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European air transport analysts are divided on the impact of the European Union's Third Package of liberalization rules on the industry. They question whether or not the process will lend itself to its goal of open skies by mid-1997. Although some European Union states have opposed liberalization, the program has moved forward. European airlines, under the Third Package rules, have unrestricted freedom in establishing air fares and have been granted limited cabotage rights., Two years after the EU introduced its Third Package of liberalization measures, European air transport experts are divided on just how much of the potential has been fulfilled and whether [...]

The privatization of France's aerospace industry opens the doors to investment from foreign firms. The French government has limited non-European Community investment in such firms to 25%. Air France, Societe Nationale d' Etude et de Construction de Moteurs d'Aviation and Aerospatiale are not expected to be sold for another three to five years because of the effects of the global recession on their balance sheets., PARIS-By the time all is said and done, France's privatization of 21 state-owned businesses should have a profound effect on the nation's aerospace industry. Because, not only will once 'untouchable' [...]

The 1993 Paris Air Show featured over 20 aircraft from Russia, including the first appearance in Western Europe of the Il-96M transport. Eighteen US companies were involved in the development of the Il-96M prototype, and it now awaits certification from US and European aviation authorities. Aircraft companies discussed their production and marketing plans at the show, and their strategies for surviving the ongoing recession in the industry., PARIS--The Russia-led CIS aerospace industry continues to dominate the world's major air shows, The former U.S.S.R. used Le Bourget as it did Yarnbrough last year, to showcase its products and [...]

European airlines are resisting the transition to privatization, despite the stated goal of the European Community (EC) to end government involvement in airlines. While the EC has rules to prevent government subsidies of airlines, it has no authority over the shareholder structure of airlines. With the exceptions of British Airways, which is 100% privately held, and KLM, which is 62% privately held, Europe's 10 largest airlines are all at least 50% government-owned. Hence, privatization of these airlines may be a long and complex process., Of the many obstacles standing between the EC commission and its goal of opening up the European skies to free competition, the most imposing is that of weaning carriers from [...]

European corporations traditionally rely on their in-house communications departments to fill their public relations (PR) needs. However, many European corporations are increasingly considering outside PR expertise as the the single European market of 1992 approaches. Outside PR expertise is seen as necessary to overcome cultural and linguistic barriers between the markets the companies will seek to exploit in 1992. In addition, the wave of mergers and acquisitions has led many companies to trim costs, leading to a reduction in the size of many firms' corporate communications departments. The largest independent PR firm in the world is Shandwick PLC, which has an annual income of $180 million and stands to benefit the most from the increasing use of independent PR agencies by European firms.

The article discusses the French military intervention against Islamist militants in Mali in January 2013, with a focus on its military strategy to combat terrorism in the region. Topics include the history of French military missions and political aims in Africa, the background of the Malian militants and their links to Algeria, the Nigerian militant group Boko Haram, and terrorist organization al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM), and how the United States, Canada, Great Britain, and member states of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) have assisted the intervention with technology, intelligence, and troops.

The article reports on the election of Socialist François Hollande as president of France, defeating Conservative incumbent Nicolas Sarkozy in a May 6, 2012 runoff election. Discussion topics include fiscal-austerity ideology, the European debt crisis, and French political history since the 1980s. The outlook for political relations between the new French president and Germany's Chancellor Angela Merkel, in light of her support for Sarkozy, is discussed. Regime changes in Europe since November 2011 including Italy, Spain, the Netherlands, and Greece are noted.

The article discusses French President Nicolas Sarkozy and his less than optimistic prospects for re-election in 2012. It states that Sarkozy's popularity among French citizens has waned in the midst of rising national debt, a downgrade in France's credit rating in 2011, and Sarkozy's reputation as a friend of the rich people. Some of Sarkozy's political opponents are also mentioned, including National Front party (FN) leader Marine Le Pen and Socialist Party member François Hollande. Sarkozy's quick reaction to the March 2012 Toulousse, France shooting deaths of several Jewish citizens by alleged terrorist Mohammed Merah is also mentioned.

The article discusses the political and economic situation of Europe after the London, England riots of 2011, the devaluation of the euro, and stock market difficulties following the Standard and Poor's downgrading of U.S. debt. The article argues that the economic events of August 2011 indicate that this is a time of major change for the world economic order. Economist Jim O'Neill says that the dissolution of the Euro zone would have effects worldwide and Kenneth Rogoff of Harvard University says that the West is experiencing a great contraction of growth. Charts of unemployment rates, gross domestic product, and sovereign ratings of both the U.S. and European countries are provided.

The article looks at the correlation between power and deviant behavior in men. The alleged sexual assault of a hotel maid by International Monetary Fund official Dominique Strauss-Kahn is discussed. The author speculates that powerful men often become powerful by being risk takers, which means they assess risks and act on them differently than most people. The lack of privacy among politicians is also discussed, noting the public reaction to the infidelities of former U.S. president Bill Clinton, former California governor Arnold Schwarzenegger, and former Senator John Edwards.

The article discusses Yemen's role in the U.S. war against terrorism abroad. After the revelation that the alleged terrorist Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab, who attempted to blow up a flight to Detroit on December 25, 2009, trained for the mission with al-Qaeda in Yemen, the U.S. has focused it's attention on the war-torn country in the hopes that its leadership can contain al-Qaeda.

This article introduces a section on 100 Olympic athletes to watch at the 2008 Olympics in Beijing, China, including basketball player LeBron James, swimmer Dara Torres, sprinter Asafa Powell, soccer player Heather O'Reilly, boxer Zou Shiming, martial artist Sara Khoshjamal, swimmer Stephanie Rice, gymnast Yang Wei, fencer Laura Flessei-Colovic, and swimmer Federica Pellegrini.

The article reports on the rising violence and incidence of Islamic terrorism in Somalia. Focus is given to steps the United States has taken to subdue the worry in the region, including the creation of a military base opened in Djibouti in 2002, as well as air strikes which are being used to eradicate the al-Qaeda leadership hiding within Africa. Article topics include Ethiopian soldiers in Somalia, regional war, and government conflicts.

The article reports on the June 29-30 terrorist activity in London, England, and Glasgow, Scotland, explaining that the attacks defied many assumptions that are associated with terrorism. The article states that some of the suspects were doctors and that attempting to profile potential terrorists could be counterproductive. The article details British investigations and terrorism prevention methods.

This article addresses air travel security after British officials foiled what appears to have been a plot to blow up as many as 10 United States-bound passenger jets with liquid explosives hidden in carry-on luggage. The author considers the dilemma of determining how security officials should respond to terrorism plots: by taking reflexive action regardless of the probability of a repeated attempt or by taking stock of probable risk and the cost of safety.

The article argues that the U.S. is willfully misunderstanding world affairs when it claims the conflict between Israel and Hizballah and Hamas is about terrorism. The U.S. has given Israel its tacit approval to continue the bombings that are daily killing Lebanese civilians in hopes of routing out Hizballah. The article claims that America's obsession with terrorism is costing the country international allies and increasing the violence and chaos in the Middle East.

This article provides advice for establishing peace in the Arab-Israeli conflict in the wake of battles between Israel and Lebanon in 2006. Among the actions advised are involvement from the U.S. military, the inclusion of Palestine in peace talks, a guarantee of Israel's security, the stabilization of Lebanon, and handling of political insurgency in Iraq and Iran.

The article explains why the controversy over the Muhammad cartoons erupted months after the caricatures appeared, and discusses how the crisis could have been averted. Caricatures of the Prophet Muhammad, first published by a Danish newspaper, have provoked Muslims across the Islamic world to protest. Given the violence of the protests, some in the U.S. and Europe have lashed back. Broader issues raised by the furor will remain. To some, the dispute is a bellwether of a growing divide between Islam and Western societies, revealing cultural ignorance on both sides. INSET: Anatomy of an Uproar.

Focuses on the lure of the jihadist movement to Muslim youths in Western countries. Story of Peter Cherif, a Parisian Muslim, who went to Syria to study Arabic and the Koran, and who was later captured by the U.S. in Fallujah, Iraq; Influence of images of suffering Muslims seen over the Internet on Muslim youths; Claim by U.S. President George W. Bush that the best way to prevent terrorist attack is to fight Islamic extremists on their turf in the Middle East, though the London subway bombings, which bin Laden's deputy, Ayman al-Zawahiri, claimed responsibility for, shows that preventing terrorism in the west may not be possible; Alienation felt by European Muslims from their societies and the policies of their governments.

Comments on the impact of the July 7, 2005 London subway bombings on the War on Terrorism. Portrait of the organization of terrorist activities under Al Qaeda; Impact of the U.S.-led War on Terrorism on Al Qaeda's organization and leadership; Influence of the London bombings on the world's understanding of Al Qaeda's actions and goals; Argument that Europe has become a central focus of both terrorist activity and counterterrorism efforts; Changes in the organizational behavior of terrorist groups since the capture of key leaders in Afghanistan and Iraq; Discussion of the impact of the Iraq War on the prevention of terrorism worldwide.

Focuses on terrorist attacks in London, England in which subways and commuter buses were bombed on July 7, 2005. Report that the attack, which was the largest in London since World War II, killed at least 49 and injured 700; Description of the initial investigations by police and forensics experts; Claim of responsibility for the attack by a group connected to Al Qaeda, who cited retaliation for Great Britain's support of U.S.-led wars in Iraq and Afghanistan; Suspicion of investigators that British Moroccans tied to Al Qaeda were behind the bombings; Potential links between the bombing and London and the bombing of trains Madrid, Spain, in March, 2004; Details of Great Britain's policies in the War on Terrorism. INSET: DEADLY COMMUTE.

Focuses on fears concerning the safety of U.S. nuclear reactors in the event of a terrorist attack aimed at power plants. Scenario explaining how the terrorists could invade a nuclear power plant and cause a loss-of-coolant accident that would lead to a meltdown with the potential to kill hundreds of thousands over time; Lack of fail-safe mechanisms in reactor control rooms because no one expects terrorists to gain access to them, according to physicist Kenneth Bergeron; Questions on whether or not the nuclear industry is prepared for a terrorist attack.

Looks at Condoleezza Rice and her dazzling of audiences abroad. Evidence that the new Secretary of State has consolidated her power as the chief exponent of the Administration's foreign policy; Belief her best asset is her direct line to President George W. Bush with whom she is very close; Actions she has taken to calm the U.S. position towards Hizballah in Lebanon and leading the push for reform in the Middle East.

Discusses the role of insurgent Abu Mousab al-Zarqawi in organizing the rebel forces in Iraq to fight against U.S. troops and their Iraqi allies. How al-Zarqawi has successfully organized daily bombings, kidnappings, mass executions, and televised beheadings in Fallujah and other Iraqi cities; Consideration of how religious extremists and national resistance were two major factors in the growth of the insurgency in Iraq; Contempt expressed by al-Zarqawi for the Shi'ites and those who sympathize with the U.S. and the new Iraqi authorities; Assassination of Ayatullah Mohammed Baqir al-Hakim, a prominent Shi'ite leader, in an August 2003 bombing in Najaf; How al-Zarqawi has pledged his allegiance to terrorist Osama bin Ladin in various Web announcements.

Examines the controversy surrounding United Nations leader Kofi Annan's alleged management of the oil-for-food program during the reign of Saddam Hussein. Stories about suspicious payments to his son, Kojo, from a Swiss company which had a food-or-oil contract; Anger of some U.S. legislators for his refusal to support the war in Iraq; Battle of wills between Washington and the Secretary-General who was handpicked by the U.S. in 1996; Details of the case against Annan; Appointment of an independent panel by Annan to investigate the charges which will be led by Paul Volcker, former chairman of the Federal Reserve; Background on Annan and his rise to the top; His efforts to reform the United Nations.

Presents a look at the Islamic world three years after the September 11th attacks in the U.S. How the U.S. and its allies have succeeded in killing and apprehending hundreds of al-Qaeda terrorists but have yet to defuse the appeal of Islamic extremism and win over those who sympathize with al-Qaeda; Statistics on the world Muslim population; Concerns that Muslim communities are vulnerable to the 'radical influences' of extremists; How the majority of Muslims condem violent acts; How critics of the Bush Administration have said that the U.S. has failed to invest in 'public diplomacy' programs aimed at improving the image of the U.S. in Muslim countries; State of Iran and Saudi Arabia.

Discusses the dramatic reforms proposed by "The 9/11 Commission Report" to help thwart another terrorist attack in the United States. Questions as to whether the proposals make sense and will ever be implemented; Reaction from the White House to the report; Pressure to take action from the ten commissioners on the committee, who plan to flood congressional hearings and stump for their reforms in the heartland; Plans to release at least four additional staff-written reports on such topics as aviation, border security, and terrorist financing; Call for a single National Intelligence Director; Need for better intelligence; Suggestion that the U.S. reach out to the Islamic world through diplomacy and educational and cultural exchanges.

Offers a look at the threat of terrorism in the world as of March 29, 2004. Search for al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden; Statement that the Madrid terrorist bombings and attacks on hotels in Iraq give evidence that the Islamist terrorist threat has survived a global war on terror; Belief of counterterrorism experts that the al-Qaeda organization is being replaced by a more elusive generation of extremists; Arrest of Jamal Zougam for the attacks in Madrid; Effect of the bombings in Madrid on the Spanish elections; Role of Abu Mousab al-Zarqawi in the violence in Baghdad, Iraq; Measures taken by the United States to prevent terrorism; Statement that the U.S. measures have not lessened the threat of Islamic terrorism.

Presents a report on efforts to find the terrorists responsible for a series of bomb explosions in commuter train stations in Madrid, Spain, which left more than 200 people dead and 1,500 wounded. Report that an unexploded bomb provided important clues for Spanish police in tracking down the terrorists; Details of the police investigation, which led to the arrest of three Moroccans who may be linked to bombings in Casablanca last May; Explanation of the Moroccans' possible connections to al Qaeda, Speculation about whether attempts to claim responsibility for the bombings by callers saying they are linked to al Qaeda are genuine; Reasons why the Spanish government initially thought ETA could be responsible for the attacks. INSET: A Deadly Morning.

Reports on the capture of an al-Qaeda terrorist, Hassan Ghul, by Kurdish security officials on the border between Iraq and Iran. How Ghul held intelligence about the role of al-Qaeda in the insurgency in Iraq; Plans of an international terrorism organization to engage in a global jihad in Iraq by creating discord between the Sunni and Shi'ite Muslims; Possibility that the document found on Ghul was prepared by al-Qaeda top operative Abu Mousab al-Zarqawi; How the jihadists will try to turn the Iraqis against U.S. occupation forces.

Presents a look at the Baathists, terrorists, Islamists and disaffected Iraqis fighting U.S. troops. Descriptions of the various insurgent groups, their leaders, connections and tactics; First-hand account of a mission to hit a U.S. military target; The various groups who are trying to form a better organized base of resistance to U.S. forces; Differing goals which include those who wish to bring back Saddam Hussein and those who believe fighting the infidels is a Koranic imperative.

The author presents an analysis of why the case brought by U.S. officials against terrorism suspect Zacarias Moussaoui has virtually collapsed. Less than a month after he was locked up, 19 al-Qaeda operatives boarded four commercial jetliners and turned them into aerial bombs, killing more than 3,000 people in the worst terrorist attacks ever on U.S. soil. Within days, investigators began piecing together intriguing parallels between Moussaoui's actions and those of the hijackers. Three months to the day after the attacks, Attorney General John Ashcroft proudly announced a show-stopping list of conspiracy charges against Moussaoui--who the government strongly hinted was the missing 20th hijacker--calling the indictment "a chronicle of evil." Nearly two years later, the government's case, which had been billed as a slam dunk, is a shambles. On Oct. 2, U.S. District Judge Leonie Brinkema said prosecutors could not seek the death penalty for Moussaoui and could not even allege that he had a link to the 9/11 conspiracy. She put those shackles on the government's case because it had denied the defendant, on national-security grounds, access to witnesses who were in a position to say whether he was part of the 9/11 gang--Ramzi Binalshibh, Khalid Sheikh Mohammed and other key al-Qaeda figures the U.S. has captured. Unless Moussaoui's prosecutors yank the case into a tribunal, it would mean that they would have to pursue much reduced charges. The case now is pivotal for another reason: it has become a showdown between the basic right of criminal defendants to prove their innocence and national-security concerns that can affect the lives of many others.

Focuses on the state of Saudi Arabia as of September 2003. Efforts of the government to track down members of the terrorist organization Al Qaeda; Concerns over the fact that many of the September 11 terrorists were Saudi residents; Military and police raids conducted in the region to arrest Al Qaeda suspects; Terrorist attacks in Saudi Arabia in May 2003; How the U.S. supports the Saudi's efforts to control terrorist funds; Efforts to end the teaching of intolerance. INSET: The Bush-Saudi Axis.

Discusses the issue of whether there are enough U.S. forces in Afghanistan and Iraq to keep the peace. Strategic planning of the U.S. President George W. Bush administration after the September 11, 2001 terror attacks; Expansion of the military to its limits as the U.S. invades lands suspected to be bases for terrorists; How U.S. military leaders are talking about increasing troop strength; Opposition of Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld to expanding the Army; History of America's military; Focus of the debate on more troops or more reform; Possibility that Congress may increase U.S. troop levels on its own if the administration takes no action. INSET: BLOODY AUGUST.

Looks at reasons why the war on terrorism will never end. Terror attacks which occurred in May 2003 in Saudia Arabia and Morocco; Possible connection to the terrorist organization al-Qaeda; Questions regarding the location of Osama Bin Laden; Capability of al-Qaeda to organize and carry out terrorist attacks; Concerns over where the next attacks could occur.

Discusses why Saddam Hussein did not leave Iraq and go into exile when given an ultimatum by the United States. Background on how he came to power; His confidence that Iraq would emerge victorious from a war with the U.S.; His strategy for driving Western public opinion to demand a cease-fire; His career with the national Baath Party; History and ruthlessness of his regime; Idea that the dictator is seeking a legacy.

Reports on terrorism in Kenya. Discussion of a suicide bombing at the Paradise Hotel near Mombasa and of a surface-to-air-missile attack on an Israeli commercial jetliner; Topics of portable missiles that fire from the shoulder of terrorists, the shift of terrorism to so-called soft targets, and the idea that al-Qaeda is decentralizing and delegating decision-making downward; Discussion of the suggestion that the Mombasa attacks followed anti-Israeli references on the Osama bin Laden audiotape; Investigation into a connection between al-Qaeda and Palestinian groups. INSET: The Dangers of a Pocket Arsenal.

Discusses the reorganization of al-Qaeda and its terrorist affiliates since the September 11, 2001 attacks in the United States. Indication that terrorist cells exist in 60 countries; How the group has been waging jihad against the U.S. and its allies, including the bombing on Bali Island, Indonesia; Idea that al-Qaeda is avoiding conflict with the Pakistan government by keeping its training camps small; Challenge of crisis issues in the U.S. government concerning North Korea and Iraq; Refocus of the U.S. counterterrorism mission.

Reports on the surveillance and capture of al-Qaeda member Ramzi Binalshibh, a Yemeni accused of involvement in the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001. Failure to obtain visas; Investigation by U.S. officials; His role in the hijacking; Importance of his capture; Interrogation of Omar al-Faruq; Concerns about alleged al-Qaeda sympathizers in Lackawanna, New York; Changing strategies of terrorists due to war in Afghanistan.

Reports that the United States government had debated about the potential terrorism threat of al-Qaeda early in 2001. Briefings conducted by President Bill Clinton's administration to assist incumbent President George W. Bush; Details on the terrorism briefing delivered by Richard Clarke; The formal plan that would take the offensive against al-Qaeda; Issue of whether the September 11, 2002 attacks could have been foiled.

Discusses whether media companies are better off broken up in light of the resignation of Vivendi chief executive officer Jean-Marie Messier. Potential disaggregation among media companies such as the Franco-American media giant Vivendi; Outlook for Jean-René Fourtou's role at Vivendi; Decline in Vivendi stock; Roles of Edgar Bronfman Jr. and Barry Diller; Outlook for Vivendi.

Discusses the war on terrorism in light of possible plots of Al-Qaeda against the U.S. and its allies. Interrogation of Abu Zubaydah in prison by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA); Arrest of Jose Padilla, who allegedly was exploring a plan to build and detonate a radiological dispersion device, or 'dirty bomb,' in the U.S.; Discussion of the possible weaknesses of Al-Qaeda. INSET: MORE WINS THAN LOSSES.

Discusses potential terrorist threats in the U.S. from the al-Qaeda network. Suicide bombings in Tunisia and Pakistan which have been linked to al-Qaeda; Suggestion that al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden is in hiding and is still able to send messages to followers; Proposed reasons that there have not been more attacks, including the war in Afghanistan; Arrest of Abu Zubaydah who is suspected of being responsible for organizing attacks in Europe and North America.

Focuses on U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) agent Coleen Rowley who released a memo accusing the FBI of deliberately obstructing measures that could have helped disrupt the September 11 terrorist attacks. Her argument that bureaucratic incompetence delayed a search of accused terrorist Zacarias Moussaoui's computer and belongings; How the memo has raised the interest of Republicans and Democrats; Concerns of Rowley about retaliation. INSETS: Rowley's Diagnosis--and Mueller's Rx for the FBI;'We Could Have Gotten Lucky'.

Discusses four mistakes that prevented the U.S. from possibly thwarting the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, after revelations that President George W. Bush had been briefed in August 2001 by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) that al-Qaeda, headed by Osama bin Laden, might hijack airliners. Memo sent by U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) agent Kenneth Williams that noted a pattern of Arab men signing up at flight schools; Detention of Zacarias Moussaoui, who was suspected of terrorist activity, in August 2001. INSET: WHAT THEY KNEW AND WHEN THEY DID.

Discusses the ability of the United States to prevent another terrorist attack similar to that of September 11, 2001. Concern that the U.S. is not doing all it can to protect itself; Possible threats, including mass contamination of the nation's food supply and nuclear attacks on major U.S. cities; Criticism facing U.S. intelligence, including the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA); Efforts of the government, including the Office of Homeland Security, to increase national security; Concern about al-Qaeda operatives around the globe; Outlook.

Reports on the investigation of Richard Reid, who attempted to blow up American Airlines Flight 63 from Paris, France to Miami, Florida with a shoe bomb. Question of whether he is affiliated with the al-Qaeda terrorist network; Background, including his conversion to Islam; His involvement in London, England's Brixton Mosque and Islamic Cultural Center and eventually the Finsbury Park mosque, which is at the heart of the extremist Islamic culture; Connection he had to Zacarias Moussaoui; Importance of jihad to Reid; Details of his travels.

Focuses on the videotape on which Osama bin Laden, his associates, and a Saudi sheik named Ali bin Said al-Ghamdi discuss the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. How the tape was perceived differently in the Western and Arab worlds; Decision of United States President George W. Bush to release the tape to the media because it indicated bin Laden's prior knowledge of the attacks; Background on how the tape was found and what has been gleaned from the contents.

Reports on operations within the Al-Qaeda terrorist network. Speculation about the ability of Al-Qaeda to survive without leaders, including Osama bin Laden; Possibility that many international terrorists may return to their native countries as a result of the fall of the Taliban in Afghanistan and the death or capture of their leaders; Al-Qaeda activities in the United States; Targets of Islamic terrorists in the Middle East, such as Yemen and Lebanon.

Reports on the al-Qaeda terrorist network led by Osama bin Laden. Efforts of police and military forces worldwide to gather information on the global network following the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks against the United States; History of al-Qaeda, which was started to fight the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan and evolved into a group fighting for a purer form of Islam; Impact of globalization on terrorism. INSETS: Who's Who in the Enemy Alliance;TERRORIST HITS AND MISSES.