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Background: This study examines the Prevalence of Language Barriers, Impacts, and Coping Strategies among Medical Students during their Clinical Rotation in Peshawar, an area with a wide range of language diversity. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 663 medical students from six medical colleges in Peshawar to assess the prevalence, frequency, and severity of language barriers, their impact on patient interactions, and the coping mechanisms employed by students. Results: The findings indicated that 39.1% of the students faced language barriers during clinical rotations; most of them were female and non-Pashto speakers. A vast proportion (69.1%) felt that these barriers negatively affected patient care due to difficulties in obtaining proper patient history and increased miscommunication. Moreover, students with language barriers reported anxiety and frustration during patient interaction. The primary coping strategy used by students was seeking support from colleagues at 80.7%. Figures showed that only 11.9% of students received formal training to overcome language barriers. Of course, students who received language barrier training were significantly more confident in clinical interactions. Conclusion: These results suggest extreme reforms in medical curricula, such as including many languages and cultural training programs to overcome language barriers; this would better prepare the students to work in a multilingual setting, dramatically reducing communication errors, improving patient care, and enriching the education experience in diverse areas.

While several studies have explored the barriers to accessing community pharmacies for individuals with physical, hearing, visual, and learning disabilities, most have focused on the perspectives of disabled individuals. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the barriers faced by community pharmacists when serving individuals with physical, visual, and hearing disabilities in Saudi Arabia, with the goal of recommending ways to enhance future healthcare provisions. Methods: A mixed-methods cross-sectional phenomenological study was conducted among community pharmacists in Saudi Arabia between March and April 2022. Both closed- and open-ended questions were utilized to identify themes related to community pharmacists' barriers and experiences when providing care to individuals with disabilities. Results: A total of 40 community pharmacists participated in this study. Among them, 57.5% reported encountering difficulties when caring for patients with disabilities, with 65% indicating a lack of specialized services at their respective community pharmacies. Three major themes emerged from the findings: the need for pharmacist training and awareness, technology-guided methods for overcoming communication barriers, and improving overall pharmacy accessibility. Conclusion: This study reveals a significant gap in the provision of services for patients with disabilities in Saudi Arabia. Addressing physical accessibility, providing targeted training, and leveraging technology can enhance care delivery and promote inclusivity. Further research is warranted to assess the effectiveness of technological solutions and the integration of artificial intelligence in improving communication and patient-centered care for individuals with disabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Introduction Health inequities disproportionately affect people from ethnic minority communities and require a comprehensive effort across healthcare disciplines to tackle them. Ethnically minoritised populations continue to be underserved, despite the growing awareness of the detrimental link between ethnicity and poorer health‐ and medication‐outcomes. Pharmacy has been recognised as an accessible and inclusive healthcare setting, with the ability to meet diverse patient needs. Yet, there still remain distinct gaps in knowledge of how to best design, implement and deliver culturally centred pharmacy services for members of ethnic minority communities. Methods A systematic literature search was undertaken in November 2023, across four databases: MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and PsycINFO. Qualitative studies were included if they addressed barriers, enablers and interventions aimed at tackling medicines‐ and health service inequalities affecting people from ethnic minority communities. Study quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist. Data were synthesised using a meta‐ethnographic approach, according to Noblit and Hare, forming a qualitative evidence synthesis to further understanding. Results This meta‐ethnographic systematic review synthesised data from 13 international studies eligible for inclusion. Four overarching third‐order constructs (termed ‘themes’) were developed through reciprocal translation and focused on: (i) navigating pharmacy systems across the globe; (ii) understanding cultural needs and beliefs that may influence medicine use; (iii) strengthening relationships with pharmacists and other healthcare providers and (iv) addressing possible language and communication barriers. Conclusion Pharmacists and policymakers should aim to raise awareness of pharmacy services, increase the provision of cultural competency training within the profession, build stronger relationships with minority communities, and facilitate access to interpretation services. A template of recommendations has been developed to further implement and deliver such services on an individual pharmacy‐, community‐ and profession‐basis. Future research should seek to utilise lived‐experience narratives and participatory co‐design methods to further explore ways to address wider healthcare accessibility inequalities for this minoritised population. Patient or Public Contribution Public contributors and authors (inequity research champions, G.K. and T.G.) informed and shaped this project during study design and conceptualisation; they helped to ensure that the study was conducted, and the findings were reported, with sensitivity.

A characteristic feature of specialist texts is the use of specialist terms, which, together with other linguistic devices at the morpho-syntactic, lexical and stylistic level, influence the degree of specialist content of the text. The use of terms can lead to a communication barrier, especially in communication between experts and lay people. In some areas, the use of precise language with specialist terms that are incomprehensible to inexperienced recipients cannot be completely avoided. In the case of non-specialist communication, text authors then look for different communication strategies to break down the barriers. These include the use of examples, figures, graphics and, last but not least, metaphors. This article has two aims: firstly, to show by example what functions (besides the illustrative function) metaphors fulfil in texts from selected disciplines; and, secondly, what role the juxtaposition of two heterogeneous semantic fields and the use of expressions from commonly understood everyday language play in communication. Specialist books, non-fiction books and magazines from various fields of communication, which are addressed to distinct groups of recipients and have different degrees of expertise, were selected for the analysis. On the basis of concrete evidence, it is shown that metaphors in particular, as linguistic images, but also as a link to everyday events, contribute significantly to the comprehensibility and attractiveness of a text. Just as importantly, the examples show that these linguistic images can be associated with various connotations and thus evoke emotions.

This paper introduces a novel approach employing Smart Gloves to enhance communication abilities among deaf and blind individuals, thereby mitigating the communication barrier they often encounter. The system is designed around the fundamental principles of Braille patterns, facilitating both remote and in-person communication. The Smart Gloves, worn on the left hand, integrate a wireless communication module controlled by an Arduino coding framework. Positioned strategically on the dorsal and palmar sides of the gloves are six push buttons and six vibration motors, respectively, representing the six dots of the Braille code. Users utilize these components to compose and transmit messages. Incoming messages from mobile devices or other users wearing similar gloves are conveyed through vibrations corresponding to Braille codes on the user's fingers. Additionally, the system incorporates mechanisms to identify the sender and ensure structured message delivery through predefined time intervals. The proposed device is user-friendly, cost-effective, and tailored to appeal to Braille users, thus offering a promising solution to enrich communication and dismantle existing barriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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There are significant disparities in cardiovascular health outcomes by limited English proficiency (LEP). Self-management plans (SMPs) are associated with better patient outcomes, however little is known about the association of LEP with having an SMP among adults with heart disease. This study examined this association using 2013-2016 California Health Interview Survey data. Among adults that received an SMP, we also examined whether they had a hard copy SMP (print or electronic vs. none), and whether they reported confidence in their ability to manage their heart disease. Our sample included a total of 9102 adults, including 1232 LEP and 7870 English proficient (EP) adults. LEP was associated with significantly lower odds of SMP receipt (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] 0.46, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 0.31 to 0.68). LEP and EP adults who received an SMP were similarly likely to have a hard copy SMP and report confidence in heart disease management. The finding that LEP adults were less likely than EP adults to receive an SMP may represent a missed opportunity to improve heart health outcomes for this group.

While several studies have explored the barriers to accessing community pharmacies for individuals with physical, hearing, visual, and learning disabilities, most have focused on the perspectives of disabled individuals. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the barriers faced by community pharmacists when serving individuals with physical, visual, and hearing disabilities in Saudi Arabia, with the goal of recommending ways to enhance future healthcare provisions. Methods: A mixed-methods cross-sectional phenomenological study was conducted among community pharmacists in Saudi Arabia between March and April 2022. Both closed- and open-ended questions were utilized to identify themes related to community pharmacists’ barriers and experiences when providing care to individuals with disabilities. Results: A total of 40 community pharmacists participated in this study. Among them, 57.5% reported encountering difficulties when caring for patients with disabilities, with 65% indicating a lack of specialized services at their respective community pharmacies. Three major themes emerged from the findings: the need for pharmacist training and awareness, technology-guided methods for overcoming communication barriers, and improving overall pharmacy accessibility. Conclusion: This study reveals a significant gap in the provision of services for patients with disabilities in Saudi Arabia. Addressing physical accessibility, providing targeted training, and leveraging technology can enhance care delivery and promote inclusivity. Further research is warranted to assess the effectiveness of technological solutions and the integration of artificial intelligence in improving communication and patient-centered care for individuals with disabilities.

Purpose: The present study aims to assess the impact of the local language on the view count of patient-oriented educational Sports Medicine videos in an Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital in the Middle East and North Africa. Methods: An observational study on English and Arabic versions of Aspetar's YouTube channel patient-oriented educational video series was conducted in February 2023, comparing the view count and viewer characteristics. Included videos were posted either simultaneously or in English version first, in both languages, and shared on the same media platforms. Collected data of interest included video title, view count in each language, age and sex of the viewers, location, and traffic source. Results: Eleven videos of the patient-oriented educational video series were included in the present study. Except for one, the view count was significantly higher in the Arabic version of all 11 videos (minimum sevenfold, P = 0.03). Viewers were predominantly males (73.9%) and between 18 and 44 years old (81.1%). Eleven out of 19 countries of the Middle East and North Africa region [11] were among the viewers' top 20 countries. Traffic sources included YouTube search (45.9%), YouTube suggested videos (17%), external sources (14.4%), YouTube browse features (8.5%), and YouTube advertising (6%). Conclusion: Patient-oriented educational Sports Medicine videos in Arabic yield higher view counts than their English version in young adult viewers from 11 countries in the Middle East and Africa among the top 20. Content creation on languages with limited online representation could effectively reach the targeted population by breaking language barriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to know teachers’ perception regarding research and throw a shadow of light on this critical issue with respect to teaching pedagogy. For this study, data were collected through survey questionnaire with close ended items from 104 secondary school teachers (SSTs) (grade 6 to 10) and English language centers of Karachi. The data analysis revealed that most of the teachers believed that the knowledge they gain from the teaching is more effective and valuable rather than the knowledge acquired from research. In both categories, majority of the participants declared that they have limited sources available in order to access the Second Language Acquisition (SLA) articles, whereas half of them stated that they do not have enough time to conduct SLA research, a few of them reported as lack of interest, one of the SSTs indicated that research articles are difficult to understand and no ability to conduct research. Furthermore, majority of the teachers agreed that a teacher should be researcher, whereas a few of them disagreed with the statement. This study concludes with some ideas and proposals to remove the pertaining communication barriers between researchers and teachers.

Communication with family members in critical care is challenged by socioeconomic, environmental, and organizational factors. Ineffective communication between healthcare providers and family members results in psychological distress and anxiety among family members and can lead to misunderstanding of the patient’s condition and ineffective decision-making. This manuscript aims to explore barriers to effective communication, understand standardized communication tools, and support their implementation in critical care. An extensive search of various databases provided a variety of articles meeting the criteria of communication barriers in critical care, end-of-life, and strategies to overcome these barriers. Health literacy, diversity, and environmental factors are significant barriers to communication in critical care. The COVID-19 pandemic has further complicated communication, necessitating organizations to implement creative communication strategies. An effective strategy that is consistently identified for improving communication is the implementation of communication skills training. The READY framework, VALUE (Value, Acknowledge, Listen, Understand, and Elicit) guide, and Psychosocial Assessment and Communication Evaluation (PACE) tool are presented as frameworks to improve communication in critical care, and important elements of family meetings are identified. The collaborative efforts of the healthcare team and organization are essential in overcoming the specific challenges of communicating in critical care. Healthcare organizations and individuals are obligated to ensure that healthcare providers are appropriately trained, provided adequate resources, and are competent in communicating complex information with family members. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Addressing language barriers through accurate interpretation is crucial for providing quality care and establishing trust. While the ability of artificial intelligence (AI) to translate medical documentation has been studied, its role for patient-provider communication is less explored. This review evaluates AI's effectiveness in clinical translation by assessing accuracy, usability, satisfaction, and feedback on its use., Methods: A systematic search was conducted on July 11, 2024, across Cumulated Index in Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Xplore, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Inclusion criteria required AI to translate clinical information for a real or theoretical consultation. Exclusion criteria included reviews, correspondence, educational materials, non-peer-reviewed or retracted reports, non-English translations, pre-2016 publications, and reports on sign language or patient education. Search strings representing AI, language interpretation, and healthcare were used. Two investigators independently conducted the screening, extraction, synthesis of results, and bias assessments using Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies - of Interventions (ROBINS-I), Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT), and the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research. A third investigator resolved conflicts., Results: Of 1,095 reports, 9 studies were analyzed, evaluating AI translation platforms Google Translate, Microsoft Translator, Apple iTranslate, AwezaMed, Pocketalk W, and the Asynchronous Telepsychiatry (ATP) App. Investigations occurred in the US, France, Switzerland, and South Africa, with publications from 2019-2024. AI medical translation shows promise, typically providing accurate translations for brief communications in limited languages, though human translation is often necessary. Accuracy scores ranged from 83-97.8% when translating from English, and 36-76% when translating to English. Usability scores were 76.7-96.7%. Patients were more satisfied than clinicians, with 84-96.6% and 53.8-86.7% satisfied, respectively. Clinicians were hesitant to use AI due to questions of respect, quality, reliability, and misunderstanding. AI is being used as a last-resort option, to assist fluent, non-certified providers and lay interpreters, and for brief communications., Conclusions: Limitations include few languages tested, unidirectional translation, simulation, and evolving translation tools. AI shows promise in clinical translation, but the complexity of medical consultations requires a balanced approach combining AI and human translation services for quality care., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at https://atm.amegroups.com/article/view/10.21037/atm-24-162/coif). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (2024 AME Publishing Company. All rights reserved.)

Aim This study aims to elucidate the foreign patient‐specific factors associated with emergency department length of stay (EDLOS) in a regional core hospital emergency department (ED) in Japan. Methods This retrospective observational study included non‐Japanese patients who visited the ED in a Japanese regional core hospital between April 1, 2018, and March 31, 2020. The effects on EDLOS were assessed using multivariate linear regression analysis, which included factors such as age, sex, consultation language, interpreter usage, arrival time, day of visit, mode of arrival, underlying disease, triage level, diagnosis of injury/noninjury, diagnostic investigations, consultation with specialists, and treatments or procedures. Results Of 65,297 ED patients, there were 777 study patients, with a median age of 37 years (interquartile range [IQR], 24.0–50.0). The median EDLOS was 101 min (IQR, 63.0–153.0). Multivariate linear regression analysis indicated that an extended EDLOS was associated with: language apart from Japanese, Chinese, or English (51.7 min; 95% confidence interval [CI], 17.8–85.6), helicopter arrival (115.6 min; 95% CI, 48.8–182.5), blood testing (60.5 min; 95% CI, 34.6–86.4), computed tomography (23.8 min; 95% CI, 3.7–43.9), consultation with specialists (36.2 min; 95% CI, 11.8–60.6), intravenous fluid/medication (29.7 min; 95% CI, 3.3–56.1), and surgical procedure/reduction/fixation in the ED (38.8 min; 95% CI, 14.2–63.4). Conclusions Consultation in a language other than Japanese, English, or Chinese was associated with a longer EDLOS in a regional core hospital in Japan. Devising ways to accommodate patients who speak various languages could be important.

Purpose: The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had affected the visiting or communicating policies for family members. We surveyed the intensive care units (ICUs) in South Asia and the Middle East to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on visiting and communication policies. Materials and method: A web-based cross-sectional survey was used to collect data between March 22, 2021, and April 7, 2021, from healthcare professionals (HCP) working in COVID and non-COVID ICUs (one response per ICU). The topics of the questionnaire included current and pre-pandemic policies on visiting, communication, informed consent, and end-of-life care in ICUs. Results: A total of 292 ICUs (73% of COVID ICUs) from 18 countries were included in the final analysis. Most (92%) of ICUs restricted their visiting hours, and nearly one-third (32.3%) followed a "no-visitor" policy. There was a significant change in the daily visiting duration in COVID ICUs compared to the pre-pandemic times (p = 0.011). There was also a significant change (p <0.001) in the process of informed consent and end-of-life discussions during the ongoing pandemic compared to pre-pandemic times. Conclusion: Visiting and communication policies of the ICUs had significantly changed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Future studies are needed to understand the sociopsychological and medicolegal implications of revised policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are significant disparities in cardiovascular health outcomes by limited English proficiency (LEP). Self-management plans (SMPs) are associated with better patient outcomes, however little is known about the association of LEP with having an SMP among adults with heart disease. This study examined this association using 2013–2016 California Health Interview Survey data. Among adults that received an SMP, we also examined whether they had a hard copy SMP (print or electronic vs. none), and whether they reported confidence in their ability to manage their heart disease. Our sample included a total of 9102 adults, including 1232 LEP and 7870 English proficient (EP) adults. LEP was associated with significantly lower odds of SMP receipt (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] 0.46, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 0.31 to 0.68). LEP and EP adults who received an SMP were similarly likely to have a hard copy SMP and report confidence in heart disease management. The finding that LEP adults were less likely than EP adults to receive an SMP may represent a missed opportunity to improve heart health outcomes for this group.

As the COVID-19 pandemic hit globally and changed the way how organizations work, communication is one of the key factor that plays a major role in organization sustainability. As of 2018, 488,948 people were registered as Persons with Disabilities (PWDs) with the Department of Social Welfare which reflects to 1.53% of Malaysia's population. Malaysian government has allocated a 1% policy for hiring PWDs in the public sector giving employment opportunities to 3,782 PWDs in 2015- 2017. The percentage is of PWDs employed is lower at 0.7% compare to others country like India that managed to obtain 1.43% employment rate of government jobs. The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of communication in the companies and to evaluate factors that can improve better disability employment communication support. This ethnographic qualitative research approach uses inductive data reasoning with quota sampling from 535 respondents from both public and private sector in Pahang, Malaysia. In descending order, the themes found from this study were appropriate communication device, communication flow, communication barriers and communication behaviour. The findings from this research is then implicated to managers of companies to be used when it comes to planning and practicing inclusivity in the workplace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Communication is vital to the effective implementation of organizational changes. During the major organizational changes within the organization, a good and suitable communication process is needed and important to improve company’s operation performance. The aim of this paper is to analyze communication problems during organizational changes and to propose the appropriate interventions in the organization’s case study. Three major internal communication barriers are found and indicated which related to the geography, culture and people problems. Through applying not only ICT’s approaches, but also implementing training, education and workshop as well as boundary spanners programs, those communication problems could be overcome.

Successful management of a pregnant patient with complex congenital heart disease is a challenge for anesthesiologists, requiring thorough knowledge of the impact of pregnancy on the cardiac lesion. Hearing and speech impaired patients pose a barrier to effective communication between the patient and the doctors, thus increasing the anxiety and risk of complications. Here, we present a case of a hearing and speech impaired woman with the rare and dangerous Eisenmenger's syndrome, presenting for an emergency cesarean section (CS).

This research examines cross-cultural communication between teachers and students who could not speak English well at SDN 18 Parhorasan in Samosir. There were 17 participants, who were grade five students in elementary school. The students had different social backgrounds and so found speaking English difficult. They were used to using their Batak dialect when they tried to speak English. The pronunciation seemed to be a joke for them. The researchers investigated the cultural and language barriers in communication among the teachers and students when they learn English in the class. This research was conducted using a descriptive qualitative method. The findings highlighted the barriers in expression, intonations and sentences. 50% of the barriers were cultural and 50% were language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Communication between clinicians and family members of patients about treatment limitation practices is essential to care-planning and decision-making. For patients and family members from culturally diverse backgrounds, there are additional considerations when communicating about treatment limitations., Objective: The objective of this study was to explore how treatment limitations are communicated with family members of patients from culturally diverse backgrounds in intensive care., Methods: A descriptive study using a retrospective medical record audit was undertaken. Medical record data were collected from patients who died in 2018 in four intensive care units in Melbourne, Australia. Data are presented using descriptive and inferential statistics and progress note entries., Results: From 430 adult deceased patients, 49.3% (n = 212) of patients were born overseas, 56.9% (n = 245) identified with a religion, and 14.9% (n = 64) spoke a language other than English as their preferred language. Professional interpreters were used in 4.9% (n = 21) of family meetings. Documentation about the level of treatment limitation decisions were present in 82.1% (n = 353) of patient records. Nurses were documented as present for treatment limitation discussions for 49.3% (n = 174) of patients. Where nurses were present, nurses supported family members, including reassurance that end-of-life wishes would be respected. There was evidence of nurses coordinating healthcare activities and attempting to address and resolve difficulties experienced by family members., Conclusions: This is the first known Australian study to explore documented evidence of how treatment limitations are communicated with family members of patients from culturally diverse backgrounds. Many patients have documented treatment limitations, yet there are a proportion of patients who die before treatment limitations can be discussed with family, which may influence the timing and quality of end-of-life care. Where language barriers exist, interpreters should be used to better ensure effective communication between clinicians and family. Greater provision for nurses to engage in treatment limitation discussions is required., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest We know of no conflicts of interest associated with this publication., (Copyright © 2023 Australian College of Critical Care Nurses Ltd. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The relationship between doctors and patients is broadly concerned and discussed in health care aspect. The objective of this study focused on the strategies how cardiologists overcome the barrier during communicate with patients using interpersonal communication (IPC) skills. Qualitative research methodology and a phenomenological approach was applied in this study through in-depth interview and observation sessions with 8 cardiologists. The gathered data were transcribed verbatim and analysed it using ATLAS.ti7 software in the way to identified the key themes, sub-themes and inter-relationships on the quotes. The results of the study showed it is recommended a doctor should be trained on managing time while the consultation session take place with patients and for doctors’ time limitation really challenge to serve the patients. Through time management training it is possible for the doctors may more effectively and efficiently communicate with patients during the consulting session. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate how the dominance of the English language at Bisha King Abdullah Hospital in Saudi Arabia affects service delivery. Specifically, the research focuses on the attitudes of patients and staff towards communicating in English instead of Arabic, which is the primary official language in Saudi Arabia. First, the study addresses the question of how the dominance of English language in the selected medical context affects service delivery. Second, the study explores the attitude of patients and medical staff towards the dominance of the English language. Third, the study presents a comparison of the attitude of patients and medical staff towards the use of English language. Finally, the study responds to the question of how patients' level of education influences their attitude towards the use of English at the hospital. The study is based on quantitative research, involving 60 participants, where 30 patients and 30 medical staff. The findings reveal that 86.7% of medical staff members find it challenging to communicate with their patients in English. On the same note, 60% of patients interviewed admitted that they find it difficult understanding medical practitioners when they communicate in English. The findings can have significant practical implications since they show a possible communication barrier that can be addressed to improve patient experience at Bisha King Abdullah Hospital. The findings provide statistical evidence to inform evidence-based strategies to improve communication between patients and medical practitioners at the hospital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Statistics from Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 has shown that the number of fatality in the construction industry is 5 times more than in other sectors. The total fatalities in construction are 796 in year 2013 and out of this 796, there were 294 fall fatalities. Hence, there is an urgent need to mitigate this problem. A study has been conducted to investigate the root causes of fall hazards in construction site. Therefore, this paper is intended to identify and highlights the types of fall hazards that are most commonly found at construction sites today and the most causes contribute to fall as well as the most effective solutions to overcome the fall hazards. The data collection was being carried out through questionnaire survey to the construction company within Kuching areas. The data were then analyzed by using Likert scaling method. The finding of this study indicates that most fall hazards are caused by roof falls and scaffolding falls where communication barrier is the main problem causes the fall hazards. Besides, the responses from the survey had shown that workplace inspection that conducted weekly and through checklist and by informing affected workers involved about the result of the checklist is the adoptable typical measure to reduce the fall hazards. In conclusion, the problem of fall hazards could be improved and the findings of this study will be helped for further research as well as relevant reference in order to mitigate fall accidents in Kuching.

Introduction : Even though speech disfluency is listed in the clinical description of Parkinson’s disease (PD), its nature, intensity, symptomatology, and the effect on verbal communication have not hitherto been defined. Aim of the research: The research paper presents the results of studies aimed at the description of speech disfluencies in PD and the influence on verbal communication. Material and methods : The tests involved 10 patients from 54 to 72 years of age with documented PD, responsive to L-dopa preparations. The principal method of the study was based on the linguistic analysis of the utterances produced by the people with PD. Results: The intensity of the speech disfluency observed in the utterances of persons with PD ranged from 6.6% to 23.0%, so it was significantly higher than that which is assumed as acceptable (3–5%); the speaking rate of the examined persons ranged from 0.7 syllabes (syl.)/s to 4.0 syl./s, and only 2 examined persons spoke with a rate considered to be correct (4–6 syl./s). This demonstrates that speech disfluency is a communication barrier in PD. Conclusions : The absence of differentiation in the speech disfluency (SD) severity between different types of verbal utterances (difference not statistically significant) and a specified hierarchy of SD symptoms indicate that the speech disfluency in PD has an essentially organic background and is generated by cognitive, linguistic, and motor deficits resulting from the damage to the central nervous system. This is also confirmed by the established hierarchy of utterances with respect to the SD intensity, not excluding the simultaneous participation of the emotional factor.

Interpersonal trust between patient and nurse is important in patient-centered care. Trust development may be more difficult if the patient and nurse do not speak the same language. In this grounded theory study, Spanish-speaking Mexican American adults (n = 20) hospitalized on a medical-surgical or obstetric unit in the Midwestern United States were interviewed. Through data analysis, a model of how trust develops between nurse and patient revealed eight categories and the core category Caring for Me Well Even When Not Understanding Me. The beginning phase had four categories: Asking for Help, Bothering, Communicating, and Understanding. The middle phase had two categories: Platicando (chatting) and Being Available. The end point category was Having Trust, and outcomes were Feeling Comfortable and Feeling Supported. The language barrier was a hindrance to trust development but the nurse’s way of being (personality) was more important. Therefore, the patient did develop trust with nurses who did not speak Spanish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Successful management of a pregnant patient with complex congenital heart disease is a challenge for anesthesiologists, requiring thorough knowledge of the impact of pregnancy on the cardiac lesion. Hearing and speech impaired patients pose a barrier to effective communication between the patient and the doctors, thus increasing the anxiety and risk of complications. Here, we present a case of a hearing and speech impaired woman with the rare and dangerous Eisenmenger's syndrome, presenting for an emergency cesarean section (CS). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foreign body ingestion is a common problem among elderly patients and can pose a serious health risk, particularly for those with communication barriers, cognitive impairments, or obscure medical histories. This report presents the case of a 67-year-old female inpatient who had a language communication barrier and accidentally ingested a blister pack. Effective communication was facilitated through an interpreter, and prompt endoscopic intervention was conducted to remove the foreign body safely. The patient was discharged with no further symptoms during follow-up. This case highlights the importance of prompt evaluation and intervention for foreign body ingestion in elderly patients, particularly those with communication barriers., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, Zhu et al.)