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Under the background of the rapid development in internet technology, the whole marketing is developing towards the direction of intelligence and high technology. The novel social network based on internet technology occupies an important part of the marketing, and has also been widely concerned by the academic community, because the internet makes information data transparent, and the mining, analysis and algorithm research of a large amount of data can provide decision support for marketing and intelligent marketing. Modern data mining analysis mode has become the main solution for data problems. With the development of network technology, business intelligence related to the marketing of high-tech products will become the key component of the future business system, which depends on the overall architecture of the cloud and plays a core role in the process of data analysis and mining.

AES encryption algorithm is a universal algorithm, which can be used in many fields, including intelligent marketing. In the field of modern intelligent marketing, every enterprise adopts the platform model to carry out marketing activities, which gives birth to the high-tech intelligent marketing platform. The use of this platform does bring great convenience to marketing activities and effectively improve the success rate and efficiency of marketing. However, with the in-depth use of the intelligent marketing platform, people find that there are many security risks in this platform, including Marketing information may be damaged by people, indicating that the platform needs further optimization. At this time, AES encryption algorithm has become the main method of platform optimization. In order to understand the optimization performance of AES encryption algorithm in the high-tech intelligent marketing platform, this paper will analyze the concept of the algorithm, the existing defects of the platform, the optimization scheme of the platform under the algorithm, and finally simulate the results of the optimization scheme to verify the feasibility of the application of the algorithm.

Taiwan's green mark system has been implemented since 1993. As the “green purchase” clauses are regulated in the government procurement law, Taiwan sets a world precedent and becomes the first state to legislate to promote “green procurement”. The issue arises that leisure hotels face sustainable operation and green energy protection within the climate of reduced customer sources and fierce competition. The paper hence explores three aspects of “purchase, operation and marketing” to evaluate the weight of willingness and decide the priority in association with application of AHP and 12 experts. With the analysis of the AHP, senior executives in the industry expressed there is difficulty in promoting "production history" and "supply chain management". Though recently there have been many food safety incidents in Taiwan, enterprises are pursuing profits instead of emphasizing enterprise social responsibility. In this regard, this study is concerned with how companies pay attention to public issues in business decision-making and contribute to social responsibility despite of reasonable profit-making. This study thus ranks selected indicators and proposes conclusion and suggestion to provide evaluations to the potential green hotel owners.

This research was the first research integrating decision making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) and structural equation modeling (SEM) to analysis factors, including interest in science, value in science and confidence in science, affecting female students’ science achievements from the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 2011. The research constructed two causal models base on mutual effect of value in science and confidence in science by DEMATEL analysis. The causality of two factors in model 1 was value in science affected confidence in science and model 2 vice versa. According to the results of SEM analysis, fit indices of CFI, GFI and AGFI in model 1 were 0.851, 0.796 and 0.745; in model 2 were 0.818, 0.772, and 0.873. And results showed that female students had better fitness in model 1; in other words, the causality of value in science to confidence in science might have an important effect on the science achievement of female students. Lastly, these findings could provide not only a different perspective for future researches but also a useful insight as a reference for policy making and improvement by relevant decision makers.

Evaluating criteria selection has significant impacts on data envelopment analysis (DEA) efficiency estimates. Selecting the proper evaluation criteria lead to successful and meaningful results of decision-making. This study aims to use the Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method to evaluate the most important constructs and criteria and also establish causality relationships among others for financial holding companies (FHCs) of banks’ operating ability in Taiwan. In this research 15 criteria were confirmed through reviewing various articles associated with this issue. Then, the information from the questionnaire was turned into the DEMATEL questionnaire and was distributed among nine experts and also members of the FHCs of Taiwan. The research results show that employees, total assets, total liabilities, non-interest income, income on investments, net profits before tax, net worth, and EPS are eight causal criteria. Furthermore, operating expenses, capital, interest expenses, interest income, operating income, return on assets (ROA), and return on equity (ROE) are seven effect criteria.

Under situations of limited resources, soft powers such as technology development and innovation become critical capabilities for a nation’s continuous growth and sustainability. Therefore, we used...

The 0206 Earthquake, occurring on February 6, 2016, caused the collapse of the Yongkang-Wei Guan building in Tainan City, leading to the death of 115 people and trapping about three hundred people waiting for the rescue. No sooner had the earthquake occurred, the Tainan City Government Fire Department immediately set up a disaster response center and command center to dispatch the rescue team in time, which is appreciated by the citizens. A year after the earthquake, a survey is conducted, aiming to collect and reflect civic opinions and satisfaction on the rescue during 0206 earthquake. Therefore, the purposes of this study are as follows: 1) This survey will facilitate the Tainan city government to device future marketing strategies and continue to promote new policy. 2) This survey will guide Tainan City Government Fire Department on how to enhance the disaster rescue. 3) This survey will serve as the reference for other cities, intending to develop similar fire-fighting tactical strategies.

The purpose of this study is to propose a hybrid method for disaster prevention and relief (DPR) evaluation for Taiwan. Through the hybrid method and evaluation results, the central and local governments of Taiwan could continuously improve and strengthen their DPR system. The main structure of the evaluation is based on the balanced scorecard (BSC), and 15 indicators are gathered from the literature on related issues. These indicators are further analyzed by data envelopment analysis (DEA) and the Malmquist productivity index (MPI) to assess the DPR efficiency of 13 administrative regions in Taiwan. The analysis shows that the DPR system in Taiwan might be improved in Yunlin and Hsinchu City, two administrative regions analyzed during the three stages and time frame studied. The indicators that most significantly affect DPR efficiency are the average number of people served by each government employee or teacher (L1), the supervision score of the Department of Medical Services (DMS) of the Ministry of Health and Welfare (I4), the number of licensed medical practitioners per 10,000 people (C1) and the number of social welfare workers per 10,000 people (C2). These indicators also reflect Taiwan's current shortages in DPR-related and medical personnel. First published online 23 August 2019

In this work, we programmed the plating current to stack the different size of copper (Cu) grain and analyzed the relation between the sequence of different Cu grain size and the stability of the residual stress. The residual stress was measured with varying times of annealing process in order to reach the purpose of simulating the actual Cu interconnect process. We found that varied plating strategy will make different stabilization condition of residual stress through the proof of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and optical parallel beams reflection (PBR) method. The accumulation of Cu grains, formed by Cu grain with successive variation in grain size, would enhance the packing density better than only single grain size in the finite space. The high density of the grain boundary in the electroplated Cu film will be eliminated through annealing process and it will help to suppress the void formation in further interconnect process. The electroplated Cu film with the plating current of saw tooth wave can soon reach a stable tensile stress through annealing since the Cu grains with high packing density will be quickly eliminated to approach the minimum of the strain energy which reflects to variation in the texture of Cu (2 0 0). The result of this work illustrates the importance of how to stack different size of Cu grain, for achieving a densely packed Cu film which close to the Cu bulk.

Sustainability certification labels have become an important tool for aiding consumers in evaluating food safety, health concerns, and environmental friendliness. Few studies have explored the attributes of consumers&rsquo, environmental consciousnesses from the perspective of environmental concerns, hence, we focus on that lack. Our study contributes to the need to better understand consumer attention to sustainability information when making coffee certification attribute choices. We aimed to explore the importance that consumers attach to coffee certification attributes paid to these attributes while choosing and to willingness to pay (WTP). There were 650 questionnaires completed by those who had purchased coffee beans habitually in Taiwan, after factoring out the invalid questionnaires (i.e., those with omitted answers, incomplete answers, or those in which answers to all the questions received the same scale points were all deemed as invalid and removed), 568 valid ones were collected with a recovery rate of 87.4%. The results indicate that the respondents&rsquo, WTP attributes ranked from highest to lowest are traceability, organic, graded, environmentally friendly, and fair-trade certifications. This study provides insights into how consumers&rsquo, preferences relate to selection of coffee certification attributes.

Room-temperature ferromagnetism (RTFM) was revealed in Fe-doped ZnO vertically aligned nanorod arrays grown by hydrothermal synthesis method. The evolution of RTFM properties and ZnO nanorod quality were studied by different growth temperature. At the growth temperature of 80 °C, the vertically aligned ZnO nanorods were well-formed, and Fe readily substituted for Zn in the ZnO nanorod arrays. The weak room temperature ferromagnetism of the Fe-doped ZnO nanorod arrays was determined by magnetization measurements. The morphology and quality of the Fe-doped ZnO nanorods were examined by many structure and composition analysis tools. The Fe atoms were found to be readily incorporated into the ZnO lattice without any precipitation or segregation of the secondary phase in the vertically aligned ZnO nanorod arrays.

This study assessed the operational efficiency of the optoelectronics industry in the Southern Taiwan Science Park (STSP) between 2007 and 2011 by using multiple criteria decision making methods (data envelopment analysis, Malmquist productivity index and Bootstrap). The data analysis showed that during the study period, meaning that the operational efficiency gap among manufacturers in STSP is widening. Among these manufacturers, eight manufacturers exhibited constant returns to scale, which was more than a half of the overall decision making unit (DMU), indicating that the operational scale of these manufacturers was nearing the optimal scale. Based on Malmquist productivity index (MPI) analysis, the factors that affect the operational efficiencies of optoelectronics manufacturers’ were as follow: operational cost, the number of employees, and the amount of fixed assets. The development should be focused on increasing technological efficiency and technological change in the future. Finally, based on Bootstrap, the results showed that the focus should be on the production technology while improving productive efficiency to ensure sustainable development of the entire domestic optoelectronics industry in the future. First published online:02 Nov 2015

The present study used the reflective second harmonic generation (RSHG) method to analyze the quality of the surface layer of implanted Si(111) and to discuss the influence of chamber pressure during rapid thermal annealing. Under a lower chamber pressure, the recrystallization is better, and the defects are eliminated for a higher implanted dose because dopant phosphorus (P) atoms on the surface region more easily out-diffuse at lower chamber pressures. Thus, the occurrence of less out-diffusion makes more P atoms remain on the surface layer and causes larger defects, especially for higher implanted doses. Defects on the surface region are influenced by chamber pressure. In the current work, the RSHG results showed more detailed information by linking secondary ion mass spectrometry and sheet resistance measurement.

This study is based on customer relationship management (CRM). The purpose of the study is to explore the relationship between customer relationship and job satisfaction of financial specialists in perspective of customer treatment satisfaction. The study on customer relationship is divided into five aspects, which are awareness, exploration, expansion, commitment, and dissolution. Job satisfaction is divided into two aspects including internal and external satisfaction. The relationship of the aspects is studied through questionnaires, descriptive statistics, and multiple regression analysis. Results show that CRM and the financial specialist’s satisfaction have significant effects to the financial specialists and customer relationship and the financial specialists and customers satisfaction. Therefore, we would propose to the decision-makers of banks the following recommendations on enforcement of CRM in banks and increase of the financial specialist’s work satisfaction.

As the Taiwanese government gradually opens up the country’s banking sector in recent years, the number of financial institutions of Taiwan has increased rapidly. Until the end of January 2010, the number of the domestic banks is up to 37, the average number of the customers served in each branch is less than 4,000. As all banks wish to be more competitive in such an environment, new advertising and marketing skills are taken. New banking services and technology are also provided in order to attract more customers. The study aims to discuss the relationship among three aspects including the Electronic Customer Relationship Management, Customer Satisfaction, Customer Loyalty, and we choose Bank Sinopac users as subject. In addition, the following results are concluded by statistics and analysis: 1. Using e-CRM had obvious on the customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. 2. Customer satisfaction had obvious on the customer loyalty.

This study attempts to help cities enhance their competitiveness, doing so primarily by demonstrating the competitiveness of individual cities through economic indicators. This study focuses primarily on 20 major cities in Taiwan and China. Using annual data for each city over the period 2001–2007, this study observes the relative efficiency of major cities on both sides of the Taiwan Strait with the authentication of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model and Bootstrap confidence interval model. This study measures the long-term competitiveness achieved through urban changes through the Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI) and also measures the structural productivity changes to understand the strengths and weaknesses of individual cities as well as differences in their competitiveness, and to establish future development directions for each city. Finally, this study applies the Bootstrap to obtain an accurate confidence interval for evaluating the accuracy of various efficiency indicators through the MPI. ...

Under the trend of flourishing development and rapid transformation in global financial markets, the domestic financial service industry needs to adjust their strategies more actively to accommodate to such a global trend. As these changes can not be implemented without manpower, the importance of human resources is more signifi cant then ever. The human resource management performance plays a vital role in reinforcing a company's competitive advantage. The way to measure human resource performance is an essential part in evaluating competitiveness. Academics and professionals have pay attention to developing the model measuring human resource performance. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to develop a human resource performance measurement model that is suitable for Taiwan's financial service industry through the collection and summarization of the literatures about human resource management, performance evaluation, balance scorecard and human resource performance, in conjunction with expert surve...

We demonstrate the effect of annealing pressure on the redistribution of phosphorus dopants in silicon. The phosphorus concentration in the kink region is dependent on the annealing pressure that enhances the phosphorous transient out-diffusion. The phosphorous in-diffusion in the tail region is suppressed by this transient out-diffusion under low annealing pressure (below the atmosphere), and the surface shallow junction depth is reduced. The phenomenon of dose loss caused by the phosphorous piling-up or sublimation at the surface has an influence on the electrical characteristics and the surface roughness. Moderate annealing pressure can reduce the junction depth and only slightly increase the sheet resistance and surface roughness.

Lubricant is one of the important resources that cannot be disposed of randomly due to the presence of pollutants. In response to economic efficiency and environmental protection, there is a growing trend of regeneration and reuse of waste lubricant. However, the technologies shall be compared to provide a useful reference for the use of waste lubricant. The major aim of this paper is to use analytic hierarchy process to select, analyze, and compare the regenerative technologies, thus laying a basis for the governmental bodies in policy making of lubricant recovery as well as for industrial operators in deciding the recovery methods.

Recently, environmental protection and regulations such as WEEE, ELV, and RoHS are rapidly emerging as an important issue for business to consider. The trend of swinging from end-of-pipe control to product design, green innovation, and even the establishment of image or brand has affected corporations in almost every corner in the world, and enlarged to the all modern global production network. Corporations must take proactive environmental strategies to response the challenges. This study adopts balanced scorecard structure and aim at automobile industries to understand the relationships of internal and external, financial and non-financial, and outcome and driving factors. Further relying on these relationships to draw the "map of environment strategy" to probe and understand the feasibility of environmental performance evaluation and environmental strategy control.

Epidemiologic data on esophageal cancer in Asia are extremely limited. We examined temporal trends in the incidence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA) in Taiwan. Patients with esophageal cancer were identified from the Taiwan Cancer Registry between 1979 and 2003. Age-standardized incidences of ESCC and EA were calculated based on the national census and world standard population. Trends in incidence rates were estimated by calculating the annual percentage change (APC). The age-standardized incidence of ESCC increased progressively (from 1979–1983 to 1999–2003: 2.63 to 4.37 per 100,000-year), with an APC higher in male (3.27%, P < 0.0001) than that in female (1.23%, P = 0.03). Though the crude incidence of EA progressively increased in both gender (male: 0.28–0.49 per 100,000-year; female 0.07–0.11 per 100,000-year), the age-standardized incidence of EA is similar along the study period with an APC of 0.72% (P = 0.20) in male and 1.59% (P = 0.30) in female. In Taiwan, the incidence of ESCC significantly increased from 1979 to 2003, whereas the incidence of EA remained unchanged. Although EA incidence has not recently increased, it could in the future.

This study attempts to apply the data envelopment analysis to approach the performance of the credit departments of farmers’ associations in Taiwan. Based on the structure of the data envelopment analysis approach, this study measures the relative efficiency for credit departments of farmers’ associations in Taiwan via resource redistribution. When the amount of resource is fixed, it can be distributed to each unit within an organization in a better way. It is intended to find the possible improvements for those inefficient credit departments of farmers’ associations. The empirical results show that the overall efficiency scores of the teams indicate is not best and scale for credit departments of farmers’ associations in Taiwan is relatively small. It implies that the reorganization of the credit departments of farmers’ associations may be appropriate if more efficient organization is to be pursued. Finally the reorganization of the credit departments of farmers’ associations are studies, evidences show ...

In this study data envelopment analysis models were applied to evaluate the relative efficiencies of the credit departments of farmers’ associations (CDFAs) in Taiwan. The findings show that the overall efficiency scores are not best and scale for CDFAs in Taiwan is relative small. It implies that the reorganization of the CDFAs may be appropriate if more efficient organization is to be pursued. Thus, this study investigated CDFAs reorganization to increase the efficiency. The proposed CDFAs reorganization alternatives have higher average efficiency scores than the current CDFAs.

The island nucleation in the context of heterogeneous thin film growth is often complicated by the growth kinetics involved in the subsequent thermodynamics. We show how the evolution of sputtered Zn island nucleation on Si(111) by magnetron sputtering in a large area can be completely understood as a model system by combining reflective second harmonic generation (RSHG), a 2D pole figure with synchrotron X-ray diffraction. Zn dots are then oxidized on the surfaces when exposed to the atmosphere as Zn/ZnO dots. Derived from the RSHG patterns of Zn dots at different growth times, the Zn dots grow following a unique transition from kinetic to thermodynamic control. Under kinetic-favoring growth, tiny Zn dots prefer arranging themselves with a tilted c-axis to the Si(111) substrate toward any of the sixfold in-plane Si directions. Upon growth, the Zn dots subsequently evolve themselves to a metastable state with a smaller tilting angle toward selective directions. As the Zn dots grow over a critical size, they become most thermodynamically stable with the c-axis vertical to the Si(111) substrate. For a system with large lattice mismatch, small volume dots take kinetic pathways with insignificant deviations in energy barriers.

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a method that uses a mathematical programming model to determine the relative efficiency of a decision-making unit, and gives optimal weight for a set of inputs and outputs. The scores of the weights will generally differ from unit to unit and this flexibility in the choice of weights is both a strength and a weakness of this approach. The strength is that the weight generated will be fair and equitable, and not affected by subjective factors. The weakness is that, if the weight is selected intentionally, it may then make the decision-making unit relatively efficient, and its efficiency will not necessarily come from an inherent efficiency, but from the selection of the weight. Is the score of the relative efficiency obtained using such an innate weight fair, reasonable, and acceptable? This question is addressed in order to integrate the subjective and objective weights restriction method, so that the results of the evaluation can be more realistic. The study concludes ...

The primary modelling tools used to analyse regional economic issues include econometric forecasting models, fixed price input–output (I–O) multi-sector models, social accounting matrix (SAM) and computable general equilibrium (CGE) models. CGE models combine the advantages of econometric, I–O models and SAM, strengthening the theoretical basis of the modelling effort and thus enabling more precise policy analysis. Current CGE literature includes models used to analyse international trade, tax reform, energy and environment issues. However, application of this technique on a regional scale is rare in the scientific literature. In this paper, a small regional computable general equilibrium model is constructed and applied to analyse the economic impact of constructing Tainan science-based industrial park (TSBIP) locating in southern Taiwan. The research results provide a valuable reference for decision-makers in formulating industrial and regional policies, as well as helping business managers with strateg...

The objective of this article was to measure the productivity of CDFAs of the NAN-TOU County in Taiwan over the period of 1995-2004. This study calculated the Malmquist productivity index by using the nonparametric frontier approach, and decomposed the index into two components: technical change and efficiency change. Empirical results showed that the productivity change of CDFAs in NAN-TOU County ranged from DMU 2'ss -6.4% to DMU 8's -3.8% over the sampled period. The decomposition of Malmquist index into efficiency change and technical change showed that, on average, the productivity change was due to scale change rather than pure efficiency change.

The objective of this research was to construct organisational innovation dimensions and the associated evaluation index for Taiwan's high-tech industries, in order to evaluate Taiwan's current level of ability in this area, and provide a guideline for businesses. In addition, an organisational innovation model was also constructed to serve as a basis for innovation theory. The research methods employed included a literature review, in-depth interviews and small group techniques, which were used as a first step towards constructing an organisational innovation measurement model. Before constructing the organisational innovation measurement model for the present study, a weighted measurement index was created by means of an analytic hierarchy process, multivariate analysis of variance and factor analysis, in order to confirm the index and the organisational innovation cause and effect relationship. After the organisational innovation model was constructed, the empirical study concluded that the most important dimensions for measuring organisational innovation included product innovation, process innovation and organisational structure and climate innovation.

A decision model is developed to help managers select the most appropriate sequences of plans for product Research and Development (R and D) projects that have strict constraints on budget, time, and resources. In recent years, many organizations have changed from a discipline orientation to a focus on integrated programs and related outcomes. For decision-maker of these high-profile R and D programs, it is critical to understand which activities are most important, considering both investment feasibility and cost-effectiveness. This study proposes a two-dimensional decision model that integrates analytic hierarchy process (subjective judgment method) and data envelopment analysis (objective judgment method) to perform this essential task. Based on information about these two decision science tools, the model develops a two-axis evaluation space for research alternatives. By locating particular activities in this decision space, a program manager can compare and prioritize alternative research investments.

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) has become a practicable approach to evaluate the relative efficiencies of decision-making units (DMUs) in various contexts. This paper conducted a DEA study to measure the relative efficiencies of 13 Credit Department of Farmers¡¦ Associations (CDFAs) of the NAN-TOU County in Taiwan. In addition, this paper also investigated the alternatives for reorganizing the CDFAs via efficiency measurement. The results showed that the proposed reorganization alternatives have better efficiency scores.

In this paper, the three most common regional impac t analysis models- Input-Output (I-O), Social Accounting Matrix (SAM), and Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model - were constructed and applied to analyze the economic impact of constructing Tainan Science-Based Industr ial Park (TSBIP) locating in the Southern Taiwan. Model results show that the impacts of the program on the regional economy were marginal in terms of output, income, and employment. In general, the SAM yielded the largest impact estimate followed by I-O, with the CGE yielding the smallest change. The research results provide a val uable reference for decision-makers in formulating industrial and regional policies, as well as helping business managers with strategic planning.

The primary modeling tools used to analyze regional economic issues include econometric forecasting models, fixed price Input-Output (I-O) multi-sector models, Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) and Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) models. CGE models combine the advantages of econometric, I-O models and SAM strengthening the theoretical basis of the modeling effort and thus enabling more precise policy analysis. The current CGE literature includes models used to analyze international trade, tax reform, energy and environmental issues etc. However, application of this technique on a regional scale is rare in the scientific literature. In this study, a small regional computable general equilibrium model is constructed and applied to analyze the economic impact of constructing Tainan Science-Based Industrial Park (TSBIP) locating in the Southern Taiwan. The research results provide a valuable reference for decision-makers in formulating industrial and regional policies, as well as helping business managers with strategic planning.

Background: Urological manifestations are rare in acute appendicitis. Although acute urinary retention (AUR) is more commonly found in elderly patients, any previous cases reported have been under the age of 30. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence, clinical presentation, and results of adult appendicitis patients presenting with AUR. AUR is defined as the sudden inability to urinate with obstructive symptoms. Methods: A retrospective case note review of 480 adult patients (≧18 years) with appendicitis, diagnosed at the Veterans General Hospital-Taipei over a 3-year period, was carried out. Results: Six patients (1.3% of the adults or 3.9% of the elderly patients), 5 men and 1 woman averaging 71.5 years of age, presented with AUR. Associated existing diseases were benign prostatic hyperplasia in 2 of the males and surgical repair for uterine prolapse in the only female. The mean duration from initial gastrointestinal symptoms to AUR was 1.7 days. The quantity of residual urine ranged from 180 to 450 ml. All patients had persistent right lower quadrant tenderness and hematuria. Five (83.3%) were found to have a perforated appendix at operation, and their average hospital stay was 14.7 (8–29) days. Conclusions: AUR may occur as an initial presentation in acute complicated appendicitis in the elderly. It has been reported that the prolonged hospital stay might be related to the delayed diagnosis and resulting complications arising in these patients. Primary care physicians need to be reminded that this common genitourinary complaint may arise in patients with acute appendicitis. When confronted with a geriatric patient presenting with AUR, one should entertain an alternative diagnosis and a reexamination of the patient is mandatory.

The Malmquist Index (MI) is a bilateral index that can be used to compare the production technology of two economies also as two different time status of one economy. Since, the nurse-to-bed ratio is the standard quantitative indicators of changes in technical efficiency, changes in technology, and total factor productivity in the medical service industry; we explore the link between the nurse-to-bed ratio and three MIs at the industry level using Twainese context. Our results show that the annual average nurse-to-bed ratio is inversely related to changes in efficiency in large cities. However, in medium-sized cities, annual changes in the average nurse-to-bed ratio are inversely related to the total factor productivity. We propose four assessment models to assist in the formulation of strategies aimed at improving the quality of care as well as productivity while considering the particulars of individual cities and regions

This study is to overview several methodological related to the decomposition approach based on the energy consumption. Based on a comparison of the size of the residual term that the adaptive weighting Divisia and the simple average Divisia index method, is most robust, exhibiting the smallest residual term. A complete decomposition model also introduced here has solved a residual problem.

We report on the effects of post-annealing on ZnO nanorods array using optical second harmonic generation (SHG). The high-quality and nearly vertically aligned ZnO nanorod arrays were deposited on ZnO-seeded glass substrates by aqueous solution method. The SHG result indicated the transformation of oxygen deficiency on ZnO nanorods surface after post-annealing treatment process. The chemical composition of the nanorods was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The corresponding structural properties of the nanorod arrays were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction.