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This article examines the requirements for information security in monitoring e-government systems. It discusses the information security framework for eGoverment system, a model for organizing multi-level network security based on layered protection. This research study also covers the establishment of information security zones with eGovernment. and the importance of ensuring the local information securityand the process of connecting information security to a corporate network. It addresses the security measures for remote access and the use of automated control systems, such as VPN connections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corporate elites have been male bastions until very recently and businesswomen have been very few and difficult to track. This paper addresses this topic by investigating the presence of women among the directors of the top 250 Italian joint-stock companies in eleven benchmark years spanning from 1913 to 2017. It shows a male preponderance throughout the period investigated. Women were nearly totally excluded from Italian boards until the end of the 20th century and their number showed a sizeable increase only after the turn of the century. Women also occupied marginal positions in the boards: very few of them held multiple directorships and the first female interlocker appeared only in 1972. In a country dominated by family capitalism, for a long time the very few women directors sat on the boards of family firms and were members of the families that owned these firms. The presence of women in Italian corporate boards was boosted in recent years by the introduction in 2011 of mandatory gender quotas for listed firms and for firms participated by the state. This law provided legitimacy to the appointment of women on boards also in other firms not affected by the new regulation. The massive increase in seats held by women led to a professionalisation of female directors in Italy, even though women are still largely excluded from top executive positions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The literature about women's roles in corporate structure does not provide clear, systemic, integrative answers to fundamental questions such as which factors shape board gender composition and women's roles in business and corporate networks? With the intention to help overcome this gap in the literature, this paper examines the dynamics of women's access to corporate boards for more than a century in Argentina and Chile. It focuses on critical factors that affect the fluctuating, nonlinear recruitment patterns that have led to the incorporation of women in these two countries during the twentieth century and the first decade of the twenty-first century. We analyse a diverse range of institutional, organisational, and individual factors that have opened women's access to the boards of Argentina's and Chile's largest corporations. The study establishes that Argentina has progressed into a more fragmented corporate network than Chile, which may have facilitated women's access to boards. However, and even if, little by little, a combination of factors has opened some space for women in the corporate power elite, they primarily remain in marginalised positions in networks. Taken together, these findings show that it is important to consider not only the number and the timing but also the nature of women's integration into corporate boards and high-ranking positions. This issue is particularly relevant because Argentina and Chile have not enacted regulations to mandate minimum levels of board diversity during the period under analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to contribute to women's business history by linking research on corporate networks with research on female directors. To do so, we investigate the effect of the Swiss corporate network on the entry of women into boardrooms, and the effect of board feminisation on the Swiss corporate network and elites. We draw on a large database of Swiss elites, which includes board members and chief executive officers (CEOs) of the 110 largest Swiss firms from the beginning of the twentieth century to the present. The results show that during the twentieth century, a dense corporate network and a strong class cohesion within the male economic elites made it very difficult for women to gain access to these boards. A few female directors were first found in family firms, then in cooperatives within the wholesale and retail trade sector. They did not accumulate positions of power like men and remained 'second-class' elites. At the end of the twentieth century, equality was perceived as potentially profitable for firms. This led to an increase in the presence of female directors in all firms, the diversification of their profiles, and the emergence of a female 'inner circle'. The assertion of board diversity must, however, be tempered by recognising the enduring geographical and social backgrounds of a large proportion of the directors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women have played a much greater role in large Australian firms than previously appreciated. This article examines Australian women in corporate leadership since 1910, revealing the role of networks and personal characteristics for access to positions of corporate influence. From 1910 to 1964, corporate women were cast as the 'good wife', with marriage and kinship affording some the ability to influence the networks of corporate men, and the fortunes of the companies they controlled. Since the 1980s, the number of women directors has grown substantially, and women have come to occupy central positions in director network. Efforts by government, regulators and professional associations have improved the number of women in leadership, their importance in the community, and their ability to integrate with core male board members. These insights highlight the multi-dimensional progress of Australian female board members, and the effectiveness of both external pressure and internal advocacy for improving corporate diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper considers the problems of using computing resources in the corporate network of a higher education institution. An approach to assessing the efficiency of the load of computer workstations is proposed, which is based on the indicators of the load of individual computing resources and their implementation in the general system of computing resources for individual applied resource-intensive tasks. It is established that to minimize costs when building a university CM, it is necessary to use non-standard approaches that could dynamically distribute computing resources, in particular terminal and cluster technologies for building corporate networks. A number of experimental studies have been conducted based on data on the functioning of the computer network of a higher education institution. A mathematical model of optimal load distribution on terminal servers has been constructed, which describes the dependence between individual network nodes and the file access system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate the propagation of environmental performance among competitors and in customer–supplier relationships. We find a significant causal effect among competitors, while the propagation from customers to suppliers and vice versa appears insignificant or does not survive identification tests. The effect is stronger among firms in highly concentrated competitor networks and toward firms with less market and bargaining power than their competitors. We also find significantly stronger propagation of environmental performance among competitors engaged in joint research and development activity. These results show that the propagation stems from both competitive pressure and technological spillover. Importantly, we find that propagation is strong when the competitor improves its environmental performance and when the firm's own environmental performance is poor initially, alleviating concerns that improvements in performance are concentrated among firms, which are already green. Overall, network effects among competing firms are a significant force shaping environmental performance, and a force mostly for good. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global humanitarian and economic challenges facing Russian corporate structures today require not only a rethinking of the role of public institutions in the future fate of the national economy, but also unprecedented innovative development of mechanisms for making management decisions in conditions of limited time and information. Well-known and methodologically developed approaches need transformation and development in relation to new realities. Based on the competent opinion of Russian corporate management on the current situation in the business environment, voiced at the XII All-Russian Forum «Business Management: Adaptation to Challenges and Development», requirements for the transformation of the corporate governance model have been determined. The purpose of the study was to develop the methodology proposed earlier by the authors for assessing the stakeholder value of the corporate network of the ESG activities of the corporation in terms of the influence of macro-level factors on it, in particular, economic sanctions. The following methods were used as a methodological basis: network approach, methods of logical analysis, correlation and regression analysis, comparison, graphic visualization. The methodology presented in the article was tested on the example of PJSC Norilsk Nickel and the region of its presence – the Krasnoyarsk Territory, based on data from two periods – pre-crisis (2012–2018) and including the COVID‑19 pandemic and strengthening of foreign trade sanctions (2012–2021). The results showed the sensitivity of the stakeholder value model to changes in macro conditions, which confirms the validity of the methodology for solving problems of operational management of corporate processes. The prospects for the research lie in the area of expanding the composition of stakeholder groups, developing methods for establishing operational connections between them and their assessment.

Corporate investment is an important part of corporate financial decision‐making and affects the future profit and value of the corporation. Predicting corporate investment provides great significance for capital market investors to understand the future operation and development of a corporation. Many researchers have studied independent prediction methods. However, individual firms imitate each other's investment in the actual decision‐making process. This phenomenon of investment convergence indicates investment correlation among individual firms, which is ignored in these existing methods. In this article, we first identify key variables in multivariate sequences by our designed two‐way fixed effects model for precise corporate network construction. Then, we propose a weighted temporal graph neural network called weighted temporal graph neural network (WTGNN) for graph learning and investment prediction over the corporate network. WTGNN improves the graph convolution capability by weighted sampling with attention and multivariate time series aggregation. We conducted extensive experiments using real‐world financial reporting data. The results show that WTGNN can achieve excellent graph learning performance and outperforms existing methods in the investment prediction task. This article is categorized under:Technologies > PredictionTechnologies > Machine LearningApplication Areas > Business and Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fuzzy network intrusion detection systems use a set of fuzzy rules using symmetric Gaussian membership functions to determine the probability of specific or common network attacks. A fuzzy set can be formed to describe traffic on a particular network. Fuzzy association rule sets are used to describe normal and abnormal classes. The belonging of a record to a certain class is determined by using the appropriate metric. Fuzzy association rules are formed on the basis of normal training samples. A tested sample is classified as normal if the index generated by the set of rules will be higher than a certain threshold value. Samples with a lower score are considered abnormal. In addition, a method to speed up rule induction by reducing the number of items from the extracted rules is quite effective. In this article the task of identifying possible attacks on corporate network resources is considered. Analysis of approaches to the detection of violations of information security using the theory of fuzzy sets, including procedures for building Gaussian membership functions based on quantitative even comparison of degrees of individual values, which are formed on the basis of expert evaluations of decision makers. The use of symmetric Gaussian curve for membership functions is due to the fact that this function has a smooth top and smooth transitions and expert evaluations, which will form some statistical array of data, with a high probability will be described by the Normal Distribution. It is shown that in order to in-crease the efficiency of detection of situations of possible intrusion, it is necessary to use modern technologies of intellectual analysis with the use of rules and methods of fuzzy logic. The structural scheme of fuzzy system for detecting abnormal traffic in the network segment is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Literature has emphasized the key role of business schools in spreading US management in Europe after the Second World War but has not found how to quantify its impact on the business systems. With such purpose, this article examines the relations between the pioneer Spanish business schools and the national corporate elite. By combining an institutional approach and social networks analysis, it shows the incidence of business schools on the board of directors of the largest Spanish firms during the second half of the 20th century, and explains their role as centers for business elite reproduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper identifies and characterizes a corporate network based on Argentinian-Spanish business (Catalan mainly) that was built around a dozen companies all located in Buenos Aires, in the first half of 20th century. Studying the board of directors of the company Providencia Compañía Argentina de Seguros, it finds meeting points in which different groups are involved and it analyzes what corporate strategies they applied. It also determines whether any political compromise was acquired by the members of the network, both in Spain and Argentina. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the comoving patterns of relevant stocks in terms of media co-exposure in both normal and extreme market periods. For this purpose, we build a media-based corporate network in terms of 17,685 pieces of news articles released in 2014 that mentioned at least two stocks listed on the CSI 300 Index. Each node in the network represents a listed company. The edge weight between two nodes is determined by the number of news articles that mention these two firms. We find that the comoving patterns, which were discovered by the media co-exposure, of relevant stocks are stable in both normal and crisis periods. The stock performance of one listed firm is affected by its neighboring firms in the proposed media-based corporate network. These results are consistent with the theoretical models of noise and liquidity traders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several theories point to the influence of board interlocks on the diffusion of important resources, mainly information. Empirical confirmation of the information functionality of the interlocking directorates network was obtained in the case of network research under the Anglo-Saxon model of corporate governance as well as the continental model in developed countries. Since the early 1990s another model of corporate governance in CEE countries has been developed. The specific determinants of the development of this model do not allow us to unequivocally state similar causes and consequences of interlocking directorates in relation to the most frequently studied western corporate governance models. The aim of this study is to determine the importance managers attach to these relationships within a corporate network as a source of strategic information that is important to the company's strategic decision-making process, in the context of the Polish governance model. The research employs the case-study method and presents the results of five case studies of companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. The research, on the one hand, suggests that the network embeddedness of Polish listed companies is of minor significance; on the other hand, it pointed to the existence of two main types of corporate networks: one inwardly directed and focused on supervisory board members' controlling function performed with a view to protecting the shareholders' equity ownership, and the other orientated towards external relationships, often distant from the original industry, in order to obtain information that supports new initiatives. What seems to most determine the behaviour of company managers is the corporate culture resulting from the presence of a foreign owner from a Western European country. In general, the findings confirm the importance of the network of interlocking directorates more as an instrument of control than diffusion of strategic information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial Control Systems (ICS) networks offer a high level of automation combined with high levels of control, quality and process improvement. Since network corporate users have to access the ICS environment, these networks have to be interconnected. However, this interconnection can introduce risks to the systems and manufacturing processes, which leads to the need to ensure the interconnection is done safely. The objective of this paper is to perform modeling and validation of a proposed secure interconnection between ICS and corporate networks using Colored Petri Networks (CPN). In addition to the best practices published in related works, this paper recommends some integrated features like the use of terminal server service, secure manual uplinks, and unidirectional security gateway to enhance environmental security. However, our main contribution is the validation process performed in a Colored Petri Network, which made it possible to execute queries in the state space resulting from the simulation - that works as a proof of concept. As a result, the paper presents a secure and validated model of interconnection between ICS and corporate networks, capable of being applied to any interconnection environment.

Directors’ corporate networks have been the subject of several studies that explore their different consequences, such as resource collaboration, transmission of practices, financial decisions, reduc-tion of uncertainty, control and management, the firm’s reputation and individual interests. However, there is still no consensus about what these interlocking directorates (IDs) really do for firms and in what direction current research is following. This study carried out an extensive review of the literatu-re in 75 papers (from 1969 to 2018) focused on IDs research, and as a result proposes two categories and four subcategories related to companies’ outcomes. The study found that the biggest contribution to firms, focuses on the description of network structures and control and management results, re-marking the difference between North America IDs research and other regions, while shedding light on what IDs do for firms. It also identified gaps in research such as dissemination, globalization and collusion that need to have more analysis.

The article examines the structure of monitoring, diagnostic and management systems created for technical facilities. It has been found that low levels of these multi- level control and management systems operate in the form of corporate computer networks to manage technological processes. The characteristics of the means of communication between the different levels of the system are investigated. The main internal data sources of such systems are identified on specific real systems. Low- level controllers define the need for the size of the Database created in RAM and the structure of the Database created in memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Science-Based Technologies is the property of National Aviation University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study was intended to examine how the job stress of enterpriser affects decision quality when they make rational decision making, and to empirical analysis on whether decision quality can be enhanced through corporate network and absorption capacity. For this purpose, 356 survey data were collected from small business enterpriser and analyzed using SPSS v.25 and AMOS v.24. Studies have shown that among job stress, challenging stress has positive(+) influence on decision quality, disturbing stress has negative(-) influence on decision quality, and both corporate network and absorption capacity have positive(+) influence on decision quality. In addition, challenge stress and hindrance stress have been shown to have a positive(+) influence on decision quality through corporate network and absorption capacity. These findings confirmed that the challenge factors of job stress had a positive effect on decision quality, and confirmed that the corporate network and absorption capacity were important factors in enhancing decision-making products. As such, conclusions were discussed and implications and directions for follow-up studies were presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial Control Systems (ICS) networks offer a high level of automation combined with high levels of control, quality, and process improvement. Since network corporate users have to access the ICS environment, these networks have to be interconnected. However, this interconnection can introduce risks to the systems and manufacturing processes, which leads to the need to ensure the interconnection is done safely. The objective of this paper is to perform modeling and validation of a proposed secure interconnection between ICS and corporate networks using Colored Petri Networks (CPN). In addition to the best practices published in related works, this paper recommends some integrated features like the use of terminal server service, secure manual uplinks, and unidirectional security gateway to enhance environmental security. However, our main contribution is the validation process performed in a CPN, which made it possible to execute queries in the state space resulting from the simulation - that works as a proof of concept. As a result, the paper presents a secure and validated model of interconnection between ICS and corporate networks, capable of being applied to any interconnection environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an essential channel to obtain external resources and information, corporate networks have played a key role in enhancing the competitive advantage of firms, especially during the period where most of the high-technology firms in China started to directly seek means other than import technology to boost their competitive advantages. However, there was still ambiguity concerning how exactly corporate networks would affect comparative advantage. This study sought to expose the internal mechanisms among two aspects of corporate networks, namely, the network strength and the network centrality, and competitive advantage. We also examined the mediating effects of the dynamic capabilities and the ambidextrous combination. Managers of 384 high technology enterprises in China were interviewed via telephone calls during the period of January to June 2020. The data were analyzed by utilizing the structural equation method, and the results show that both dynamic capacities and the ambidextrous combination significantly mediate the relationship between corporate networks and firms’ comparative advantage, where the two mediators also had a significant relationship with each other. Moreover, the multigroup analysis also unveiled that the corporate networks had a greater impact on competitive advantage and the ambidextrous combination in the manufacturing sector, while small-sized enterprises and service enterprises would benefit more than others from the improvement in the dynamic capabilities and ambidextrous combination. Our findings fill the gap in the literature and provide useful information to firms in China on how to allocate internal and external resources to enhance their competitive advantages.

Copyright of Science-Based Technologies is the property of National Aviation University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Computing & System Journal (C&S) / Revista de Sistemas e Computação (RSC) is the property of FACS Servicos Educacionais S.A. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Research on corporate networks can be seen as a modern management imperative resulting from significant determinants of the environment and the development of new business models. The aim of this article is to present the main issues of network research in strategic management in the context of use of social network analysis (SNA). The choice of a theoretical basis for explaining the processes and mechanisms of the network, specification of the type of tested network and the type of relations, as well as determination of the level of network analysis are recognised as the most important problems. In view of the specificity of strategic management, considerations are limited to the examples of a network of companies or a network of main decision-makers, such as members of management or supervisory boards. The analysis focuses on both the opportunities of social network analysis as well as its actual limitations that determine the range of potential research.

The fundamental question of management research is to explore the determinants of differences in company performance. These determinants are both exogenous and endogenous. Network literature highlights the importance of access to external resources available to a firm through its network. The main objective of the presented research is primarily to test the relationship between the performance of companies and their position within a network. The empirical field of this research covered companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. We test effects of structural positions in two networks among the same set of companies linked by boards and ownership ties. Social network analysis (SNA) methods were used to determine positional characteristics of firms. The results of our research underline the importance of ownership links and firms’ positions in corporate networks for firms’ performance and strategic risk.