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Study of complex compounds structures of zinc(II) chloride and cadmium(II) chloride with potassium cyanide and N,N’-diethylthiourea (detu) as compound A and B, respectively, have not been reported. Therefore, the synthesize of those complex compounds had been carried out to study their structure prediction. In this research, compounds A and B were prepared by means of the direct method using distilled-water and methanol solvent. The melting point measurement of compounds A and B gave 203-205 °C and 210-213 °C at ambient pressure, respectively. Structure prediction and free energy calculation of the A and B complexes used Semi-Empirical PM6. Both complexes gave the calculated free energy as -129.605 kJ/mol and -381.0029 kJ/mol with tetrahedral geometry of metal ion, respectively. The electric conductivity test proposed that compound A is ionic, while compound B is molecular. The atomic ratio between the central atom and sulfur as atom donor regarding the EDX analysis for both compounds was 1:4 and 1:1, respectively. The prediction on chemical formula of A was [Zn(detu)4](CN)2 and B was [(CN)(detu)Cd(µ−CN)2Cd(CN) (detu)].

The properties of compounds of zinc stearate (ZnSt) and the zinc salt of a lightly sulfonated atactic polystyrene ionomer are described. ZnSt was miscible with the ionomer glass at concentration

Changes were detected in the blood of rats caused by heavy metal compounds. The results show that the salts of heavy metals poisoning demonstrates in damage in the blood cells in the animal body and making weaker their immunity. As a result, various changes occur in animals. In addition, material was collected on immune depressive exposure to heavy metals in the body of rats 25, 50, 75, 100 times more compounds of zinc ions, lead and cadmium. Animal disorders were observed in the nervous system, including tearing, inflammation conjunctive sac and certain groups even with bleeding. Leukogram, whichwas made by the blood of rats, showed that the poisoning caused by the impact of three types of heavy salts, has led to significant changes in the health and behavior of the animals. When increasing by 100 times more poisoning three compound salts in animal organisms have been found strong signs of poisoning,finally, all experimental rats died within 5-6 days. It is important to note, animals poisoned by 75-100 times the maximum permissible concentration of heavy metal salts of the three compound salts have died. Leukogram of experimental rats showed that, in the blood of rats, poisoned by three salts, duringneutrophilia and lymphopenia, leukopenia was found. Neutrophils are characterized by granulated toxicity and gipersigmatich core.

The protective effect of 3-mercaptoalkyl derivatives of 5-amino-1H-1,2,4-triazole against corrosion of &alpha, brass in a chloride media was studied using polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and full-scale corrosion testing. The brass electrode remains passive up to the activation potential, which is much higher than in solutions without organic additives, and it increases with the concentration of the inhibitor. The protection degree of all the studied inhibitors reaches its maximum of over 99% in solutions with the concentration of the inhibitor Cinh &ge, 0.10 mM. The protective effect increases with the length of the alkyl chain. All the studied derivatives are effective against atmospheric corrosion of &alpha, brass. A protective film is formed on the brass surface, and it most probably includes oxides as well as complex compounds of zinc and copper with the molecules of the inhibitors. The impedance spectroscopy demonstrated that the presence of the inhibitor results in a decrease in the double-layer capacitance and an increase in the polarization resistance, which proves that the protective film actually forms on the brass surface. The quantum chemical analysis of the optimized molecular structures demonstrates that all the studied inhibitors should have a similar protective effect, which agrees with the experimental results.

1,10-Dicarboxy-1,10-dicarba-closo-decaborane, a classical dicarboxylate spacer ligand type similar to the prototypical terephthalic acid, proved to be different not only from the latter, but also from its closest relative compound, 1,12-dicarboxy-closo-1,12-dicarbadecaborane, with regard to the topology of its derived PCPs. Highly porous and robust compounds of zinc (rob net) and cobalt (‘quasi’ pcu) as well as a topologically unexpected copper compound (lvt) define the individuality of the 10-vertex carborane cage as a new fundamental spacer type in PCP chemistry. A combination of a lower steric demand compared to the 12-vertex analogue, a preferred orientation angle of 45° between the carboxylate planes and a moderately low rotation barrier are held responsible for the uniqueness of the 10-vertex analogue. crosscheck: This document is CrossCheck deposited related_data: Supplementary Information related_data: Crystal Structure Data copyright_licence: The Royal Society of Chemistry has an exclusive publication licence for this journal history: Received 20 December 2015; Accepted 15 February 2016; Accepted Manuscript published 16 February 2016; Advance Article published 1 March 2016; Version of Record published 14 March 2016 ispartof: CrystEngComm vol:18 issue:12 pages:2036-2040 status: published

The objective of this work was study and assessment of the main regularities of distribution of forms of finding of Zn, Pb in light chestnut soils of the territory of the island “Polkovnichii” (Semey, Kazakhstan) as a basis of assessment of influence of technogenic pollution and development for successful monitoring of a surrounding medium, protection of soils. It was found that average total of Pb content of 1.2 times, of Zn content – 2.4 times lower than their clark contents in soils. The examined soils on the level of the average content of mobile forms of zinc are the medium soils by the presence of this element. Reliable direct correlative dependence on a humus and рН for acid soluble (extracting agent – 2.5% of CH3COOH) form of lead is revealed. Reliable positive correlative dependence on values рН the forms of Zn strongly bound to organic matter of the soil is found. It was revealed that the migration of forms of finding of leadand zincum on a profile of the soil happens nonuniformly: accumulation of zinc is noted in the top horizons of the soil – humic An and the humic accumulative horizon of A1. It was found that accumulation of lead happens in the illuvial horizon of B1 of the investigated soils.

Complex compounds of zinc and copper(ii) with trans-2R,3R-dihydro-2-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one (dihydroquercetin) were synthesized under optimized reaction conditions. The structures of the synthesized compounds [ZnL2(H2O)2] (1) and [CuLOH(H2O)] (2) were determined by IR and NMR spectroscopy, DART mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. Experimental studies showed that compounds 1 and 2 exhibit in vivo activity against the influenza virus A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2). Compound 2 was found to have direct virucidal activity against the virus A/Duck/Potsdam (H5N2).

The chemistry of zinc hydrides, including the main approaches to the synthesis, structure and physicochemical properties of compounds containing zinc-hydrogen bond, is systematized the review.

Nanostructured non-valence compounds based on coordination compounds of zinc(II) with phthalic and terephthalic acids have been prepared. The purity and composition of prepared compounds have been elucidated from X-ray diffraction analysis, IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and thermogravimetry studies; thermal decomposition of the non-valence compounds has been studied as well. The prepared self-assembled compounds are co-precipitated with one water molecule and 1.5 acetic acid molecules per unit of the dicarboxylic acid: [Zn4(OH)6·o-C6H4(COO)2]·H2O·1.5CH3COOH and [Zn4(OH)6·p-C6H4(COO)2]·H2O· 1.5CH3COOH.

The ethyl complexes of dysprosium DyI2Et(DME)2 and DyIEt2(DME)2 were synthesized by the reaction of DyI2 with ZnEt2 in dimethoxyethane. The complexes were isolated as pale yellow crystals. According to the X-ray diffraction data, these compounds contain, in addition to DyI2Et(DME)2 and DyIEt2(DME)2, triiodide DyI3(DME)2 (1). The reactions of CdMe2 with NdI2, DyI2, and TmI2 proceed in a similar way and afford methyl iodide complexes of lanthanides. The reaction of GaEt3 with DyI2 gave the ionic complex of trivalent dysprosium [GaEt4]−[DyI2(THF)5]+ (2).

Enthalpies of vaporization for diethylzinc, diethylselenium, dimethylcadmium, and dimethyltellurium, and their equimolecular solutions are determined via calorimetry and tensiometry. It is found that in the liquid phase and the temperature range of 273-368 K, equimolecular solutions of ZnEt2 · SeEt2 behave as single-component systems that dissociate into constituting substances upon vaporization. At the same time, equimolecular solutions of ZnEt2 · SeMe2, CdMe2 · SeMe2, and CdMe2 · TeMe2 consist of two components whether in a liquid or vapor phase.

Three new supramolecular compounds, (aacrH)2[Zn(hypydc)2]� 4H2O 1, (aacrH)2[UO2(hypydc)2]� 2DMSO 2, and (aacrH)2[Ni(hypydc)2]� 4H2O 3, [where hypydcH2 = 4-hydroxypyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (chelidamic acid), aacr = 9-aminoacridine and DMSO = dimethyl sulfoxide] have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, spectral (IR, UV–Vis, fluorescence), 1 H NMR spectroscopy, thermal (TG/ DTG/DTA) analysis and single crystal X-ray diffraction. All three compounds are proton transfer salts of the aminoacridinium cation and transition metal complex anions that crystallized from a solution of the dicarboxylic acid, aminoacridine, and metal nitrates as starting materials. The coordinating dicarboxylic acid is deprotonated at the carboxyl rather than the hydroxyl group, and the aminoacridine is selectively protonated at the pyridyl nitrogen but not at the amino group. In the crystal structures of 1–3 complex hydrogen bonding arrangements and p–p stacking play important roles. Water clusters (H2O)n [n = 2–4] are formed in compounds 1 and 3. The complexes are strongly luminescent at room temperature, exhibiting a sharp emission at 400 nm. The equilibrium constants of chelidamic acid (hypydc), 9-aminoacridine (aacr), proton transfer system as well as those of the complexes, were investigated by a potentiometric pH titration method.

The optical limiting (OL) of nanosecond laser pulses in solutions of newly synthesized dyes in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) has been investigated. These dyes are compounds of zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) with D-galactopyranosyl radicals (Gal) located in the peripheral (p-GalZnPc) and nonperipheral (n-GalZnPc) positions with respect to the ZnPc macrocycle. Experiments have been performed using laser radiation with a wavelength of 532 nm, at which the optical absorbance of solutions of ZnPc, p-GalZnPc and n-GalZnPc dyes is four orders of magnitude lower than the absorbance in the peaks at wavelengths of 671, 680, and 701 nm, respectively. It is established that solutions of p-GalZnPc and n-GalZnPc in DMSO have a much lower OL threshold in comparison with ZnPc solution; the nonlinearity of p-GalZnPc solutions exceeds that of n-GalZnPc solutions. OL thresholds for the dyes under study in a wide concentration range are determined.

ZnO nanoflowers were prepared as an easy by chemical materials such as NH4OH and TOA and salt of zinc by hydrothermal method in four steps. The morphological features, crystallinity, and optical properties of the ZnO nanoflowers were studied by SEM images, EDX analysis XRD pattern, UV-vis, PL, and FT-IR Spectroscopy. FT-IR spectra showed a strong band at 622 cm−1 is attributed to the Zn-O stretching band. XRD results showed that the obtained ZnO nanoflowers were composed of hexagonal wurtzite phase with very good crystallinity. The PL and UV absorption spectra showed a broad green band emission and a relatively narrow absorbtion band at 550 and 274 nm, respectively. EDX analysis confirmed that the separator substance had removed completely and the product is very pure and only contains compounds of zinc and the oxygen. The SEM images show that ZnO nanoflowers with of 400 and 50 nm in diameter were synthesized.

The preparation and characterization of a number of mixed metal oxides of ruthenium and copper are described, the compounds being chosen to demonstrate the changes that occur on moving from the 3-D perovskite structure to the 2-D K 2 NiF 4 structure via the intermediate Ruddlesden-Popper structure. Full structure refinements by neutron powder diffraction are reported for SrLaCuRuO 6 , SrLaCuSbO 6 , Sr 3 NdCuRuO 8 , Sr 3 LaCuRuO 8 , Sr 3.5 La 0.5 CuRuO 8−δ , Sr 3 LaZnRuO 8 , Sr 2 LaCuRuO 7−δ , and Sr 2.15 La 0.85 CuRuO 7−δ . There is no evidence for the presence of Cu 3+ in any of these samples. The electrical conductivities of these phases, and also those of Sr 1.2 La 0.8 CuRuO 6−δ and Sr 2 LaZnRuO 7 , have been measured as a function of temperature. All these materials are semiconductors, but none shows long range magnetic order at 1.5 K.

The high-pressure induced structural phase transitions and pressure induced elastic and anharmonic behavior of boron compounds viz. BN, BP, and BAs have been investigated using an inter-ionic potential approach based on charge transfer effect. These compounds go to NaCl phase (B1) under pressure from zinc blende phase (B3). The variations of second-order elastic constants and their combinations follow a systematic trend with pressure, identical to that observed in other compounds of zinc blende structure family. Shear stiffness constants decrease with increasing pressure up to phase transition pressure. The bulk moduli of these compounds are in reasonably good agreement with other theoretical and experimental data. The values of phase transition pressure of these compounds obtained by using the present approach are also in good agreement with those predicted by using the pseudo potential approach. The present approach has also succeeded in predicting the Born and relative stability criterion for stable zinc blende phase of these compounds. We also present a set of third-order elastic constants and pressure derivatives of second-order elastic constants for boron compounds.

The chemistry of zinc hydrides, including the main approaches to the synthesis, structure and physicochemical properties of compounds containing zinc-hydrogen bond, is systematized the review.

The static membrane method was used to study the temperature dependences of equilibrium guest vapor pressure over inclusion compounds of two coordination polymers with chlorobenzene, [M(bipy)(DBM)2] · 2C6H5Cl, where M = M(II) = Zn and Ni, bipy = 4,4′-dipyridyl, and DBM = C6H5COCHCOC6H 5 − is the dibenzoylmethanate anion. The data obtained were used to calculate the thermodynamic parameters of dissociation of these compounds. The regions of their existence and the stoichiometry and character of phase transitions were determined by thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses.

Nanocrystalline zinc compounds were obtained by thermooxidative degradation of zinc complexes. There are presented the conditions of synthesis and results in the characterisation (chemical analysis, thermal analysis) for two complex compounds of zinc: [Zn(phen)(S 2 O 3 )(H 2 O)]·2H 2 O and [Zn(phen) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ][Zn(phen)(S 2 O 3 ) 2 ]·4H 2 O. On the basis of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) the complex sulfide and zinc oxide (prepared by controlled thermal decomposition of these compounds) may be included in the nanomaterials category.

A theoretical study of the elastic behavior in diluted magnetic semiconductors Zn 1- x Mn x Se ( x =0.016, 0.026 and 0.053) using a three-body interaction (TBI) caused by the electron-shell deformation of the overlapping ions is carried out. The estimated values of phase transition pressure and the vast volume discontinuity in pressure–volume (PV) phase diagram indicate the structural phase transition from zinc blende ( B 3) to rock salt ( B 1). The variation of second-order elastic constants with pressure resembles that observed in other compounds of zinc blende structure family. However, the inconsistency in the value of pressure derivative of theoretical and the experimental value of bulk modulus is attributed to the fact that we have derived our expressions neglecting thermal effects and assuming the overlap repulsion significant only up to nearest neighbors. The present approach has also succeeded in predicting the Born and relative stability criteria. It is revealed that interionic potential approac...

The present work employs interionic potential approach based on charge transfer effect to calculate and describe the high pressure phase transition and elastic behaviour of the diluted magnetic semiconductors Zn 1− x M x Se (M=Cd, Fe and Mn). We have obtained a reasonably good agreement between present calculated values and experimentally observed data on the phase transition pressures. The volume collapses and high pressure behaviours are also in reasonably good agreement with the available data for all compounds under consideration. The variations of elastic constants and their combinations with pressure follow a systematic trend, identical to that observed in other compounds of zinc blende structure family. The present approach has also succeeded in predicting the Born and relative stability criteria.

The production of steel in electric arc furnaces (EAF) generates a by-product called EAF dusts. Due to the presence of significant amounts of leachable compounds of zinc, lead, cadmium, chromium and nickel, EAF dusts are classified as hazardous wastes. The quantity of EAF dust generated per year around the world represents a possible recovery of about 900 t of zinc. The major obstacle in the hydrometallurgical extraction and beneficial reuse of zinc is the presence of highly stable zinc ferrite ZnFe2O4. The amount of zinc in this form is about 50% of the total zinc. The objective of the process studied is to extract zinc from zinc ferrites contained in EAF dusts without destroying the iron oxide matrix, which can be recycled in the steel industry. The process is a hydrometallurgical treatment of waste based on the destruction of the ferrite structure. For this, ZnFe2O4 is treated by FeCl3·6H2O. The reaction consists of O2−/Cl− exchange allowing the recovery of zinc as ZnCl2 and iron as hematite αFe2O3. The separation of these products is obtained by aqueous leaching. In a first step, the process was studied on zinc ferrites synthesised in the laboratory, then extended to real samples. All the zinc is extracted after a 8 h treatment at 150 °C with a molar ratio FeCl3·6H2O/ZnFe2O4 of 10. The ultimate solid residues, which have been concentrated in iron, should be oriented towards the steel industry. The process has been also applied to roasted zinc concentrates containing zinc ferrite.

Several organic compounds of zinc were synthesised, blended in oil, and evaluated in laboratory bench tests for AW/EP, friction, and deposition properties. Two of these, a zinc dithiophosphocarbamate and a package based on zinc dialkyldithiophosphate plus a sulphurised compound, appear to give the best overall performance.

The degree of chromosome damage induced by three compounds of zinc (zinc chloride, zinc sulfate, zinc acetate) was compared in human leucocytes in vitro. Three concentrations of each salt, 3.0 x 10(-5)M, 3.0 x 10(-4)M, and 1.5 x 10(-3)M, were added to leukocyte cultures. The cells were harvested after 48 and 72 h and chromosome spreads were prepared following a colchicine-hypotonic-fixation-air drying-Giemsa staining schedule. The end point screened was chromosome aberrations. All three salts were lethal at the highest concentration. The degree of chromosome damage was directly proportional to the concentrations used for zinc sulfate and zinc acetate but not for zinc chloride.

SUMMARY A study on the speclation and bioavailability of zinc in calcareous soils near an old mining site in semi-aridic conditions (S.E Spain) is presented. The mobility of both solid particles and soluble compounds of zinc are considered. The processes governing zinc transfer from the element-rich zone to the neighbouring soils are strongly influenced by the semi-aridic climate, while the presence of a high proportion of carbonates is also an important factor in the mobilization of the metal. Reactions which take place in the solid-liquid-gas interfaces are discussed. Data were obtained using both conventional methods for element speciation and a recently reported method especially adapted to highly calcareous soils. The procedure allows to outline the main speciation forms of zinc in these soils. Data obtained by means of X-ray diffraction spectrometry and SEM - EDX analyzer are used to confirm the chemical results. © 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd, All rights reserved

The initial stages of both Zn–Co and Zn electrodeposition were investigated by electrochemical quartz crystal microgravimetry (EQCM). The initial electrode mass growth, determined under both pulse and constant current conditions, was much higher than predicted by Faraday's law. This was explained in terms of the precipitation of scarcely soluble compounds of zinc on an electrode surface. The EQCM data confirm that the hydroxide suppression mechanism explains the anomalous Zn and Co codeposition. A nonuniform adsorption of brightener (benzalaceton) on the profiled surface was concluded on the basis of plating distribution investigations. The additive adsorbs to a greater extent on the surface projections.

The following complex compounds of zinc formate and urea (u), thiourea (tu) and caffeine (caf) have been prepared: Zn(HCOO) 2 ·u·H 2 O, Zn(HCOO) 2 ·2u·0.5H 2 O, Zn(HCOO) 2 ·tu, Zn(HCOO) 2 ·caf·0.5H 2 O and characterized by means of IR spectroscopy, chemical analysis and X-ray patterns. By means of thermal analysis the temperature intervals of the stability of the prepared compounds as well as the mechanisms of their thermal decomposition have been determined. Mass spectrometry has been used to determine the volatiles released during thermal decomposition.

2,6-Bis(benzimidazol-2-yl)pyridine (L) ligand and complexes [M(L)Cl(2)] and [Fe(L)(2)](ClO(4))(2) (M=Zn, Cd, Hg) have been synthesized. The geometries of the [M(L)Cl(2)] complexes were derived from theoretical calculation in DGauss/DFT level (DZVP basis set) on CACHE. The central M(II) ion is penta-coordinated and surrounded by N(3)Cl(2) environment, adopting a distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry. The ligand is tridentate, via three nitrogen atoms to metal centre and two chloride ions lie on each side of the distorted benzimidazole ring. In the [Fe(L)(2)](ClO(4))(2) complex, the central Fe(II) ion is surrounded by two (3N) units, adopting a octahedral geometry. The elemental analysis, molecular conductivity, FT-Raman, FT-IR (mid-, far-IR), (1)H, and (13)C NMR were reported. The antimicrobial activities of the free ligand, its hydrochloride salt, and the complexes were evaluated using the disk diffusion method in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as well as the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) dilution method, against 10 bacteria and the results compared with that for gentamycin. Antifungal activities were reported for Candida albicans, Kluyveromyces fragilis, Rhodotorula rubra, Debaryomyces hansenii, Hanseniaspora guilliermondii, and the results were referenced against nystatin, ketaconazole, and clotrimazole antifungal agents. In most cases, the compounds tested showed broad-spectrum (Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria) activities that were either more effective than or as potent as the references. The binding of two most biologically effective compounds of zinc and mercury to calf thymus DNA has also been investigated by absorption spectra.

Chalcopyrite compounds such as ZnSnAs2 or CuInTe2 can all be viewed as derivative compounds of zinc blende, 1 see Fig. 1. In a zinc-blende compound such as GaAs, the Ga and As atoms each independently occupy one set of face-centered cubic (fcc) positions, see Fig. 1(a). In a chalcopyrite compound such as ZnSnAs2 [see Fig. 1(b)], As atoms occupy one set of fcc positions and Zn and Sn the other. For this example, the cations originate from columns II and IV of the Periodic Table and the average valence of the pair (ZnSn) is III. Chalcopyrite (C) is an example of an average-valence compound and has a space \(I\bar 42d\) group that is a subgroup of the zinc-blende (Z) space group \(F\bar 43m\). Similarly, there exist chalcopyrite compounds derived from II-VI compounds, e.g., CuInTe2.

Pseudopotentials and valence basis sets to be used in calculations for organometallic compounds of zinc and magnesium have been tested in calculations for the M(CH\(_3\))\(_n\) (M = Zn, Mg; n = 1,2) molecules. Valence correlation effects are treated at the SDCI and CEPA levels. The capability of a polarization potential on zinc to account for the valence shell contracting effect of core valence correlation is studied. Properties considered are geometries, force constants, Mulliken populations, ionization potentials, atomization, and binding energies. Differences in bonding between the two dimethyl compounds are discussed.

[Zn(NH3)4](ReO4)2 and [Cd(NH3)4](ReO4)2 have been prepared from M(ReO4)2 and aqueous ammonia. The tetrapyridine compounds [Zn(py)4(ReO4)2] and [Cd(py)4(ReO4)2] have been obtained by reacting M(NO3)2 with aqueous pyridine followed by the addition of HReO4. Pyrolysis of these complexes gives [Zn(NH3)2(ReO4)2], [Cd(NH3)2(ReO4)2], [Zn(py)2(ReO4)2] and [Cd(py)2(ReO4)2] respectively. The kinetics of the decomposition steps: [ML4(ReO4)2] → [ML2(ReO4)2] → M(ReO4)2 have been studied from the t.g.a. curves. I.r. and Raman spectral and x-ray powder diffraction studies indicate that all the pyridine complexes and the two diammine complexes contain coordinated perrhenate, while the two tetrammine complexes contain ionic perrhenate.

A test of the ability of extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) to determine structural information with specific reference to zinc sites in enzymes has been made. X-ray absorption spectra of 18 compounds of zinc have been measured and the nearest-neighbour scattering has been interpreted using a Fourier transform and an ab initio technique. Empirical Zn-N, Zn-O, Zn-S and Zn-Cl amplitude and phase functions have been extracted from Zn(C3H4N2)4(ClO4)2, ZnO, Zn(S2COC2H5)2 and [N(CH3)4]2[ZnCl4], respectively and tabulated as a function of the wavevector with respect to 9660.0 eV X-ray energy. These amplitude and phase functions were then tested with respect to the other 14 compounds. For a single species of atoms in the first coordination shell the interatomic distances can be established to +/- 0.5 pm (+/- 5 x 10(-3) A) whilst when mixed shells exist errors in distances are +/-4 pm (+/- 40 x 10(-3) A). Coordination numbers are given to +/- 16% for the single species case a and +/- 25% for the mixed coordination case. Using the theoretical amplitude and phase functions of McKale et al. [(1988) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 110, 3763-3768] the deduced distances are systematically too small by an average of 0.6 pm (6 x 10(-3) A). The errors in the coordination numbers are 18%.

The solubility of zinc sulphate has been measured and the stoichiometry of its reaction and that of zinc chloride in pure lithium nitrate-potassium nitrate eutectic has been established. Chloride ions were shown to increase the stability of the zinc ions, which reacted as a Lux-Flood acid and precipitated as zinc oxide. Nitrate melts containing sodium peroxide, sodium monoxide and sodium hydroxide caused reaction to occur at lower temperatures. No evidence was found for the formation of soluble zincate ions in the presence of excess base.

The majority of the binary compounds of zinc with the metals from titanium to copper inclusive has been prepared, hardness tested and oxidized in air at successively higher temperatures. A zinc-ruthenium and some zinc-gadolinium compounds have also been tested. From the oxidation results, the temperature corresponding to a weight change of 1 mg cm−2 over 4h was determined by interpolation. The highest temperature values (700 to 800‡ C) were found for Zn8Cu5, Zn3Ni and Zn3Co, and the highest hardnesses (about 600 kg mm−2) for Zn8Cu5, Zn3Ni and ZnCo. A short survey of melting points and structures is presented, and the results are briefly discussed in terms of a previous hypothesis concerning combination of elements of groups IIB and IIIB with those of groups IIIC and IB.

Compounds of zinc with picolinic acid, nicotinic acid and isonicotinic acid have been prepared. The thermal behaviour of these compounds together with that of the free pyridine carboxylic acids has been studied by thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis. The metal complexes which are all hydrated lose water, followed by loss of the organic ligand to give zinc(II) oxide. The IR spectra of the compounds are also discussed.

The ranges of solid solubility of In 2 Se 3 in the zinc blende type compounds InAs, InSb, In 2 Te 3 and Ga 2 Se 3 have been studied by X-ray methods. The solubility ranges are found to be appreciable in the cases of InAs, In 2 Te 3 and Ga 2 Se 3 and only in the case of InSb is the range limited to a few mol. percent. It is found that in most cases prolonged annealing is required before equilibrium is attained, this being particularly the case for the A III B v compounds, InAs and InSb. Ordering effects have been observed in the InAs-In 2 Se 3 system, where an undetermined ordered structure occurs, and in the In 2 Te 3 -In 2 Se 3 system where ordering of lattice vacancies analogous to that in In 2 Te 3 itself is found. In the Ga 2 Se 3 -In 2 Se 3 system, blurring of X-ray powder lines is attributed to stacking faults occurring in the alloys and in Ga 2 Se 3 itself.

Tertiare und ditertiare Amine wie Trimethylamin, Pyridin, N,N,N′,N′ -Tetraathylathylendiamin, 2, 2′ -Dipyridyl und 1, 10-Phenanthrolin bilden mit Zinkdiarylen farblose bzw. hellgelbe, nur wenig luftempfindliche Komplexverbindungen. Die analogen. sehr oxydationsempfindlichen Addukte des erstmalig dargestellten Zinkdibenzyls besitzen ahnliche Eigenschaften wie entsprechende Addukte langkettiger Zinkdialkyle. Tertiary and bitertiary amines like trimethylamine, pyridine,N,N,N′,N′-tetraethylethylenediamine, bipyridyl and phenanthroline react with zinc diaryls yielding colourless or pale yellow coordination compounds. The analogous complexes of zinc dibenzyl behave similar to related compounds of zinc dialkyls with long alkyl groups. They are much more sensitive against atmospheric oxygen than the complexes of zinc diaryls.

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Photoionization yield curves from onset to 600 A and ionization threshold values have been obtained for the ions M(CH 3 ) 2 + , CH 3 M + and M + of the dimethyl compounds of zinc, cadmium, and mercury, and the CH 3 + from dimethyl-mercury. Bond dissociation energies and heats of formation of the ions are also reported.

1. The system Zn (OH)2-H2O2-H2O was studied at 30,20, 0, −10, and −20° by the solubility method. 2. The true composition and succession of changes in the system Zn(OH)2-H2O2-H2O were established from a general analysis of data for the diagrams ZnO-H2O-1/2 O2 and ZnO-H2O2 in the liquid phase. 3. In the system Zn (OH)2-H2O2-H2O in the temperature range from 30° to −20° it may be considered provisionally that the following solid phases exist: a) a series of hydrates of zinc peroxide: ZnO2 · 2H2O; ZnO2 · 1.5H2O; ZnO2 · H2O; ZnO2 • 0.5H2O; b) anhydrous zinc peroxide ZnO2; c) zinc peroxide monohydrate semiperhydrate: ZnO2 · 0.5H202 β H2O; d) perhydrates of zinc peroxide: ZnO2 · H2O2, ZnO2 · 2H2O2. 4 Comparison of our data on the system Zn (OH)2 - H2O2 - H2O in the temperature range from 30° to − 20° with data in the literature (Figure 1) shows that the great majority of the peroxy compounds of zinc reported previously were probably mechanical mixtures. 5. The polythermal solubility diagram of the ternary system Zn (OH)2 - H2O2 - H2O was constructed and enables the limits of existence of the solid phases of the system to be determined.

A few complex compounds of zinc and cadmium fluoberyllates with organic base were prepared. [Zn en3]BeF4 and [Cd en3]BeF4 were prepared by the addition of a concentrated solution of ethylenediamine to the concentrated solution of metal fluoberyllates. [Zn pn3]BeF4 was also isolated. The corresponding cadmium compound, however could not be prepared. ZnBeF4, C6H12N4, 8 H2O and CdBeF4, C6H12N4, 8 H2O were also prepared by following similar methods. In chemical compositions and also in their chemical properties these compounds resembles the corresponding sulphate compounds. Durch Umsatz von Athylendiamin, Propylendiamin und Hexamethylentetramin mit Zink- bzw. Cadmium-Fluoroberyllat konnten die komplexen Fluoberyllate mit diesen organischen Basen als Liganden dargestellt werden. Die Eigenschaften dieser Verbindungen sind denen der entsprechenden komplexen Sulfate ahnlich.

1. A method has been developed and peroxide compounds of zinc of the composition ZnO2 · H2O and ZnO2 · 0.5H2O have been prepared from solutions of zinc salts and hydrogen peroxide. 2. Dehydration of ZnO2 · H2O with absolute alcohol and ether leads to the formation of ZnO2 · 0,5H2O. 3. Investigation of the properties of the compounds obtained has shown that ZnO2 · H2O and ZnO2 · 0.5H2O can be considered as compounds with a hydroperoxide structure: $$Zn\begin{array}{*{20}c} { / OOH} \\ { \setminus OH} \\ \end{array} {\text{and}} \begin{array}{*{20}c} \hfill {{\text{Zn}} - {\text{OOH}}} \\ \hfill {\text{|}} \\ \hfill {\text{O}} \\ \hfill {\text{|}} \\ \hfill {{\text{Zn}} - {\text{OOH}}} \\ \end{array} $$

Post-transition elements react with ligands, triphenylphosphine sulphide or selenide (Ph3PS or Ph3PSe), tri-p-tolylphosphine sulphide or selenide (T3PS or T3PSe) and 1,3-trimethylenebis-(diphenylphosphine sulphide or selenide) (PDPS or PDPSe) in suitable organic solvents forming complexes of compositions: MX2. L(M = Zn, X = I, L = all except Ph3PS: M = Cd, X = I, L = T3PS, T3PSe, M = Hg, L = T3PSe, X = Cl, Br, I); ZnI2·2Ph3PS, Hg(NO3)2·2Ph3PS, CdBr2·3T3PSe and 3Hg(NO3)2·4Ph3PSe. All these have been characterized through elemental analyses, ir spectra (4000−200 cm−1) and molar conductance (nitrobenzene). Complexes are essentially nonelectrolytes. Tetrahedral structures have been assigned to all except a 1 : 3 complex which has been assigned a bridged octahedral structure.