Search

When the drug induces the organism to produce a type Ⅰ allergic reaction, the combination of IgE and mast cells results in the degranulation of the mast cells. Release of vasoactive substances, increase in vascular permeability, and exudation of intravascular substances outside the blood vessels. Based on this pathophysiological mechanism, a mouse model that can objectively and quantitatively assess the allergic response to the injection has been established. ICR mice were sensitised by intraperitoneal injection of different doses of OVA once every two days for three times. 14 days after the last sensitization, a combination OVA solution of 4 times the sensitizing dose and Evans blue were injected intravenously into mice for the challenge. Compared with the normal group, OVA 0.625/2.5, 1.25/5, 2.5/10, 5/20 mg·kg~(-1) sensitized and challenged can induce allergic reactions mainly manifested by blue staining of the auricle in mice. Direct injection of OVA intravenously did not cause an auricular blue colouration reaction in mice. The passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction in mice was conducted with the aforementioned OVA-sensitized mouse serum, and there were obvious blue spots on the mouse's back. In addition, the content of anti-OVA-IgE in 5 mg·kg~(-1) OVA-sensitized mice was significantly increased. Ears and lungs of mice sensitized to OVA showed evident exudation inflammation. Significantly elevated inflammatory factors(VEGF and IL-10) were also detected in the serum of OVA-sensitized mice. The equivalent dose of OVA caused obvious allergic reactions in both guinea pigs and mice. Compared with nude mice, ICR and BALB/c mice are more sensitive to OVA sensitization. Injections of selected TCMI did not induce type Ⅰ allergic reactions in mice and guinea pigs, but there was a risk of inducing pseu-doallergic reactions in mice. The model is problematic and may well reflect the sensitization effect of allergens. It obtains the benefits of simple operation, accuracy, low cost, easy extension, and high repeatability. It is suitable for predicting and researching for IgE-dependent type Ⅰ allergic reactions.

Objective. To observe the effect of trastuzumab and cisplatin combined with irinotecan in the treatment of advanced Her-2 positive gastric cancer and its influence on disease control rate. Methods. From January 2018 to January 2021, 120 patients with advanced Her-2 positive gastric cancer admitted to our hospital were selected as the research subjects. According to the treatment plan of the patients, they were divided into a control group and a joint group, with 60 cases in each group; the control group was given trastuzumab + cisplatin, the joint group was treated with irinotecan on this basis, and the clinical effects and disease control rate of the two groups were observed. Results. After treatment, there were 4 patients with CR in the joint group and 0 patients with CR in the control group. The ORR and DCR of the joint group were significantly higher than those of the control group ( P < 0.05 ). The expression levels of CA199, CEA, and CA724 after treatment in the two groups were significantly reduced ( P < 0.05 ), and the reduction in the joint group after treatment was more evident as compared with the control group ( P < 0.05 ). The joint group witnessed better memory function, physical function, behavioral function, emotional function, and communication function than the control group ( P < 0.05 ), and the scores of all dimensions of the two groups of patients after treatment were superior to those before treatment ( P < 0.05 ). The occurrence of side effects was not statistically different between the two groups of patients ( P > 0.05 ). The 1-year survival rate of the control group was 41.67%, the PFS was 6.33 ± 1.02 months, and the OS was 15.51 ± 2.16 months; the 1-year survival rate of the joint group was 43.33%, and the PFS was 8.05 ± 1.07 months, and OS was 16.03 ± 2.44 months; there was no significant difference in the 1-year survival rate between the two groups ( P > 0.05 ), the difference in PFS between the groups was significant (t = 9.013, P < 0.001 ), and the difference in OS between the groups was not significant (t = 1.236, P = 0.219 ). Conclusion. Trastuzumab + cisplatin combined with irinotecan yields a promising result in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer. It can effectively regulate the expression level of tumor markers, delay disease progression, and improve the quality of life of patients. Moreover, irinotecan will not bring more toxic side effects.

As a dangerous disease with rapid progression, endotoxemia is easy to induce the damage to multiple organs. However, its specific and efficient treatment methods are still lacking at present. Both Qingkailing Injection(QKLI) and Shengmai Injection(SMI) have been proved effective in anti-inflammation, anti-endotoxin and organ protection. In this study, carrageenan and endotoxin were injected successively into rats to establish an endotoxemia model. Different doses of QKLI and SMI were administered to the endotoxemia rats by intraperitoneal injection separately or in combination. Then the count of white blood cells, the number of platelets, the content of cytokines, biochemical indexes, organ coefficient and pathological changes of main organs in the rats were detected. The results showed that the rats in the model group had obvious symptoms of endotoxemia, i.e., leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, increase in cytokines(IL-6 and TNF-α) and biochemical indexes of liver and kidney function as well as pathological damage to liver, kidney and lung. QKLI alone can alleviate the above symptoms of endotoxemia and the organ injury. SMI alone is less effective in improving disseminated intravascular coagulation(DIC) and cytokine secretion complicated with endotoxemia, but capable of reducing the inflammation degree of the lung, liver and kidney. The combination of QKLI and SMI remarkably increased the number of platelets in the peripheral blood, improved the liver and kidney function and reduced inflammatory factors, with lung, liver, kidney and other organ structures protected well. Moreover, the improvement effect of the combination of QKLI and SMI was stronger than those of the two injections alone at fixed doses, indicative of a synergistic effect.

This study aimed to investigate the association of vitiligo with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its relevant components.We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Embase databases from inception to March 30, 2021, for relevant studies. Cross-sectional and case-control studies that reported either the prevalence or odds ratio [OR] of MetS or its components in vitiligo patients were included. Data were pooled using either random-effects model or fixed-effects model according to the heterogeneity.Thirty studies with a total of 28,325 vitiligo patients were included. Significant associations were found between vitiligo and diabetes mellitus (pooled OR, 3.30; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 2.10-5.17) and between vitiligo and obesity (pooled OR, 2.08; 95 % CI, 1.40-3.11). The overall prevalence of hypertension in the patients with vitiligo was 19.0 % (95 % CI, 2.0 %-36.0 %).Our findings suggest the association of vitiligo with diabetes mellitus, obesity, and hypertension. It is recommended for dermatologists to take these associations into account so as to identify potential comorbidities promptly in vitiligo patients. Additionally, vitiligo patients are advised to monitor the indexes including BMI, blood glucose, and blood pressure levels and the consultation with specialists is necessary upon abnormal changes of these indexes.

Ziel dieser Studie war die Untersuchung des Zusammenhangs zwischen Vitiligo und dem metabolischen Syndrom (MetS) sowie dessen relevanten Komponenten.Die Datenbanken PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library und Embase wurden von deren Beginn bis zum 30. März 2021 nach relevanten Studien durchsucht. Querschnitts- und Fall-Kontroll-Studien, die entweder die Prävalenz oder die Odds-Ratio [OR] des MetS oder seiner Komponenten bei Vitiligo-Patienten berichteten, wurden eingeschlossen. Die Daten wurden entsprechend der Heterogenität entweder mit einem Zufallseffektmodell oder einem Modell mit festen Effekten gepoolt.Es wurden 30 Studien mit insgesamt 28.325 Vitiligo-Patienten eingeschlossen. Signifikante Zusammenhänge wurden zwischen Vitiligo und Diabetes mellitus (gepoolte OR, 3,30; 95 %-Konfidenzintervall [KI], 2,10-5,17) sowie zwischen Vitiligo und Adipositas (gepoolte OR, 2,08; 95 %-KI, 1,40-3,11) ermittelt. Die Gesamtprävalenz der Hypertonie bei Patienten mit Vitiligo betrug 19,0 % (95 %-KI, 2,0 %-36,0 %).Unserer Ergebnisse lassen auf einen Zusammenhang zwischen Vitiligo und Diabetes mellitus sowie Hypertonie schließen. Dermatologen wird empfohlen diese Zusammenhänge zu berücksichtigen, um potenzielle Begleiterkrankungen bei Vitiligo-Patienten zeitnah zu identifizieren. Zudem wird Vitiligo-Patienten empfohlen, Parameter wie BMI, Blutzuckerspiegel und Blutdruck zu überwachen und bei auffälligen Veränderungen dieser Parameter unverzüglich einen Spezialisten zu konsultieren.

Since the safety re-evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) injections began in 2009, some TCM injection companies and research institutes have done a lot of work. And with the increase of drug development and drug production technology levels in China, the safety of some TCM injections has been greatly improved. There are safety risks in TCM injections, which are mainly reflected in unclear basis of medicinal materials, simple production process, poor controllability of quality standards, nonstan-dard drug instructions and irrational medication in the use process. This paper describes the research progress of the above-mentioned aspects of TCM injections. In addition, the author team found that adverse reactions of TCM injections are mainly pseudo-allergic reactions. Therefore, a lot of work has been done in detection of pseudo-allergic reactions, mechanism research and risk control. This part of the work is also described in this article.

Background: Shoulder hand syndrome (SHS) is one of the common complications after a stroke, with the incidence rate up to 75% in China. The stage Ⅰ level is manifested as chronic pain and limitation of movement, which could cause irreversible muscle atrophy, joint deformation and even loss of motor function if progress to stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ. Auricular acupuncture, as one important component of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a micro acupuncture therapy which combines acupuncture and holographic theory. However, the clinical efficacy of auricular acupuncture is still controversial and the length of improvement by auricular acupuncture has not been validated by clinical studies. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the efficacy and duration of auricular acupuncture for pain relief and for motor function improvement in stage Ⅰ of SHS after ischemic stroke.Methods:This is a randomized, sham-controlled, patient-blinded trial. A total of 108 eligible patients with stage Ⅰ of SHS after ischemic stroke will be recruited from September 2018 to December 2020 and will be randomly allocated to three groups, A, B, or C, with a 1:1:1 ratio. Only body acupuncture will be applied in group A as a control group. Non-needle-insertion for sham auricular acupuncture will be combined with body acupuncture and applied to group B, whereas auricular acupuncture combined with body acupuncture will be applied in group C. Patients will be treated for 30 min per session, for 5 sessions per week for 3 weeks, and followed up for 6 weeks. The primary outcome will be the visual analog scale (VAS) for the shoulder and hand pain. The secondary outcomes will include the Fugl-Meyer Assessment of the Upper Extremity (FMA-UE) and Modified Brathel Index (MBI). Eligible patients would be evaluated before treatment, immediately after treatment, and followed up after 1 week, 2 weeks and 6 weeks to verify the duration of auricular acupuncture effect.Discussion:This trial will help to identify the effectiveness and duration of auricular acupuncture effect for stage Ⅰ of SHS after ischemic stroke. Trial registration:www.chictr.org.cn, Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2000037946. Retrospectively registered on 4 March 2020.

Velvetleaf (苘麻是旱田常见杂草,可造成作物减产,化感作用是造成减产的可能原因之一。本研究分析了苘麻挥发油成分对3种旱田作物小麦、玉米和大豆种子萌发和幼苗生长的化感作用。结果表明: 应用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS),从苘麻挥发油中鉴定出26种化学成分,占总峰面积的98.1%,其中,低分子量萜类成分有α-蒎烯、桉树醇、α-松油烯、β-松油烯、反式α-紫罗兰酮、反式β-紫罗兰酮。苘麻挥发油饱和水溶液能通过滤纸和土壤2种基质抑制3种作物种子萌发。苘麻挥发油能通过空气、滤纸和土壤3 种基质抑制3种作物幼苗生长,对小麦的抑制作用最强,玉米和大豆次之。苘麻挥发油对小麦生长的抑制作用以空气载体最强,滤纸和土壤载体次之。挥发油中低分子量的萜类成分可能是重要的化感成分。.

This study aimed to investigate the correlation of long noncoding RNA zinc finger antisense 1 (lncRNA ZFAS1) expression with disease risk, disease severity and inflammatory cytokines levels in lumbar disc degeneration (LDD) patients. 83 LDD patients underwent surgery and 28 traumatized, non-LDD patients underwent lumbar disc surgery (controls) were consecutively enrolled in this case-control study. Lumbar disc tissue was obtained during surgery and herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP) was isolated to detect lncRNA ZFAS1 expression and inflammatory cytokines mRNA levels by RT-qPCR, and determine protein levels of inflammatory cytokines by western blot. HNP lncRNA ZFAS1 expression in LDD patients was up-regulated compared with controls (P

Since the reform and opening up policy was adopted, Chinese economy has been keeping on developing with high speed, so as to its international trade. Therefore, English business contracts are widely used in the foreign economic and trade activities. However, we also find that there are still many foreign-related economic disputes which mainly caused by the ambiguity of translation happening in these trades. Due to the unclear rules of the parties’ obligations and rights, the improper translation of the contract, the meaning vague and the loose broad, the parties are tracked in this situation where any part of them could intentionally or unintentionally exploited a contractual loophole to avoid responsibility and obligation, which would lead to a dispute. The distortion of translation can lead to the fuzziness and uncertainty of contract which can be easily exploited by commercial fraud to evade responsibility; this situation is happened in reality and practice which has negative impact on foreign relations and trade. In order to make the business activities carried out more effectively, this article will discuss it mainly from the perspective of lexical characteristics and translation principal of business contract in order to make the translation be more accurate to benefit international business trade.

Professor

Rho GTPases belong to Ras superfamily, which is reported to involve in cell migration, phagocytosis, contraction and adhesion. ROCK (also known as Rho-associated kinase) is considered to be one of the most important downstream targets of Rho that is widely investigated. Rho/ROCK signal pathway induces cytoskeletal reorganization, cell migration and stress fiber formation, affects endothelial permeability, tissue constriction and growth, involves in diabetic nephropathy, eye disease, cancer, heart disease, nerve injury disease, hypertension, radiation injury and leukemia. As a novel drug research target, Rho/ROCK signal pathway has received more and more attention. This review provides the basic characteristics and physiological effects of Rho/ROCK signal pathway, the relationships between Rho/ROCK signal pathway and diseases, and the therapeutic methods based on the Rho/ROCK signal pathway.

Animal medicine injection is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) injections. All or part of animals with a significant curative effect and little side reactions as raw materials as well as modern technology are used to produce traditional Chinese medicine injections with a reliable and rapid drug efficacy and high bioavailability. Due to the complex composition of traditional Chinese medicine injections, imperfect quality standards, and unreasonable clinical use, the incidence of adverse reactions of traditional Chinese medicine injections has been significantly higher than that of traditional Chinese medicine for oral use. Animal medicine injections contain rich protein and fat, and heteroproteins are the main sensitization source in animal medicine injections. At present, the adverse reactions of animal medicine injections are mainly manifested in the anaphylaxis-like reactions at skin, mucous membranes and organ systems. The adverse reactions that occur during the first medication are more common. Specific causes for allergic-like adverse reactions in animal injections and related substances in traditional Chinese medicine injections made of animals that induce allergies or anaphylactoid reactions are currently not specifically reported. This article reviews the current adverse reactions of animal TCM injections, allergies and pseudoallergic reactions of animal TCM injections, the pharmacokinetics of animal TCM injections, and the combined use of drugs, in order to improve the quality standards of Chinese medicine injections for animals and provide reference for further safety related research.

Animal traditional Chinese medicine has a long history of application in China, and its clinical application is very extensive. Due to the complex chemical composition in animal traditional Chinese medicine, the basis of chemical research is relatively weak, which leads to the unclear composition and toxic components of many animal Chinese medicines. The relationship between the medicinal and toxic components of animal Chinese medicine has not yet been elucidated. The non-clinical safety evaluation of animal traditional Chinese medicine mainly includes acute toxicity, long-term toxicity, safety pharmacology, reproductive toxicity, genotoxicity experiments, and experimental studies such as carcinogenicity are needed when necessary. The current preclinical safety research on animal traditional Chinese medicine is mainly based on the study for toxic animal traditional Chinese medicines. Most animal Chinese medicines have not carried out systematic preclinical and clinical safety studies. The research method is mainly focused on acute toxicity test. It is necessary to carry out systematic preclinical safety studies on animal traditional Chinese medicines, to clarify the possible side effects and its characteristics, its toxic target organs, toxic doses and poisoning mechanisms induced by different animal traditional Chinese medicines. Finally, this paper suggests that in the preclinical safety study of animal traditional Chinese medicine, in-depth research and comparison should be carried out in combination with chemical substance foundation, origin, and collection season, and the safety of "non-toxic" animal traditional Chinese medicine should be carried out when necessary. In addition, it is necessary to rationally use the cutting-edge technologies and methods of toxicology research to fully clarify the preclinical safety information of animal Chinese medicines.

To investigate the expression of retinol-binding protein (RBP) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and its related factors.The clinical data of 123 patients with AML from October 2012 to February 2016 and 100 healthy controls were collected and the correlation of RBP expression level with sex, French-American-British (FAB) subtypes, molecular mutations, peripheral white blood cells and long-term outcomes was analyzed.Compared with AML patients, the RBP expression level was significantly higher in healthy controls (61.02±34.97 vs 34.44±14.08 mg/L)(u=8.658, P0.01). Patients with M3 showed higher RBP level (40.74±15.79 mg/L) compared with that of M4 (28.40±13.64 mg/L)(P0.01) and M5 (31.97±15.31 mg/L)(P0.05). Negative correlation was observed for RBP and white blood cells in patients with AML (r=-0.352, P0.001), which was more remarkable in patients with M4 (r=-0.563, P0.01) and M5 (r=-0.423, P0.01). AML patients achieved complete remission (CR) (48.64±9.24 mg/L) showed higher RBP level than that before treatment (u=4.876, P0.01), but lower than healthy controls (u=2.106,P0.05). After CR, patients with M3 showed higher RBP level than that of non-M3 patients (54.91±5.25 mg/L vs 41.36±7.33 mg/L)(t=8.777,P0.01).Detecting RBP expression may provide some useful information for urderstanding the pathophysiology and improving the treatment of patients with AML.

BACKGROUND Sodium glucose transporter-2 inhibitors are the newest antidiabetic drugs that seem to be cardioprotective and can prevent type 2 diabetes in patients with high cardiovascular risks. Previous clinical trials have shown that these inhibitors can alleviate endothelial dysfunction, but the mechanism of action remains unknown. How SGLT inhibitor influences the release of NO in PA-induced HUVECs has never been reported. MATERIAL AND METHODS To explore the potential effects of the endothelial-protective mechanism of phlorizin and its impact on nitric oxide (NO), human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were incubated with palmitic acid (PA) and then treated with phlorizin. Western blotting was performed to assess the phosphorylation of AKT, eNOS, and IRS-1. To further explore potential targets, siRNA transfection was used to demonstrate the role of SGLT1 and SGLT2. RESULTS Phlorizin suppressed the expression of SGLT1 and SGLT2, activated the PI3K/AKT/eNOS signaling pathway, increased the output of NO, and promoted the consumption of glucose in PA-induced HUVECs. Through demonstrating siRNA suppression of the expression of SGLT1 and SGLT2 in PA-induced HUVECs, this study provides a new understanding of the mechanism behind SGLT1 and SGLT2. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that phlorizin ameliorates the endothelial dysfunction link with the activation of the PI3K/AKT/eNOS signaling pathway and augmentation of the release of NO, partially through suppressing the expression of SGLT1 and SGLT2 in PA-induced HUVECS.

The aim of this study was to investigate the renal toxicity of rhubarb and its mechanism. The SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal group and two rhubarb extract groups (16, 2 g·kg⁻¹). According to the dose conversion method between human and animal, rhubarb 16 g·kg⁻¹ and 2 g·kg⁻¹ were equivalent to 10 times and 1.25 times of human clinical dose respectively. Rhubarb extract was administered by a gastric gavage to rats once daily for 30 days. Serum urea nitrogen （BUN）, creatinine （CRE） and urine KIM-1, NGAL and renal morphology were analyzed. The expressions of OAT1, OAT3 and clusterin mRNA in kidney were measured. The results showed that the low dose of rhubarb had no obvious renal toxicity. The high dose group showed mild and moderate renal injury and a down-regulation of clusterin mRNA expression in the kidney tissue. The renal toxicity in male animals was heavier than that in female animals. There was no significant change in blood BUN and CRE in the high dose group. But urine NGAL level of the high dose group increased by 51.53% compared with normal group, of which male animals increased more significantly (

In this study, different batches of Xingnaojing injection products were first selected for pseudoallergic mice test, and the results showed that after injection of 6.6-fold clinical dose Xingnaojing injection, the mice showed a slight pseudoallergic reaction, while other mice injected with other batches of injections showed no obvious pseudoallergic reaction. Therefore, it is preliminarily believed that this mice model can effectively indicate the risk of pseudoallergic reactions in the clinical application of Xingnaojing injections. In addition, by changing some of the processes, a high concentration of Xingnaojing injection was prepared for mice pseudoallergic test and guinea pig systemic allergy test. The results showed no significant type Ⅰ allergic reaction in guinea pigs. Mild pseudoallergic reactions occurred in mice after a 6.6-fold clinical dose injection. Therefore, it is considered that for sensitive or idiosyncratic people, the concentration of certain chemical components in Xingnaojing injection will increase after entering the body, which may increase the risk of pseudoallergic reaction. However, due to the limitations of test models, the risk of Xingnaojing injection to induce allergic reactions cannot be ruled out. Finally, by increasing the content of borneol and Tween and (or) sodium chloride in Xingnnaojing Injection and testing its pseudoallergic reactions, the results showed that the combination of these three ingredients may produce new trace sensitization substance and induce pseudoallergic reactions.

Vascular dementia (VD) models were made first by repeating cerebral ischemia-reperfusion and followed by treating with estrogen. Learning-memory ability was measured by Morris water maze. Concentration of Ca

Anaerobic bacterium (strain SN10) with simultaneous capabilities of denitrification and sulfate reduction was enriched and isolated by anaerobic Hungate technology. The characterisation of SN10 was conducted from the morphologial, physiological, phylogenetic aspects and HPAM degradation efficiency. It was a rod-shaped, gram-negative, 0.40~1.0μm in width and 1.5~2.5 μm in length. Most of the fatty acids of SN10 was distributed among C12:0~C19-CYC-FAME and the main of them was consisted of C14:0 FAME, C16:0-FAME, C18:1c-FAME, C18:0-FAME and C19-CYC-FAME. Based on the morphologial, physiological characteristics and the phylogenetic analysis, SN10 was identified as Paenibacillus sp. (EU124565), Because its 16S rDNA can reach 97% of the similarity to that of Paenibacillus lautus SN10 (Accession No.DQ450463). The removal efficiencies of NO3 - and SO4 2- were up to 98.52% and 96.49 % when the initial concentrations of NO3 - and SO4 2- were 5830.92 mg/L and 682.83 mg/L, HPAM solution density was 2400mg/L, three days strain biodegradation rate was 68.27%, which can result in obviously decreased viscosity. The SN10 strain isolated would have provided the new microorganism resources for the polyacrylamide biodegradation.

This study aimed to explore the characteristics and the influencing factors of Qingkailing injection (QKLI) pseudoallergic reaction, and screen out the possible pseudoallergenic substances. The results showed that ICR and Kunming mice had stronger pseudoallergic reactions than BALB/c and C57 mice after being injected with the same dose of QKLI. The pseudoallergic reaction induced by QKLI that was prepared with 0.9% saline was stronger than that prepared with 5% glucose. When the dose was twice of the clinical dose, some batches of QKLI could cause significant or suspected pseudoallergic reactions; when the dose dropped to clinically equal times, all of the batches did not induce pseudoallergic reactions in mice. Different batches of QKLI induced different pseudoallergic reactions in mice. Therefore, QKLI's pseudoallergic reactions might have a certain relationship with different body constitutions. Different solvents might affect the safety of QKLI. QKIL-induced pseudoallergic reactions had the different characteristics between batches, and the dosage should be strictly controlled in clinical use. After the comparison of pseudoallergic reactions induced by different components and different intermediates of QKLI in mice, it was preliminary believed that pseudoallergenic substances might exist in intermediate Isatidis Radix extracts and Gardenia extracts, but specific pseudoallergens shall be furthered studied in subsequent experiences.

Estradiol is an ovarian steroid hormone that regulates physiological functions in the central nervous system, including mood, cognition, sleep and mental state. Emerging evidence has revealed that there is an enrichment of cells that express the estrogen receptor in the lateral habenula (LHb) region, however, the precise biological functions of estradiol on neurons in the LHb remain to be elucidated. The present study aimed to determine the effects of estradiol on LHb neurons, by observing neuronal firing activity, and c‑Fos mRNA and protein expression levels in the LHb using whole cell recording, reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Ovariectomized female Wistar rats were supplemented with a range of estradiol doses across five groups: Ovariectomized (no treatment); Oil (sesame oil); low estradiol; medial estradiol (ME) and high estradiol. Circulating serum estradiol levels were assessed over a 33 day period following surgery. Estradiol suppressed spontaneous firing activity in LHb neurons (P

This study aimed to observe the effect of melatonin on chronic stress rats. 60 male rats were randomly divided into five groups: control group (CON group), chronic stress group (CS group), melatonin high dose group (HMT group, 10mg/kg), melatonin middle dose group (MMT group, 5mg/kg), and melatonin low dose group (LMT group, 1mg/kg). Melatonin was daily intragastrically administrated for 4w with stress induction. Ability of spatial learning and memory of rats were determined by morris water maze. Concentration of Ca2+, contents of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and nitric oxide (NO), and the number of CA3 neurons in hippocampus were tested. Compared with CON group rats, ability of learning and memory were significantly decreased, concentration of Ca2+ and contents of NOS and NO in the hippocampus were significantly increased in CS group rats. The number of CA3 neurons in hippocampus was decreased in CS group rats. As compared with CS group rats, ability of learning and memory were improved in MMT group and LMT group rats, and concentration of Ca2+, contents of NOS and NO in the hippocampus were significantly decreased, and the number of CA3 neurons was decreased in hippocampus. It shows that melatonin improving learning and memory impairment is likely by reducing the calcium and NO in hippocampus.

In this study, by the means of the active systemic allergy test in guinea pigs, passive skin allergy test in rats and pseudoallergic test in mice, it was determined that the "allergic reaction" of Shuxuening injection(SXNI) may not be a true IgE-mediated allergic reactions, but mainly of pseudoallergic reaction. Further pseudoallergic test proved that the pseudoallergic reactions of SXNI had difference between batches and showed dose dependence, so it was recommended to establish SXNI pseudoallergic reaction detection method for timely detecting and controlling the product risk of each batch products. In addition, as the pseudoallergic reactions of SXNI were dose-dependent, the dose and concentration of SXNI should be strictly controlled in clinical use. Then the main pseudoallergenic reaction test was conducted for the main monomer components in SXNI and the different fractions of Ginkgo biloba extract in mice, and the results showed that the sensitizing substances may mainly exist in YXY-3 fractions containing flavonol glycosides. By further chemically separating YXY-3, we got four chemical components. Among these four components, YXY-3-1 and YXY-3-2 were testified as the main allergenic components in SXNI through pseudoallergic test in mice. To make sure the specific chemical constituent that is responsible for the pseudoallergic reaction, in-depth study in follow-up experiments should be needed.

The hippocampus is a key structure for encoding and processing memory and for spatial orientation, which are among the cognitive functions most sensitive to cerebral ischemia, hypoxia, and vascular dementia (VD). Since hippocampal formation is one of the principle forebrain targets for arginine-vasopressin (AVP) innervations arising in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), we explored the contributions of AVP to VD pathogenesis. To this end, we randomly assigned pathogen-free, male Wistar rats to one of seven groups in a VD model and tested AVP treatment effects on spatial learning and memory using the Morris water maze. We also measured the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in brain samples and monitored the expression of AVP-positive neurons in the hippocampus by immunohistochemistry. The VD model with repeated cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury evoked impairment of cognitive function and reduced cerebral concentrations of the antioxidation markers. Lesioning the rat PVN showed a similar effect on learning and memory and reduced antioxidation markers in the brain tissue. However, AVP injection into the PVN improved cognitive performance in VD rats, while enhancing/rectifying the changes in antioxidation markers. We conclude that our VD model may decrease AVP secretion in the PVN and subsequently reduce antioxidant capacity in the hippocampus, leading to impaired cognitive function.

A mathematical model of air vehicle gliding trajectory was established and attack angle was regarded as control variable. Adaptive simulated annealing algorithm was adopted to optimize the 101 nodes of attack angle. By optimizing the control law of attack angle of gliding trajectory, the maximum range of air vehicle is increased significantly, which increases 107%.

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of Da-Cheng-Qi decoction (DCQD) on enteroparalysis and levels of the serum inflammatory cytokines C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Methods: A total of 48 patients diagnosed with SAP who hospitalized in First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Traditional Chinese Medicine University from May 1, 2016 to May 30, 2018 were randomly assigned to the control or treatment groups. Patients in the control group (n = 22) received conventional treatment and those in the treatment group (n = 26) received conventional treatment as well as additional DCQD for 10 days. The duration of abdominal pain and distension, the time when bowel sounds returned to normal, changes in the levels of serum amylase, lipase, C-reactive protein (CRP), CCL2 and IL-8, as well as acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II scores of patients on days 1 and 10 were recorded and compared. Results: The duration of abdominal pain and distension, the time when bowel sounds returned to normal, the levels of blood amylase, lipase and CRP, and APACHE II scores of patients in the treatment group decreased significantly compared with those of patients in the control group. Though there were no statistical differences in serum CCL2 and IL-8 concentrations on day 1 between patients in these two groups, the levels of serum CCL2 and IL-8 in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group on day 10. Conclusion: DCQD may decrease the levels of CCL2, CRP, and IL-8 in patients with SAP, quickly relieve enteroparalysis, and shorten hospitalization duration.

In this review, we discuss the central role of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signalling in mammalian tooth development. The FGF family consists of 22 members, most of which bind to four different receptor tyrosine kinases, which in turn signal through a cascade of intracellular proteins. This signaling regulates a number of cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, cell adhesion and cell mobility. FGF signaling first becomes important in the presumptive dental epithelium at the initiation stage of tooth development, and subsequently, it controls the invagination of the dental epithelium into the underlying mesenchyme. Later, FGFs are critical in tooth shape formation and differentiation of ameloblasts and odontoblasts, as well as in the development and homeostasis of the stem cell niche that fuels the continuously growing mouse incisor. In addition, FGF signaling is critical in human teeth, as mutations in genes encoding FGF ligands or receptors result in several congenital syndromes characterized by alterations in tooth number, morphology or enamel structure. The parallel roles of FGF signaling in mouse and human tooth development demonstrate the conserved importance of FGF signaling in mammalian odontogenesis.