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Regulators across the globe have imposed penalties on consumers for digital piracy consumption. Contrary to expectations, however, digital piracy consumption has continued to grow. The authors develop a simple model of competition between a copyright holder and a pirate firm to offer a plausible account for this observation as well as actionable guidelines for optimal regulation design. The core of this idea is to endogenize the pirate firm's strategic investment in antitracking technologies that help consumers evade a regulator's penalty. The authors find that as the penalty rises, piracy consumption can surprisingly increase after decreasing first; relatedly, the copyright holder and the society may suffer from tighter regulation. Depending on the cost of antitracking technologies of the pirate firm, the regulator optimally sets the penalty to operate in two different regimes. When the technology is available at a low cost, the regulator can achieve the goals of maximizing social welfare and minimizing piracy consumption simultaneously by setting a moderate penalty that maximizes consumers' expected penalty and tolerates some level of piracy consumption. In contrast, when the technology is costly, the regulator should set a relatively high penalty to completely impede piracy supply. Additionally, the authors show that supply-side regulation does not substitute away demand-side regulation, and educating consumers about copyright protection may unintentionally lead to an increase in piracy consumption. Last, the authors identify complex nonmonotonic long-run effects of piracy consumption regulation on the copyright holder's incentives for content creation and copyright protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the past 70 years, researchers and experimental musicians have been working with computersynthesized music, forming a collaborative relationship with generative artificial intelligences known as human--AI co-creation. The last several years have shown that musical artists are quickly adopting AI tools to produce music for AI music competitions and for commercial production of songs and albums. The United States Copyright Office, in response to this trend, has released its latest policy revisions to clearly define what is eligible for copyright registration. Soon after, the Program for Cooperative Cataloging (PCC) also released new guidelines, providing recommendations for how library catalogers should address AI-generated materials. In both cases, they reject the notion of considering AI as a contributor. The language in each of these policies, however, is self-contradicting, showing that they are ill equipped to address generative AI. This study leverages critical textual analysis and qualitative content analysis and uses case examples to probe the manner in which these policies regard generative AI. Recommendations are made for addressing shortcomings in the PCC's policies, and moral philosophical frameworks such as virtue ethics and consequentialism support arguments for supplementing catalog item records with information from authoritative external sources, deviating from this policy for the sake of truth-seeking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The erosion of high-end fashion brands by fast-fashion copycats (e.g., Zara, H&M) has stirred controversies and unceasing legal attempts to copyright fashion designs. Despite the purported negative impact of copycats, the effect of fashion copycats on high-end brands remains empirically unclear. Research on this topic has been impeded by the absence of a modeling framework to quantify fashion and by the lack of consumer-level data on fashion choices. The authors collect data on the posting behaviors of consumers on a fashion-specific social media platform and develop a dynamic structural model with deep learning image analytics to characterize consumers' choices of brands and styles. Results suggest that fast-fashion copycats can both harm high-end brands (a cannibalization effect) and help them (a market expansion effect). The authors also identify both static and dynamic mechanisms that contribute to the market expansion effect: The affordability of mixing copycats with high-end brands boosts the number of high-end items featured in posts by financially constrained consumers (a static mechanism). In addition, good styles from copycats enable users to build their popularity on social media over time, which may increase the users' valuation of high-end brands and reduce the users' future costs via sponsorship opportunities (dynamic mechanisms). The results could inform policy makers about the potential consequences of prohibiting fashion copycats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines how diverse public authorities in Japan have committed to digital cultural policiesover the past two decades in response to the emergence of the creative economy, lockdown during the pandemic and political demands for Japan’s soft power. Drawing on the comprehensive review of policy documents and relevant media coverage with supplementary interviews with civil servants, this paper investigates cultural policies related to the digital archiving of culture and promotion of digitalised content, including funding for online streaming, digitalising museum and heritage collections, and amendments of copyright laws. It contributes to the scholarly discourse of digital cultural policy by (1) offering the first comprehensive review of digital cultural policy in Japan, (2) examining how these digital policies are shaped by institutional and historical contexts, and (3) discussing the barriers, inefficiencies, and challenges associated with these policies. By providing the first comprehensive overview of Japan’s digital cultural policy, this paper aims to advance the internationalisation and de-westernisation of the field, serving as a foundation for future scholarly dialogue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zero-watermarking is an emerging distortion-free copyright protection method for volumetric medical images. However, achieving both robustness against various malicious attacks and distinguishability between individual images remains challenging. In this article, we propose a novel attack-defending contrastive learning zero-watermarking (ADCL-ZW) scheme to tackle the above challenge using deep learning-based representations. In our approach, we design an attack-defending data enrichment mechanism to enhance the watermarking robustness by generating a large number of image samples under various watermarking attacks. Subsequently, features for both watermarking distinguishability and robustness are enhanced through application of a contrastive loss. In particular, we implement a dual-stream Siamese network architecture to effectively handle both signal attacks and geometric attacks in order to enhance the watermarking performance. Experimental results demonstrate that ADCL-ZW achieves stronger watermarking robustness and a better tradeoff between watermarking robustness and distinguishability compared with state-of-the art zero-watermarking methods. One of the highlighted metrics is that the false-negative rate of ADCL-ZW achieves 0.01 when a fixed false-positive rate is set to 1%, which is more than 13.3 times better than the benchmark methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid evolution of deep learning and the advent of AI, the metaverse has emerged as a significant technology. Within the metaverse, diverse elements such as rich applications and realistic digital avatars provide users with immersive experiences, but it poses a series of security problems. Current research predominantly focuses on the data storage and transmission processes from the perspective of blockchain and the Internet of Things to achieve the protection of the metaverse. However, there exists a gap in security research on the digital avatar generation process. Given that digital avatars are the primary entities engaging in social activities within the metaverse and are crafted based on real face images, the virtual character can be generated easily by stealing the user's face image and controlled to interact with others. In order to deal with the above problems, we propose a novel method to prevent the misuse of faces, which maintains the security of the metaverse by protecting facial data and thus preventing its misuse. We explore the common architecture of generative models and propose a defense method based on copyright protection to prevent face embezzling. Firstly, we utilize the copyright protection module to obtain copyright protection information. Secondly, we utilized the defense control module to ensure the representation of the protected images occurs errors in the latent space of the generation model. Therefore, the subsequent generation task output fails, which effectively protects the face data and prevents the generation of digital avatars. Furthermore, the results on public datasets and across multiple generative models present unnatural outputs, indicating the excellence of our defense and transfer capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Invisible watermarking can be used as an important tool for copyright certification in the Metaverse. However, with the advent of deep learning, Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have posed new threats to this technique. For example, artificially trained DNNs can perform unauthorized content analysis and achieve illegal access to protected images. Furthermore, some specially crafted DNNs may even erase invisible watermarks embedded within the protected images, which eventually leads to the collapse of this protection and certification mechanism. To address these issues, inspired by the adversarial attack, we introduce Invisible Adversarial Watermarking (IAW), a novel security mechanism to enhance the copyright protection efficacy of watermarks. Specifically, we design an Adversarial Watermarking Fusion Model (AWFM) to efficiently generate Invisible Adversarial Watermark Images (IAWIs). By modeling the embedding of watermarks and adversarial perturbations as a unified task, the generated IAWIs can effectively defend against unauthorized identification, access, and erase via DNNs and identify the ownership by extracting the embedded watermark. Experimental results show that the proposed IAW presents superior extraction accuracy, attack ability, and robustness on different DNNs, and the protected images maintain good visual quality, which ensures its effectiveness as an image protection mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-convertible tokens (NFTs) have become a fundamental part of the metaverse ecosystem due to its uniqueness and immutability. However, existing copyright protection schemes of NFT image art relied on the NFTs itself minted by third-party platforms. A minted NFT image art only tracks and verifies the entire transaction process, but the legitimacy of the source and ownership of its mapped digital image art cannot be determined. The original author or authorized publisher lack an active defense mechanism to prove ownership of the digital image art mapped by the unauthorized NFT. Therefore, we propose a self-defense copyright protection scheme for NFT image art based on information embedding in this article, called SDCP-IE. The original author or authorized publisher can embed the copyright information into the published digital image art without damaging its visual effect in advance. Different from the existing information embedding works, the proposed SDCP-IE can generally enhance the invisibility of copyright information with different embedding capacity. Furthermore, considering the scenario of copyright information being discovered or even destroyed by unauthorized parties, the designed SDCP-IE can efficiently generate enhanced digital image art to improve the security performance of embedded image, thus resisting the detection of multiple known and unknown detection models simultaneously. The experimental results have also shown that the PSNR values of enhanced embedded image are all over 57db on three datasets BOSSBase, BOWS2, and ALASKA#2. Moreover, compared with existing information embedding works, the enhanced embedded images generated by SDCP-IE reaches the best transferability performance on the advanced CNN-based detection models. When the target detector is the pre-trained SRNet at 0.4 bpp, the test error rate of SDCP-IE at 0.4 bpp on the evaluated detection model YeNet reaches 53.38%, which is 4.92%, 28.62%, and 7.05% higher than that of the UTGAN, SPS-ENH, and Xie-Model, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Image watermarking plays a vital role in providing protection from copyright violation. However, conventional watermarking techniques typically exhibit trade-offs in terms of image quality, robustness and capacity constrains. More often than not, these techniques optimize on one constrain while settling with the two other constraints. Therefore, in this paper, an enhanced saliency detection based watermarking method is proposed to simultaneously improve quality, capacity, and robustness. First, the enhanced structured matrix decomposition (E-SMD) is proposed to extract salient regions in the host image for producing a saliency mask. This mask is then applied to partition the foreground and background of the host and watermark images. Subsequently, the watermark (with the same dimension of host image) is shuffled using multiple Arnold and Logistic chaotic maps, and the resulting shuffled-watermark is embedded into the wavelet domain of the host image. Furthermore, a filtering operation is put forward to estimate the original host image so that the proposed watermarking method can also operate in blind mode. In the best case scenario, we could embed a 24-bit image as the watermark into another 24-bit image while maintaining an average SSIM of 0.9999 and achieving high robustness against commonly applied watermark attacks. Furthermore, as per our best knowledge, with high payload embedding, the significant improvement in these features (in terms of saliency, PSNR, SSIM, and NC) has not been achieved by the state-of-the-art methods. Thus, the outcomes of this research realizes a trade-off independent image watermarking method, which is a first of its kind in this domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we investigate the attitudes expressed by members of the Czech electronic music and hip-hop scenes (musicians and music producers) regarding copyright and how copyright affects their work in terms of sampling or remixing third-party recordings. We present their opinions on what measures would help improve the situation regarding the complex settlement of rights. Lastly, we investigate the ethical standards upheld by producers when sampling or remixing third-party material vis-à-vis the use of copyrighted music recordings and related rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on equipping academic librarians with knowledge of copyright law, particularly fair use and resources to guide patrons. Topics discussed include understanding basic copyright and fair use principles; navigating complex fair use scenarios; and also mentions about utilizing tools like the Fair Use Evaluator to aid patrons in making their own informed copyright decisions.

In the digital age, information has become more widespread and easily accessible on the Internet. With the digital emergence, the intersection of copyright law and journalism continues to present unique challenges for courts tasked with adjudicating disputes over the fair use of online content. Reporters are frequently violating the Copyright Act when using information posted on the Internet for a press story and Congress is failing to make the necessary changes to the Copyright Act to address the issues arising with the evolution of technology. This article details the evolution of the Copyright Act and the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, assessing the changes that must be made in order to keep up with the modern era. Further, the article explains how courts currently interpret the fair use exception and its application in the practice of journalism. This article explores case law that can be used to amend the fair use exception to better address the issues journalists arefacing in the digital age. This article argues the necessity of integrating originality and newsworthiness criteria into the fair use analysis to e#ectively balance copyright protection with press freedom. The article explains how courts must adapt the fair use doctrine to accommodate the evolving landscape of digital journalism, ensuring that journalists can responsibly navigate copyright issues while fulfilling their crucial role of informing the public in an ethical manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the popularization of generative artificial intelligence technology, the issue of copyright for AIGC is highlighted. The originality criterion under traditional "instrumental theory" and "contribution theory" is particularly inadequate when it is applied to AIGC, and it is necessary to construct more actionable originality criterion. By analyzing the legislative value of copyright law and empirical research on the norms of current laws, combined with empirical research on domestic and foreign judicial cases, the construction of originality criterion under "determinism" was proposed. Based on anthropocentrism, adhered to the uniqueness of the copyright subject, regarded labor input as the basis of rights, and the causal relationship theory in Anglo-American law system was introduced, which took the determination of the presentation results of human works and the control of the creative process as sufficient and necessary conditions. Thus, determinism is self-consistent in terms of objects, standards, laws, facts, and causal relationships, and can guide practical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the process of collaboration between Digiciti Networks, a private company, and the public sector in Estonia, in their experiment of building a decentralized copyright registry for the music industry. Drawing upon existing research in national innovation policy and music industry studies, we examine our case as an endeavour for collaborative public value creation. We demonstrate that while the Estonian government has established innovation policy hubs capable of driving and coordinating challenge-oriented policies, other parts of the national innovation system lack the capacities and dynamic capabilities that could organically host ambitious visions of future infrastructures for the creative industries. Nonetheless, we also show how the developing regulatory and policy frameworks of the European Union influenced the development of the case and provided opportunities to advance it, especially with regard to the 'public' or 'common' nature of future data infrastructures as part of the European data and blockchain strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The text is an imprint of the journal "GesR: Gesundheitsrecht" and contains information about the publisher Dr. Otto Schmidt KG, the managing partner Prof. Dr. Felix Hey, as well as the editors RA Prof. Dr. Martin Rehborn, RA Dr. Rudolf Ratzel and RA Prof. Dr. Jens Prütting. It also provides details on production, advertising, printing, frequency of publication, subscription price, and copyright and publishing rights. Furthermore, various publications of the publisher are presented, such as "Enforcing Claims Effectively" by Dipl.-Rpfl. Uwe Salten, "Moos Data Protection and Data Use" by RA, FAITR Dr. Flemming Moos, and "Mediation in Business" by RA Prof. Dr. Christian Duve M.P.A., Prof. Dr. Horst Eidenmüller LL.M., RA Dr. Andreas Hacke, and Prof. Dr. Martin Fries LL.M. [Extracted from the article]

The exam in the copyright law specialization area addressed central questions of copyright law, including the infringement of the first publication right and the examination of AI-generated works. Case 1 dealt with a politician who took legal action against a newspaper for publishing her unpublished book contents. Case 2 discussed the protectability of an AI-generated image called "Space Cat" and whether it qualifies as a personal intellectual creation. The solution revealed that the politician was entitled to damages, while the image was recognized as a copyrighted work. [Extracted from the article]

Data hiding has become a hot research topic in recent years due to increased attention placed on the copyright protection of ocean images and related digital records. Further, high image volumes put enormous pressure on transmission bandwidth and storage capabilities. This paper proposes an innovative deep learning‐based data‐hiding technique for ocean images. First, a down‐sampling scheme is applied to compress the secret mark before embedding it in the host media. Then, a convolutional neural network is used to embed and recover compressed marks into or from the host ocean image. Finally, a generative adversarial network‐based reconstruction network is used to reconstruct the high‐quality mark image. Our experiments show that the proposed work not only maintains high imperceptibility and robustness against many attacks but also provides better data‐hiding performance than related works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides an overview of the importance proper citation and consequences of plagiarism and offers guidance on how to format references according to the American Medical Association (AMA) reference style. Topics include historic cases of plagiarism, examples of information sources that should be properly cited, and the adoption by the editors of numerous medical journals of the AMA reference style.

This article explores how the law affects an audience's collective recognition that a film and fashion in film is of cultural interest. It argues that copyright law today can play an important and crucial role in a film's continued relevance and in the preservation and valorization of cinema as copyright law regulates the copying and display of a film and its images, including the fashion images within it. Likewise, it shows how cultural heritage law plays an important and crucial role in the preservation and continued relevance of fashion through film as cultural heritage law applies certain rules and norms to the preservation of film reels and the archives and institutions in which they are stored. The article uses Roman Holiday (Wyler 1953) and La Dolce Vita (Fellini 1960) as case studies and considers Cinecittà's description of itself as an 'open heritage' to explore the relationship between law, fashion and film. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent advancements in deep learning-based generative models have simplified image generation, increasing the need for improved source tracing and copyright protection, especially with the efficient, high-quality output of latent diffusion models (LDMs) raising concerns about unauthorized use. This paper provides a comprehensive review of watermarking techniques applied to latent diffusion models, focusing on recent trends and the potential utility of these approaches. Watermarking using latent diffusion models offers the potential to overcome these limitations by embedding watermarks in the latent space during the image generation process. This represents a new paradigm of watermarking that leverages a degree of freedom unavailable in traditional watermarking techniques and underscores the need to explore the potential advancements in watermark technology. LDM-based watermarking allows for the natural internalization of watermarks within the content generation process, enabling robust watermarking without compromising image quality. We categorize the methods based on embedding strategies and analyze their effectiveness in achieving key functionalities—source tracing, copyright protection, and AI-generated content identification. The review highlights the strengths and limitations of current techniques and discusses future directions for enhancing the robustness and applicability of watermarking in the evolving landscape of generative AI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arab International Journal of Knowledge Management is the property of Arab Institution of Knowledge Management and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Digital image source identification primarily focuses on analyzing and detecting the machine imprints or camera fingerprints left by imaging devices during the imaging process to trace the origin of digital images. The development of a swift search algorithm is crucial for the effective implementation of camera source identification. Despite its importance, this domain has witnessed limited research, with existing studies predominantly focusing on search efficiency while neglecting robustness, which is essential. In practical scenarios, query images often suffer from poor signal quality due to noise, and the variability in fingerprint quality across different sources presents a significant challenge. Conventional brute-force search algorithms (BFSAs) prove largely ineffective under these conditions because they lack the necessary robustness. This paper addresses the issues in digital image source identification by proposing a rapid fingerprint search algorithm based on global information. The algorithm innovatively introduces a search priority queue (SPQ), which analyzes the global correlation between the query fingerprint and all reference fingerprints in the database to construct a comprehensive priority ranking, thereby achieving the efficient retrieval of matching fingerprints. Compared to the traditional brute-force search algorithm (BFSA), our method significantly reduces computational complexity in large-scale databases, optimizing from O (n N) to O (n log N) , where n is the length of the fingerprint, and N is the number of fingerprints in the database. Additionally, the algorithm demonstrates strong robustness to noise, maintaining a high matching accuracy rate even when image quality is poor and noise interference is significant. Experimental results show that in a database containing fingerprints from 70 cameras, our algorithm is 50% faster in average search time than BFSA, and its matching accuracy rate exceeds 90% under various noise levels. This method not only improves the efficiency and accuracy of digital image source identification but also provides strong technical support for handling large-scale image data, with broad application prospects in fields such as copyright protection and forensic evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the era of widespread digital image sharing on social media platforms, deep-learning-based watermarking has shown great potential in copyright protection. To address the fundamental trade-off between the visual quality of the watermarked image and the robustness of watermark extraction, we explore the role of structural features and propose a novel edge-aware watermarking framework. Our primary innovation lies in the edge-aware secret hiding module (EASHM), which achieves adaptive watermark embedding by aligning watermarks with image structural features. To realize this, the EASHM leverages knowledge distillation from an edge detection teacher and employs a dual-task encoder that simultaneously performs edge detection and watermark embedding through maximal parameter sharing. The framework is further equipped with a social network noise simulator (SNNS) and a secret recovery module (SRM) to enhance robustness against common image noise attacks. Extensive experiments on three public datasets demonstrate that our framework achieves superior watermark imperceptibility, with PSNR and SSIM values exceeding 40.82 dB and 0.9867, respectively, while maintaining an over 99% decoding accuracy under various noise attacks, outperforming existing methods by significant margins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Derecho Privado (0123-4366) is the property of Universidad Externado de Colombia, Departmento de Derecho Civil and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article explores the challenges copyright owners face in navigating public performance rights, particularly in light of the U.S. Federal Communications Commission's (FCC) vague definition of "indecency" and its impact on First Amendment freedoms. Topics include the Supreme Court's ruling in FCC v. Pacifica, the conflict between subjective moral standards and freedom of expression, and the evolving uncertainty for creators concerning censorship based on community standards."

The article considers certain problematic aspects regarding the invalidation of intellectual property rights (protection documents) and their legal consequences. Author proves that when intellectual property rights expire, they end their term of legal protection by virtue of the law, taking into account the temporary nature of such rights. If a person registers rights or an object of intellectual property, receives a protection document, but knows that such an object does not really meet the conditions for granting legal protection, and enteres into contractual relations with respect to it, the counterparty of such a person (a party to the contract) also has the opportunity to initiate the invalidation of such a contract on the basis of Art. 230 of the Civil Code of Ukraine. Within the invalidation of deeds regarding invalid intellectual property rights, one should also proceed from whether such contracts were fulfilled in full or in part and whether such a method of protection as the recognition of a contract (deed) as invalid will become an effective way of protecting civil rights and restore the violated, unrecognized or contested right. The situation remains unregulated, when intellectual property rights to an invention, a utility model are recognized partially invalid, and individual independent clauses of the claim of the invention (utility model) or signs of the appearance of the industrial design are excluded from legal protection. It has been proven that invalidation of intellectual property rights to an invention, utility model or industrial design, invalidation of a trademark certificate will de facto reduce the authorized capital of the business company (to which they contributed) in the amount of the monetary value of these rights, which was approved by the participants (founders) when they were introduced. If a member of the company has contributed to the authorized capital of the business company exclusively with property rights of intellectual property, it would be expedient to give him the opportunity to contribute money, securities or other property, unless otherwise established by law, to replace this contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article considers certain problematic aspects of the legal regime of databases under Ukrainian and EU law. It has been established that the Law of Ukraine "On Copyright and Related Rights" pays sufficient attention to the legal regulation of relations related to the acquisition, exercise and protection of rights to databases. It has been proven that databases as an object require more thorough and systematic legislative regulation by adopting a separate legislative act, which should comprehensively determine the legal regime of databases. It has been substantiated that the characteristics of a database include: it is a collection of works, data or any other information; these works, data and/or information are contained in an arbitrary form; systematization of works, data, information, or their arrangement; the presence of a special search system to ensure access to works, data, information (which may function including, but not exclusively on the basis of electronic means); it is a predominantly digital object. The influence of modern technologies on the transformation of the form of existence of a database as an object is proven (there has been a gradual evolution of the database from a paper to an electronic form of existence, moreover, the electronic form has almost completely replaced the «paper» database). It is substantiated that due to the development of technologies and innovations, the opportunities of both authors and users of the digital environment have expanded, who have received new ways of using digital content, which can also be contained in databases (which are usually in electronic form). It is established that it is necessary to distinguish between the rights to a database as an object and the rights to objects that are part of the database as its constituent parts. It is established that the legal protection of a non-original database through the mechanism of a special kind of right is aimed at protecting the database as a certain digital object, which can also be used by the person who created it, as well as by other persons (users), who, in order to acquire the status of a legal user, must obtain permission to use it from the person who created such a database. It is substantiated that the norm that databases created to systematize data that is public information in accordance with the Law of Ukraine «On Access to Public Information» are not subject to a special kind of right (sui generis) requires specification, since it is unclear what legal regime applies to the specified databases, who owns the rights to the databases and how to exercise them. It is proved that a special law on databases should regulate the features of the exercise and protection of rights to databases in the digital environment, which is especially relevant in the conditions of the rapid development of technologies and innovations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article addresses fundamental legal issues in the field of intellectual property arising from the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence. It explores the challenges posed to copyright law by the widespread adoption of artificial intelligence technologies. In particular, the study examines the legal regime of objects created with the assistance of artificial intelligence, the legality of using copyrightprotected works for training AI models, and specific issues related to the legal personality of AI. Based on an analysis of international judicial practice and contemporary regulatory instruments, including the recently adopted European Union Artificial Intelligence Regulation, the study examines ambiguous approaches to determining copyright for AI-generated objects. Practical cases from various jurisdictions, including court decisions from the United States and China, are analyzed to illustrate the variability in legal assessments regarding the interaction of i ntellectual property law and AI. The article offers an analysis of promising mechanisms for regulating legal relations in the field of study. These include the introduction of a collective rights management system (similar to extended or mandatory collective management), the establishment of mechanisms for fair compensation to rights holders, and the development of technical tools for identifying the origin of content. The study underscores the necessity of balancing the interests of AI technology developers, authors, and society's technological advancement needs. The article traces trends in legislative changes in the field of intellectual property and the regulation of artificial intelligence. In particular, it examines the provisions of the Artificial Intelligence Act, which imposes obligations on AI model developers to comply with copyright laws, including the requirement to disclose detailed reports on the content used for training AI models. The article emphasizes the importance of creating a legal environment that simultaneously fosters technological progress and robustly protects the rights and interests of authors. Effective regulation should be grounded in fundamental principles of fairness, transparency, and comprehensive consideration of the interests of all participants in intellectual property l egal relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article considers certain problematic aspects regarding the implementation and protection of copyright in the digital environment (on the Internet). It has been established that the digital sphere (digital environment, the Internet) is developing at a rapid pace and is particularly relevant in terms of the use and protection of intellectual property rights. It is proven that the development of the digital sphere (digital environment, Internet) has led to the appearance of the latest objects (in particular, multimedia and digital works), new forms of creativity, new communication media (forms of communication), including an interactive environment. It is proven that in connection with the development of high technologies, the appearance of new objects of copyright and related rights with special, new properties, new types and methods of their use, new exclusive rights of creators (the right of access in interactive mode) have arisen. It was established that the national legislation of Ukraine and international treaties do not use the concept of «Internet» as a medium for the use of objects of copyright and related rights, as a place for communication, instead, the norms of domestic legislation (Civil Code of Ukraine, Law of Ukraine «On Copyright and Related Rights rights») contain broader concepts that apply to digital technologies, namely, reproduction, the right to distribute to the general public (disclosure, access). It has been established that for the legitimate use of copyright and related rights on the Internet, it is necessary to obtain permission from the subjects of copyright and related rights. It is substantiated that it is important to ensure effective and adequate protection of the intellectual property rights of creators, guarantee them appropriate compensation for the use of their objects, and encourage them to continue their creative activity. The need to establish certain exceptions and limitations of copyright and related rights in the interests of society in order to promote the development of education, science and culture has been proven. It has been established that the problems of legal inconsistency of legislation are becoming increasingly important as a result of the further development of the information society and the emergence of new forms of cross-border communications. It is substantiated that modern legislation in the field of copyright and related rights needs changes and additions to adequately reflect economic realities, new forms of use of objects, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]