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We hereby present a case report of an extremely preterm newborn with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), spending more than 4 months of his early life in the newborn intensive care unit (NICU). The uniqueness of this case report is the difference in the algorithm used for the treatment of BPD with regards to the family’s preference and its successful outcome.

Patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) often live with and develop multiple co-occurring conditions, namely multimorbidity, with diffuse impacts on clinical care and patient quality of life. However, literature characterising T2DM-related multimorbidity patterns is limited. This review summarises the findings from the emerging literature characterising and quantifying the association of T2DM with multimorbidity clusters. Our findings reveal three dominant cluster types appearing in patients with T2DM-related multimorbidity, such as cardiometabolic precursor conditions, vascular conditions, and mental health conditions. We recommend that holistic patient care centres around early detection of other comorbidities and consideration of wider risk factors, while future research should focus on the temporality of T2DM-related multimorbidity trajectories.

The chemical compositions of the essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from aerial parts of five subspecies ofScutellaria orientalisL. (subsp.carica, subsp.haussknechtii, subsp.macrostegia, subsp.orientalisand subsp.santolinoides) were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), simultaneously. According to essential oil analysis in five subspecies ofS. orientalis, germacrene D (57.2%), bicyclogermacrene (7.4%) and beta-caryophyllene (5.2%) in subsp.carica; germacrene D (23.5%), beta-caryophyllene (14.2%), bicyclogermacrene (9.0%) and caryophyllene oxide (8.1%) in subsp.haussknechtii; germacrene D (47.8%), beta-caryophyllene (16.3%) and bicyclogermacrene (12.0%) in subsp.macrostegia; caryophyllene oxide (23.5%), germacrene D (20.1%) and beta-caryophyllene (14.5%) in subsp.orientalis; germacrene D (42.1%), beta-caryophyllene (13.7%) and bicyclogermacrene (11.3%) in subsp.santolinoideswere determined as major components. To the best of our knowledge, this is the ?rst report on the chemical composition of the essential oil of four subspecies ofS. orientalis. C1 [Yilmaz, Gulderen] Ankara Univ, Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Biol, Ankara, Turkey. [Cicek, Mehmet] Pamukkale Univ, Fac Arts & Sci, Dept Mol Biol & Genet, Denizli, Turkey. [Demirci, Betul] Anadolu Univ, Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, Eskisehir, Turkey. [Baser, Kemal Husnu Can] Near East Univ, Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, Nicosia, Turkey.

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to detect the chemical compounds of Thymbra capitata ethanolic extract (TC-EtOH) as well as to evaluated its antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxic activities, and in vivo wound healing effects. Methods: The chemical composition of TC-EtOH was analyzed by Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties were determined with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), disc diffusion test and broth micro-dilution (minimal inhibitory concentration [MIC]) methods, respectively. Cytotoxic activity was tested on MG63 (human osteosarcoma) and MCF-7 (human breast carcinoma) cells by 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) assay. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) protein levels were determined by ELISA. Results: The major components of TC-EtOH were tetratria contane (14.92%), camphor (12.50%), and terpineol (10.77%). TC-EtOH showed powerful antimicrobial activity in C. Tropicalis (0.03 mg/mL). The IC50 values of the TC-EtOH of the DPPH were determined 21.5 mu g/mL. The IC50 values were calculated 37.28 and 44.40 mu g/mL on the MG63 and MCF-7 cell lines, respectively. It was observed that the wounds treated with TC-EtOH showed a faster healing. Conclusions: According to results, T. capitata species are thought to be natural antioxidants and a novel pharmaceutical compound for the pharmaceutical industry. C1 [Hepokur, Ceylan; Misir, Sema] Sivas Cumhuriyet Univ, Fac Pharm, Dept Biochem, TR-58140 Sivas, Turkey. [Tunc, Tutku] Sivas Cumhuriyet Univ, Fac Pharm, Dept Microbiol, TR-58140 Sivas, Turkey. [Tutar, Ugur] Sivas Cumhuriyet Univ, Fac Pharm, Dept Bot, TR-58140 Sivas, Turkey. [Hepokur, Ali Ihsan] NETA OSGB, TR-58000 Sivas, Turkey. [Cicek, Mehmet] Pamukkale Univ, Fac Arts & Sci, Dept Biol, TR-20070 Denizli, Turkey.

The realization of ternary, single-layer transition metal dichalcogenides has suggested a promising strategy to develop two-dimensional (2D) materials with alternative features. In this study, we design and investigate Janus aluminum monochalcogenide monolayers, Al2XX' (X/X' = O, S, Se, and Te) by using first-principles methods. Starting from binary constituents, the ternary structures are optimized without any constraint and ground-state configurations are obtained. The stability of these systems is tested by performing phonon spectra analysis and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations and all Al2XX' monolayers other than AlTeO are confirmed to be dynamically stable. Mechanical properties are examined by calculating Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio and subsequently compared with binary counterparts. Monolayers of Al2XX' have a brittle character but oxygenation makes them less stiff. The electronic structure is also analyzed and variation of the band gap with the type of chalcogen atoms is revealed. It is found that different from their binary counterparts, Al2XO monolayers are direct band-gap semiconductors. Additionally, modification of the electronic structure in the presence of biaxial compressive or tensile strain is investigated by taking into account possible indirect-direct band-gap transitions. Our results not only predict stable 2D ternary Al2XX' structures but also point out them as promising materials for optoelectronic applications.

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of Thymbra sintenisii subsp. isaurica extract (TSIE) and, to evaluate, for the first time, anticancer effect on human MCF-7 (breast carcinoma) cells. Materials and Methods: The antioxidant capacity of TSIE was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and total polyphenol assays. The anticancer activities of TSIE were tested on MCF-7 (breast carcinoma) cells. Results: Total polyphenol value of extracts TSIE was found as 73.02 mg gallic acid /g powder. DPPH result of IC50 value of TSIE was found to be 27.15 mu g/mL. To examine anticancer effect of TSIE at different concentrations were given on MCF-7 cells. TSIE was observed to reduce the cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. This anticancer property of the TSIE provides a highlights the importance of plant research for drug design. Conclusion: In this study, anticancer effects and antioxidant level of endemic species, that is TSIE, are evaluated on MCF-7 cells. Thus, an effective therapeutic agent for cancer treatment is aimed to develop. Further studies are needed to better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying this effect of TSIE. C1 [Hepokur, Ceylan; Misir, Sema] Sivas Cumhuriyet Univ, Dept Biochem, Fac Pharm, TR-58140 Sivas, Turkey. [Cicek, Mehmet] Pamukkale Univ, Fac Arts & Sci, Dept Biol, Denizli, Turkey. [Yaylim, Ilhan; Zeybek, Umit] Inst Expt Med, Dept Mol Med, Istanbul, Turkey.

The root, trunk and leaf anatomy of four taxa of Scutellaria albida namely, S. albida subsp. albida, S. albida subsp. velenovskyi, S. albida subsp. colchica and S. albida subsp. condensata were examined. The aim is to determine whether these characters can be used for systematic purposes. The roots displays a typical stele structure in all studied taxa. But their number of pith rays are different in each taxa. The stems of S. albida taxa have square like transection, collateral vascular bundles, parenchymatous pith and show 1-2 layered epidermis coated with thick cuticle. S. albida subsp. condensata has papillate epicuticular wax on its stem cuticle layer. In all taxa angular collenchyma, and cambium forming phloem outward and xylem inward are observed. The leaves are hypostomatic, have single rowed epidermis coated with thick cuticle and show dorsiventral mesophyll in all studied taxa. S. albida subsp. velenovskyi has echinate epicuticular wax on its leaf cuticle layer, but the others have smooth cuticle layer. The midrib shows one collateral bundles in all taxa but the shape of median veins of the leaf blade show variation in each taxa. Some of the anatomical characters viz. the number of pith rays of roots, the number of palisade parenchyma layer, plant cuticles covered by wax, the shape of median veins of the leaf blade and stomata index, provide information of taxonomical significance for these taxa. C1 [Minareci, Ersin; Pekonur, Sinem; Ozdemir, Canan; Cicek, Mehmet; Kocabas, Okan] Manisa Celal Bayar Univ, Fac Sci & Letters, Dept Biol, Muradiye, Manisa, Turkey. [Kocabas, Okan] Pamukkale Univ, Fac Sci & Letters, Dept Biol, Denizli, Turkey.

Lamiaceae plants are widely used in traditional medicine as a cure for various disorders. Nepeta italica L. subsp. cadmea (Boiss.) A.L. Budantsev and Teucrium sandrasicum O. Schwarz are medicinal species belonging to the Lamiaceae family and are endemic to Turkey. The present study was designed to investigate the biological activities (antioxidant and toxicity) and phenolic content of these plants' extracts as well as to determine their mineral elements. The antioxidant properties of these plants were determined using the scavenging methods (DPPH and ABTS), total antioxidant test systems (beta-carotene/linoleic acid and phosphomolybdenum), metal chelating and reducing power assays. The phenolics were identified using HPLC and the brine shrimp lethality test was used to screen for possible toxicity. In addition, an evaluation was made of some mineral elements (P, Mg, K, Fe and Cu). The hydroethanolic extract of N. italica subsp. cadmea, showed the highest amount of antioxidant activity (beta-carotene, similar to 93%) among the extracts that were investigated. All the extracts exhibited chelating and reducing activities. There were statistical differences among the scavenging activities of the N. cadmea and T. sandrasicum extracts. The total antioxidant capacity of the extracts evaluated with the phosphomolybdenum test was in the range of 61.54-143.97 mu g/mg and that these plants possess mineral elements. These types of investigations are important for gainingmore information about the potential natural antioxidants from various Lamiaceae plants. The findings of the present study will provide additional information for understanding the efficacy of these medicinal plants as a food ingredient, as well as for use in medicinal applications. (C) 2019 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kaska, A.] Pamukkale Univ, Fac Educ, Dept Sci & Math, Denizli, Turkey. [Cicek, M.; Mammadov, R.] Pamukkale Univ, Fac Arts & Sci, Dept Biol, Denizli, Turkey.

Nepeta cadmea Boiss. is a species endemic to Turkey that belongs to the Nepeta genus. Several species of this genus are used in folk medicine. This study was designed to investigate the phenolic compounds, antioxidant, anthelmintic, and cytotoxic activities of various extracts (ethanol, methanol, acetone, and water) of N. cadmea. The antioxidant activities of these extracts were analyzed using scavenging methods (DPPH, ABTS, and H2O2 scavenging activity), the -carotene/linoleic acid test system, the phosphomolybdenum method, and metal chelating activity. Among the 4 different extracts of N. cadmea that were evaluated, the water extract showed the highest amount of radical scavenging (DPPH, 25.54 g/mL and ABTS, 14.51 g/mL) and antioxidant activities (-carotene, 86.91%). In the metal chelating and H2O2 scavenging activities, the acetone extract was statistically different from the other extracts. For the phosphomolybdenum method, the antioxidant capacity of the extracts was in the range of 8.15 to 80.40 g/mg. The phenolic content of the ethanol extract was examined using HPLC and determined some phenolics: epicatechin, chlorogenic, and caffeic acids. With regard to the anthelmintic properties, dose-dependent activity was observed in each of the extracts of N. cadmea. All the extracts exhibited high cytotoxic activities. The results will provide additional information for further studies on the biological activities of N. cadmea, while also helping us to understand the importance of this species. Furthermore, based on the results obtained, N. cadmea may be considered as a potentially useful supplement for the human diet, as well as a natural antioxidant for medicinal applications. Practical ApplicationThe plants of the Nepeta genus have been extensively used as traditional herbal medicines. Nepeta cadmea Boiss., one of the species belonging to the Nepeta genus, is a species endemic to Turkey. In our study, we demonstrated the antioxidant capacities, total phenolic, flavonoid, tannin content, anthelmintic, and cytotoxic activities of various extracts of Nepeta cadmea. The present study could well supply valuable data for future investigations and further information on the potential use of this endemic plant for humans, in both dietary and pharmacological applications.