1. Urinary levels of organophosphate flame retardants metabolites in a young population from Southern Taiwan and potential health effects
- Author
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Feng-Shun Chen, Chih-Cheng Chen, Ching-Chang Tsai, Jian-He Lu, Huey-Ling You, Ching-Mei Chen, Wan-Ting Huang, Kai-Fan Tsai, Fu-Jen Cheng, Chia-Te Kung, Shau-Hsuan Li, Chin-Chou Wang, Yu-Che Ou, Wen-Chin Lee, Yu-Ting Chang, Fahimah Hashim, How-Ran Chao, and Liang-Jen Wang
- Subjects
organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) ,OPFR metabolites ,urine ,a broad-spectrum pediatric population ,newborn ,hazardous chemicals ,Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology ,RC648-665 - Abstract
BackgroundOrganophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) are widely distributed in the environment and their metabolites are observed in urine, but little is known regarding OPFRs in a broad-spectrum young population from newborns to those aged 18 years.ObjectivesInvestigate urinary levels of OPFRs and OPFR metabolites in Taiwanese infants, young children, schoolchildren, and adolescents within the general population.MethodsDifferent age groups of subjects (n=136) were recruited from southern Taiwan to detect 10 OPFR metabolites in urine samples. Associations between urinary OPFRs and their corresponding metabolites and potential health status were also examined.ResultsThe mean level of urinary Σ10 OPFR in this broad-spectrum young population is 2.25 μg/L (standard deviation (SD) of 1.91 μg/L). Σ10 OPFR metabolites in urine are 3.25 ± 2.84, 3.06 ± 2.21, 1.75 ± 1.10, and 2.32 ± 2.29 μg/L in the age groups comprising of newborns, 1-5 year-olds, 6-10 year-olds, and 11-18 year-olds, respectively, and borderline significant differences were found in the different age groups (p=0.125). The OPFR metabolites of TCEP, BCEP, DPHP, TBEP, DBEP, and BDCPP predominate in urine and comprise more than 90% of the total. TBEP was highly correlated with DBEP in this population (r=0.845, p
- Published
- 2023
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