2,330 results on '"Clofibric Acid"'
Search Results
2. High-Density Lipoprotein Subfractions Remodeling: A Critical Process for the Treatment of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases.
- Author
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Zhang, Yaling, Luo, Shiyu, Gao, Yi, Tong, Wenjuan, and Sun, Shaowei
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CHOLESTEROL metabolism , *HIGH density lipoproteins , *CLOFIBRIC acid , *CARDIOVASCULAR diseases , *ANTILIPEMIC agents , *ATHEROSCLEROSIS , *CARDIOVASCULAR diseases risk factors , *STATINS (Cardiovascular agents) , *LIPASES , *ANTIOXIDANTS , *CARBOHYDRATE metabolism , *NIACIN , *BIOMARKERS - Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that a low level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is an independent biomarker of cardiovascular disease. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is considered to be a protective factor for atherosclerosis (AS). Therefore, raising HDL-C has been widely recognized as a promising strategy to treat atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD). However, several studies have found that increasing HDL-C levels does not necessarily reduce the risk of ASCVD. HDL particles are highly heterogeneous in structure, composition, and biological function. Moreover, HDL particles from atherosclerotic patients exhibit impaired anti-atherogenic functions and these dysfunctional HDL particles might even promote ASCVD. This makes it uncertain that HDL-raising therapy will prevent and treat ASCVD. It is necessary to comprehensively analyze the structure and function of HDL subfractions. We review current advances related to HDL subfractions remodeling and highlight how current lipid-modifying drugs such as niacin, statins, fibrates, and cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitors regulate cholesterol concentration of HDL and specific HDL subfractions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
3. Mn3O4/ZnO-Al2O3-CeO2 mixed oxide catalyst derived from Mn-doped Zn-(Al/Ce)-LDHs: efficient visible light photodegradation of clofibric acid in water.
- Author
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Janani, Fatima Zahra, Khiar, Habiba, Taoufik, Nawal, Sadiq, Mhamed, Favier, Lidia, Ezzat, Abdelrahman Osama, Elhalil, Alaâeddine, and Barka, Noureddine
- Subjects
MIXED oxide catalysts ,VISIBLE spectra ,ALUMINUM-zinc alloys ,PHOTODEGRADATION ,CATALYSTS ,LAYERED double hydroxides - Abstract
Mn
3 O4 /ZnO-Al2 O3 -CeO2 catalyst was synthesized through a solid-state process from a 3% Mn-doped Zn-(Al/Ce) layered double hydroxide structure. Detailed structural and optical characterization using XRD, FTIR, UV–visible DRS, and TEM was conducted. By investigating clofibric acid (CA) degradation in aqueous solution, Mn3 O4 /ZnO-Al2 O3 -CeO2 photocatalytic activity was evaluated. The results show that the heterostructure mixed oxide catalyst has excellent CA photodegradation performance. Further, the characterization reveals that such photocatalytic efficiency can be attributed to two facts that are summarized in the optical properties and the synergic effect between Mn and Ce elements. The sample demonstrated a narrow band gap of 2.34 eV based on DRS. According to the experimental results of the photodegradation, after 120 min of irradiation, the photocatalyst exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity, with a degradation efficiency of 93.6%. Optimization outcomes indicated that maximum degradation efficiency was attained under the following optimum conditions: catalyst dose of 0.3 g/L, initial dye concentration of 20 mg/L, pH 3.86, and 120 min of reaction time. The quenching test demonstrates that photogenerated electrons and superoxide radicals are the most powerful reactive species. The catalyst could be useful in decreasing the photogenerated charges recombination, which offers more redox cycles simultaneously during the catalytic process. The strong Ce-Mn interaction and the formation of their different oxidation states offer a high degradation efficiency by facilitating electron–hole transfer. The introduction of Mn3 O4 in the catalyst can effectively improve the visible absorption properties, which are beneficial in the photocatalytic process by reaching a high catalytic efficiency at a low cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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4. Effect of Dopamine Agonist Treatment on Glycemic Control in Patients with Lipodystrophy.
- Author
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Şimşir, Ilgın Yıldırım, Özgür, Su, Soyaltın, Utku Erdem, and Çetinkalp, Şevki
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PANCREATITIS treatment , *INSULIN therapy , *BROMOCRIPTINE , *METFORMIN , *CLOFIBRIC acid , *GLYCOSYLATED hemoglobin , *HOMEOSTASIS , *THIAZOLIDINEDIONES , *GLYCEMIC control , *CONSANGUINITY , *LIPODYSTROPHY , *RETROSPECTIVE studies , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *INSULIN , *PLASMAPHERESIS , *BLOOD sugar , *LONGITUDINAL method , *DRUG efficacy , *MEDICAL records , *ACQUISITION of data , *SODIUM-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors , *STATINS (Cardiovascular agents) , *CASE studies , *TRIGLYCERIDES - Abstract
Lipodystrophies involve the loss of subcutaneous adipose tissue, resulting in severe metabolic issues such as insulin resistance and challenging diabetes management. This case series aims to assess bromocriptine treatment response in lipodystrophy patients, offering insights into its antidiabetic effects. This retrospective analysis focused on four female lipodystrophy patients with poor glycemic control who were undergoing bromocriptine treatment. Statistical analysis used nonparametric tests. Metabolic parameters were assessed before and 3 months post-bromocriptine treatment, revealing a modest reduction in median daily insulin dose and decreased hemoglobin A1c and fasting glucose levels. Body weight remained constant, while triglyceride levels increased. Dopamine receptor expression in pancreatic ß-cells and adipocytes suggests a direct impact on glucose homeostasis. While this case series hints at bromocriptine's positive influence on glycemic control and insulin requirements in lipodystrophy patients, larger studies are essential for establishing efficacy and safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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5. Pharmacological methods to lower lipoprotein(a) levels.
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Wierzbowska, Natalia, Olejnik-Wojciechowska, Joanna, Dąbrowska, Aleksandra, and Żurawska, Karolina
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CARDIOVASCULAR disease prevention ,THERAPEUTIC use of protease inhibitors ,THERAPEUTIC use of monoclonal antibodies ,CLOFIBRIC acid ,ANTILIPEMIC agents ,ASPIRIN ,ATHEROSCLEROSIS ,LIPOPROTEINS ,CARDIOVASCULAR diseases risk factors ,EZETIMIBE ,PHARMACODYNAMICS - Abstract
Lipoprotein(a) exhibits proatherogenic properties, thus promoting the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Lp(a) levels are genetically determined and relatively constant at the turn of a patient's life. Even a single measurement could be an important screening test to distinguish a group of patients with increased cardiovascular risk. Despite the lack of specific therapies, drugs with potential effects on reducing Lp(a) levels include ezetimibe, PCSK-9 inhibitors, fibrates, inclisiran, olparisan, aspirin, tocilizumab or mipomersen. Although ezetimibe has shown a moderate effect on lowering Lp(a) in monotherapy, its combination with statins does not provide a significant additional benefit in reducing Lp(a). PCSK-9 inhibitors contribute to a significant reduction in cardiovascular risk in patients in whom maximum-dose statin therapy fails to achieve lipoprotein targets. Patients with baseline higher Lp(a) levels receive greater benefit from PCSK9 inhibitor therapy. The use of aspirin to reduce Lp(a) levels could be most significant in rs3798220 carriers, but the European Atherosclerosis Society does not support the advisability of such a drug. Studies involving tocilizumab are promising, but data on non-RA groups are lacking. Mipomersen, on the other hand, has shown significant lipoprotein(a)-lowering effects, but is only used to treat familial hypercholesterolemia due to the risk of side effects. The aim of this systematic review was to discuss lipoprotein(a)'s potential as an independent cardiovascular risk factor and summarize pharmacological approaches available to lower its levels according to currently available knowledge based on the main findings of randomized clinical studies, review studies and meta-analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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6. Novel approaches to the management of hyperlipidaemia.
- Author
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Barton, Anna Kate
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CARDIOVASCULAR disease prevention , *DRUG therapy for hyperlipidemia , *CHOLESTEROL metabolism , *THERAPEUTIC use of monoclonal antibodies , *CARDIOVASCULAR diseases risk factors , *LIFESTYLES , *STATINS (Cardiovascular agents) , *GENETIC mutation , *CLOFIBRIC acid , *LIVER , *SMALL interfering RNA , *PROTEOLYTIC enzymes , *HYPERLIPIDEMIA , *RISK assessment , *EZETIMIBE , *EICOSAPENTAENOIC acid , *MEDICAL protocols , *PATIENT monitoring , *TRANSFERASES , *DRUG interactions , *PATIENT education , *ENZYME inhibitors , *MEDICAL research , *PHARMACODYNAMICS , *DISEASE complications - Abstract
A range of novel lipid‐lowering agents are now available, providing options for patients unable to achieve sufficient control on older drugs such as statins. This article gives an overview of the main lipid‐lowering agents, their indications and usage, with a focus on the newer therapies targeting PCSK9. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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7. 2023 China Guidelines for Lipid Management.
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Jian-Jun LI, Shui-Ping ZHAO, Dong ZHAO, Guo-Ping LU, Dao-Quan PENG, Jing LIU, Zhen-Yue CHEN, Yuan-Lin GUO, Na-Qiong WU, Sheng-Kai YAN, Zeng-Wu WANG, and Run-Lin GAO
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CARDIOVASCULAR disease prevention ,HYPERTENSION risk factors ,DRUG therapy for hyperlipidemia ,STATINS (Cardiovascular agents) ,ATHEROSCLEROSIS prevention ,DIABETES risk factors ,CARDIOVASCULAR diseases risk factors ,LIFESTYLES ,TRIGLYCERIDES ,HDL cholesterol ,NIACIN ,ADENOSINE triphosphate ,CHRONIC kidney failure ,ANTILIPEMIC agents ,PHENOLS ,CLOFIBRIC acid ,COMBINATION drug therapy ,STROKE ,WEIGHTS & measures ,FAMILIAL hypercholesterolemia ,LDL cholesterol ,MEDICAL screening ,PROTEOLYTIC enzymes ,MEDICAL protocols ,RISK assessment ,HYPERLIPIDEMIA ,PATIENT monitoring ,APOLIPOPROTEINS ,BILE acids ,OMEGA-3 fatty acids ,VASCULAR endothelial growth factors ,LIVER transplantation ,LIPIDS - Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the leading cause of death among urban and rural residents in China, and elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a risk factor for ASCVD. Considering the increasing burden of ASCVD, lipid management is of the utmost importance. In recent years, research on blood lipids has made breakthroughs around the world, hence a revision of China guidelines for lipid management is imperative, especially since the target lipid levels in the general population vary in respect to the risk of ASCVD. The level of LDL-C, which can be regarded as appropriate in a population without frisk factors, can be considered abnormal in people at high risk of developing ASCVD. As a result, the "Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia" were adapted into the "China Guidelines for Lipid Management" (henceforth referred to as the new guidelines) by an Experts' committee after careful deliberation. The new guidelines still recommend LDL-C as the primary target for lipid control, with CVD risk stratification to determine its target value. These guidelines recommend that moderate intensity statin therapy in adjunct with a heart-healthy lifestyle, be used as an initial line of treatment, followed by cholesterol absorption inhibitors or/and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors, as necessary. The new guidelines provide guidance for lipid management across various age groups, from children to the elderly. The aim of these guidelines is to comprehensively improve the management of lipids and promote the prevention and treatment of ASCVD by guiding clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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8. 水热法制备Bi2WO6及其光催化降解氯贝酸.
- Author
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王熙, 萧子君, 王静, and 李来胜
- Abstract
Copyright of Journal of South China Normal University (Natural Science Edition) / Huanan Shifan Daxue Xuebao (Ziran Kexue Ban) is the property of Journal of South China Normal University (Natural Science Edition) Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2023
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9. Mn3O4/ZnO-Al2O3-CeO2 mixed oxide catalyst derived from Mn-doped Zn-(Al/Ce)-LDHs: efficient visible light photodegradation of clofibric acid in water
- Author
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Janani, Fatima Zahra, Khiar, Habiba, Taoufik, Nawal, Sadiq, Mhamed, Favier, Lidia, Ezzat, Abdelrahman Osama, Elhalil, Alaâeddine, and Barka, Noureddine
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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10. Effects on Glucose Homeostasis of Changes in Plasma Lipoproteins Induced by Nutritional and Pharmacologic Strategies
- Author
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Andrea Natali, Full Professor
- Published
- 2022
11. ZnO-Zn2TiO4 heterostructure for highly efficient photocatalytic degradation of pharmaceuticals.
- Author
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Janani, Fatima Zahra, Khiar, Habiba, Taoufik, Nawal, Elhalil, Alaâeddine, Sadiq, M.'hamed, Mansouri, Said, and Barka, Noureddine
- Subjects
PHOTODEGRADATION ,POLYOLS ,ACID solutions ,WASTEWATER treatment ,X-ray diffraction ,CHARGE transfer ,ZINC oxide - Abstract
In this study, ZnO-Zn
2 TiO4 (ZTM) material was prepared through a novel synthesis method based on a ultrasound-assisted polyol-mediated process followed by calcination at a different temperature. Physical features of the samples were studied by using various analysis techniques including XRD, FT-IR, SEM/EDX, pHPZC , and UV–Vis DRS. Subsequently, the materials were employed as catalysts for the photocatalytic degradation of clofibric acid as a model pharmaceutical contaminant. The photocatalytic performance was evaluated under different conditions of calcination temperature, catalyst dosage, starting concentration, and initial pH of clofibric acid solution. The finding results revealed that hexagonal-tetragonal phases of ZnO-Zn2 TiO4 calcined at 600 °C (ZTM-600) with an average crystallite size of 97.8 Å exhibited the best degradation efficiency (99%). The primary bands characteristic of ZnO and Zn2 TiO4 were displayed by FT-IR analysis and the UV–visible DRS confirms the larger absorption capacity in UV–visible regions. The photogenerated electrons are the powerful reactive species involved in clofibric acid photodegradation process. This study shows a promising photocatalyst and provides new sight to rational design the facets of photocatalysis process for enhanced photocatalytic performances and effective wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
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12. The Effect of Clofibrate and Phototherapy on Prolonged Jaundice due to Breast Milk in Full-Term Neonates.
- Author
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Eghbalian, Fatemeh, Raeisi, Roya, Faradmal, Javad, and Asgharzadeh, Amin
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LENGTH of stay in hospitals , *CLOFIBRIC acid , *NEONATAL jaundice , *PHOTOTHERAPY , *BREAST milk , *DURATION of pregnancy , *TREATMENT effectiveness , *RANDOMIZED controlled trials , *COMPARATIVE studies , *BREASTFEEDING , *BLIND experiment , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *COMBINED modality therapy , *STATISTICAL sampling , *BILIRUBIN , *EVALUATION - Abstract
Introduction: Jaundice is one of the most common problems during infancy. It is believed that breast milk jaundice is one of the reasons for the persistence of jaundice after 14 days of prolonged jaundice. This study evaluates the effect of Clofibrate and phototherapy on prolonged jaundice originating from breast milk in term and healthy neonates. Materials And Methods: This double-blind clinical trial study was performed on 100 randomly divided neonates in the neonatal ward of Besat Hospital. In addition to phototherapy, the case group received a single dose of edible Clofibrate (50 mg/kg) dissolved in 2 CCs of distilled water. The control group received the same amount of distilled water as the phototherapy group. After treatment, bilirubin change rate, duration of hospitalization, and any association with gender, gestational age, hemoglobin, blood type, and Rh of neonates were determined and compared throughout the 2 groups. Results: Data analysis showed that the bilirubin reduction rate was statistically significantly higher in the case group than in the control group (P <.05). The mean duration of hospitalization and phototherapy in the case group was significantly lower than in the control group (P =.005). The bilirubin reduction rate was not affected significantly by gestational age, blood type, or Rh. Conclusion: This study's results demonstrated that Clofibrate effectively decreased bilirubin levels and shortened the duration of phototherapy and hospitalization in infants with probable breast milk jaundice. Registration: IRCT2012092910933N1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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13. Pharmacotherapeutics for dyslipidemia management.
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El Hussein, Mohamed Toufic, Sharma, Aditi, Parmar, Komal, and Shelat, Krupa
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THERAPEUTIC use of protease inhibitors , *CARDIOVASCULAR disease prevention , *DRUG therapy for hyperlipidemia , *STATINS (Cardiovascular agents) , *TRIGLYCERIDES , *HDL cholesterol , *ANTILIPEMIC agents , *CLOFIBRIC acid , *MAJOR adverse cardiovascular events , *LDL cholesterol , *EZETIMIBE , *MEDICAL protocols , *HYPERLIPIDEMIA , *RISK assessment , *BILE acids , *CORONARY artery disease , *DISEASE management , *DISEASE risk factors , *ADULTS - Abstract
Effective management of dyslipidemia is of paramount importance to prevent cardiovascular (CV) complications. Using current clinical practice guidelines is recommended to correct lipid levels and prevent further pathologic processes. This article presents an overview of treatment options for patients with dyslipidemia and CV disease, with a special focus on the following drug classes: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (also called statins), cholesterol absorption inhibitors (ezetimibe), bile acid sequestrants, fibrates, icosapent ethyl, and PCSK9 inhibitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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14. Fe3O4 supported UiO-66 (Zr) metal–organic framework for removal of drug contaminants from water: fuzzy logic modeling approach.
- Author
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Civan Çavuşoğlu, Ferda, Özçelik, Gülsüm, Özbek, Cengiz, Özkara-Aydınoğlu, Şeyma, and Bayazit, Şahika Sena
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FUZZY logic ,METAL-organic frameworks ,POLLUTANTS ,LANGMUIR isotherms ,DATABASE design ,ORGANIC water pollutants - Abstract
The increase in production and consumption of pharmaceuticals and personal care products causes environmental problems. In this study, naproxen and clofibric acid adsorption were studied using Fe
3 O4 -supported UiO-66 (Zr) metal–organic framework (Mag-UiO-66). The adsorption processes were carried out in batch mode at pH value 3.0. The optimum adsorbent quantities, equilibrium periods, pseudo-first-order (PFO), pseudo-second-order (PSO), and intra-particles diffusion kinetic models were calculated. Non-linear Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R), and Sips isotherm equations were applied to experimental data. Thermodynamic analyses of naproxen and clofibric acid adsorption were also carried out in this study. The Langmuir isotherm qm values were found as 14.15 mg/g for naproxen at 308 K and 41.87 mg/g for clofibric acid at 298 K. Both of the adsorption processes were exothermic. MISO (multi-input single-output) fuzzy logic models for removal of both naproxen and clofibric acid adsorptions were designed based on the experimental data to estimate the removal uptake values. It is noteworthy that the results obtained through designed fuzzy logic models matched well with the experimental data and the findings of this study emphasize the validity of designed fuzzy logic models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
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15. Amine-Functionalized Natural Rubber/Mesostructured Silica Nanocomposites for Adsorptive Removal of Clofibric Acid in Aqueous Phase.
- Author
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Yousatit, Satit, Rungruangwattanachot, Witsarut, Yuwawanitchakorn, Natthakit, Nuntang, Sakdinun, Punyapalakul, Patiparn, and Ngamcharussrivichai, Chawalit
- Subjects
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CHEMICAL processes , *LANGMUIR isotherms , *ADSORPTION capacity , *NANOCOMPOSITE materials , *MESOPOROUS materials , *SILICA , *RUBBER , *POLYMERIC nanocomposites - Abstract
This study is the first report on the synthesis, characterization and application of amine-functionalized mesoporous nanocomposites based on natural rubber (NR) and wormhole-like mesostructured silica (WMS). In comparison with amine-functionalized WMS (WMS-NH2), a series of NR/WMS-NH2 composites were synthesized via an in situ sol-gel method in which the organo-amine group was grafted onto the nanocomposite surface via co-condensation with 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APS) as the amine-functional group precursor. The NR/WMS-NH2 materials had a high specific surface area (115–492 m2 g−1) and total pore volume (0.14–1.34 cm3 g−1) with uniform wormhole-like mesoporous frameworks. The amine concentration of NR/WMS-NH2 (0.43–1.84 mmol g−1) was increased with an increase in the APS concentration, corresponding to high levels of functionalization with the amine groups of 53–84%. The H2O adsorption–desorption measurement revealed that NR/WMS-NH2 possessed higher hydrophobicity than WMS-NH2. The removal of clofibric acid (CFA), a xenobiotic metabolite of the lipid-lowering drug clofibrate, from the aqueous solution using WMS-NH2 and NR/WMS-NH2 materials was investigated using a batch adsorption experiment. The adsorption was a chemical process in which the pseudo-second order kinetic model expressed the sorption kinetic data better than the pseudo first-order and Ritchie-second kinetic order model. In addition, the CFA adsorption sorption equilibrium data of the NR/WMS-NH2 materials were fitted to the Langmuir isotherm model. The NR/WMS-NH2 with 5% amine loading had the highest CFA adsorption capacity (6.29 mg g−1). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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16. AN INVESTIGATION BASED ON PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOUND REMOVAL IN MULTIPLE CULTURES OF STREPTOMYCES MIUG 4.89 AND ACTIVATED SLUDGE.
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Ungureanu, Claudia-Veronica, Raducanu, Dumitra, and Georgescu, Ana-Maria
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STREPTOMYCES , *ACTIVATED sludge process , *BACTERIAL cultures - Abstract
The consumption of pharmaceuticals has increased worldwide and new compounds are continually being introduced in the market. Studies on the occurrence of pharmaceuticals show that the widely used pharmaceuticals acid clofibric are present in relevant concentrations in the environment. This molecule is recognized as highly resistant to biodegradation (WWTP biomass or bacteria) and has high persistence in the environment. Hence, to date, the elimination of this molecule continues to be a subject of interest. This study employs a viable alternative for micropollutant removal. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential of selected strain to degrade CLA and their adaptability in multiple cultures with activated sludge. Additionally, the possibility of biostimulation of the activity of microorganisms from the consortium by optimizing their functionality in the biodegradation process of pharmaceutical compound was also examined. The results showed a removal efficiency of CLA of 58.5% when the wet biomass ratio Streptomyces MIUG 4.89: activated sludge was 1:1. This work represents the first study of the ability of multiple cultures Streptomyces MIUG 4.89 and activated sludge to remove this refractory compound. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
17. Clofibric acid removal by ion exchange using a magnetic ion exchange resin: equilibrium, kinetics, reusability and characterisation.
- Author
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Altunterim, Rabia and Vergili, Ilda
- Subjects
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ION exchange resins , *MAGNETIC ions , *ION exchange (Chemistry) , *SCANNING electron microscopy , *EQUILIBRIUM , *SORPTION - Abstract
In this study, a commercial magnetic ion exchange (MIEX) resin was used for the removal of clofibric acid (CA), one of the most persistent pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs) in the environment, from aqueous solutions. As a result of batch experiments, optimum conditions were determined as pH = 4–7, equilibrium time = 240 min., and resin dosage = 26 mL/L for the removal of CA with MIEX resin. Freundlich isotherm model and pseudo-second order kinetic model showed the best fit for the sorption data with correlation coefficients higher than 0.99. Thermodynamic calculations indicated that the ion exchange process betweenMIEX resin and CA was a thermodynamically feasible and spontaneous process. Regeneration studies showed that the repeated use of MIEX resin is possible. The effect of all coexistent anions (chloride, carbonate and sulphate) was found to be close to each other for molar ratios of CA:coexisting anion = 1–3. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) images were used to examine the interactions of resins with CA and to see the changes that could occur in the resins after regeneration. The most obvious changes in MIEX resin due to CA sorption are found in the 1712 cm−1, 1480 cm−1, 1238 cm−1and 963 cm−1 bands. This study revealed that the mechanism of removal of the CA by MIEX resin is ion exchange and is reversible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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18. Excellent ambient oxidation and mineralization of an emerging water pollutant using Pd-doped TiO$_{{2}}$ photocatalyst and UV-A irradiation
- Author
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Lutic, Doina, Sescu, Amalia Maria, Siamer, Samy, Harja, Maria, and Favier, Lidia
- Subjects
Palladium doping ,Photocatalysis ,UV-A ,Clofibric acid ,Mineralization ,Reuse ,Biochemistry ,QD415-436 ,Physical and theoretical chemistry ,QD450-801 ,Mathematics ,QA1-939 - Abstract
$\mathrm{TiO}_2$_Pd prepared by the incipient wet impregnation (IWI) method was successfully used as a photocatalyst for the degradation of an emerging water pollutant, clofibric acid (CA). It exhibits an improved photoactivity in comparison with different commercial titania in the degradation of CA (25 ppm). The irradiation intensity, photocatalyst dose, CA concentration and influence of water quality and of some salts in the reaction medium were systematically examined to understand their effects on the process efficiency. A total pollutant decomposition and a high mineralization yield (78%) were achieved in 50 and 190 min, respectively, in the optimal conditions, which is very promising for practical applications.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. A review of emerging micro-pollutants in hospital wastewater: Environmental fate and remediation options
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O.J. Ajala, J.O. Tijani, R.B. Salau, A.S. Abdulkareem, and O.S. Aremu
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Hospital wastewater hazards ,Ciprofloxacin ,Orfloxacin ,Norfloxacin ,Carbamazine ,Clofibric acid ,Technology - Abstract
Hospitals played vital role in the maintenance and sustenance of human health. However, hospital activities generate high volume of toxic solid and liquid containing diverse inorganic, organic and microbial wastes released untreated into the ecosystem. The management of hospital wastewater in particular has been a major source of concern due to the presence of unregulated emerging micro-pollutants at concentrations in the range of ng/L to μg/L. These pollutants at low concentration exert different potential health effects on human and aquatic species. In this review, the formation, composition, properties and ecotoxicology effects of selected emerging micro-pollutants (Norfloxacin, Ofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Clofibric acid and Carbamazepine) at different concentrations in hospital wastewater were reviewed. The review also elucidates on detection and quantification of concentration of different emerging micropollutants in hospital wastewater by Spectrophotometry techniques, Gas Chromatography, Ion Chromatography, Gas Chromatography-Mass spectrometry, and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. Furthermore, treatment of hospital wastewater through physical, biological, chemical, adsorption and advanced oxidation processes such as photocatalysis and photo-Fenton including their operational mechanism were provided. The chemistry and mechanism of degradation of the selected emerging micropollutants into several intermediates were reviewed. It was found that conventional wastewater treatment methods are not designed for effective removal of these unregulated pollutants in hospital wastewater because they exist as mixtures at very high concentrations and exerts different toxicological effects. The review also reveals that no single technology can effectively detoxify the wastewater, instead combination of methods such as (phototcatalytic/adsorption or photo-fenton/adsorption) was found most appropriate for hospital wastewater treatment. Finally, regular monitoring and determination of physicochemical and ecotoxicological parameters and treatment of hospital wastewater are recommended.
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- 2022
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20. Acute Toxicity (96 hours) Study of Clofibric Acid on Labeo rohita (Hamilton 1822): Determination of LC50 Value and Behavioral Changes.
- Author
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Bhattacharjee, Sayantan, Rout, S. K., Prasad, Gora Shiva, Karmakar, Suman, and Chowdhury, Arka
- Published
- 2022
21. Excellent ambient oxidation and mineralization of an emerging water pollutant using Pd-doped TiO2 photocatalyst and UV-A irradiation.
- Author
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Lutic, Doina, Sescu, Amalia Maria, Siamer, Samy, Harja, Maria, and Favier, Lidia
- Subjects
- *
EMERGING contaminants , *WATER use , *MINERALIZATION , *AIR pollutants , *WATER quality , *IRRADIATION - Abstract
TiO2_Pd prepared by the incipient wet impregnation (IWI) method was successfully used as a photocatalyst for the degradation of an emerging water pollutant, clofibric acid (CA). It exhibits an improved photoactivity in comparison with different commercial titania in the degradation of CA (25 ppm). The irradiation intensity, photocatalyst dose, CA concentration and influence of water quality and of some salts in the reaction medium were systematically examined to understand their effects on the process efficiency. A total pollutant decomposition and a high mineralization yield (78%) were achieved in 50 and 190 min, respectively, in the optimal conditions, which is very promising for practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. ZnO-Zn2TiO4 heterostructure for highly efficient photocatalytic degradation of pharmaceuticals
- Author
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Janani, Fatima Zahra, Khiar, Habiba, Taoufik, Nawal, Elhalil, Alaâeddine, Sadiq, M.’hamed, Mansouri, Said, and Barka, Noureddine
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Advanced Molecular Imaging of Cholestatic Disorders in Humans: Pathophysiological Characterization and Treatment Effects.
- Published
- 2024
24. Bezafibrate treatment rescues neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative defects in 3D cortical organoid model of MAPT frontotemporal dementia.
- Subjects
FRONTOTEMPORAL dementia ,CENTRAL nervous system diseases ,NEURODEVELOPMENTAL treatment ,NEUROLOGICAL disorders ,TDP-43 proteinopathies - Abstract
The article focuses on how bezafibrate treatment mitigates neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative defects in a 3D cortical organoid model of MAPT (Microtubule-Associated Protein Tau) frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Topics include the impact of the MAPT IVS10 16 mutation on neuronal development, the therapeutic effects of bezafibrate on mitochondrial function and synaptic health, and the potential for bezafibrate to address tau-induced deficits associated with tauopathies.
- Published
- 2024
25. Amine-Functionalized Natural Rubber/Mesostructured Silica Nanocomposites for Adsorptive Removal of Clofibric Acid in Aqueous Phase
- Author
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Satit Yousatit, Witsarut Rungruangwattanachot, Natthakit Yuwawanitchakorn, Sakdinun Nuntang, Patiparn Punyapalakul, and Chawalit Ngamcharussrivichai
- Subjects
mesoporous materials ,nanocomposite ,adsorption ,amine group ,clofibric acid ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
This study is the first report on the synthesis, characterization and application of amine-functionalized mesoporous nanocomposites based on natural rubber (NR) and wormhole-like mesostructured silica (WMS). In comparison with amine-functionalized WMS (WMS-NH2), a series of NR/WMS-NH2 composites were synthesized via an in situ sol-gel method in which the organo-amine group was grafted onto the nanocomposite surface via co-condensation with 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APS) as the amine-functional group precursor. The NR/WMS-NH2 materials had a high specific surface area (115–492 m2 g−1) and total pore volume (0.14–1.34 cm3 g−1) with uniform wormhole-like mesoporous frameworks. The amine concentration of NR/WMS-NH2 (0.43–1.84 mmol g−1) was increased with an increase in the APS concentration, corresponding to high levels of functionalization with the amine groups of 53–84%. The H2O adsorption–desorption measurement revealed that NR/WMS-NH2 possessed higher hydrophobicity than WMS-NH2. The removal of clofibric acid (CFA), a xenobiotic metabolite of the lipid-lowering drug clofibrate, from the aqueous solution using WMS-NH2 and NR/WMS-NH2 materials was investigated using a batch adsorption experiment. The adsorption was a chemical process in which the pseudo-second order kinetic model expressed the sorption kinetic data better than the pseudo first-order and Ritchie-second kinetic order model. In addition, the CFA adsorption sorption equilibrium data of the NR/WMS-NH2 materials were fitted to the Langmuir isotherm model. The NR/WMS-NH2 with 5% amine loading had the highest CFA adsorption capacity (6.29 mg g−1).
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Contemporary Management of Dyslipidemia.
- Author
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Ferraro, Richard A., Leucker, Thorsten, Martin, Seth S., Banach, Maciej, Jones, Steven R., and Toth, Peter P.
- Subjects
- *
HYPERLIPIDEMIA treatment , *CARDIOVASCULAR disease prevention , *DRUG therapy for hyperlipidemia , *THERAPEUTIC use of monoclonal antibodies , *THERAPEUTIC use of omega-3 fatty acids , *STATINS (Cardiovascular agents) , *CARDIOVASCULAR diseases risk factors , *TRIGLYCERIDES , *ANTILIPEMIC agents , *HOMOZYGOUS familial hypercholesterolemia , *CLOFIBRIC acid , *LDL cholesterol , *DIET , *MEDICAL protocols , *EZETIMIBE , *HEALTH behavior , *DRUGS , *DRUG monitoring , *PATIENT compliance , *MEDICAL research , *DISEASE management , *LIPIDS , *ENZYME inhibitors , *BEHAVIOR modification , *EXERCISE therapy - Abstract
The treatment of dyslipidemia continues to be a dynamic and controversial topic. Even the most appropriate therapeutic range for lipid levels—including that of triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol—remain actively debated. Furthermore, with ever-increasing options and available treatment modalities, the management of dyslipidemia has progressed in both depth and complexity. An understanding of appropriate lipid-lowering therapy remains an essential topic of review for practitioners across medical specialties. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of recent research developments and recommendations for patients with dyslipidemia as a means of better informing the clinical practice of lipid management. By utilizing a guideline-directed approach, we provide a reference point on optimal lipid-lowering therapies across the spectrum of dyslipidemia. Special attention is paid to long-term adherence to lipid-lowering therapies, and the benefits derived from instituting appropriate medications in a structured manner alongside monitoring. Novel therapies and their impact on lipid lowering are discussed in detail, as well as potential avenues for research going forward. The prevention of cardiovascular disease remains paramount, and this review provides a roadmap for instituting appropriate therapies in cardiovascular disease prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Efficacy and Safety of K-877 (Pemafibrate), a Selective PPARα Modulator, in European Patients on Statin Therapy.
- Author
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Ginsberg, Henry N., Hounslow, Neil J., Yusuke Senko, Hideki Suganami, Bogdanski, Pawel, Ceska, Richard, Kalina, Akos, Libis, Roman A., Supryadkina, Tatiana V., and Kees Hovingh, G.
- Subjects
- *
DRUG therapy for hyperlipidemia , *PROTEIN metabolism , *TRIGLYCERIDES , *RESEARCH , *ANTILIPEMIC agents , *CLOFIBRIC acid , *HETEROCYCLIC compounds , *RESEARCH methodology , *EVALUATION research , *COMPARATIVE studies , *RANDOMIZED controlled trials , *BLIND experiment , *STATISTICAL sampling , *BUTYRIC acid - Abstract
Objective: High plasma triglyceride (TG) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Fibrates lower TG levels through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) agonism. Currently available fibrates, however, have relatively low selectivity for PPARα. The aim of this trial was to assess the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of K-877 (pemafibrate), a selective PPARα modulator, in statin-treated European patients with hypertriglyceridemia.Research Design and Methods: A total of 408 statin-treated adults were recruited from 68 European sites for this phase 2, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. They had fasting TG between 175 and 500 mg/dL and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) ≤50 mg/dL for men and ≤55 mg/dL for women. Participants were randomly assigned to receive placebo or one of six pemafibrate regimens: 0.05 mg twice a day, 0.1 mg twice a day, 0.2 mg twice a day, 0.1 mg once daily, 0.2 mg once daily, or 0.4 mg once daily. The primary end points were TG and non-HDL-C level lowering at week 12.Results: Pemafibrate reduced TG at all doses (adjusted P value <0.001), with the greatest placebo-corrected reduction from baseline to week 12 observed in the 0.2-mg twice a day treatment group (54.4%). Reductions in non-HDL-C did not reach statistical significance. Reductions in TG were associated with improvements in other markers for TG-rich lipoprotein metabolism, including reductions in apoB48, apoCIII, and remnant cholesterol and an increase in HDL-C levels. Pemafibrate increased LDL-cholesterol levels, whereas apoB100 was unchanged. Pemafibrate was safe and well-tolerated, with only minor increases in serum creatinine and homocysteine concentrations.Conclusions: Pemafibrate is effective, safe, and well-tolerated for the reduction of TG in European populations with hypertriglyceridemia despite statin treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
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- View/download PDF
28. Fe3O4 supported UiO-66 (Zr) metal–organic framework for removal of drug contaminants from water: fuzzy logic modeling approach
- Author
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Civan Çavuşoğlu, Ferda, Özçelik, Gülsüm, Özbek, Cengiz, Özkara-Aydınoğlu, Şeyma, and Bayazit, Şahika Sena
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Removal of emerging micropollutants from water using hybrid material precursor to natural sericite clay.
- Author
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Lalhmunsiama, Pawar, Radheshyam R., Chowdhury, Aniket, Zirlianngura, and Seung Mok Lee
- Subjects
- *
MICROPOLLUTANTS , *DICLOFENAC , *CLOFIBRIC acid , *SILANE compounds , *SEWAGE disposal plants , *FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy - Abstract
The occurrence of a wide range of micropollutants in natural aquatic environment has been reported in different parts of the world. These compounds are harmful for the aquatic life and human beings. Diclofenac and clofibric acid are the two common toxic micropollutants due to very large production and high consumption by humans. The present communication addresses the removal of diclofenac and clofibric acid from aqueous solutions using the hybrid material obtained by incorporating 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) onto the activated sericite clay. Initially, sericte clay was treated for activation and further modified with organosilane to obtain hybrid material. The materials were characterized using SEM, BET surface area, XRD, and FT-IR analyses. SEM and BET surface area analyses showed that the textural property of sericite clay was greatly changed after activation and the surface area was immensely increased from 3.65 to 62.92 m2/g. The organosilane was anchored on the activated clay and confirmed with FTIR analysis. Batch adsorption experiments showed that the diclofenac and clofibric acid removal is maximum at pH 6.0 to 7.0 and the adsorption of these two micropollutants were observed to be very fast and the time dependent adsorption data were best fitted to pseudo-second order kinetic model. The maximum adsorption capacity of diclofenac and clofibric acid using APTES-sericite hybrid material was found to be 1.868 and 1.749 mg/g, respectively. Furthermore, the loading capacities of the column packed with APTES-sericite hybrid material were found to be 0.789 and 1.095 mg/g. Therefore, this study indicated that the APTES-sericite hybrid material must be an useful material for the effective removal of diclofenac and clofibric acid from aqueous waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
30. Removal Efficiency of Lipid-regulating Drug Clofibric Acid from the Aquatic Environment by Calcined Anionic Clay ZnAl-CO3
- Author
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E. Mourid, M. Lakraimi, L. Benaziz, and M. Cherkaoui
- Subjects
anionic clay ,clofibric acid ,persistence ,elimination ,recycling ,Chemical engineering ,TP155-156 - Abstract
Clofibric acid (CA) is widely used as regulator of lipid levels in blood; it is considered one of the residual drugs that have a high persistence in the aquatic environment. After wastewater treatment, only a small amount of CA can be removed. The aim of this work was to investigate the reduction of CA in contaminated wastewater using calcinedanionic clay ZnAl-CO3, which was chosen for its higher adsorption capacity, recyclability, and non-regeneration of sludge. The maximum retention amount, Qm, exceeded 2220 mg g–1, and the value of DH° suggested a physical process. The removal rate achieved 90 %, and the remaining quantity was widely below the tolerance thresholds. Retention was achieved by hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions between the adsorbate molecules. Recycling tests clearly suggested that this material is recyclable, promising, and very effective compared to other adsorbents. This retention contributes to the attenuation of persistent lipid regulator.
- Published
- 2020
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31. Physician variation in the de-adoption of ineffective statin and fibrate therapy.
- Author
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Everhart, Alexander, Desai, Nihar R., Dowd, Bryan, Herrin, Jeph, Higuera, Lucas, Jeffery, Molly Moore, Jena, Anupam B., Ross, Joseph S., Shah, Nilay D., Smith, Laura Barrie, and Karaca-Mandic, Pinar
- Subjects
- *
STATINS (Cardiovascular agents) , *TYPE 2 diabetes diagnosis , *PHYSICIANS , *ELECTRONIC health records , *INSURANCE , *DATA warehousing , *ANTILIPEMIC agents , *CLOFIBRIC acid , *COMBINATION drug therapy , *HYPOGLYCEMIC agents , *TYPE 2 diabetes , *MEDICAL protocols , *RESEARCH funding , *DRUG utilization , *MEDICARE , *LONGITUDINAL method - Abstract
Objective: To describe physicians' variation in de-adopting concurrent statin and fibrate therapy for type 2 diabetic patients following a reversal in clinical evidence.Data Sources: We analyzed 2007-2015 claims data from OptumLabs® Data Warehouse, a longitudinal, real-world data asset with de-identified administrative claims and electronic health record data.Study Design: We modeled fibrate use among Medicare Advantage and commercially insured type 2 diabetic statin users before and after the publication of the ACCORD lipid trial, which found statins and fibrates were no more effective than statins alone in reducing cardiovascular events among type 2 diabetic patients. We modeled fibrate use trends with physician random effects and physician characteristics such as age and specialty.Data Extraction: We identified patient-year-quarters with one year of continuous insurance enrollment, type 2 diabetes diagnoses, and fibrate use. We designated the physician most responsible for patients' diabetes care based on evaluation and management visits and prescriptions of glucose-lowering drugs.Principal Findings: Fibrate use increased by 0.12 percentage points per quarter among commercial patients (95% CI, 0.10 to 0.14) and 0.17 percentage points per quarter among Medicare Advantage patients (95% CI, 0.13 to 0.20) before the trial and then decreased by 0.16 percentage points per quarter among commercial patients (95% CI, -0.18 to -0.15) and 0.05 percentage points per quarter among Medicare Advantage patients (95% CI, -0.06 to -0.03) after the trial. However, 45% of physicians treating commercial patients and 48% of physicians treating Medicare Advantage patients had positive trends in prescribing following the trial. Physicians' characteristics did not explain their variation (pseudo R2 = 0.000).Conclusion: On average, physicians decreased fibrate prescribing following the ACCORD lipid trial. However, many physicians increased prescribing following the trial. Observable physician characteristics did not explain variations in prescribing. Future research should examine whether physicians vary similarly in other de-adoption settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
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32. A Phase 3, Open-Label, Long-Term Safety Extension Study Evaluating the Safety and Tolerability of the Fixed-Dose Combination of Obeticholic Acid and Bezafibrate in Subjects With Primary Biliary Cholangitis.
- Subjects
CHOLANGITIS ,BILIOUS diseases & biliousness ,DIGESTIVE system diseases ,DRUG approval laws ,PRODUCT safety - Abstract
This article provides information about a newly launched clinical trial, NCT06488911, which aims to evaluate the safety and tolerability of a fixed-dose combination of Obeticholic Acid (OCA) and Bezafibrate in subjects with Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC). The trial is an open-label, long-term study and is currently not recruiting participants. The primary outcome measures include the number of participants reporting adverse events and serious adverse events, while secondary outcome measures include the reduction of pruritus and liver-related clinical outcomes. The trial is being conducted by Intercept Pharmaceuticals. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
33. Research from Tehran Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences Reveals New Findings on Nanoparticles (Synthesis and identification of magnetic nickel oxide nanoparticles for the magnetic solid phase extraction of gemfibrozil and its...).
- Abstract
Researchers from Tehran Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences have synthesized and identified magnetic nickel oxide nanoparticles for the pre-concentration and determination of gemfibrozil in human serum samples, pharmaceutical wastewater, and drugs. The nanoparticles were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The method was successfully used to determine gemfibrozil using a UV-Vis spectrometer, and the results were compared to the standard high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method, showing no significant difference between the two methods. The research provides valuable insights into the use of nanoparticles for solid phase extraction in pharmaceutical analysis. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
34. Findings on Antihyperlipidemic Agents Reported by Investigators at Hebei University [Gemfibrozil-platinum(Iv) Precursors for New Enhanced-starvation and Chemotherapy In Vitro and In Vivo].
- Abstract
A recent study conducted at Hebei University in the People's Republic of China has explored the potential of gemfibrozil-derived Pt(IV) prodrugs for enhanced-starvation and chemotherapy. The researchers found that these prodrugs exhibited nanomolar IC50 against cancer cells and higher selectivity against normal cells compared to cisplatin. In addition, the prodrugs were shown to induce DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis in cancer cells. The study also suggested that the prodrugs may block vasculature formation and accelerate cholesterol efflux and degradation, leading to their selective antitumor activity. This research has been peer-reviewed and published in the Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
35. Researchers from Rush University Medical Center Publish Findings in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (Amelioration of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by gemfibrozil in mice via PPARb/d: implications for multiple sclerosis).
- Abstract
Researchers from Rush University Medical Center have published a study on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a disease that serves as a model for multiple sclerosis (MS). The study found that gemfibrozil, a lipid-lowering drug, was effective in preserving the integrity of the blood-brain barrier and blood-spinal cord barrier, reducing the infiltration of mononuclear cells into the central nervous system, and inhibiting the disease process of EAE in mice. The study also showed that gemfibrozil protected regulatory T cells, which play a critical role in the disease process of EAE/MS. The findings suggest that gemfibrozil may have implications for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
36. A Phase 1, Open-label Study Evaluating the Effect of VX-993 on the Pharmacokinetics of Midazolam, and the Effect of Itraconazole and Gemfibrozil on the Pharmacokinetics of VX-993, in Healthy Adults.
- Subjects
ITRACONAZOLE ,DRUG side effects ,PHARMACOKINETICS ,MIDAZOLAM ,DRUG therapy ,METABOLIC clearance rate - Abstract
This document provides information about a clinical trial conducted by Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated. The trial, NCT06392659, is in Phase 1 and aims to evaluate the pharmacokinetics, drug-drug interactions, safety, and tolerability of VX-993 in healthy participants. The study will assess the effects of VX-993 on the pharmacokinetics of midazolam, as well as the effects of itraconazole and gemfibrozil on the pharmacokinetics of VX-993. The trial is not yet recruiting participants and is expected to be completed by July 31, 2024. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
37. Researchers from University of Miami Describe Findings in Cholangitis (Efficacy and Safety of Bezafibrate Alone or In Combination With Ursodeoxycholic Acid In Primary Biliary Cholangitis: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis).
- Subjects
CHOLANGITIS ,URSODEOXYCHOLIC acid ,RESEARCH personnel ,BILIOUS diseases & biliousness ,DIGESTIVE system diseases ,BILE ducts - Abstract
A systematic review and meta-analysis conducted by researchers from the University of Miami evaluated the efficacy and safety of bezafibrate (BZF) alone or in combination with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). The study found that BZF alone or in combination with UDCA improved liver biochemistries in PBC patients, specifically showing a significant improvement in serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) levels. However, the effect on mortality, liver-related complications, and quality of life remains unknown. The study highlights the need for further research in these areas. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
38. Dyslipidemia in children.
- Author
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Uniyal, Arti and Narang, Manish
- Subjects
- *
CARDIOVASCULAR diseases risk factors , *STATINS (Cardiovascular agents) , *CLOFIBRIC acid , *CHILDHOOD obesity , *HYPERLIPIDEMIA , *CORONARY artery disease , *HEALTH behavior , *BEHAVIOR modification , *CHILDREN - Abstract
Dyslipidemia is a condition characterized by abnormal levels of one or more plasma lipids or lipoproteins. It is a major cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) around the world. Pediatric dyslipidemias can lead to atherosclerosis and extrapolate to premature CVDs. Atherosclerotic lesions begin during childhood and act as the major risk factor for atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD). Dyslipidemias can be caused by primary genetic disorders or by secondary causes, the most common of which is obesity. In order to diagnose and manage dyslipidemias early, it is important to know the screening guidelines, lifestyle changes, and treatment for childhood dyslipidemias. The appropriate identification and management of dyslipidemia in childhood can lead to decreased risk factors for future CVDs. One of the best ways to manage childhood dyslipidemias is through appropriate lifestyle changes where parents play a vital role, through healthy home environment. Pharmacological interventions include statins and fibrates that play a major role. This article reviews pediatric dyslipidemia and reemphasizes on the importance of lifestyle changes modeled by parents as well as appropriate selection of treatment by health-care providers. The aim of this review article is to draw attention toward the importance of screening, identification, and timely management of dyslipidemias in children which can prevent future risks and complications that may even be life threatening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Association between lipid-lowering agents and severe hyponatremia: a population-based case–control study.
- Author
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Skov, Jakob, Falhammar, Henrik, Calissendorff, Jan, Lindh, Jonatan D, and Mannheimer, Buster
- Subjects
- *
STATINS (Cardiovascular agents) , *ANTILIPEMIC agents , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *CLOFIBRIC acid , *MULTIPLE regression analysis , *CASE-control method , *GUMS & resins , *HYPONATREMIA , *SOCIOECONOMIC factors , *EZETIMIBE , *HOSPITAL care , *ODDS ratio , *DISEASE complications - Abstract
Purpose: Drug-induced hyponatremia is common, with medications from many drug-classes implicated. Lipid-lowering agents are among the most prescribed drugs. Limited evidence suggests an inverse association between statins and hyponatremia, while data on other lipid-lowering agents is absent. The objective of this investigation was to study the association between lipid-lowering drugs and hospitalization due to hyponatremia. Methods: This was a register-based case–control study of the general Swedish population. Those hospitalized with a main diagnosis of hyponatremia (n = 11,213) were compared with matched controls (n = 44,801). Multivariable logistic regression adjusting for co-medication, diseases, previous hospitalizations, and socioeconomic factors was used to explore the association between severe hyponatremia and the use of lipid-lowering drugs. Results: Unadjusted ORs (95% CI) for hospitalization due to hyponatremia were 1.28 (1.22–1.35) for statins, 1.09 (0.79–1.47) for ezetimibe, 1.38 (0.88–2.12) for fibrates, and 2.12 (1.31–3.35) for resins. After adjustment for confounding factors the adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) compared with controls were 0.69 (0.64–0.74) for statins, 0.60 (0.41–0.86) for ezetimibe, 0.87 (0.51–1.42) for fibrates, and 1.21 (0.69–2.06) for resins. Conclusions: Use of statins and ezetimibe was inversely correlated with severe hyponatremia. Consequently, these drugs are unlikely culprits in patients with hyponatremia, and they appear safe to initiate in hyponatremic patients. A potential protective effect warrants further studies on how statins and other lipid-lowering drugs are linked to dysnatremias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Emerging Pharmacotherapy to Reduce Elevated Lipoprotein(a) Plasma Levels.
- Author
-
Eraikhuemen, Nathaniel, Lazaridis, Dovena, and Dutton, Matthew T.
- Subjects
- *
ATHEROSCLEROSIS risk factors , *THERAPEUTIC use of protease inhibitors , *LIPOPROTEINS , *CYSTEINE , *STATINS (Cardiovascular agents) , *ANTILIPEMIC agents , *STROKE , *CLOFIBRIC acid , *BLOOD plasma , *LOW density lipoproteins , *DISEASE incidence , *CORONARY disease , *MYOCARDIAL infarction , *RISK assessment , *NUCLEOTIDES , *APOLIPOPROTEINS , *GLYCOPROTEINS , *CHEMICAL inhibitors - Abstract
Lipoprotein(a) is a unique form of low-density lipoprotein. It is associated with a high incidence of premature atherosclerotic disease such as coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Plasma levels of this lipoprotein and its activities are highly variable. This is because of a wide variability in the size of the apolipoprotein A moiety, which is determined by the number of repeats of cysteine-rich domains known as "kringles." Although the exact mechanism of lipoprotein(a)-induced atherogenicity is unknown, the lipoprotein has been found in the arterial walls of atherosclerotic plaques. It has been implicated in the formation of foam cells and lipid deposition in these plaques. Pharmacologic management of elevated levels of lipoprotein(a) with statins, fibrates, or bile acid sequestrants is ineffective. The newer and emerging lipid-lowering agents, such as the second-generation antisense oligonucleotides, cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitors, and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors offer the most effective pharmacologic therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Effects of pharmaceuticals in fish : in vitro and in vivo studies
- Author
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Corcoran, Jenna Frances, Tyler, Charles R., and Winter, Matthew J.
- Subjects
571.95 ,fish ,aquatic environment ,drug metabolism ,PXR ,PPAR ,clofibric acid ,clotrimazole ,rifampicin ,cytochrome P450 ,pharmaceuticals - Abstract
Fish may be exposed to an array of pharmaceuticals that are discharged into the aquatic environment, paralleling advances in medical knowledge, research and technology. Pharmaceuticals by their nature are designed to target specific receptors, transporters, or enzymes. Nuclear receptors (NRs) are often a key component of the therapeutic mechanism at play, and many of these are conserved among vertebrates. Consequently, fish may be affected by environmental pharmaceutical exposure, however there has been relatively little characterisation of NRs in fish compared with in mammals. In this thesis common carp (C. carpio) were exposed to selected pharmaceuticals in vitro and in vivo to investigate effects centred on the pregnane X receptor (PXR) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), two key NRs involved in organism responses to pharmaceutical exposure. The PXR acts as a xenosensor, modulating expression of a number of xenobiotic metabolising enzymes (XMEs) in mammals. In a primary carp hepatocyte model it was shown that expression of a number of XMEs was altered on exposure to rifampicin (RIF), as occurs in mammals. This response was repressed by addition of ketoconaozle (KET; PXR-antagonist), indicating possible PXR involvement. The genes analysed showed up-regulation on exposure to ibuprofen (IBU) and clofibric acid (CFA), but not clotrimazole (CTZ) or propranolol (PRP). The lack of response to mammalian PXR-agonist CTZ was unexpected. In contrast, the same XME genes were found to be up-regulated in vivo after 10 days of exposure of carp to CTZ, although this response occurred only for a relatively high exposure concentration. CTZ was found to concentrate in the plasma (with levels up to 40 times higher than the water). Development and application of a reporter gene assay to measure PXR activation in carp (cPXR) and human PXR showed CTZ activation of cPXR, supporting data from the in vivo studies. Furthermore, activation was seen at concentrations as low as 0.01 μM. Interestingly RIF did not induce a response in the cPXR reporter gene assay, contrasting with the hepatocyte culture work. Taken together, the data presented here suggests divergence in the PXR pathway between mammals and fish in terms of ligand activation and downstream gene targets. PPARα was investigated in carp in vivo using CFA as a mammalian PPARα-agonist. Overall the resulting data suggested a broadly similar role for this NR in lipid homeostasis in fish as for mammals, with a number of PPARα-associated genes and acyl-coA oxidase (ACOX1) activity up-regulated in response to CFA exposure. A number of XMEs were also up-regulated by CFA (in vivo and in vitro), potentially extending the role of PPARα in fish (carp) to regulation of xenobiotic metabolism. The work presented has provided further characterisation of PXR and PPARα in fish. Elucidation of these pathways is vital to provide meaningful data in terms of establishing toxicity and mechanism-of-action data for pharmaceuticals and other compounds in fish, to allow validation of read-across approaches and ultimately aid in their environmental risk assessment. In vitro approaches are attractive ethically, financially and can provide useful mechanistic characterisation of compounds and the primary hepatocyte model and reporter gene assays used here show potential for the screening of pharmaceutical compounds in fish. However, further understanding of the metabolism of drugs and chemicals in fish is required to establish the true value of these methods for informing on possible effects in fish, in vivo.
- Published
- 2013
42. Enhancing the biodegradation efficiency of a emergent refractory water pollutant by a bacterial isolate through a statistical process optimization approach.
- Author
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Favier, Lidia, Ungureanu, Claudia Veronica, Simion, Andrei Ionut, Bahrim, Gabriela, and Vial, Christophe
- Abstract
[Display omitted] Clofibric acid, the main pharmacologically-active metabolite of pharmaceutical products used as antilipaemic agent has received, in last years, an increased interest because of its well-known recalcitrance to biodegradation and its high persistence in the aquatic environment. This molecule passes unchanged or poorly transformed in wastewater treatment plants. An indigenous strain of Streptomyces , named MIUG 4.89 was previously selected, exhibited the ability to favor clofibric acid biodegradation within submerged cultivation in controlled biotechnological conditions. Thus, in order to enhance the biodegradation of this refractory molecule, mathematical modeling and statistical optimization designs associated to Plackett-Burman Design and Response Surface Methodology were used to evaluate and optimize the effects of different major culture conditions of this bacterial isolate. According to the results, under optimized culture conditions (5 g L−1 glucose, inoculation level 4.7 %, 27.5 °C and 20 days of incubation) the strain Streptomyces MIUG 4.89 exhibited a successful removal of clofibric acid with a biodegradation yield of 54 %, which is in agreement with model prediction. Thus, under optimized conditions, the removal yield was enhanced, which is very promising accounting for the refractory character of this water pollutant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Researchers Submit Patent Application, "Improved Treatment For Globoid Cell Leukodsytrophy Or Krabbe Disease", for Approval (USPTO 20240082184).
- Published
- 2024
44. Studies from Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Update Current Data on Diabetes Mellitus (Bezafibrate alleviates diabetes-induced spermatogenesis dysfunction by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress).
- Abstract
A study conducted at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University in China explored the effects of bezafibrate, a pharmaceutical targeting PPARa activation, on male spermatogenesis dysfunction caused by diabetes mellitus (DM). The study used streptozocin (STZ) injection to establish a type 1 DM mice model and found that bezafibrate treatment had protective effects on DM-induced spermatogenesis deficiency. The treatment improved testis weight, histological morphology, sperm parameters, serum testosterone concentration, and mRNA levels of steroidogenesis enzymes. It also alleviated testicular cell apoptosis, inflammation accumulation, and oxidative stress. The study concluded that bezafibrate administration could be a novel strategy for male infertility caused by DM. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
45. Researchers from Wuhan University Describe Findings in Acute Lung Injury (Bezafibrate Attenuates Acute Lung Injury By Preserving Mitochondrial Dynamics Equilibrium In Pulmonary Epithelial Cells).
- Subjects
EPITHELIAL cells ,LUNG injuries ,RESEARCH personnel ,MITOCHONDRIA ,PEROXISOME proliferator-activated receptors - Abstract
Researchers from Wuhan University have conducted a study on acute lung injury (ALI), a life-threatening clinical syndrome with high mortality rates. The study focused on the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) in preserving mitochondrial dynamics equilibrium in pulmonary epithelial cells. The researchers found that bezafibrate (BEZ), a PPAR-gamma agonist, could attenuate ALI by reducing lung pathologic injury, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. BEZ also preserved mitochondrial dynamics equilibrium in primary pulmonary epithelial cells. However, the protective effects of BEZ were dependent on PPAR-gamma. This research provides insights into potential therapeutic strategies for ALI. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
46. Data on Familial Chylomicronemia Syndrome Reported by Mira Almheiri and Colleagues (Six-year follow-up of a child with familial chylomicronemia syndrome: disease course and effectiveness of gemfibrozil treatment -- Case report and literature...).
- Subjects
DISEASE progression ,DIGESTIVE system diseases ,SYNDROMES ,PANCREATIC diseases - Abstract
A recent report from Dubai, United Arab Emirates discusses familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS), a rare genetic disorder that affects lipoprotein metabolism. FCS can be diagnosed at any age and affects individuals of all genders, races, and ethnicities equally. The report presents the case of a 6-year-old girl with FCS who was successfully treated with Gemfibrozil and dietary restrictions. The patient initially presented with bloody diarrhea and was later diagnosed with FCS. Despite starting a low-fat diet, she developed acute pancreatitis, but her condition improved after starting Gemfibrozil. The report suggests that early management with Gemfibrozil may be beneficial for FCS patients. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
47. Removal Efficiency of Lipid-regulating Drug Clofibric Acid from the Aquatic Environment by Calcined Anionic Clay ZnAl-CO3.
- Author
-
Mourid, E., Lakraimi, M., Benaziz, L., and Cherkaoui, M.
- Subjects
- *
CLAY , *WASTEWATER treatment , *ADSORPTION capacity , *RECYCLABLE material - Abstract
Clofibric acid (CA) is widely used as regulator of lipid levels in blood; it is considered one of the residual drugs that have a high persistence in the aquatic environment. After wastewater treatment, only a small amount of CA can be removed. The aim of this work was to investigate the reduction of CA in contaminated wastewater using calcined anionic clay ZnAl-CO3, which was chosen for its higher adsorption capacity, recyclability, and non-regeneration of sludge. The maximum retention amount, Qm, exceeded 2220 mg g-1, and the value of DH° suggested a physical process. The removal rate achieved 90%, and the remaining quantity was widely below the tolerance thresholds. Retention was achieved by hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions between the adsorbate molecules. Recycling tests clearly suggested that this material is recyclable, promising, and very effective compared to other adsorbents. This retention contributes to the attenuation of persistent lipid regulator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Removal Efficiency of Lipid-regulating Drug Clofibric Acid from the Aquatic Environment by Calcined Anionic Clay ZnAl-CO3.
- Author
-
Mourid, E., Lakraimi, M., Benaziz, L., and Cherkaoui, M.
- Subjects
CLAY ,WASTEWATER treatment ,ADSORPTION capacity ,RECYCLABLE material - Abstract
Clofibric acid (CA) is widely used as regulator of lipid levels in blood; it is considered one of the residual drugs that have a high persistence in the aquatic environment. After wastewater treatment, only a small amount of CA can be removed. The aim of this work was to investigate the reduction of CA in contaminated wastewater using calcined anionic clay ZnAl-CO
3 , which was chosen for its higher adsorption capacity, recyclability, and non-regeneration of sludge. The maximum retention amount, Qm , exceeded 2220 mg g-1 , and the value of DH° suggested a physical process. The removal rate achieved 90%, and the remaining quantity was widely below the tolerance thresholds. Retention was achieved by hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions between the adsorbate molecules. Recycling tests clearly suggested that this material is recyclable, promising, and very effective compared to other adsorbents. This retention contributes to the attenuation of persistent lipid regulator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Statins, Fibrates, and Other Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Agonists for the Treatment of Cholestatic Liver Diseases.
- Author
-
Dubrovsky, Alanna M. K. and Bowlus, Christopher L.
- Subjects
BILE duct diseases ,CIRRHOSIS of the liver ,STATINS (Cardiovascular agents) ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,CLOFIBRIC acid ,PEROXISOME proliferator-activated receptors - Abstract
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) are autoimmune cholestatic liver diseases that commonly result in the need for liver transplantation. The lack of an effective therapy for PSC remains a largely unmet need in hepatology, and although the majority of patients with PBC will have an adequate response to ursodeoxycholic acid and/or obeticholic acid, there is a need for treatment among patients who do not respond completely to these therapies. Investigations of statins, fibrates, and other peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists suggest clinical benefit with some of these agents. Statins have recently been suggested to improve outcomes in patients with PSC but have not demonstrated benefit in patients with PBC, whereas fibrates and newer PPAR agonists appear to improve biochemical markers linked to better clinical outcomes in patients with PBC. Further research is needed to fully understand the clinical efficacy of these agents in the treatment of PBC and PSC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
50. What is new in lipid‐lowering therapies in diabetes?
- Author
-
Cheung, Yee‐Ming, O'Brien, Richard, and Ekinci, Elif I.
- Subjects
- *
STATINS (Cardiovascular agents) , *ANTILIPEMIC agents , *CARDIOVASCULAR diseases , *DIABETES , *HIGH density lipoproteins , *HYPERLIPIDEMIA , *NIACIN , *OMEGA-3 fatty acids , *PROTEOLYTIC enzymes , *RNA , *EZETIMIBE , *CLOFIBRIC acid - Abstract
Diabetes can lead to a myriad of microvascular and macrovascular complications – with the leading cause of mortality in diabetes being cardiovascular disease. Low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, along with non‐high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides are proven, modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease. This article will focus on lipid‐lowering agents in individuals with diabetes. It will summarise relevant changes in the latest guidelines for dyslipidaemia and will also review the mechanisms of action of lipid‐lowering agents along with the latest cardiovascular outcomes data specific to individuals with diabetes. Older agents such as statins, ezetimibe, fibrates and nicotinic acid will be reviewed with a focus on new diabetes‐specific evidence. Similarly, a relatively novel agent proprotein‐convertase subtilisin‐kexin type 9 will be reviewed and details around the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme criteria governing its usage in Australia will be reported. Finally, this review will touch on agents still on the horizon such as icosapent ethyl, high‐density lipoprotein mimetics, bempedoic acid, omega‐3 free fatty acids, bromodomain and extra‐terminal protein inhibitors and inclisiran – a long‐acting ribonucleic acid interference agent. In the appropriately selected population of individuals with diabetes, these agents can assist to improve further lipid profile and reduce cardiovascular events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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