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One of the most cultivated agricultural plants is certainly wheat, which is dominantly used for human nutrition in all parts of the world. The irrational use of large amounts of pesticides and mineral fertilizers negatively affects the quality of agricultural land, the environment, the quality of food and human health. The development of new cultivation technologies and the increasing use of microbiological preparations can have a positive impact on the environment. In accordance with world trends, requirements are set for agricultural production aimed at reducing synthetic agents in order to preserve the environment, produce health-safe and economically profitable food. With the development of new cultivation technologies, where the emphasis is on the reduced use of mineral fertilizers in the production of wheat, the application of microbiological fertilizers is becoming more frequent. As material for research in 2016 and 2018, two varieties of wheat selected in domestic institutions and two varieties in French selection houses were used. The varieties used for the research are: PKB Ratarica, Pobeda, Nogal and Apache. The experiment was conducted on the experimental plots of the Institute for Agro-Economics PKB in Padinska Skela. Before sowing wheat, 400 kg ha-1 NPK formulation 15:15:15 was applied to the soil. In the spring sowing of wheat, UREA 46% N was used in different amounts according to the treatments. A microbiological preparation with effective microorganisms was used as supplement. The results of the research showed that wheat had the best yield in the T3 treatment with an average yield of 6.47 t ha-1. The aim of the research is to determine the significant influence of different amounts of mineral and microbiological fertilizers on the production properties as well as on the chemical properties of the grains in different genotypes of wheat.

Drought is one of the main consequences of climate change, which negatively affects the growth and development of plants, leading to a reduction in yields. The aim of the work is to analyze the yield of corn in Serbia in the period 2015-2023 depending on changes in agrometeorological factors. By monitoring temperature and precipitation parameters from the website of the Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia, it was concluded that the air temperature for the examined period is increasing, while the total monthly amount of precipitation shows a large deficit. The examined parameters were recorded in the summer months, which was reflected in the yield, which for the examined period was significantly lower than the genetic fertility potential (6.39 t ha-1). The highest grain yields were in the years in which rain fell significantly more than optimal in June.

Pored prirodne komponente ţivotne sredine kao što je geomagnetno polje Zemlje, kome je izloţen celokupni ţivi svet, sve veći uticaj imaju tehnološke inovacije primene magnentih polja razliĉitih frekvencija i njegovo delovanje na organizme. Višegodišnje istraţivanje (2013-2017) je sprovedeno u laboratorijskim uslovima Instituta za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, kako bi se istraţio uticaj stimulacije semena sa pulsirajućim elektromagnentim poljem (PEMF) na procenat klijavosti zrna soje sorte Valjevka. Varijante stimulacije su bile kombinacije razliĉitih frekvencija 16, 24, 30 i 72 Hz u trajanju od 0 (kontrola), 30, 60 i 90 minuta. Dobijeni rezultati su pokazali da je stimulacija semena statistiĉki visoko znaĉajno uticala na klijavost semena., In addition to the natural component of the environment, such as the Earth's geomagnetic field, to which the entire living world is exposed, technological innovations in the application of magnetic fields of different frequencies and its effect on organisms have an increasing influence. A multi-year study (2013-2017) was conducted in the laboratory conditions of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, in order to investigate the influence of stimulation of seeds with a pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) on the germination percentage of soybeans of the Valjevka variety. Stimulation variants were combinations of different frequencies 16, 24, 30 and 72 Hz for 0 (control), 30, 60 and 90 minutes. The obtained results showed that seed stimulation had a statistically significant effect on seed germination.

Soybean as a member of the legume family has a high economic value, thanks to the high protein and oil content of the seed. In addition, its importance is evidenced by its breeding potential and symbiosis with nodulating bacteria, which facilitates production in increasingly extreme climatic conditions and degraded soil conditions. Considering the need to search for optimal solutions in the production of this legume, in order to achieve high yields and grain quality, research was conducted to determine the effect of applying a microbiological preparation containing effective microorganisms on the yield, and protein and oil content of soybeans. Research was conducted in the period 2016–2018 (factor A), on 6 different soybean genotypes belonging to different ripening groups: 0 (Galina and Valjevka), I (Sava and NS Apolo) and II (Rubin and NS Zita) (factor B), and under fertilization treatments: F0 – control, F1 – NPK fertilizer, and F2 – NPK + microbiological preparation (incorporated into the soil and two foliar treatments) (factor C). It was shown that the application of NPK fertilization treatment in combination with effective microorganisms was the most beneficial for all investigated parameters, with a high statistical significance. This treatment increased yield by 15.67%, protein content by 0.34% and oil content by 0.47% compared to the control. The additional importance of this research is the simultaneous positive impact on protein and oil contents in soybeans, given that they are generally negatively correlated., Soja kao član porodice mahunarki ima visoku ekonomsku vrednost, zahvaljujući visokom sadržaju proteina i sadržaju ulja u semenu. Osim toga, njen značaj se ogleda u mogućnosti oplemenjivanja sorti i simbiozi sa kvržičnim bakterijama, te je olakšana proizvodnja u sve ekstremnijim klimatskim uslovima i degradiranim zemljišnim uslovima. S obzirom na potrebu traženja optimalnih rešenja u proizvodnji ove mahunarke, u cilju postizanja visokih prinosa i kvaliteta zrna, sprovedena su istraživanja kako bi se utvrdio efekat primene mikrobiološkog preparata sa efektivnim mikroorganizmima na prinos i sadržaj proteina i ulja u zrnu soje. Istraživanja su sprovedena u periodu 2016–2018 (faktor A), na 6 različitih genotipova soje različitih grupa zrenja: 0 (Galina i Valjevka), I (Sava i NS Apolo) i II (Rubin i NS Zita) (faktor B) i tretmanima đubrenja: F0 – kontrola, F1 – NPK đubrivo i F2 – NPK + mikrobiološki preparat (inkorporiran u zemljište i dva folijarna tretmana) (faktor C). Pokazalo se da je primena tretmana NPK đubrenja u kombinaciji sa efektivnim mikroorganizmima bila najkorisnija za sve ispitivane parametre, sa visokom statističkom značajnošću. Ovaj tretman je uticao na povećanje prinosa za 15,67%, sadržaja proteina za 0,34% i sadržaja ulja za 0,47% u odnosu na kontrolu. Dodatni značaj ovog istraživanja je istovremeni pozitivan uticaj na sadržaj proteina i ulja u zrnu soje, s obzirom na to da su oni generalno u negativnoj korelaciji.

The aim of the research was to determine the effect of the application of effective microorganisms (EM) on the basic microbiological parameters of soil biogenicity and the height of soybean yield. The research was conducted in the period from 2016-2018 (Factor A). Factor B soybean genotype Galina, Sava, Rubin and factor C application of EM: variant 1 - control, variant 2 - EM in the soil 20 lha-1 and foliar treatment in the phase of plant development from three to four trefoils and the budonization phase, (5 lha-1); variant 3 - NPK fertilizer (8:15:15), 300 kgha-1, and variant 4 - EM in the soil 20 lha-1 and foliar treatments in the stage of plant development from three to four trefoils and the budonization stage + NPK of 300 kgha-1. During full flowering, the basic parameters of soil biogenicity, the total number of microorganisms (TNB), the number of azotobacter (AZB) and actinomycetes (ACT) were determined. At the end of the growing season, the grain yield was measured. The results showed that all the factors had a very significant effect on all the examined traits. Application of EM had a significant impact on all investigated parameters. The parameters of soil biogenicity in Variant 4 EM+NPK were statistically significantly (p<0.01) higher than the control and Variant 2 and 3. In the rhizosphere of the Rubin genotype, the highest number of all tested parameters was determined. The variety Rubin had the highest grain yield of 4105.03 kgha-1. Variant 2 with EM increased the yield by 13.29% compared to the control, which was at the level (p<0.05), and with the application of EM+NPK variant 4, the yield was higher by 15.95%, which was at the (p<0.01) level of significance.

Radi postizanja visokih i stabilnih prinosa soje u različitim godinama mora se pristupiti sortnoj agrotehnici i izvršiti pravilnu rejonizaciju sorti soje. Cilj ovoga rada je sagledavanje prinosa, sadržaja proteinai ulja, kao i prinosa proteina i ulja po jedinici površine šest NS sorti soje na šest lokaliteta u 2023. godini. Sorta soje NS Atlas ostvarila je najviši prinos zrna (3.249 kgha-1), sorte NS Maximus i NS Apolo najviši saržaj proteina (39,8%), a sorta NS Atlas najviši sadržaj ulja (23,6%), dok je najviši prinos proteina (1.276 kgha-1) i ulja po jedinici površine (765 kgha-1) ostvaren sa sortom soje NS Atlas., To achieve high and stable soybean yields in different years, varietal agrotechnics must be applied and proper rezoning of soybean varieties must be carried out. The aim of this work is to analyze the yield, protein, and oil content, as well as protein and oil yield per unit area of six NS soybean varieties at six localities in 2023. The NS Atlas soybean variety achieved the highest grain yield (3,249 kgha-1), the NS Maximus and NS Apolo varieties had the highest protein content (39,8%), and the NS Atlas variety had the highest oil content (23.6%), while the highest yield of protein (1,276 kgha-1) and oil per unit area (765 kgha-1) achieved with the NS Atlas soybean variety.

Vodeni ekstrakti od biljnog materijala sadrze makroelemente i mikroelemente, kao i različite fiziološki aktivne materije koje imaju pozitivan uticaj na prinos i kvalitet zrna soje. Folijarna primena vodenog ekstrakta od ploda đumbira povećala je prinos soje za 23,9%, sadržaj proteina za 2,3%, smanjila sadržaj ulja za 0,9%, povećala prinos proteina za 26,8% i prinos ulja za 23,0%, dok je primena vodenog ekstrakta od ploda nara povećala sadržaj ulja u zrnu soje za 1,5%., Aqueous extracts from plant material contain macroelements and microelements, as well as various physiologically active substances that have a positive effect on the yield and quality of soybeans. Foliar application of aqueous extract of ginger fruit increased soybean yield by 23.9%, protein content by 2.3%, decreased oil content by 0.9%, increased protein yield by 26.8% and oil yield by 23.0%, while the application of water extract from pomegranate fruit increased the oil content in soybeans by 1.5%.

Colorado potato beetle (CPB) is an extraordinary example of pest resistance to insecticides. It is proved that increased activity of CPB’s ALiE / carboxylesterase is closely related to resistance to organophosphate insecticides. ALiE activity of diferent populations was tested, using spectrophotometry. The frequencies of ALiE activity of individual larvae were similar to the binomial distribution. For more resistant populations to organophosphates, the whole graph is shifted to the area with higher enzyme activity. Consequently, individuals with lower ALiE activity disappear from the population while individuals with higher activity appear more frequently. The analysis of single larvae ALiE activity showed a fairly high homogeneity of the examined populations, except for the population Kaona. Examination of single insect ALiE activity is viable and provides insight into the population, which is important for further genetic testing.

Due to the pronounced food needs of the growing population, inputs in agricultural production in the form of fertilizers, pesticides and mechanization of agriculture have increased, which has led to higher yields, but also numerous problems in the environment. Although agriculture is highly dependent on climate conditions, it also has a significant role in changing them. All of this has influenced the introduction of measures to replace chemical inputs and protect the health of people and ecosystems. One of the measures is the introduction of different microbiological products into the production technology. In order to test the effect of effective microorganisms in the preparation (EM Aktiv (trade name) on the characteristic bioactive substances of certain plant species, research was conducted on different genotypes: lettuce on the total antioxidant potential and vitamin C, wheat on the grain protein content and corn on the nitrogen content. Research has been carried out for many years in different agro-climatic conditions. Using preparations with effective microorganisms, it is possible to increase the content of biologically active substances in agricultural and vegetable crops and alleviate the stress of plants in unfavorable agro-meteorological conditions.

Common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a crop predominantly used in food and feeds. Modern agricultural production implies rather an irrational use of large amounts of pesticide and mineral fertilizers, significantly diminishing the quality of agricultural land, and negatively affecting the environment, food quality and human health. In order to diminish adverse effects of intensive agricultural production, farmers around the world incline to an increased use of microorganisms to reduce the use of mineral fertilizers and pesticides to some extent. Agricultural production is facing certain requirements to reduce chemical inputs in order to protect the environment, produce safe and profitable food. This situation is additionally aggravated by climate changes that require many practices to adapt accordingly. The experimental research was carried out during 2016-2019 at the “PKB Agroekonomik” Institute. Field operations were done with typical agricultural practices, and four variants of fertilization were set up. Prior to sowing, 400 kg ha-1 NPK 15:15:15 was applied. Different rates of UREA 46% N were used in spring top-dressing of the crops. Aside of mineral fertilizer, microbiological products with active microorganisms were also used for topdressing. Two wheat varieties – Ratarica and Pobeda were used. The goal of the research was to determine the impact of different rates of fertilizer and microbiological products on productive and morphological properties of wheat.

Agriculture has managed to produce enough food for the accelerated population growth, which has led to environmental transformation and increasingly intensive exploitation of both renewable and non-renewable natural resources. The use of synthetic plant protection agents and fertilizers can lead to negative consequences in food production. Identification of agricultural food production systems is gaining importance in order to protect human health and the environment. Interest in the cultivation of certain plant species with an innovative approach to cultivation and technology has grown significantly. Organic and integrated agriculture implies the use of natural products while limiting or completely eliminating the use of synthetic resources. Knowledge of the mineral composition in tomato samples can be used as a potent tool in the identification of chemical markers as potential indicators of the farming system. The goal of the research is to determine the impact of different production systems on the content of macroelements in the fruits of different types of tomatoes.

The aim of this study was to determine the grain protein content of wheat varieties grown under different application rates of effective microorganisms (EM) and nitrogen, and two sowing rates. Three-year research was conducted at the experimental filed of the Scientific Institute PKB Agroekonomik Padinska Skela, using four varieties of wheat (Ratarica, Pobeda, Nogal and Apache), two sowing densities of 400 and 500 seeds/m2 and T1 fertilization (150 kg/ha N); T2 (150 kg/ha N + one foliar treatment, T3 (100 kg/ha N + two foliar treatments), and T4 (50 kg/ha N + three foliar treatments). The preparation EM Aktiv 7 l/ha, a mixture of multiple selected microorganisms, was used for foliar treatment with EM. The average protein content was 13.95% and was statistically significantly dependent on the variety, fertilization, and their interaction p<0.01. The Ratarica and Pobeda varieties had the highest grain protein content. T3 treatment had the greatest impact on grain protein content in all three years of research, by using effective microorganisms, the level of protein in the grain can be maintained when the amount of nitrogen is reduced.

One of the latest environmentally friendly methods in soybean production technology is the pulsed electromagnetic field of low frequencies (PEMP). The paper presents the results of the influence of electromagnetic stimulation of soybean seeds on grain yield, protein and oil yield, depending on different agroclimatic conditions, exposure time and frequency. In the 2012–2017 research period, the soybean cv. Valjevka was used in the Institute of Field and Vegetable Agriculture experimental field, Novi Sad, Serbia. Immediately before sowing, the seeds were subjected to PEMP treatment, with a pulse generator and a tape applicator, in the following variants: electromagnetic field frequencies of 16, 24 and 30 Hz, and exposure time of 0, 30 and 60 min. The most successful variant of seed stimulation for all three examined parameters was at 16 Hz and 30 min, where the research results show that this measure can increase the examined parameters by more than 10%. The average yield of grain for all years of research with seed stimulation was 4.85% (3 338 kg/ha) compared to the control (3 203 kg/ha). The average grain protein yield in the treatments with PEMP was 1 315 kg/ha, which was 4.26% higher compared to the variant without PEMP (1 260 kg/ha), and the treatment was 4% higher in the average oil yield, 703 kg/ha compared to the control 676 kg/ha. Also, the analysis of the mutual dependence of the indicators is in a positive correlation, which is essential for plant breeding and the development of new technologies, which have economic justification, are safe for use and have a positive impact on adverse effects such as drought.

Primena đubriva uslov je ostvarivanju visoke i stabilne, ekonomski opravdane proizvodnje soje. Samostalna primena NPK đubriva, kao i kombinovana primena NPK đubriva sa amonijum nitratom ili folijarnim tretmanom doprinosi povećanju prinosa soje, povećanju sadržaja proteina u zrnu, kao i prinosa proteina i ulja po jedinici površine, a kombinacija NPK đubriva, amonijum nitrata i folijarni tretman biljaka daje najbolje efekte., The use of fertilizers is a condition for achieving high and stable, economically justified soybean production. NPK fertilizer application alone, as well as combined application of NPK fertilizer with ammonium nitrate or foliar treatment contributes to soybean yield enhancement, the increase of grain protein content, as well as protein and oil yield per area unit, and the combination of NPK fertilizers, ammonium nitrate and plant foliar treatment gives the best effects.

In modern directions of food production, it is necessary to apply measures that would reduce the possibility of soil degradation. The aim of the work was to determine the influence of effective microorganisms on the basic parameters of soil biogenicity in the production of wheat and corn. The experiment with wheat was carried out in 2019 and the experiment with maize in 2017. Agroecological conditions in 2019 were optimal for wheat production. In 2017, unfavorable agrometeorological conditions for maize production were recorded. In both experiments, the microbiological preparation EM Aktiv with effective microorganisms was used. With wheat, it was applied twice foliarly with 6 l ha-1 . In the case of maize, EM Aktiv was introduced into the soil before sowing at 20 l ha-1 and foliarly applied twice at 6 l ha-1. The rhizosphere soil was analyzed. The total number of microorganisms and the abundance of Azotobacter in wheat were determined. In the case of corn, the total number of microorganisms and the number of ammonifiers were determined. In both experiments, an increase in the number of tested groups of microorganisms was found. The percentage increase in abundance depended on the genotype of wheat and corn. Based on the results, it was concluded that the application of effective microorganisms is necessary and that in sustainable food production systems it should be a mandatory measure to preserve the basic resources for food production.

Interest in production of protected crops has grown significantly over the past decade. Different cultivation systems (conventional, integral, and organic) affect the biological activity, which is ultimately reflected in the high quality of the fruits of different vegetable crops. In accordance with the requirements for health-safe products without residues of harmful substances in fruits, there is an increasing need for the production of tomatoes in integral and organic production systems. One of the most important features of these vegetables is their high quality and health safety, high nutritional and biological value. Agricultural production systems and growing practices are critical factors in determining the nutritional quality of tomato fruits [1]. In tomato, the sugar content is one of the important factors and one of the most significant parameters from the aspect of food quality [1]. Therefore, the aim of this work is to monitor fluctuations in sugars content, as parameters that determine the nutritional value in tomato cultivars, induced by growing under integral and organic conditions. For this purpose, a set of sixteen samples of four types of tomatoes - beef, grapolo, mini and midi plum, and cherry - was analyzed. Each type of tomato included two varieties, grown in two agricultural systems - integral and organic. The sugars profile was obtained using High-Performance Anion Exchange Chromatography with Pulsed Amperometric Detection (HPAECPAD). The content of eleven sugar components was determined. Fructose and glucose were the major sugar compounds [2], while the sugar microcomponents were trehalose, arabinose, melibiose, sucrose, isomaltose, gentiobiose, raffinose, maltose, and panose. The results showed differences between samples produced in integral and organic growing systems, primarily in microsugar components. Higher content of trehalose and melibiose was found in samples obtained from organic production. Fig.1. Principal Component Analysis (A)

Primena đubriva uslov je ostvarivanju visoke i stabilne, ekonomski opravdane proizvodnje soje. Samostalna primena NPK đubriva, kao i kombinovana primena NPK đubriva sa amonijum nitratom ili folijarnim tretmanom doprinosi povećanju prinosa soje, povećanju sadržaja proteina u zrnu, kao i prinosa proteina i ulja po jedinici površine, a kombinacija NPK đubriva, amonijum nitrata i folijarni tretman biljaka daje najbolje efekte., The use of fertilizers is a condition for achieving high and stable, economically justified soybean production. NPK fertilizer application alone, as well as combined application of NPK fertilizer with ammonium nitrate or foliar treatment contributes to soybean yield enhancement, the increase of grain protein content, as well as protein and oil yield per area unit, and the combination of NPK fertilizers, ammonium nitrate and plant foliar treatment gives the best effects.

The identification of agricultural food production systems has gained importance in order to protect both human health and the environment. The importance of organic production system of agriculture which involves the application of natural processes and substances, and limits or completely eliminates the use of synthesized means is emphasized. Knowledge of the mineral composition in tomato samples can be used as a potent tool in the identification of chemical markers as potential indicators of the farming system. A set of tomato samples taken from two factorial randomized trials were comprehended eight different varieties, belonging to four tomato types: large—BEEF and CLUSTER, and mini and midi—CHERRY and PLUM tomatoes, cultivated under two different farming systems: integral (IPM) and organic (O) were characterized based on the composition of the minerals. A total of 44 elements were quantified. To establish criteria for the classification of the samples and confirm a unique set of parameters of variation among the types of production, sophisticated chemometric techniques were used. The results indicate that the accumulation of elements varies between 8 tomato varieties and 2 different growing systems. The contents of Al, Mn, As, Pb, and some of the rare-earth elements (REEs) are able to distinguish between production types. Examination of different hybrids, which belong to different types in two production systems: organic and integral within Zeleni hit (official Enza and Vitalis trial and breeding station), was done with the aim of reaching a methodology of diversification, ie complete traceability of organic production, and to contribute to distinguishing types of agricultural systems and enhancing the possibility of acquiring a valuable authenticity factor about the type of agricultural production system employed for the cultivation of tomatoes.

The aim of this study was to determine the protein content of wheat grain in a sustainable production method. The research was conducted at the Scientific Institute PKB Agroekonomik Padinska Skela (2017-2019) with four varieties of wheat (Ratarica, Pobeda, Nogal and Apache) in densities of 400 and 500 grains/m2. The basic fertilization was with 400 kg NPK/ha. Feeding was performed: T1 with 150 kgN/ha; T2 150 kgN/ha+1 foliar treatment with multiple inoculum T3 100 kgN/ha+2 foliar treatments and T4 50 kgN/ha+3 foliar treatments. The multiple preparation (EM Aktiv 6 l/ha) is a large group of effective microorganisms.

The aim of this study was to determine the influence foliar application of the microbiological preparation (EM Aktiv) with a mixture of different groups of microorganisms (on different genotypes of wheat in sustainable agricultural production on the weight of 1000 grains and grain yield.) The research was conducted in the period 2016/2017-2018/2019 (factor A) in the region of Vojvodina, Serbia, which includes four varieties of wheat (factor B). Factor C three variants of nitrogen are provided for wheat nutrition: 129, 106 and 83 kgˑha-1. During the vegetation, applications were performed with the microbiological preparation "EM Aktiv": F0 129 kgˑha-1 without EM, F1 129 kgˑha-1 + 1 x EM; F2 106 kgˑha-1 + 2 x EM; F3 83 kgˑha-1 + 3 x EM. At the end of the growing season, the weight of 1000 grains and the grain yield were measured. Factors A and B had an effect on the increase of the tested traits p<0.01. The highest values were recorded in 2018/2019. Factor C affected an increase in the weight of 1000 grains from 0.14% (F3) to 1.91% (F1). The differences in grain yield were significantly influenced by treatments (C) (p<0.05). The increase was from 1.91 % (F3) to 4.76 % (F1).

Visoki prinosi i stabilna proizvodnja soje pod direktnim su uticajem količine i dostupnosti hraniva biljkama. Cilj ovih istraživanja je ispitivanje uticaja NPK đubriva sa mikroelementima i efektivnih mikroorganizama na visinu biljaka kod tri sorte soje, različite grupe zrenja. Efektivni mikroorganizmi i NPK đubrivo sa mikroelementima statistički veoma značajno povećavaju visinu biljaka soje. NPK đubrivo sa mikroelementima povećalo je visinu biljaka za 1,92%, dok je kombinacija NPK đubriva sa mikroelementima i efektivnih mikroorganizama povećala visinu biljaka soje za 6,30%., High yields and stable soybean production are under direct influence of plant nutrient quantity and availability. The aim of this research was to examine the effect of NPK fertilizer with trace elements and effective microorganisms on the plant height of three soybean varieties which belong to different maturation groups. Effective microorganisms and NPK fertilizer with trace element statistically very significantly increase plant height. NPK fertilizer with trace elements increased the plant height by 1,92%, while the combination of NPK fertilizer with trace elements and effective microorganisms increase plant height by 6,30%.

Maize production is intensified with a larger amount of mineral fertilisers in the era of meteorological conditions change, which leads to a decrease in the reserves of microelements in the soil. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of zinc application on grain yield, nitrogen and carbon content in grain of three maize genotypes in the period 2016–2018 (factor A). Factor B: cultivars ZP 427, ZP 548 and ZP 687 belonging to different maturation groups. Factor C: Various zinc treatments were applied: T1 – control; T2 – 25 kg Zn2+/ha (35 g of ZnSO4 on the experimental plot) was introduced into the soil before sowing; T3 – seed treatment (0.129 g of ZnSO4 • 7 H2O) + foliar treatment (2 L/ha liquid fertiliser 7% Zn2+). The average yield for all examined variables was 7.33 t/ha. On average, T2 (8.08 t/ha) treatment showed a highly significant effect on the yield in relation to T1 (7.03 t/ha) and on T3 (7.21 t/ha). On average, the amount of nitrogen determined for all cultivars was the highest in T3 (1.52%). The highest carbon content was in T1 (41.78%), which is at the level of significance of P < 0.01 more than T2 (41.46%), while in relation to T3 (40.99%) there is no significance.

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of aqueous extracts of different plant species on the grain and protein yield of soybean. The testing was conducted at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad on the seeds of the NS Apolo variety. The aqueous extracts of the above-ground part of nettle, the above-ground part of nettle and comfrey, whole banana fruit, banana peel, onion bulbs leaves, the top parts of willow twigs and the top parts of soybean plants were foliarly applied. In addition to the untreated control variant, the experiment also included a distilled water control. Control with distilled water was to show whether the effect of aqueous plant extracts was due to plant material or just water. The results of the experiment showed that the use of aqueous extracts contributed to the increase in grain and protein yield. The increase in grain yield ranged from 9.48% to 15.34%, and the increase in protein yield from 9.31% to 16.16%. The best effect was achieved by applying the aqueous extract of the whole banana fruit and the aqueous extract of the mix of nettle and comfrey. By applying them each year, a significantly higher yield was achieved in relation to the control with distilled water., Cilj ovog rada je bio da se ispita uticaj vodenih biljnih ekstrakata na prinos zrna i proteina kod soje. Ispitivanje je obavljeno u Institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo u Novom Sadu na sorti NS Apolo. Za folijarnu primenu korišćeni su vodeni ekstrakti: nadzemnog dela koprive, nadzemnog dela koprive i gaveza, ceo plod banane, kora banane, listovi lukovice crnog luka, vršni delovi grančica vrbe i vršni delovi biljaka soje. Pored kontrolne varijante, eksperiment je uključivao i kontrolu – destilovanu vodu. Kontrola destilovanom vodom će pokazati da li je efekat vodenih biljnih ekstrakata posledica biljnog materijala ili vode. Rezultati analize su pokazali da je upotreba vodenih ekstrakata doprinela povećanju prinosa zrna i prinosa proteina. Povećanje prinosa kretalo se od 9,48% do 15,34%, a povećanje prinosa proteina od 9,31% do 16,16%. Najbolji efekat je postignut primenom vodenog ekstrakta celog ploda banane i vodenog ekstrakta koprive i gaveza. Njihovom primenom svake godine postignut je znatno veći prinos u odnosu na kontrolu vodom.

Soja je leguminoza sposobna da usvaja elementarni azot iz vazduha zahvaljujući simbiozi sa kvržičnim bakterijama. Inokulacija semena soje visokoefektivnim bakterijama povećava usvajanje azota i pozitivno deluje na ostvareni prinos. Cilj ovoga rada je sagledavanje uticaja primene NS Nitragina na prinos šest sorti soje različitih grupa zrenja. Inokulacija statistički veoma značajno povećava prinos soje, a povećanje se u proseku kretalo od 6,13% kod sorte NS Zoja do 8,49% kod sorte Sava., Soybeans are legumes capable of absorbing elemental nitrogen from the air thanks to symbiosis with symbiotic bacteria. Inoculation of soybean seeds with highly effective bacteria increases nitrogen uptake and has a positive effect on the achieved yield. The aim of this paper is to consider the effect of NS Nitragine application on the yield of six soybean cultivars of different maturation groups. Inoculation statistically significantly increased soybean yield, and the increase ranged from 6.13% in the cultivar NS Zoja to 8.49% in the cultivar Sava.