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Background: High prevalence of smartphone addiction among medical students may contribute to adverse physical and mental health outcomes. Aim: To estimate the prevalence of smartphone addiction, and explore the influencing factors and related mental health symptoms of smartphone addiction among Asian medical students. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: PubMed (MEDLINE), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and EMBASE were searched for relevant literature from the inception to September 10, 2021. Using Stata software 11.0, the meta-analysis of prevalence and the influencing factors of smartphone addiction were determined with 95% confidence intervals. Results: Nineteen articles, published between 2014 and 2019, were included, producing medical student studies from seven different Asian countries. The included studies were conducted in India ( n = 11) and Malaysia ( n = 3), with China, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Nepal, and Iran each contributing one study. Among a total of 5,497 medical students, the participants included 3,214 females, of whom 2,181 were medical students with smartphone addiction. The prevalence of smartphone addiction among Asian medical students was 41.93% (95% CI [36.24%, 47.72%]). The influencing factors of smartphone addiction among medical students included gender, duration of smartphone use, smartphone function, and marital status. Ten studies (52.63%) explored related mental health symptoms of smartphone addiction among Asian medical students. Smartphone addiction was positively correlated with poor sleep quality ( r = .17–.31), stress ( r = .30–.40), anxiety, depression, neuroticism, and general health among Asian medical students. Conclusion: Smartphone addiction is highly prevalent among Asian medical students. Smartphone addiction may adversely affect mental health, resulting in sleep disturbance, stress, anxiety, depression, and neuroticism. It is necessary to take appropriate precautionary actions and interventions to prevent smartphone overuse among medical students.

To explore a nursing method which for suitable for neonatal nasal continuous positive airway pressure to prevent neonatal nasal injury. 106 newborns treated with nasal continuous positive airway pressure admitted in our hospital from January 2020 to October 2020 were selected as the study subjects and divided into observation group (n=53) and control group (n=53) according to the randomized control principle, in which the control group of neonates used U-shaped nasal plugs during transnasal continuous positive airway pressure ventilation, while the observation group cut the hydrocolloid dressing into a bunny shape, punched holes according to the size of the children’s nostrils and pasted them on the children’s nose before using the nasal congestion. Choose the appropriate nasal congestion and fix it properly. Compare the total nasal continuous positive airway pressure treatment time, nasolabial fold and septum skin damage and their incidence and parents’ satisfaction with nursing services between the two groups. There was no statistically significant difference in the time of nasal continuous positive airway pressure treatment and arterial blood gas arterial oxygen partial pressure, carbon dioxide partial pressure and pH value after 12- 24 h of nasal continuous positive airway pressure treatment between the two groups (p>0.05); compared with the control group, the incidence of nasolabial sulcus skin injury and nasal septum skin injury in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group and the difference was statistically significant (p

Long non-coding RNA MALAT1 was previously revealed to express abnormally in animal and cellular models of stroke, suggesting its indispensable role in stroke. The aims of the present study were to further investigate the functions of MALAT1 and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. Oxygen glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation (OGD/R) challenge was used in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) to mimic stroke injury in vitro. MALAT1 and miR-205-5p expression levels were evaluated by qRT-PCR. A tube formation assay was employed to verify the angiogenesis of HBMECs. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated using the ErdU assay and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. The interaction between miR-205-5p and MALAT1 was verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay. MALAT1 and miR-205-5p were both significantly upregulated in the serum of CIS patients and HBMECs under OGD/R, and the tube formation of HBMECs was damaged after OGD/R treatment. Silencing miR-205-5p remarkably promoted HBMEC proliferation and angiogenesis to resist OGD/R injury. Knockdown of MALAT1 markedly inhibited HBMEC proliferation and angiogenesis, and meanwhile promoted apoptosis induced by OGD/R treatment. Most importantly, MALAT1 acted as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) of miR-205-5p via direct bonding with each other in HBMECs under OGD/R damage, indirectly upregulating the downstream targeted gene VEGFA. MALAT1 protected the angiogenesis function of HBMECs under OGD/R conditions by interacting with miR-205-5p/VEGFA pathway.

Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) possess several unique features, but they suffer from surface quenching effects caused by the interaction between the UCNPs and fluorophore. Thus, the use of UCNPs for target-induced emission changes for biosensing and bioimaging has been challenging. In this work, fluorophore and UCNPs are effectively separated by a silica transition layer with a thickness of about 4 nm to diminish the surface quenching effect of the UCNPs, allowing a universal and efficient luminescence resonance energy transfer (LRET) ratiometric upconversion luminescence nanoplatform for biosensing applications. A pH-sensitive fluorescein derivative and Hg(2+)-sensitive rhodamine B were chosen as fluoroionphores to construct the LRET nanoprobes. Both showed satisfactory target-triggered ratiometric upconversion luminescence responses in both solution and live cells, indicating that this strategy may find wide applications in the design of nanoprobes for various biorelated targets.

Purpose: Breast cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer death in women worldwide. The Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS), a cumulative prognostic score based on C-reactive protein and albumin, indicates the presence of a systemic inflammatory response. The GPS has been adopted as a powerful prognostic tool for patients with various types of malignant tumors, including breast cancer. The aim of this study was to assess the value of the GPS in predicting the response and toxicity in breast cancer patients treated with chemotherapy. Patients and Methods: Patients with metastatic breast cancers in a progressive stage for consideration of chemotherapy were eligible. The clinical characteristics and demographics were recorded. The GPS was calculated before the onset of chemotherapy. Data on the response to chemotherapy and progression-free survival (PFS) were also collected. Objective tumor responses were evaluated according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST). Toxicities were graded according to National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI-CTC) version 3.0 throughout therapy. Results: In total, 106 breast cancer patients were recruited. The GPS was associated with the response rate (p = 0.05), the clinical benefit rate (p = 0.03), and PFS (p = 0.005). The GPS was the only independent predictor of PFS (p = 0.005). The GPS was significantly associated with neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, anorexia, nausea and vomiting, fatigue, and mucositis (p = 0.05-0.001). Conclusions: Our data demonstrate that GPS assessment is associated with poor clinical outcomes and severe chemotherapy-related toxicities in patients with metastatic breast cancer who have undergone chemotherapy, without any specific indication regarding the type of chemotherapy applied.

Background Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response that can lead to organ dysfunction and/or circulatory disorders in severe cases. The dysregulated inflammatory response plays a pivotal role in sepsis-induced liver injury. A variety of microRNAs and lncRNAs have been shown to be involved in the inflammatory response. However, their role in regulating sepsis-induced liver injury remains to be revealed. Methods Human hepatic tissue and healthy tissue were used for in vivo level detection. And Raw264.7 cells and Kupffer cells were used for in vitro modelling. The relative mRNA expression and the protein levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β were detected by q-PCR or by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. The binding of lncRNA NEAT1/Let-7a and Let-7a/TLR4 was detected by dual-luciferase reporter assay. RNA Immunoprecipitation (RIP) was used to detect the targeting relationship between lncRNA NEAT1 and Let-7a. Western blotting (WB) was used to detect TLR4 expression in different cell models. Results The overexpression of lncRNA NEAT1 accompanied by Let-7a inhibition and TLR4 activation was found in sepsis-induced liver injury patients. Similarly, LPS stimulation upregulated lncRNA NEAT1 expression, and lncRNA NEAT1 inhibition decreased the levels of inflammatory cytokines in vitro. Let-7a inhibitor treatment as well as TLR4 overexpression rescued the expression of inflammatory cytokines in lncRNA NEAT1-knockdown cells. Moreover, Let-7a interacted with both lncRNA NEAT1 and TLR4. Conclusion We demonstrate that lncRNA NEAT1 interacts with Let-7a, targeting TLR4 to contribute to the LPS-induced inflammatory response. Our assay can provide a potential therapeutic target for sepsis-induced liver injury.

Pyrene excimer possesses a large Stokes shift and long fluorescence lifetime and has been widely applied in developing time-resolved biosensing systems to solve the autofluorescence interference problems in biological samples. However, only a few of pyrene excimer-based small molecular probes have been reported so far. Ratiometric probes, on the other hand, can eliminate interferences from environmental factors such as instrumental efficiency and environmental conditions by a built-in correction of the dual emission bands but are ineffective for endogenous autofluorescence in biosystems. In this work, by combining the advantages of time-resolved fluorescence technique with ratiometric probe, we reported a bispyrene-fluorescein hybrid FRET cassette (PF) as a novel ratiometric time-resolved sensing platform for bioanalytical applications, with pH chosen as a biorelated target. The probe PF showed a fast, highly selective, and reversible ratiometric fluorescence response to pH in a wide range from 3.0 to 10.0 in buffered solution. By employing time-resolved fluorescence technique, the pH-induced fluorescence signal of probe PF can be well-discriminated from biological autofluorescence background, which enables us to detect pH in a range of 4.0-8.0 in cell media within a few seconds. It has also been preliminarily applied for ratiometric quantitative monitoring of pH changes in living cells with satisfying results. Since many fluorescein-based fluorescence probes have been developed, our strategy might find wide applications in design ratiometric time-resolved probes for detection of various biorelated targets.

In this paper, by employing a rigid xanthene scaffold as a bridge, we for the first time report a cofacial bispyrene derivative DPH as an efficient ratiometric fluorescent excimer probe for hypochlorite (OCl−). The probe is comprised of a rigid xanthene scaffold and two parallel pyrenes, which are linked by an OCl−-sensitive dicarboxylic acid hydrazide group. The introduction of OCl−, however, will induce oxidation of the dicarboxylic acid hydrazide moiety into a diimide group, and the subsequent hydrolysis of the diimide, to give 1-pyrenecarboxylic acid which exhibits a monomer emission at about 380 nm, with its intensity increasing with the addition of increased concentration of OCl−. Meanwhile, the excimer emission intensity gradually decreases. Such a ratiometric fluorescent response of the probe affords a high sensitivity to OCl−, with a linear response concentration range of 1 to 300 μM, and a detection limit of 0.35 μM for OCl−. It also shows a high selectivity for OCl− with no interference observed from other common anions and small molecules. Moreover, it can also act as a colorimetric probe for OCl− due to the cyan-to-blue fluorescence color change. It has been preliminarily used for practical detection of OCl− in river water samples with satisfying results.

A well-known antifungal agent letrozole was selected in this work to react with CuCl2·2H2O under solvothermal conditions. Two novel supramolecular coordination compounds, namely, [Cu(LTZ)3Cl2] (1) and [Cu(LTZ)4Cl2]·H2O (2) (LTZ = letrozole = 1-[bis(4-cyano-phenyl)methyl]-1,2,4-triazole), have been successfully obtained by changing the solvent. The utilization of ethanol/water solvent led to the formation of 1, which crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P2(1)/c. When the methanol/water solvent was used instead under the similar conditions, we got compound 2, space group C2/c. The Cu(II) center is a five-coordinated [CuN3Cl2] square pyramidal geometry in 1, but six-coordinated [CuN4Cl2] octahedral environment in 2, which maybe mainly introduced by the solvent molecule. These two large mononuclear compounds both are packed into complex three-dimensional supramolecular frameworks via the hydrogen bonds and interesting π⋯π interactions. The photoluminescence measurements show that two compounds both show strong blue emissions ascribed to the intraligand and/or ligand to metal charge transfer.

The creation of high bond strength between machined computer-manufactured pure titanium and porcelain remains a problem. However, machined titanium does not form the thick titanium oxide film found in cast titanium.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different preoxidation treatments on the bond strength of a machined pure titanium ceramic system.Specimens of commercially pure titanium (25 × 3 × 0.5 mm) were divided equally into 6 groups (n=8), which received different preoxidation treatments (3 hour natural oxidation; 600°C, 650°C, 700°C, 750°C, and 800°C for 3 minutes). Bond strengths were evaluated by using a 3-point bend test. The results were analyzed by using 1-way ANOVA and the least significant difference test. Twelve additional specimens of commercially pure titanium (15 × 3 × 0.5 mm) were cut for interface observation and divided equally into 6 groups that received the preoxidation treatments described previously. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrum were used to observe microscopic features of the interface between Ti and ceramic.The bond strength values of the 6 groups ranged from 23.72 ±2.53 MPa to 36.99 ±3.92 MPa, with significant differences (P.05). The specimen that received 750°C preoxidation had the highest bond strength. The main interface elements of the 6 groups were O, Si, Ti, Sn, Al, Na, and K. Ti showed a sigmoidal diffusion curve in each group, and Si showed a sigmoidal diffusion curve in most groups. Sn was enriched in each group's interface.Preoxidation under vacuum before porcelain firing can effectively improve the bond strength of machined pure titanium-porcelain systems.

In this paper, motion differential equation of the two degrees of freedom (2-DOF) vehicle is established based on the linear two degrees of freedom vehicle model and is derived without simplifying the front wheel steering angle (FWSA), then we analyze the vehicle's steady-state response , transient response and the amplitude-frequency characteristic of yaw velocity under different FWSA with the help of the matlab software and finally compare the results with the simplified ones to determine how the FWSA influences the level of the vehicle handling and stability (VHS). The results show that: while the FWSA is small, it has a less influence on vehicle handling and stability, the FWSA is large, it has a greater influence on vehicle handling and stability.

Assembly with large nonlinear optical response of the novel sandwich-like supermolecules CpLi-C60 (Cp = cyclopentadienide) has been investigated for two pathways. First, the half-sandwich Li salt CpLi is formed, and then the sandwich-like supermolecules CpLi-C60(trans) and CpLi-C60(cis) are obtained by affixing the C60 to CpLi. The results indicate that the βtot values of CpLi-C60(trans) (14 093 au) and CpLi-C60(cis) (15 560 au) increase sharply to about 22 times and 25 times greater than that of CpLi (624 au), respectively. This shows that the whole supermolecule is lighted by C60. Second, a Li atom is added to C60 to form the half-sandwich-like Li-C60, and then we attach the Cp to Li-C60 to form CpLi-C60(trans) and CpLi-C60(cis). The results indicate that the βtot values of CpLi-C60(trans) and CpLi-C60(cis) increase sharply to about 10 times and 11 times greater than that of Li-C60 (1387 au), respectively. Then, the two supermolecule Li salts are expected to be molecular switches by rotation of Cp. Nota...

Organisms can adjust their phenotype in response to changing environmental conditions. This phenomenon is termed phenotypic plasticity. Despite its ubiquitous occurrence, there has been very little study on the molecular mechanism of phenotypic plasticity. In this study, we isolated a rice (Oryza sativa L.) mutant, rice plasticity 1 (rpl1), that displayed increased environment-dependent phenotypic variations. RPL1 was expressed in all tissues examined. The protein was localized in the nucleus and its distribution in the nucleus overlapped with heterochromatin. The rpl1 mutation led to an increase in DNA methylation on repetitive sequences and a decrease in overall histone acetylation. In addition, the mutation affected responses of the rice plant to phytohormones such as brassinosteroid, gibberellin, and cytokinin. Analysis of the putative rice brassinosteroid receptor OsBRI1, a key hormone signaling gene, indicated that RPL1 may be involved in the regulation of epigenomic modification of the gene. These data suggest that RPL1 regulated phenotypic plasticity likely through its involvement in epigenetic processes affecting responses of the plant to phytohormones.

Background: The management of cancer-related anorexia/cachexia syndrome (CACS) is a great challenge in clinical practice. To date, practice guidelines for the prevention and treatment of CACS are lacking. The authors conducted a randomized study to confirm the effectiveness and safety of treatment of CACS utilizing megestrol acetate (MA) plus thalidomide. Methods: One hundred and two candidates with CACS were randomly assigned to two treatment groups (trial group and control group): the trial group received MA (160 mg po, bid) plus thalidomide (50 mg po, bid), while the control group received MA (160 mg po, bid) alone. Treatment duration was 8 weeks. Results: Analysis of the trial group demonstrated a significant increase from baseline in body weight (Conclusion: A combination regimen of MA and thalidomide is more effective than MA alone in the treatment of CACS.

Self-assembly of CdCl2 and 1,2,4-triazole under hydrothermal condition yields a novel three-dimensional coordination polymer, namely {[Cd8Cl4(Trz)12(H2O)]·2H2O}n (1) (Trz = 1,2,4-triazole). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction reveals that four of the five independent Cd centers are linked by two μ2-Cl and two μ3-Cl atoms to form novel heptanuclear [Cd7Cl4] clusters, which are connected by the bridging water molecules to generate an unprecedented 1D castellated inorganic chain. Furthermore, the fifth unique Cd center and the castellated Cd–Cl–O chain are joint to each other via six different μ3-Trz ligands to give a 3D organic–inorganic hybrid framework of 1.

Caspase-dependent apoptosis is considered one of the most important cell death pathways. When the apoptotic process is blocked, a form of programmed necrosis called necroptosis occurs. Apoptosis and necroptosis may share some regulatory mechanisms. Recent studies indicated that receptor interacting protein 1 (RIP1), an Hsp90-associated kinase, is an important regulatory switch between apoptosis and necroptosis. In this study, we showed that oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) combined with a caspase inhibitor zVAD (OGD/zVAD)-induced RIP1 protein expression in a time-dependent manner. We found that geldanamycin (GA), a benzoquinone ansamycin, protected against neuronal injury induced by OGD/zVAD treatment in cultured primary neurons. More importantly, GA decreased RIP1 protein level in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. In this study, we found that GA also decreased the Hsp90 protein level, which caused instability of RIP1 protein, resulting in decreased RIP1 protein level but not RIP1 mRNA level after GA treatment. We concluded that the GA-mediated protection against OGD/zVAD-induced neuronal injury was associated with enhanced RIP1 protein instability by decreasing Hsp90 protein level. GA and its derivatives may be promising for the prevention of neuronal injury during ischemic injury.

On the basis of the n-acenes (n = 1, 2, 3 and 4), the α-Li@n-acenes and β-Li@n-acenes salts were selected to investigate how increasing the number n of conjugated benzenoid rings affects the linear and nonlinear optical responses. The α-Li@n-acenes and β-Li@n-acenes salts are obtained by a lithium atom substituting the α-H and β-H, respectively. In the present work, both ab initio (HF and MP2) and DFT (B3LYP, BhandHLYP, M05-2X, and CAM-B3LYP) methods are adopted to calculate the polarizability (α(0)) and first hyperpolarizability (β(tot)) of the α-Li@n-acenes and β-Li@n-acenes salts. MP2 results show that the α(0) values of both classes of lithium salts increase with increasing number n of conjugated benzenoid rings. Interestingly, we found that the β(tot) values of α-Li@n-acenes and β-Li@n-acenes salts take on opposite trends: the β(tot) values of α-Li@n-acenes are decreasing slowly (2187 for α-Li@benzene1978 for α-Li@naphthalene1898 for α-Li@anthrecene1830 au for α-Li@tetracene) and inceasing remarkably (2738 for β-Li@naphthalene3186 for β-Li@anthrecene3314 au for β-Li@tetracene) for β-Li@n-acenes. Furthermore, we found that the β(tot) values (2738-3314 au) of the β-Li@n-acenes are larger than those of the α-Li@n-acenes (1830-2187 au). On the other hand, comparing the results of different methods, the β(tot) values obtained by the M05-2X and CAM-B3LYP methods reproduce the polarizability and first hyperpolarizability of the α-Li@n-acenes and β-Li@n-acenes salts well, which test and verify the results of the MP2 method. Our present work may be beneficial to development of high-performance organic NLO optical materials.

Mesophase pitch based carbon foam (MPCF) covered with a layer of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) was prepared as catalyst support for gas phase catalytic reactions. Owing to the CNF layer, the specific surface area of MPCF increases from 40 to 198 m 2 /g. This kind of catalyst support plays an important role in the enhancement of mass/heat transfer due to the large external surface area, high porosity and high thermal conductivity. When selective catalytic NO reduction was taken as a model reaction, more than 90% NO conversion could be achieved in a wide temperature range of 180–220 °C over MnO x –CeO 2 /MPCF–CNF catalyst.

Development of fluorescent probes for Hg(2+) has become a hot topic in modern chemical research due to its high toxicity. In this paper, we for the first time report the synthesis and application of a thioether spirocyclic rhodamine B derivative (TR) as an efficient fluorescent probe for Hg(2+). TR was synthesized using a simple procedure under mild condition. By employing a thioether spirocycle instead of classic spirolactam as recognition unit, our proposed probe TR is acidity-insensitive, and exhibits a pH-independent and ultrasensitive response to Hg(2+). The probe works well within a wide pH range from 3.5 to 11.5, and exhibits a 350-fold fluorescence enhancement upon 0.5 equiv of Hg(2+) triggered, with a detection limit of 2.5 nM estimated for Hg(2+). In virtue of the strong thiophilic characteristic of Hg(2+), the response of the probe to Hg(2+) is instantaneous and highly selective, which make it favorable for cellular Hg(2+) imaging applications. It has been preliminarily used for highly sensitive monitoring of Hg(2+) level in living cells with satisfying resolution, demonstrating its value of the practical applications in biological systems.

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) strategy has been widely applied in designing ratiometric probes for bioimaging applications. Unfortunately, for FRET systems, sufficiently large spectral overlap is necessary between the donor emission and the acceptor absorption, which would limit the resolution of double-channel images. The through-bond energy transfer (TBET) system does not need spectral overlap between donor and acceptor and could afford large wavelength difference between the two emissions with improved imaging resolution and higher energy transfer efficiency than that of the classical FRET system. It seems to be more favorable for designing ratiometric probes for bioimaging applications. In this paper, we have designed and synthesized a coumarin-rhodamine (CR) TBET system and demonstrated that TBET is a convenient strategy to design an efficient ratiometric fluorescent bioimaging probe for metal ions. Such TBET strategy is also universal, since no spectral overlap between the donor and the acceptor is necessary, and many more dye pairs than that of FRET could be chosen for probe design. As a proof-of-concept, Hg(2+) was chosen as a model metal ion. By combining TBET strategy with dual-switch design, the proposed sensing platform shows two well-separated emission peaks with a wavelength difference of 110 nm, high energy transfer efficiency, and a large signal-to-background ratio, which affords a high sensitivity for the probe with a detection limit of 7 nM for Hg(2+). Moreover, by employing an Hg(2+)-promoted desulfurization reaction as recognition unit, the probe also shows a high selectivity to Hg(2+). All these unique features make it particularly favorable for ratiometric Hg(2+) sensing and bioimaging applications. It has been preliminarily used for a ratiometric image of Hg(2+) in living cells and practical detection of Hg(2+) in river water samples with satisfying results.

To evaluate the outcome and indication of the reconstruction of oral and maxillofacial postoperative defects by submental artery island myocutaneous flaps.Sixty eight cases with the reconstruction of oral and maxillofacial defects by submental artery island myocutaneous flaps from January 2006 to May 2010 were analysed retrospectively. Primary lesions included carcinomas originating from tongue (28 cases), palate (13 cases), mouth floor (9 cases), gingiva (4 cases), buccal mucosa (6 cases), lip (3 cases), and other malignant or benign tumors (5 cases). The ages ranged from 25 to 84 years (mean 58 years); 47 males and 21 females. The sizes of skin paddle varied from a minimum of 4 cm × 4 cm to a maximum of 15 cm × 10 cm.Of the 68 flaps, 62 were survival, 4 had partial necrosis but healed with treatments, and 2 failed due to complete necrosis. Appearance and functions of recipient sites were satisfactory. The followed-up time was 3 - 24 months, local recurrence occurred in 5 cases and cervical lymph node metastases were found in 15 patients.Submental island flap is reliable for the reconstruction of postoperative defects in early oral cancer without regional lymph node metastasis or in benign tumor.

The new coordination polymer {[Cd8Cl4(trz)12(H2O)] ·2H2O}n (trz: 1,2,4-triazole) is synthesized from CdCl2, trz, malonic acid, and NaOH under hydrothermal conditions (autoclave, 160 °C, 5 d, 51% yield).

To investigate and compare the effect of different heat treatment on the metal- ceramic bonding strength and the interfacial microstructure of the Co-Cr alloy.Thirty specimens were made according to ISO 9693,and then divided into 3 groups (n=10) through the measurements .Group A(degassed 60s):degassed and then maintained 60s in 980 degrees centigrade Group B(degassed 60s and preoxidation 60s): degassed and maintained 60s in 980 degrees centigrade, then were maintained continuously for 60s in 980 degrees centigrade after re-gassed,Group C(degassed 120s): degassed and maintained 120s in 980 degrees centigrade. The bonding strengths of the three groups were evaluated through three point bending test. Six specimens divided into 3 group were made in the same method to observe the metal-ceramic interface through scanning electronic microscope(SEM) and energy dispersive spectrum(EDS).The bonding strength data were analyzed using ANOVA and Bonferroni's test by SPSS13.0 software package.The mean value of bonding strength was (39.03±2.70)MPa for group A, (34.43±2.36)MPa for group B, (31.65±1.49)MPa for group C, respectively. There were significant difference between every two groups (P0.05). SEM demonstrated that the width of interfacial transition layer was 12.3-16.4μm in group A, 15.2-21.8μm in group B and 26.3-32.2μm in group C.Higher metal-ceramic bonding strength for Co-Cr alloy will be formed under the situation of degassed,and maintained 60s in 980 degrees centigrade ; while extending degassed time, prolonging the heat maintained time and preoxidation after degassing will reduce metal-ceramic bonding strength.

Caspase-dependent apoptosis is considered one of the most important cell death pathways. When the apoptotic process is blocked, a form of programmed necrosis called necroptosis occurs. Apoptosis and necroptosis may share some regulatory mechanisms. Recent studies indicated that receptor interacting protein 1 (RIP1), an Hsp90-associated kinase, is an important regulatory switch between apoptosis and necroptosis. In this study, we showed that oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) combined with a caspase inhibitor zVAD (OGD/zVAD)-induced RIP1 protein expression in a time-dependent manner. We found that geldanamycin (GA), a benzoquinone ansamycin, protected against neuronal injury induced by OGD/zVAD treatment in cultured primary neurons. More importantly, GA decreased RIP1 protein level in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. In this study, we found that GA also decreased the Hsp90 protein level, which caused instability of RIP1 protein, resulting in decreased RIP1 protein level but not RIP1 mRNA level after GA treatment. We concluded that the GA-mediated protection against OGD/zVAD-induced neuronal injury was associated with enhanced RIP1 protein instability by decreasing Hsp90 protein level. GA and its derivatives may be promising for the prevention of neuronal injury during ischemic injury.

To compare the effect of rh-endostatin on micrangium in tumor and myocardial tissue in nude mice.Nude mice were randomized into 4 groups (10 mice in each group), blank control group (without tumor burden, received NS 100 µl×d(-1) injection), drug control group (without tumor burden, received rh-endostatin 400 µg×d(-1) injection), model group (with tumor burden, received NS 100 µl×d(-1) injection) and treatment group (with tumor burden, received rh-endostatin 400 µg×d(-1) injection) for 28 days. The tumor volume and body weight of the mice were measured before and after administration. The expression of CD34, MMP-2, MMP-9, HIF-1α and VEGF in the myocardium and tumor were detected by immunohistochemistry. The vascular structure was observed by immunoenzymatic CD34 and Masson double staining.The increase of tumor volume of the treatment group [(48.18 ± 37.31) mm(3)] was significantly lower than that in the model group [(113.80 ± 73.27) mm(3)). The changes of body weight was not significant different among the four groups. After treated with rh-endostatin, the expressions of MMP-9 and VEGF in tumors were significantly down-regulated, but the expressions of MMP-2 and HIF-1α in the tumor were not. The microvessel density (MVD) in the tumors of treatment group was significantly decreased compared with that of model group. The proportion of tumor vessels covered by collagen in the treatment group was increased compared with that of the model group. However, MVD and micrangium in myocardium were not changed significantly.Rh-endostatin can decrease the expression of MMP-9, VEGF and MVD, inhibit the tumor growth and normalize tumor micrangium in tumor but not weaken the MMPs and MVD of mature micrangium in myocadium.

Platinum-based chemotherapy remains the main treatment of advanced lung cancer. However, platinum resistance has become a major treatment obstacle. Novel therapies, particularly tyrosine kinase inhibitors of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR-TKI) and agents that target vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), have improved the treatment. Both chemotherapy and targeted therapy have their molecular mechanisms. This study aimed to determine the mutation, amplification, or expression status and interrelationships of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), K-Ras proto-oncogene, excision repair cross-complementation group 1 (ERCC1), and VEGF genes as well as their correlations to prognosis of large cell lung carcinoma (LCLC) after EGFR-targeted therapy, chemotherapy, and anti-VEGF therapy. EGFR and K-Ras mutations in 60 specimens of LCLC were detected by direct DNA sequencing. EGFR, ERCC1, and VEGF protein expression was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). EGFR gene copy number was detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). One (1.7%) patient had an EGFR L858M point mutation in exon 21, 3 (5.0%) had K-Ras mutations, and 10 (19.6%) had EGFR amplification (FISH positive). Positive rates of EGFR, ERCC1, and VEGF proteins were 38.3%, 56.7%, and 70.0%, respectively. EGFR amplification was positively correlated to EGFR protein expression (r = 0.390, P = 0.005). The positive rate of VEGF protein was significantly higher in patients with lymph node metastasis than in those without (84.6% vs. 58.8%, P = 0.046). No significant correlations were observed among the EGFR, K-Ras, ERCC1, and VEGF genes. EGFR gene amplification and the low rate of EGFR mutation suggest that patients with LCLC are likely to obtain little benefit from anti-EGFR therapies.

The aim of this study was to explore the clinical characteristics and analyze the prognostic factors of large cell lung cancer (LCLC).The clinical data of 111 LCLC cases were collected and retrospectively analyzed. The prognostic factors were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses.Among the 111 cases, the lesions were in the right lung of 53 patients and 26 of them were located in the superior lobe. The lesions were in the left lung of 58 cases, and 35 of them were in the superior lobe. The lesions were presented as central in 36 cases and peripheral in 75 cases, with a mean diameter of 5.3 cm. All the 111 patients were diagnosed as stage I in 38 cases, stage II in 11 cases, stage III in 45 and stage IV in 17 cases. 60 patients had lymph node metastasis and 17 cases had distant metastasis. The overall 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates of the LCLC were 54.7%, 30.9% and 20.6%, respectively. Cox univariate analysis revealed that TNM stage (P = 0.000), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.000) and M stage (P = 0.000) are prognostic factors. Cox multivariate analysis indicated that TNM stage (P = 0.000) is an independent prognostic factor.The prognosis of LCLC is worse than other types of non-small cell lung cancer. Complete surgical resection remains the main therapeutic approach. TNM stage is an independent prognostic factor.