practice for children” derived from the Sustainable Development Goals, principles of Human Rights, UNCRC, and General Comment No. 20 (2016). The Institutional knowledge was practiced through child-led action research with street- connected children which resulted in the development of agency among SCC, peer researchers, and child advocates for resilience building within their community during COVID-19. Child in Need Institute (CINI) has been working with SCC since 1989 and has derived a rich body of experience from the interventions. CINI applied participatory approaches to practice, research, decision-making, and policy development; thus, facilitating children in the process of systematically gathering information with their peers, identifying key issues and problems faced by SCC, and securing support from duty bearers that were required for the survival within their situations. Drawing on the approach undertaken and the tools used in the participatory research and advocacy, this article reflects upon the processes and strategies that worked out in facilitating SCC’s ability to exercise agency and resilience through evidence generation and advocacy during COVID-19 and the associated lockdown and beyond. Through capacity building on research tools, leadership and communication skills, SCC can build concrete evidence of their vulnerabilities and the gaps that pose as barriers to their access to existing support mechanisms. This evidence helps them to prioritize the solutions that are required to bring changes in their lives and that of their peers, with which they can advocate at different platforms that promote dialogs and negotiations between children and duty-bearers. A participatory research project funded by Wellcome Trust focused on the vulnerabilities faced by street-connected young people and the access to services available to them. It revealed the lack of understanding regarding SCC and their invisibility in data and planning of support services, the gaps in access to healthcare services, the social determinants of health including safety, and their exclusion in platforms for dialogs with duty bearers. They took these issues to local government leaders, service providers, and national and international advocacy platforms; and suggested solutions to local and world leaders to bring changes in their situations. This resulted in a marked increase in the responsiveness of service providers toward SCC during the period of COVID-19, and the increased agency and negotiation skills of peer leaders to support their communities and demand solutions during the period of COVID-19 and associated lockdown.

The article delves into the theoretical and legal dimensions of safeguarding children's rights within the framework of enforcement proceedings guarantees. It presents the guarantee system as comprising various elements, such as procedural oversight, appeals mechanisms against executor actions, measures for holding violators accountable, involvement of relevant professionals, and the normative regulation of rights and obligations for all participants. Through legislative analysis and practical examination, the article asserts that safeguarding children's rights in enforcement proceedings unfolds in two primary facets: protection of property rights and protection of personal non-property rights. In the realm of property rights, emphasis is placed on securing child support payments from debtor parents to foster the child's well-rounded development. Additionally, it addresses preventing the eviction of a minor from mortgaged housing in cases involving parents-mortgagors. For the protection of non-property rights, measures include child removal, establishment of visitation rights, and removal of obstacles to visitation. The article underscores the importance of sound reasoning and evidence when considering temporary child placement and ensures debtors receive copies of enforcement proceedings decisions during searches. It advocates for petitioning the court to amend or clarify visitation-related decisions. Special attention is given to the involvement of professionals such as doctors, teachers, and psychologists in enforcement proceedings to safeguard minors' rights, ensuring their mental and physical well-being and preventing potential abuse by involved parties

This paper is a study of 14 media houses in Malawi and it looks at coverage of human rights issue from various dimensions. A questionnaire was administered to journalists of diverse levels at these media houses to gather data concerning the research. The targeted media houses are located in the main urban centres of Malawi and include radio, television and newspaper publishers. The findings indicate that training, lack of specialised units in newsrooms, inadequate reference materials and reluctance by officials to give out required information are some of the issues that are hampering coverage of human rights stories in the country. The paper also looks at suggestions made by journalists to help improve reportage of human rights in Malawi. It then makes recommendations based on evidence gathered through the questionnaires on how the media and other concerned stakeholders can work together for better human rights reporting in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the Castle Oaks Learning Portfolio, highlighting efforts to promote Truth and Reconciliation, Indigenous education, and children's rights. Topics include learning about Call to Action, advocating for truth through letters to leaders, and exploring social justice issues impacting Indigenous People.

In the scientific article, the author conducted a scientific study of the peculiarities of the legal status of guardianship and guardianship bodies in Ukraine and other countries. On the basis of the conducted research, the author came to the conclusion that guardianship and guardianship bodies are distinguished by various authorities - local bodies of state executive power and local self-government bodies, separate departments of these bodies, services for children, which function under local state administrations and local councils, and as well as advisory and advisory support bodies. At the same time, the scientific literature notes the inexpediency of such a wide list of guardianship and guardianship bodies and the need to empower these bodies only with services for children. In the family law doctrine, there is no unanimity regarding the definition of the powers of the guardianship and guardianship authorities, which relate to the protection of the rights and legitimate interests of the child; they are contained in special legislation, which, however, does not fully correspond to each other and provides for the presence of a number of bodies that do not actually function or carry out activities formally, without having the appropriate competence (commissions for the protection of children’s rights, departments of local state administrations), or at the same time function two bodies that are subordinate to each other (local state administrations and services for children). In the family law doctrine, there is no certainty in the issue of recognition of guardianship bodies and care by subjects of family relations; some scientists attribute them to the subjects of administrative-procedural relations or to the participants of legal relations of a complex nature, which are partly family, while others distinguish them as subjects of family relations. Analogues of guardianship and guardianship bodies in the states of the European Union and candidate states for EU membership are various types of bodies, including quasi-judicial ones, which perform both the functions of appointing, approving or dismissing a guardian, as well as supervising the observance of the rights of the child by its guardian (in France these functions are divided between the “family council” and the “guardianship judge”). Also, these bodies make decisions in family disputes regarding determining a child’s surname, establishing his origin, his upbringing and maintenance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting from the different ideas of the great philosophers regarding the optimal age to make philosophy, this article aims to expose the essential arguments that justify the importance of philosophical debates among children, as well as the purpose of philosophy in childhood. In addition, attempts are made to provide answers to the question: What prevails in childhood: good or bad? It is thus found that although bad is present during childhood, it can also have beneficial effects in the further development of the child. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A changing view of children, accelerated by the Convention of the Rights of the Child (UN in Convention on the rights of the child, UN Doc. A/RES/44/25, 1989, http://www..ohchr.org/english/law/pdf/crc.pdf) has shifted the landscape of child and family research over the last few decades. Once viewed with low credibility and operating outside the interpretive framework of adult researchers, the rights-bearing child is increasingly recognized not only as having the capacity but also the right to participate in research. More recently, this movement has transitioned from the direct engagement of children as research participants—now considered commonplace, although less so for those who are structurally vulnerable—to the involvement of children in research design, review, conduct, and dissemination. Yet, both practical and ethical challenges remain. While children have the right to participation, they also have the right to protection. In this commentary, we set out to: (i) lay forth epistemic, child rights, and child sociology arguments for doing research about, with and by children and youth; (ii) recount our own journey of including children and youth in research to demonstrate the unique knowledge and insights gained through these approaches; and (iii) offer lessons learned on how to engage children and youth in research, including the involvement of structurally vulnerable groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article demonstrates how implementing a rights-based research methodology can contribute to the theory and practice of climate change research and education with young children. The argument stems from a child rights-based participatory study that sought to explore young children's own perspectives of Nature under the education right, Article 29 1 (e) of the UNCRC. The study took place over nine-months in an early childhood setting in Ireland. It illustrated that with the necessary resources (time, flexibility in research agenda and a listening adult) children define their own education and participatory rights. Drawing on these insights, and integrating scholarship from children's rights, early childhood pedagogy, and education for sustainable development (ESD), this article advocates for a methodological approach to climate research and education that foregrounds children's agency. I argue that children must be positioned as rights-holders within their educational settings and have their views heard and included in curriculum making. I also argue, in virtue of listening within it, that early childhood (EC) pedagogy mutually reinforces authentic child participation. I offer seven key strategies designed with the participants that could be adopted by practitioners wishing to engage in a child rights-based ESD approach; creating a meaningful listening environment, reconceptualising the term 'expertise knowledge', taking time for ongoing reflexivity, maintaining an 'ethical radar', understanding each other, ensuring meaningful participation, and balancing power dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The aim of the study was to have youth participate in the design and implementation of a research project set within a child rights framework to better understand high schoolers’ perceptions of safety in their school and community. Results Between June 2020 and March 2021, a team of East Harlem, New York high school students, participated as co-researchers to modify the United Nations Children's Fund Child Friendly Cities Initiative Survey to suit their needs. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the final survey was conducted through an online remote classes system during advisory school classes, accompanied by brief focused group discussions. The novel process of conducting an interactive qualitative and quantitative virtual survey during a pandemic via youth participatory action research is outlined in this paper. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that youth participatory action research can be utilized as part of a child rights framework approach to assess the views of youth regarding community safety and violence prevention.

Abstract Background Nearly all countries have ratified the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and, therefore, support children having access to their rights. However, only a small minority of children worldwide have access to their environmental, economic, and social rights. The most recent global effort to address these deficits came in 2015, when the United Nations General Assembly agreed to a plan for a fairer and more sustainable future by 2030 and outlined the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). One remediable cause is the lack of revenue in many countries, which affects all SDGs. However, illicit financial flows from low-income to high-income countries, including international tax abuse, continue unabated. Methods Using the most recent estimates of tax abuse perpetuated by multinational companies and tax evasion through offshore wealth, and precise econometric modelling, we illustrate the potential regarding child rights (or progress towards the SDGs) if there was an increase in revenue equivalent to tax abuse in Malawi, a low-income country particularly vulnerable to climate change. The Government Revenue and Development Estimations model provides realistic estimates of government revenue changes in developmental outcomes. Using panel data on government revenue per capita, it models the impact of increased revenue on governance and SDG progress. Results If cross-border tax abuse and tax evasion were curtailed, the equivalent increase in government revenue in one country, Malawi, would be associated with 12,000 and 20,000 people having access to basic water and sanitation respectively each year. Each year, an additional 5000 children would attend school, 150 additional children would survive, and 10 mothers would survive childbirth. Conclusions More children would access their economic and social rights if actions were taken to close the gap in global governance regarding taxation. We discuss the responsibility of duty bearers, the need for a global body to arbitrate and monitor international tax matters, and how the Government of Malawi could take further domestic action to mitigate the gaps in global governance and protect itself against illicit financial flows, including tax abuse.

Children are one of the greatest victims of terrorist attacks and are subject to severe mental and physical harm. Using minors in terrorist actions and suicide operations, ISIS generates extensive moral and physical consequences for the children in addition to psychological ramifications. ISIS differs from other terrorist groups in how it influences children. It regards children as the primary source of its survival. It trains them to carry out suicide operations and terrorist attacks voluntarily. Thus, measures must be adopted to deter ISIS from incorporating and training children. The existing international documents are essential and influential in protecting minors.However, these documents lack effective sanctions. Eliminating the gaps and ambiguities in protecting children involved in suicide operations requires the effort of all members of the international community, collaboration, and solidarity among the international organizations and NGOs to promote the rights of vulnerable groups, such as children. Undoubtedly, the development of international law that has acquired a more humane face can accelerate this trend. International judicial bodies can also contribute to the cooperation and solidarity among the members of the international community.

Research objectives: to investigate the problems of gender and age discrimination in the modern discourse on the protection of children’s reproductive health, to analyze the most important issues including the concept of child reproductive health, normative guarantees in the field of children’s reproductive health, protection of reproductive children’s health in the context of achieving the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations, social obstacles to the proper realization of children’s reproductive rights, etc. Materials and methods. A survey was based on the author’s developed questionnaires in order to find out the level of reproductive health and sexual violence among children. The focus group was formed by 540 children: 288 girls and 252 boys aged 15–18 living in Lviv, Ivano-Frankivsk and Zakarpattia regions. The research period covered the years 2021–2023. The error of the obtained results, taking into account the number of respondents, was 2–3.5%. The questionnaires are designed for anonymous and quick filling. Results. Today’s problems and challenges of an environmental, pandemic, and military nature are partially offset by rapid and continuous improvements in social and economic conditions, along with changes in demographics, lifestyles, the environment, and innovations in medical and therapeutic technologies. In general, there is sufficient number of normative protection guarantees that exist at the normative level. However, the problem is manifested in the fact that declarative norms are often ineffective, as they do not entail real guarantees of an organizational and institutional nature regarding the protection and protection of children’s medical rights. Despite the special needs and vulnerabilities that children face, most services are not organized to recognize or meet these needs. Conclusions. It is substantiated that the family is the most important institution in the socialization of a child, and its life experience plays an important role in ensuring that the child is a healthy individual in the broad sense of this concept, which includes physical and psychological criteria. It has been established that characteristics and relationships in the family, especially in the preschool period (the most critical process of children’s development) can positively or negatively affect the structure of the child’s personality. Sudden changes and extraordinary events experienced by the family in the process of adaptation to social changes can cause the family to experience a crisis situation.

Since the time when the world was labeled as a ‘global village’, and the media as co-creators of social development, there has been a very pronounced public struggle for man and the protection of his rights, which have been won over the past centuries. Along with the expansion of science and technology, new opportunities were also developed to protect human rights with norms or to limit or abolish discrimination. In this sense, the media, which are free, became more and more powerful and important co-creators of the humanization of human behavior. Documents whose purpose and essence is the protection of human rights were gradually written, especially after the tragic experiences of the world wars. The 20th century gave birth to the need for freedom and equality, but in that time, discrimination, especially of children, was not abolished, nor was the media’s attitude towards this issue completely humanized. This paper therefore discusses the importance of the media in the affirmation of children’s rights and, in particular, the need to sensitize both society and the media for the protection and affirmation of human rights, including the rights of children.

This research paper examines the relationship between communication and child rights. Effective communication is crucial for ensuring that children’s rights are protected and promoted. Through communication, children are able to express their views and needs, which is key to realizing their right to freedom of expression and participation. Communication also plays a critical role in protecting children from abuse and neglect. When children are able to communicate with trusted individuals, they can report any illegal actions and protect themselves from further harm. In education, communication is essential for realizing children’s right to education. When children have the opportunity to communicate with their teachers and other school community members, they can learn in a better environment and actively engage in the learning process. The paper is realized in accordance with the communication which is essential for realizing children’s rights in various areas and it is important to provide children with opportunities to communicate and express themselves.