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Objectives: There are no studies related to the use of PRF associated with cyanoacrylates in fresh post-extraction sockets. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of ethyl-cyanoacrylate combined with PRF in fresh sockets of rabbits subjected to anticoagulant therapy. Methods: Twelve adults rabbits were selected and premedicated with heparin 1 week before surgery to induce and simulate anticoagulant therapy. Upper and lower first premolars on the right side were extracted and then were divided into four groups of three animals each, with the groups distributed according to the type of intervention in the sockets (n = 6): (1) clot and suture (control); (2) PRF and suture; (3) clot and ethyl-cyanoacrylate; (4) PRF and ethyl-cyanoacrylate. At 12 weeks, the animals were sacrificed and the sockets were analyzed histologically and quantitatively. Total bone area, inflammation infiltrate, and adhesive remnants were assessed. Results: No remnants of adhesive were found in the samples. Groups 1 and 2 showed the highest bone area (G1 = 37.87% ± 17.86; G2 = 30.31 ± 9.36) with significant differences to those treated with ethyl-cyanoacrylate adhesive (G3 = 26.6% ± 11.82; G4 = 24.29% ± 6.25). Conclusions: The groups that used ethyl-cyanoacrylate as a closure method in sockets exhibited less bone area than the groups that used sutures. Both groups that used PRF as therapy did not show a significant improvement in bone healing at 12 weeks compared with the clot groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study involved a randomized clinical trial that included 140 patients. Alveolar ridge preservation was performed with xenografts. Sealing in the control group consisted of a collagen membrane versus cyanoacrylate in the test group. The dental implants were placed immediately after extraction. The variables were evaluated at 3, 12, and 18 months of follow-up. Pearson's chi-squared test was used for qualitative variables and the Student t-test for related samples was used for quantitative variables. The change in buccolingual alveolar bone width was significantly greater in the CMX group than in the CX group after three months (p < 0.005). However, significance was not reached at the other follow-up timepoints (p > 0.005). CAL showed significantly greater values in the CMX group than in the CX group (p < 0.005), and MBL proved greater in the CMX group than in the CX group, with p < 0.001. Five membrane exposures were recorded in the CMX group. Cyanoacrylate as a sealing method for alveolar ridge preservation seems to afford better clinical and radiological results than collagen membrane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surgical success includes a planned incision, achieving haemostasis, good mechanical closure and optimal maintenance of the surgical wound. New materials, as tissue adhesives, have been suggested as substitutes for sutures, to overcome their disadvantages. This study aimed at gathering the differences of using surgical adhesives in oral surgery compared with the conventional method of using sutures as a wound closure technique. PRISMA analyses, PICO criteria and PubMed/Medline database, EBSCO and Cochrane Library were used for research. Inclusion criteria included prospective, randomized controlled trials and case–control studies published in English with full access, where clinical advantages and demerits/limitations were reported in patients who underwent oral surgical incisions, without time restrictions. Exclusion criteria comprised literature with lower level of evidence. A total of 15 studies were assessed and analysed 15 parameters as alternatives to sutures (100%), cost‐effectiveness (6,6%), postoperative pain (53,3%), time consumption (73,3%), haemostasis (46,6%), homeostasis (13,3%), aids healing (26,6%), tissue inflammation (26,6%), safety (6,6%), graft dimension (3,13), biocompatibility (13,3%), adhesion to tissue (6,6%), bacteriostatic effect (20%), oedema (13,3%) and ease of application (26,6). Selected articles' results indicate that surgical glues can be a suitable alternative and/or adjuvant to oral sutures, presenting numerous advantages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses a case series involving eight patients who underwent patch testing for suspected cyanoacrylate contact allergy post-surgery. The patients were tested using a conventional patch testing method as well as a modified method called tape stripping. The results showed that tape stripping increased the sensitivity of patch testing to cyanoacrylates, particularly in cases where the conventional method yielded negative or doubtful reactions. The study also found that ethyl cyanoacrylate (ECA) was positive in five cases, suggesting potential cross-reactivity or co-sensitization. The authors conclude that tape stripping prior to patch testing can be a useful and pragmatic method for testing with medical adhesives when the suspected allergens are not commercially available. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Journal of Ankara University Faculty of Medicine / Ankara Üniversitesi Tip Fakültesi Mecmuasi is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Tissue adhesives are crucial in current medical practice, facilitating the healing process in traumatic lacerations and surgical incisions. This work aims to develop and characterize tissue adhesives based on cyanoacrylate-based n-butyl and octyl blends. The characterization of three different formulations was achieved through Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). FTIR spectra were obtained between 200 and 4000 cm−1, and the results indicated the presence of specific functional groups, specifically for the base monomers of the formulas between 1000 and 1200 cm−1. The samples started to degrade around 160 °C and were completely degraded between 200 and 250 °C. Viscosity analysis showed that the shear rate range was from 300 to 1 s−1, while the temperature varied between 20 and 37 °C. Dynamic Mechanical Thermo-Analysis (DMTA) showed similar storage and loss modulus under a temperature range of 0–80 °C. In contrast, a commercial standard sample, utilized as a comparison standard, showed the lowest values, about 25% less than other samples. Oscillatory rheology performed under 37 °C and varying the deformation amplitude (0–100%) with an oscillation frequency of 5 rad/s allowed a comparison between the samples evaluated and the results from DMTA testing. Mechanical characterization was achieved through a comparison between these results and the correspondent results of mechanical testing as per ASTM standards applicable to tissue adhesives—F2258-05, F2255-05, F2256-05, and F2458-05. They suggest the utilization of a viscous n-butyl and 2-octyl cyanoacrylate-based blend, allying a better degree of biocompatibility with adequate mechanical performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The current Instructions for Use (IFU) of cyanoacrylate closure (CAC) is to start initial injection with the catheter tip positioned 5 cm distal to the sapheno-femoral junction (SFJ) to prevent endovenous glue-induced thrombosis (EGIT). However, this defensive design is responsible for the relatively long stump length. Although clinical studies on the long-term recurrence rate are still lacking, the long stump length can predict a higher long-term recurrence rate compared to other surgical methods. The author developed a novel surgical technique that can overcome the weakness of CAC, and the initial outcomes of this technique are described in this article. Methods: This study retrospectively reviewed 25 great saphenous vein (GSV) in 20 patients who underwent CAC for incompetent GSV at our hospital. The procedure from puncturing the GSV to insertion of the catheter is the same as the conventional method. Place the catheter tip 2-3 cm below the SFJ before cyanoacrylate injection. After confirming the position of the SFJ with the longitudinal view of the ultrasound, press the GSV directly above the SFJ transversely with the second to fifth fingertips of the left hand. Then, the ultrasound probe is placed against the distal part of the fingertips, and CA injection is performed while GSV is monitored in real time. Results: The mean stump length immediately after surgery was 19.3 (± 7.8) mm, with a range of.0-38.4 mm. The mean stump length after 1 week was 12.3 (± 7.4) mm and the range was.1-35.4 mm. The mean stump length after 1 month was 15.4 (± 10.1) mm, and the range was.0-35.4 mm. There was no case with EGIT or recanalization. Conclusions: The author confirmed the possibility of safely reducing stump length with this novel surgical technique, and expect that this method can help overcome the weakness of CAC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To compare the cosmetic results and complications of using monofilament sutures and octylcyanoacrylate tissue adhesives in facial lacerations in the pediatric age group admitted to the emergency department. Methods: Our study was conducted retrospectively on pediatric patients that were admitted to the emergency department of our hospital. Children between ages of 1 and 18 years old that had lacerations on facial area were evaluated in the surgical yellow zone of our hospital. A total of 120 patients were followed. Standardized photographs were taken at 6 months and, who rated the wounds on a validated cosmesis scale. Results: A total of 120 patients with lacerations, 60 of whom used suture and 60 used tissue adhesive, were included in the study. In the evaluations after 6 months, no differences were found between the groups in terms of demographic and clinical characteristics. When evaluated in terms of scar healing (according to VAS), which is considered a late-term complication, the use of adhesive was found to be statistically significant (p = 0.0002). In addition, tissue adhesives were found to be statistically significant in comparisons made according to patients' satisfaction with the healing process, application of the procedure (p = 0.025), patients' recommendation for the procedure (p < 0.0001) and the presence of damaged tissue after wound healing (according to ISCD) (p=0, 0082). Conclusions: The results of our study suggest that the assessment of wounds 6 months after injury and wound repair provides a good measure of long-term cosmetic outcome. Additionally, octylcyanoacrylate tissue adhesive may be a good alternative in the treatment of facial injuries in children when appropriate patient selection is made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A type 2 endoleak (T2EL) is the most frequently occurring endoleak type after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). Residual T2ELs may cause aneurysm rupture; however, the management of a T2EL remains controversial. This study evaluated sac branch preemptive embolization using N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate, aiming to prevent T2ELs and sac shrinkage. Methods: Twelve consecutive patients underwent elective preemptive embolization during EVAR at our hospital between August 2018 to March 2019. Their demographic information, operative details, and sac diameters were examined at 6 months after EVAR. Results: No procedural complications were observed. There were no in-hospital deaths among the 12 patients. Sac shrinkage was observed in this cohort (53.8-52.1 mm, p = 0.01). A total of 33 lumbar arteries were occluded with this procedure, and 2 patients had residual T2ELs at 6 months. Conclusions: A T2EL in preemptive sac branch embolization during EVAR has advantages in terms of safety and reduction. Although no clear evidence is available for the management of T2ELs, this study proposes a new standard to prevent it and improve the long-term outcomes after EVAR. However, embolization remains imperfect and further research is necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study was undertaken to evaluate if the cyanoacrylate glue was superior to conventional suturing for skin closure of the laparoscopic port site. A prospective randomized trial was performed on patients scheduled for elective laparoscopic surgery at the department of general surgery at a tertiary care hospital. Patients were followed up to evaluate postoperative pain using the visual analog scale (VAS). The time required for closing the wound, postoperative pain at the wound site, rate of surgical site infection (SSI), and the period for which the patients stayed in the hospital were studied. Results: A total of 70 patients were enrolled and divided into two groups. In group I (the study group) incisions were closed by applying N-Butyl-2-Cyanoacrylate glue and in group II (the control group) incisions were closed by conventional suturing method using Ethilon 2.0 RC. Statistically significant difference was found between the average time required for the closure of a single port site (p < 0.0001), surgical site infection (p < 0.021), and the average number of days the patient stayed in the hospital. It was less in the group I as compared with that of group II. There was no significant difference between the two groups for postoperative pain assessment. Conclusion: The use of N-Butyl-2-Cyanoacrylate at laparoscopic port site skin closure was beneficial as it took comparatively less time for laparoscopic port skin closure and had less rate of surgical site infection at the wound site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polymer microcapsules containing cyanoacrylates have represented a promising option to develop self-healing biomaterials. This study aims to develop an electrospray method for the preparation of capsules using poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as the encapsulant and ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate (EC) as the encapsulate. It also aims to study the effect of the electrospray process parameters on the size and morphology of the capsules. The capsules were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Moreover, the effects of electrospray process parameters on the size were investigated by Taguchi experimental design. FTIR and TGA approved the presence of both PMMA and EC without further reaction. FE-SEM micrograph demonstrated that an appropriate choice of solvents, utilizing an appropriate PMMA:EC ratio and sufficient PMMA concentration are critical factors to produce capsules dominantly with an intact and spherical morphology. Utilizing various flow rates (0.3–0.5 ml/h) and applied voltage (18–26 kV), capsules were obtained with a 600–1000 nm size range. At constantly applied voltages, the increase in flow rate increased the capsule size up to 40% (ANOVA, p ≤ 0.05), while at constant flow rates, the increase in applied voltage reduced the average capsule size by 3.4–26% (ANOVA, p ≤ 0.05). The results from the Taguchi design represented the significance of solution flow rate, applied voltage, and solution concentration. It was shown that the most effective parameter on the size of capsules is flow rate. This research demonstrated that electrospray can be utilized as a convenient method for the preparation of sub-micron PMMA capsules containing EC. Furthermore, the morphology of the capsules is dominated by solvents, PMMA concentration, and PMMA:EC ratio, while the average size of the capsules can be altered by adjusting the flow rate and applied voltage of the electrospray process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive has been presented as an alternative to sutures and several studies have compared them. The objective of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive on postoperative pain and swelling, following mandibular third molar surgery. Materials and Methods: Database search was conducted in MEDLINE/PubMed and Scopus, along with extensive search in the grey literature, including randomized and non-randomized clinical trials that applied cyanoacrylate adhesive for closing mandibular third molar surgical sites and compared it with silk sutures, assessing postoperative pain and swelling. The search ended on September 22, 2023. Results: Of 886 identified articles, six were included and meta-analyzed. Applying cyanoacrylate demonstrated a reduction in the overall postoperative pain (SMD = -0.57, 95% CI -1.00 to -0.15, p = 0.009). A similar outcome was noted when pain was evaluated on the first and last postoperative days, based on controlled clinical trials (SMD = -0.47, 95% CI -0.92 to -0.03, p = 0.04), and randomized trials (SMD = -0.97, 95% CI -1.31 to -0.62, p < 0.00001). Patients/sides received cyanoacrylate showed a decrease in postoperative swelling (SMD = -0.26, 95% CI -0.51 to -0.01, p = 0.04). Following the GRADE rating system, the quality of evidence on pain and swelling was judged as moderate and low, respectively. Conclusions: The use of cyanoacrylate adhesive may offer benefit in reducing postoperative pain and swelling following mandibular third molar surgery. Nevertheless, this should be further investigated, considering the low number of included reports. Clinical Relevance: The current results could help clinicians who perform this procedure to manage postoperative pain and swelling more effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The objective is to investigate the interaction of sclero-embolic and contrast agents with the polymerisation of medical grade n-butyl-cyanoacrylates. Methods: An in vitro spectrophotometric absorbance method was developed to detect changes in light transmission to measure n-BCA polymerisation. The initiation and the rate-of-polymerisation of mixtures of n-BCA with sclero-embolic and contrast agents were investigated. Results: Initiation of polymerisation: VENABLOCK™ and HISTOACRYL® were the fastest agents to polymerise, while VENASEAL™ was the slowest. Rate of polymerisation: Hypertonic saline inhibited the polymerisation of all n-BCAs, while hypertonic glucose prolonged the polymerisation rate. ETHANOL and detergent sclerosants had no effect. Contrast agents OMNIPAQUE™ and ULTRAVIST® initiated and prolonged the polymerisation of n-BCA, but in contrast, LIPIODOL® failed to initiate the process. Conclusions: The commercially available medical cyanoacrylates differ in their polymerisation rates. These polymerisation rates are further affected when these products are used in conjunction with other compounds, such as sclero-embolic and contrast agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study involved a randomized clinical trial that included 140 patients. Alveolar ridge preservation was performed with xenografts. Sealing in the control group consisted of a collagen membrane versus cyanoacrylate in the test group. The dental implants were placed immediately after extraction. The variables were evaluated at 3, 12, and 18 months of follow-up. Pearson’s chi-squared test was used for qualitative variables and the Student t-test for related samples was used for quantitative variables. The change in buccolingual alveolar bone width was significantly greater in the CMX group than in the CX group after three months (p < 0.005). However, significance was not reached at the other follow-up timepoints (p > 0.005). CAL showed significantly greater values in the CMX group than in the CX group (p < 0.005), and MBL proved greater in the CMX group than in the CX group, with p < 0.001. Five membrane exposures were recorded in the CMX group. Cyanoacrylate as a sealing method for alveolar ridge preservation seems to afford better clinical and radiological results than collagen membrane.

Purpose: To evaluate implant osseointegration in grafted autogenous bone blocks fixed with cyanoacrylate-based adhesive and screws. Also, grafted bone fixed either with an adhesive or screw was evaluated. Materials and Methods: Two surgical defects in the parietal region of rabbits (n = 12) were performed in each animal. Autogenous bone blocks obtained were fixed anteriorly with a screw or cyanoacrylate-based adhesive. After 30 and 45 days of grafting procedures, implants were placed in bone blocks. Histomorphometric and microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) analyses of the implant area were performed at 30 days after implant surgery in the screw (n = 6) and adhesive (n = 6) groups. Histomorphometric analyses of bone-grafted areas were performed at 60 and 75 days in the screw (n = 6) and adhesive (n = 6) groups. Histomorphometric evaluations were carried out in implant and grafted bone areas. The micro-CT parameters evaluated were bone-to-implant contact, bone area fraction occupancy, bone volume fraction, trabecular thickness, trabecular separation, and trabecular number. Results: No differences were observed in the micro-CT parameters for the screw and adhesive groups in all experimental periods. However, an increased quantity of immature bone volume was observed on the adhesive group in the grafted area after 75 days. The grafted area in the screw group (75 days) presented a decrease in the volume density of the immature bone compared with the screw group (60 days). There were no differences in both groups and experimental periods in soft tissue in the grafted area. Conclusion: No differences were observed in the osseointegration of implants placed in grafted autogenous bone blocks fixed with cyanoacrylate-based adhesive and screws. Therefore, osseointegration in autogenous bone fixed with cyanoacrylate-based adhesive is viable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: To compare clinical and economic outcomes after sternotomy for cardiac surgery with skin closure through 2-octyl cyanoacrylate plus polymer mesh tape (2OPMT) versus conventional absorbable sutures plus waterproof wound dressings (CSWWD). METHODS: Retrospective study using the Premier Healthcare Database. Patients undergoing a cardiac surgery requiring sternotomy with 2OPMT or CSWWD were included. Primary outcome was 60-day cumulative incidence of diagnosis for wound complications (infection, dehiscence). Secondary outcomes were index admission hospital length of stay (LOS), total hospital-borne costs, discharge status, and 60-day cumulative incidences of inpatient readmission and reoperation. After propensity score matching, outcomes were compared between the 2OPMT and CSWWD groups using bivariate multilevel mixed-effects generalized linear models. RESULTS: Overall, 7,901 2OPMT patients and 10,775 CSWWD patients were eligible for study. After propensity score matching on 68 variables, each group comprised 5,338 patients (total study N = 10,676). The 2OPMT and CSWWD groups did not differ significantly in terms of the 60-day cumulative incidences of wound complication (3.47% vs 3.47%, p = 0.996), inpatient readmission (12.6% vs. 13.6%, p = 0.354), and reoperation (10.3% vs 10.1%, p = 0.808), as well as discharge to home versus non-home setting (77.2% vs. 75.1%), p = 0.254. However, the 2OPMT group had significantly lower LOS (9.2 days vs 10.6 days, p

We studied a reaction of chromone‐containing acrylonitriles and cyanoacrylates with acid hydrazides. This reaction turned out to be a method for the synthesis of salicyloyl‐substituted 1,2,4‐triazolo[1,5‐a]pyridines. The synthesis developed is a tandem ring‐opening/double ring‐closing process. This synthetic approach is characterized by low toxic solvents (ethanol, butanol) and mediator (Et3N), 37–84% yields, non‐chromatographic isolation of products, and substrate tolerance (59 examples). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Circumcision is one of the most commonly performed operations. It is common to use of antibiotics to prevent complications after circumcision. However, as awareness of antibiotic resistance increases, it is necessary to consider using other prophylactic drugs. This review aims to evaluate non-antibiotic drugs for wound healing after circumcision. We conducted a literature search in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines using Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect search engines to find treatment intervention studies comparing circumcision wound healing outcomes and adverse effects after non-antibiotic topical drugs and antibiotics. A total of 2 studies with 636 participants matched our inclusion criteria. 2-octyl cyanoacrylate and nanosilver gel (AgNPs) were used for post-circumcision wound treatment. The group with topical non-antibiotic drugs had a lower healing rate. There was no significant difference between wound healing and significant adverse effects between drug comparisons. Antibiotic resistance tests between intervention and control groups were not included in these studies. Data comparing non-antibiotic drugs and antibiotics for post-circumcision wound healing are still limited. Further studies conducted in various settings are needed to assess the efficacy of non-antibiotic topical agents for post--circumcision wound healing and reducing antibiotic resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Gastroenterología del Perú is the property of Sociedad de Gastroenterologia del Peru and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Poly(alkyl cyanoacrylate)s (PACAs) find extensive use as adhesives in engineering and medicine. However, their high reactivity often leads to wide molar mass dispersity and uncontrolled chain‐end functionalities. Achieving precise polymer structures is crucial, particularly for medical applications to prevent oligomer toxicity. The conventional anionic polymerization of cyanoacrylates initiated by water results in high molar mass dispersities (Ð) and low end‐group functionalities. Nonetheless, under specific conditions, anionic polymerization holds the potential for controlling the molar mass and Ð of PACAs. Here, we demonstrate the synthesis of well‐defined PACAs by employing minute quantities (1%) of superbases to activate a functional thiophenol (PhSH) initiator. This strategy enables the attainment of adjustable molecular weights (Mn > 20 kg mol−1) and moderate dispersities (Ð < 1.4) for homopolymers and block copolymers. The selective initiation by thiophenol is confirmed through 1H DOSY NMR analysis. Furthermore, the controlled homo‐ and copolymerization of ACA derivatives highlights the remarkable performance of the superbase in conjunction with PhSH. © 2023 The Authors. Polymer International published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Industrial Chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on their own research and a review of the literature, the authors analyze the possible cellular mechanisms of the development of an inflammatory reaction after the obliteration of varicose veins with cyanoarylate adhesive compounds (CAO), which received the name phlebitis- Like abnormal Reaction (PLAR) in foreign sources. Despite the existing opinion about the “abnormal” nature of the inflammatory reaction, it is noted that the main stages of its development are fully consistent with the currently known molecular and cellular mechanisms of the response of biological tissues to contact with a foreign antigenic substance and are of a natural nature. The cause of the development of acute alterative inflammation in the vein wall is the direct contact of the endothelium with an aggressive environment, which is cyanoacrylate. A specific feature of the development of chronic inflammation in the vein wall is its productive interdaily character, which is replaced by proliferative processes. The main role in the development of successive stages of PLAR development is played by monocytic, mast and giant cells of foreign bodies, as well as the mechanisms underlying the regulation of the functional activity of these cells. During the period of cyanoacrylate biodegradation, its cellular environment corresponds to all morphological features of a phagocytoma, whose activity decreases with the biodegradation of cyanoacrylate with simultaneous connective tissue proliferation. The development of possible chronic granulomatous inflammation is based on a local autoimmune process associated with the formation of giant multinucleated epithelioid cells (Langerhans cells). In conclusion, it is emphasized that today, when using various cyanoacrylate compounds for the purpose of adhesive obliteration of veins, taking into account the accumulated clinical data and morphological studies, the final answers to the existing reasonable objections about the complete safety of the use of cyanoacrylates in clinical practice should be given by fundamental immunohistochemical and genetic studies.

Aim and background: Uterine arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a rare cause of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) in young patients. The condition could be congenital or acquired following uterine trauma due to curettage, or uterine surgeries like myomectomy or cesarean section. Case description: Here we report a 29-year-old lady with previous two therapeutic curettages for missed abortions, who presented with recurrent AUB requiring multiple blood transfusions. Ultrasound and Doppler studies of the pelvis showed features consistent with AVM. The patient underwent angiography of the internal iliac and uterine arteries confirming the AVM on the right side. Successful embolization was performed using n-butyl cyanoacrylate and lipiodol mixture. The patient was discharged after 24 hours of the procedure and the bleeding was effectively controlled. Conclusion and clinical significance: Uterine AVM should be a differential in all young patients with AUB who have a history of uterine instrumentation and a negative pregnancy test. A high degree of clinical suspicion should be maintained to diagnose the condition. Uterine artery embolization is a viable option for acquired AVM in young patients with AUB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A previously healthy 70-year-old woman underwent cyanoacrylate closure of an incompetent left small saphenous vein. Six days later, grade 2 treatment-induced thrombosis occurred at the sapheno-popliteal junction. Three days later, the patient presented with pale, cold pain in the left lower extremity. Diffuse thrombosis of the left lower extremity involved the small and great saphenous and deep veins. The patient was admitted and immediately administered heparin with anticoagulant factors, with symptoms began resolving 1 d later. The superficial vein thrombi were resolved. Although a deep venous thrombus remained, symptoms disappeared, and the patient was discharged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Perineal tears in vaginal birth are highly prevalent and may be related to physical and psychological trauma. Surgical glues are an alternative repair method to avoid the pain that may be caused by perineal repairs with sutures. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of surgical adhesive glue in reducing perineal pain when compared to sutures in first-degree perineal tears resulting from vaginal birth. Design: Open-label parallel-group randomised controlled trial. Setting: An alongside birth centre in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Participants: 84 intrapartum women with first-degree perineal tears needing repair. Methods: In the experimental group (n = 42), the perineal tears were repaired with Epiglu® surgical glue (ethyl-2-cyanoacrylate); in the control group (n = 42), the tears were repaired with Vicryl Rapide® (polyglactin 910) sutures. The primary outcome was the intensity of perineal pain after birth measured by a numeric pain rating scale ranging from 0 to 10 points. The secondary outcomes were healing, measured by the “Redness, Oedema, Ecchymosis, Discharge, and Approximation'' scale; women's satisfaction with the perineal repair, measured by a visual analogue scale; and the time necessary to complete the repair. Data were collected during postpartum hospitalisation and 10–20 days after discharge, from December 2020 to May 2021. Data were analysed using bivariate analysis and linear models by intention-to-treat. Results: 36–48 h after birth, the mean of perineal pain was 0.2 (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 0.1–0.8) in the experimental group and 0.9 (95% CI 0.5–1.5) in the control group; the perineal healing score was 0.7 (95% CI 0.4–1.2) and 0.8 (95% CI 0.5–1.2), in the experimental and control groups, respectively; satisfaction was higher among women in the experimental group (88.1% versus 83.3% in the control group). After discharge, the mean of perineal pain was 0.1 (95% CI 0.0–0.5) in the experimental group and 1.4 (95% CI 0.8–2.2) in the control group; the perineal healing score was 0.0 (95% CI 0) and 1.0 (95% CI 0.7–1.3) in the experimental and control groups, respectively. Satisfaction was higher in the experimental group (94.9% versus 75.0%). The longitudinal analysis showed statistically significant differences between the groups regarding perineal pain and women's satisfaction. The average time necessary for perineal repair was 6.0 (95% CI 4.7–8.7) minutes in the experimental group and 9.7 (95% CI 8.3–11.5) in the control group (p

Cyanoacrylates are widely used as surgical tissue adhesives because of their high biodegradability, but they are brittle and have poor tissue affinity. In this study, methoxy polyethylene glycol‐polycaprolactone block copolymers (MPEG‐co‐PCLs) with different PCL chain lengths were synthesized by ring‐opening polymerization. Then, a new tissue adhesive with excellent mechanical properties, tissue affinity, antibacterial properties, and coagulation performances was prepared by incorporating MPEG‐co‐PCL and silica nanoparticles (SNPs) into n‐butyl cyanoacrylate (BCA). The optimal MPEG: PCL ratio is 1:4 (MP‐3), and the optimal mass ratio of MPEG‐co‐PCL and SNPs (0.5SNPs/0.5MP‐3) is 0.5 wt.%. Compared to BCA, the adhesion strength and flexibility of 0.5SNPs/0.5MP‐3 are dramatically improved by 110% and 244%, respectively. MPEG‐co‐PCL can fully exploit the advantages of homopolymers, and therefore, improve the tissue affinity and adhesion strength of the adhesive and avoid BCA polymerization initiated by MPEG and poor compatibility of PCL with BCA. SNPs can also compensate for the lack of antibacterial properties of BCA against Gram‐negative bacteria. The E. coli inhibition circle of 0.5SNPs/0.5MP‐3 is twice as large as BCA. SNPs can also improve coagulation by promoting platelet aggregation. This work provides an effective strategy for developing adhesives with potential clinical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Manual sutures, staples, and tissue adhesives are indicated for pulmonary surgery. However, despite its well-recognized use, no suture material has yet been pointed out as completely safe in preventing air leakage, a major complication of pulmonary surgeries both in humans and dogs. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of the most common suture techniques and sealing devices after pulmonary lobectomy in dogs considering ventilatory pressures: physiological and supraphysiological. This study concludes that manual/mechanical sutures and synthetic glue sealants are efficient in preventing air leakage after partial lobectomy in dogs. Pulmonary loborraphy can be performed using manual sutures and staples, although other methods, such as tissue adhesives, are also cited in the veterinary literature. Although the surgery is well tolerated in the canine species, failure in pulmonary aerostasis is still a reality since all the methods described so far eventually lead to air leakage after the use of the partial lobectomy technique in the lungs. Within this context, the aim of this research was to compare the effectiveness of different hermetic sealing methods after partial lobectomy of the right caudal lung lobe (RCLL) in dogs. 30 cadavers models were divided in 6 groups: G1—cobbler suture associated with simple continuous; G2—overlapping continuous suture associated with simple continuous suture; G3—Ford interlocking suture; G4—Stapling device; G5—Tissue glue (cyanoacrylate). After performing the sealing techniques, the lungs were submerged in water and inflated with oxygen at positive ventilatory pressures at physiological (up to 14.7 mmHg, which is equivalent to up to 20 cmH2O) and supraphysiological levels (above 14.7 mmHg) to evaluate the performance of the sealing methods. At physiological ventilatory pressure levels, there was no difference between groups. Sealing with surgical glue was superior to interlocking sutures and stapling devices at supraphysiological levels of ventilatory pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive for surgical wound closure has become increasingly popular in recent years and has shown efficacy. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to compare the effectiveness of cyanoacrylate adhesive as a substitute for conventional suture placement after extraction of impacted third molars. The PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane, and gray literature databases were searched for randomized or controlled prospective clinical trials published up to October 2022 that compared the use of cyanoacrylate adhesive and conventional silk suture in third molar surgeries. The risk of bias of each study was assessed using the RoB 2 tool (revised Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials). Five randomized clinical trials with a total of 236 patients were included. The most commonly evaluated outcomes were pain and bleeding. The type of adhesive used varied and included ethyl-2-cyanoacrylate, isoamyl 2-cyanoacrylate, and a mixture of n-butyl cyanoacrylate and 2-octyl cyanoacrylate. Compared with 3-0 silk suture, cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive resulted in lower levels of postoperative pain in 3 studies and lower rates of bleeding in all 5 studies. Thus, cyanoacrylate can be a good substitute for silk sutures for wound closure in intraoral surgeries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyanoacrylate glue is a non-thermal, non-tumescent agent used to treat saphenous reflux. It was introduced to overcome heat-related discomfort and complications. Multiple randomized controlled trials using this therapy have demonstrated excellent clinical outcomes at long-term follow-up. However, diffuse injection-site inflammation and systemic urticaria are worrisome complications. In preclinical studies, serial histopathological findings demonstrated acute inflammatory reaction, subacute vasculitis, chronic granulomatous foreign body reaction, fibrotic changes with partial vascular recanalization, and chronic foreign body-type inflammatory response. While the exact nature of this unique complication remains undefined, complex hypersensitivity and irritation reaction phenomena have been suggested based on reported clinical presentations. The incidence of this complication has been reported as ranging from 0.3%-25.4%. Typically, erythematous reactions can occur near treatment sites, with symptoms ranging from mild pruritus and/or erythema that resolves without treatment to recurrent severe inflammation and pruritus requiring nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antihistamines, and/or corticosteroids. Surgical excision has been rarely reported in patients with severe intractable inflammation or treatment-site infections. Although several anecdotal studies reported on using antihistaminics or corticosteroids, no effective strategies have been established to prevent this complication.

Skin adverse reactions to diabetes medical devices have been reported frequently over recent years. Adhesives attaching glucose sensors and continuous insulin infusion sets to the skin are proven to cause both allergic contact dermatitis and irritant contact dermatitis in patients with diabetes mellitus. Several allergens contained in adhesives and/or parts of medical devices are documented to cause allergic contact dermatitis, with acrylate chemicals being the most common culprit-especially isobornyl acrylate (IBOA), but also 2,2′-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol) monoacrylate or cyanoacrylates. Epoxy resin, colophonium and nickel were also identified as causative allergens. However, repetitive occlusion, maceration of the skin and resulting disruption of the skin barrier seem to have an impact on the development of skin lesions as well. The purpose of this study is to highlight the burden of contact dermatitis triggered by diabetes medical devices and to show possible mechanisms responsible for the development of contact dermatitis in a group of diabetic patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE To compare the effects of absolute ethanol (ethanol) and N-butyl-cyanoacrylate (NBCA) on non-embolized liver lobe regeneration in a rat model. METHODS Twenty-seven Sprague-Dawley rats underwent portal vein embolization (PVE) using ethanol:lipiodol, 1:1 (ethanol group, n = 11, 40.74%), NBCA:lipiodol, 1:1 (NBCA group, n = 11, 40.74%), or sham treatment (sham group, n = 5, 18.52%). The non-embolized and embolized lobe-to-whole liver weight ratios 14 days after PVE were compared among the groups (n = 5, 18.52%). The expressions of CD68 and Ki-67 and embolized-lobe necrotic area percentages one day after PVE were compared between the ethanol (n = 3, 11.11%) and NBCA (n = 3, 11.11%) groups. RESULTS The non-embolized lobe-to-whole liver weight ratio after PVE was significantly higher in the NBCA group (n = 5, 33.33%) than in the ethanol group (n = 5, 33.33%) (84.28% ± 1.53% vs. 76.88% ± 4.12%, P = 0.029). The embolized lobe-to-whole liver weight ratio after PVE was significantly lower in the NBCA group than in the ethanol group (15.72% ± 1.53% vs. 23.12% ± 4.12%, P = 0.029). The proportions of CD68- and Ki-67-positive cells in the non-embolized lobe after PVE were significantly higher in the NBCA group (n = 30, 50%) than in the ethanol group (n = 30, 50%) [60 (48-79) vs. 55 (37-70), P = 0.003; 1 (0-2) vs. 1 (0-2), P = 0.004]. The embolized-lobe necrotic area percentage after PVE was significantly larger in the NBCA group (n = 30, 50%) than in the ethanol group (n = 30, 50%) [29.46 (12.56-83.90%) vs. 16.34 (3.22-32.0%), P < 0.001]. CONCLUSION PVE with NBCA induced a larger necrotic area in the embolized lobe and promoted greater non-embolized liver lobe regeneration compared with PVE with ethanol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundAlthough the use of 2-octylcyanoacrylate (OCA) in cutaneous surgery offers increased efficiency, there is scant data comparing scar outcomes achieved with OCA versus 5-0 fast-absorbing gut suture (FG).ObjectiveTo compare scar cosmesis achieved with OCA versus FG for surgical wound closure.Materials and methodsA total of 44 patients with postoperative defects of at least 3 cm were included. Half of each wound was randomized to receive closure with either OCA or FG. At 3 months, patients and 2 blinded observers evaluated each scar using the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS).ResultsThe total observer POSAS score (mean [SD]) for the side repaired with OCA (12.3 [4.72]) and the side that received FG (11.6 [4.36]) did not differ significantly (p = .40). There was no significant difference in the total patient POSAS scores between closure with OCA (14.9 [8.67]) and FG (14.6 [8.90]) (p = .70). Based on observer POSAS scores, scar pigmentation was significantly worse on the scar half repaired with OCA (1.98 [0.91]) compared with FG (1.79 [0.80]) (p = .05).ConclusionWith the exception of inferior scar pigmentation with OCA, there was no statistically significant difference in wound cosmesis after linear wound closure with OCA versus FG.

Background: Although soft tissue substitutes showed promising improvement in the past decade, epithelialized gingival graft (EGG) is still widely used in periodontal plastic surgery applications. Donor site management after EGG harvesting has been challenging for clinicians. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of cyanoacrylate, hyaluronic acid, and their combination in palatal donor site management after EGG harvesting.Methods: Data from 89 patients were included and categorized as gelatin sponge (GS), gelatin sponge with either cyanoacrylate (GS + CY), hyaluronic acid (GS + HA), or both (GS + CY + HA). The data of pain perception (PP), quantity of analgesics (QA), secondary bleeding (SB), epithelization level (EL), and color match (CM) were assessed retrospectively.Results: The GS + CY and GS + HA + CY groups showed lower PP scores compared to the GS and GS + HA groups (p < 0.05). The QA was higher in the GS group compared to the GS + CY and GS + HA + CY groups (p < 0.001). All study groups showed greater EL than GS group on day 7 (p < 0.001). On day 14, full EL was present in 81% of the patients in the GS + HA + CY group, which was higher than the other groups (p < 0.001). All study groups reported lower SB in the first 3 days, which was lower compared to the GS group (p < 0.001) and showed higher CM scores than the GS group on days 7 and 14 (p < 0.001).Conclusions: CY application reduces pain and analgesic intake and HA may support the wound healing with increased EL. Using the CY-HA combination provides additional benefits for donor site management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Closure of ocular wounds after an accident or surgery is typically performed by suturing, which is associated with numerous potential complications, including suture breakage, inflammation, secondary neovascularization, erosion to the surface and secondary infection, and astigmatism; for example, more than half of post-corneal transplant infections are due to suture related complications. Tissue adhesives provide promising substitutes for sutures in ophthalmic surgery. Ocular adhesives are not only intended to address the shortcomings of sutures, but also designed to be easy to use, and can potentially minimize post-operative complications. Herein, recent progress in the design, synthesis, and application of ocular adhesives, along with their advantages, limitations, and potential are discussed. This review covers two main classes of ocular adhesives: (1) synthetic adhesives based on cyanoacrylates, polyethylene glycol (PEG), and other synthetic polymers, and (2) adhesives based on naturally derived polymers, such as proteins and polysaccharides. In addition, different technologies to cover and protect ocular wounds such as contact bandage lenses, contact lenses coupled with novel technologies, and decellularized corneas are discussed. Continued advances in this area can help improve both patient satisfaction and clinical outcomes.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the efficiency and results of cyanoacrylate glue and traditional sutures in the closure of clean surgical wounds. Methods: This randomized controlled experiment was conducted between December 2020 and June 2022, enrolling 100 patients who met strict inclusion criteria. To close wounds, patients were given a random choice between using cyanoacrylate glue or traditional sutures. Wound healing, infection rates, patient satisfaction surveys, and cosmetic evaluations were all included of the postoperative assessments. Results: There were no appreciable differences between the two closure techniques in the rates of infection or wound healing. Patients in the cyanoacrylate glue group expressed considerably greater levels of satisfaction with their postoperative discomfort and pain reduction. Cosmetic assessments showed better results in the cyanoacrylate glue group, with lower ratings for scarring, erythema, and uneven skin texture. Conclusion: For a clean surgical wound closure, both traditional sutures and cyanoacrylate glue work well. Cyanoacrylate glue has benefits in terms of improved cosmetic results and patient comfort. The selection of the closure technique should take into account the unique characteristics and desires of the patient, highlighting the significance of patient-centered care in surgical decision-making. It is necessary to do additional study with larger sample numbers and long-term follow-up to validate these findings and investigate their relevance in various clinical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the central organ of the human body, once the heart is damaged, it will cause devastating damage to the circulation system of the whole body, often leading to rapid death. Currently, the only treatment option to stop bleeding in penetrating cardiac injuries is surgical suturing, which is extremely complex and risky. In addition, it is difficult to implement this kind of treatment in battlefields with poor medical conditions. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an effective cardiac hemostasis strategy. In this work, we propose a two-step hemostasis strategy that can effectively stop bleeding for penetrating heart injuries. That is, cardiac hemostatic plug (CHP) is made from the nanocomposite (polylactic acid/gelatin/absorbable hemostatic particles, PLA/GEL/AHP) with high biosafety, excellent hemostatic performance, and degradability which is used to block cardiac bleeding, and then wound surface is sealed by in-situ electrospun medical glue fibers (N-octyl-2-cyanoacrylate, interfacial toughness: 221 ± 23 J·m−2), thus completing cardiac hemostasis (porcine heart with 1 cm diameter penetrating wound). The hemostasis process is simple and quick (< 2 min). In addition, it is worth mentioning that we have also proposed a new composite method based on solution blow spinning that is suitable for doping various functional particles, and the PLA/GEL/AHP composite nanofiber membrane prepared by this method is also a promising hemostatic material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A series of pyrazole-thiazole hybrids were synthesized and characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and LC-MS. • All the synthesized compounds were tested for inhibition against α-amylase, trypsin, and pepsin enzymes. • In silico docking and DFT studies were performed on the synthesized compounds. • Compounds 8f, 6e , and 6c demonstrated the highest inhibition against α-Amylase, Trypsin, and pepsin with% inhibition of 61.93, 68.09, and 69.51, respectively, at 10–7M compound concentrations. In this study, the syntheses of some pyrazole-thiazole hybrids and their cyanoacrylate derivatives have been reported. 1H NMR, 13C NMR, LC-MS, and IR spectroscopy were used to characterize all the synthesized compounds. DFT studies have been employed to assess the electronic properties of the synthesized compounds. To ensure the necessary metabolization of the synthesized compounds, their safety profiles were assessed using the Vnn-ADMAT tool. Docking studies investigated the interactions between the synthesized compounds (6a-h and 8a-h) and the active sites of gastric enzymes α-Amylase, Trypsin, and Pepsin with binding affinities (kcal mol−1) ranging from 6.0 to 8.1, 6.7 to 8.5, and 7.7 to 8.6, respectively. Both pyrazole-thiazole hybrids and their cyanoacrylate derivatives demonstrated efficient anti-gastric activities. Varying levels of inhibition were observed among the analogs, such as compound 8f exhibiting the highest inhibitory activity at 61.93 % against α-Amylase at 10−7M, compound 6e showed best inhibition at 68.09 % against Trypsin at 10−7M, and compound 6c displayed remarkable inhibition at 69.51 % against Pepsin at 10−7M. The synthesized compounds exhibited selectivity for α-Amylase. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The deposition of insoluble protein aggregates in the brain is a hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases. While their exact role in neurodegeneration remains unclear, the presence of these amyloid deposits often precedes clinical symptoms. As a result, recent progress in imaging methods that utilize amyloid-specific small molecule probes have become a promising avenue for antemortem disease diagnosis. Here, we present a series of amino-aryl cyanoacrylate (AACA) fluorophores that show a turn-on fluorescence signal upon binding to amyloids in solution and in tissue. Using a theoretical model for environmental sensitivity of fluorescence together with ab initio computational modeling of the effects of polar environment on electron density distribution and conformational dynamics, we designed, synthesized, and evaluated a set of fluorophores that (1) bind to aggregated forms of Alzheimer's-related β-amyloid peptides with low micromolar to high nanomolar affinities and (2) have the capability to fluorescently discriminate different amyloids based on differences in amino acid composition within the binding pocket through exploitation of their solvatochromic properties. These studies showcase the rational design of a family of amyloid-binding imaging agents that could be integrated with new optical approaches for the clinical diagnosis of amyloidoses, where accurate identification of the specific neurodegenerative disease could aid in the selection of a proper course for treatment.

Aim: The objective of this study was to evaluate the inflammatory process resulting from the use of two cyanoacrylate-based adhesives to stabilize grafts. Methodology: A total of 45 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups (n = 15/group) treated with ethyl cyanoacrylate glue (TG1), octyl-2-cyanoacrylate glue (TG2) or suture threads (CG). After de-epithelialization in the anterior gingival region of the mandible, the graft was removed from the donor site (hard palate), taken to the recipient site and stabilized according to the protocol of each group. After 7, 14, and 45 days, the animals were euthanized. The graft area was analysed macroscopically, histologically, histochemically (Masson trichrome), and immunohistochemically positive cell count for TGF-β, α-SMA, RANKL, OPG, FGF, and IL-10. The Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn test (SPSS 20.0, p

This clinical investigation was performed to determine the efficacy of cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive to enhance soft and hard tissue healing of extraction wounds requiring a regenerative effort. Fourteen patients requiring a total of 25 tooth extractions were selected. Twenty sockets were treated with cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive over an exposed collagen barrier membrane without altering the mucogingival junction, while five extraction sockets were allowed to heal by the secondary healing intention as well but without tissue adhesive application. The results were evaluated with emphasis on soft tissue color and form as well as bone surface morphology. All sites received dental implants. There was a clear advantage to using cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive as a protective mechanism over an exposed collagen barrier membrane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Three cases of previously failed retinal surgeries for colobomatous retinal detachment were successfully repaired with cyanoacrylate retinopexy. These patients had good anatomical and functional outcomes without the need for positioning or further tamponade removal. Cyanoacrylate retinopexy should be evaluated for more frequent use in retinal detachment surgery. Purpose: We report use of cyanoacrylate (N-butyl-Cyanoacrylate) in previously failed retinal reattachment surgeries for chorio-retinal colobomas. We report the surgical technique, its challenges, and long-term outcomes in three patients who underwent the surgery. Methods: A chart review of patients with chorio-retinal colobomas and retinal detachment repair with cyanoacrylate at a tertiary eye care center in Nepal. Cyanoacrylate was used to seal colobomatous retinal breaks in eyes which had undergone multiple retinal surgeries with failed outcome. Results: Three eyes that were operated using cyanoacrylate were included. All three patients had attached retina and none of the patients required a long-term tamponading agent. None of the patients underwent head positioning following the surgery. All of the patients had a visual acuity gain of 3/60 or more at the end of 8 months. No adverse or inflammatory reactions were noted. Conclusion: We demonstrate that cyanoacrylate is safe and less resource-demanding without a requirement of second surgery to remove a tamponading agent. It could be helpful in eyes with persistent retinal detachment in colobomatous eyes. Because we were able to achieve favorable outcomes without head positioning, we believe it may also be helpful in patients who are not suitable for positioning because of bodily or bony deformities and in retinal detachment with other coexisting trauma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: 2-Octyl cyanoacrylate, a topical adhesive used for wound closure, is becoming a common cause for rashes in postsurgical patients. There is an increased number of cases of postsurgical contact dermatitis attributable to 2-octyl cyanoacrylate. Localized skin reactions to 2-octyl cyanoacrylate have been described in different case reports, but there are limited case reports of diffuse cutaneous allergic reactions. Objective: The aim of the study was to review our experience in patch testing with cyanoacrylates. Methods: We reported five cases of allergic contact dermatitis to 2-octyl cyanoacrylate, confirmed by a patch test. All the patients experienced a skin reaction a few days after surgery. The patients described an erythematous pruritic rash initially localized over the incision and that subsequently spread to surrounding areas. Two of the five patients developed a more wide)spread rash, which required a longer duration of systemic steroids. 2-Octyl cyanoacrylate remains an agent of low diagnostic suspicion as the possible cause of contact dermatitis after a surgical procedure. Results: All the patients, but one had a positive reaction to 2-octyl cyanoacrylate on PT. Four had a positive PT result, with one patient having a positive scratch test after a negative PT result. Testing on abraded skin further increased yield. Conclusion: Postsurgical patients should be evaluated by using a patch test if there is a clinical picture suggestive of contact dermatitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the years, new biomaterials have been introduced as an alternative to conventional wound closure methods. Compared with traditional methods including sutures and staples, bioadhesives are more convenient to use and less time‐consuming. Nevertheless, the application of topical skin adhesives such as Cyanoacrylates (CA) is limited, due to cytotoxicity. Hence, developing skin adhesives with strong adhesion to soft tissue in wet environment, controlled physical and mechanical properties, and excellent biocompatibility has been a significant challenge. In the current study, we developed a new bioadhesive based on the highly biocompatible natural polymers gelatin and alginate. In order to enhance the mechanical‐ physical properties and functionality, two types of fillers were loaded: hemostatic agent (kaolin or montmorillonite) and cellulose fibers. Our in‐vitro results show that the addition of the functional fillers increased the tensile strength and modulus of the bulk material, leading to higher sealing ability and higher bonding strength. In addition, the gelation time and swelling degree were significantly decreased and the viscosity increased with the incorporation of the filler, which enables better functioning. The in‐vivo model focused on using a porcine skin incision, demonstrated superior efficacy of these new bioadhesives compared to the control group. I.e., they resulted in rapid healing, less inflammation, and a higher degree of wound closure. In conclusion, our dual‐composite bioadhesives demonstrated promising potential for use in wound closure applications and may serve as a suitable alternative for conventional sutures. Their unique properties make them beneficial, especially for first medical care applications such as rescuing casualties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dental fillings are one of the most widespread minimal invasive procedures in modern restorative dentistry. Thanks to the advantages of recently developed filling materials, adhesive systems, and filling techniques, it is possible to create high strength, long-lasting dental fillings. Qualifying these structures is a complicated procedure; the most common method is the use of a microtensile bond strength test, for which specimens need to be formed and stabilised with adhesives in special jigs. During our research, three different cyanoacrylates were examined to find the ideal adhesive for bonding the metal and dentin and the metal and EverX short fibre composite, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: In this study, we aimed to compare closure of the incision for external dacryocystorhinostomy (ext-DCR) by suturing with 6-0 Prolene versus closure with 2-octyl cyanoacrylate and assess the results in terms of the aesthetic and functional aspects of the scar, operating time, postoperative symptoms and complications, and the economic cost of the two techniques., Methods: Sixty-three patients with distal lacrimal obstruction and indication of ext-DCR were initially enrolled in a longitudinal prospective cohort study. Patients underwent ophthalmologic evaluations including lacrimal probing, external examination with photograph, measurement of the surgical wound, timing the cutaneous closure phase of the surgery, recording postoperative wound pain using visual analog scale (VAS), and recording the patient's and clinician's subjective satisfaction with the scar using Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) at 6 months postsurgery. The 63 eyes were divided into two groups: the wounds in group 1 were closed with 6-0 Prolene using continuous locking suture and the wounds in group 2 were closed with 2-octyl cyanoacrylate., Results: There was no difference in baseline characteristics (age, sex, and race), and no statistically significant differences were found in wound length, POSAS score, VAS score, or serious complications of the wound between the two groups. There were differences in surgery time and economic cost for group 2 compared to group 1 of -2.39 min and -€5.37/operation, respectively., Conclusion: This is the first study in the literature that compares 6-0 Prolene versus Dermabond ® . The latter one presents advantages compared to Prolene, given that it reduces the length of surgery, reduces costs, and allows for greater flexibility in postoperative follow-up visits., (Copyright © 2024 Copyright: © 2024 Indian Journal of Ophthalmology.)

Inguinal hernia repair is one of the most common surgical procedures. Traditionally, traumatic fixations have been used to prevent mesh migration, resulting in chronic pain in the groin. However, a non-traumatic alternative with cyanoacrylate glue is offered. A 50-year-old male patient underwent elective surgery for inguinal hernia repair. During the surgery, it was decided to use cyanoacrylate glue for mesh fixation without complications. In his follow-up consultation, the patient showed a satisfactory course. The use of cyanoacrylate glue, a synthetic resorbable adhesive, for more rapid wound closure has shown favorable results. It is characterized by a low rate of complications and a significant decrease in groin pain in the short- and medium-term. This technique is considered a viable and effective alternative for the reduction of complications, with promising clinical results., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent for treatment and open access publication was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Ledesma-Orta et al.)

Background: Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSG) remains a major challenge to cereal crops and resistance to key fungicides by the pathogen threatens control efficacy. Pydiflumetofen, a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor, and phenamacril, a cyanoacrylate fungicide targeting myosin I, have been applied to combat this disease. Nonetheless, emergence of pydiflumetofen resistance in a subset of field isolates alongside laboratory-induced facile generation of phenamacril-resistant isolates signals a critical danger of resistance proliferation., Results: Our study investigates the development of dual resistance to these fungicides in F. graminearum. Utilizing pydiflumetofen-resistant (Py R ) and -sensitive (Py S ) isolates, we obtained dual-resistant (Py R Ph R ) and phenamacril-resistant (Py S Ph R ) mutants on potato sucrose agar containing phenamacril. Mutation rates for phenamacril resistance were comparable between pydiflumetofen-resistant and -sensitive isolates, implying independent pathways for resistance development. The mutants compromised in fungal growth, competitive viability and deoxynivalenol production, suggesting fitness penalties for the dual-resistant mutants. However, no cross-resistance was found with tebuconazole or fludioxonil. In addition, we characterized four critical amino acid changes (S217L, C423R, K537T, E420G) in the Myo1 that were verified to confer phenamacril resistance in F. graminearum., Conclusion: This research indicates the possibility of resistance development for both pydiflumetofen and phenamacril in F. graminearum and emphasizes the need for fungicide resistance management for FHB. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry., (© 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.)

DNA typing of latent fingerprints is highly desirable to increase chances of individualization. We recovered DNA from Cyanoacrylate (CA) fumed fingerprints and used both GlobalFiler™ and ForenSeq™ DNA Signature Prep kits for DNA typing. For GlobalFiler™, samples were processed using a protocol modified for Low Template (LT)-DNA samples (half-volume reactions, 30 cycles) while for ForenSeq™ DNA Signature Prep, samples were processed using a standard protocol and fluorometer-based library quantitation. We evaluated genotyping success and quality of profiles in terms of completeness, Peak Height Ratio/Allele Coverage Ratio, presence of PCR artifacts and drop-in alleles. With GlobalFiler™, average autosomal STR (aSTR) profile completeness was 44.4% with 2-20 pg, 54.3% with 22-60 pg, and 95% with 64-250 pg DNA input. CODIS uploadable profiles were obtained in 2/10, 3/11, and 11/12 samples in these ranges. With ForenSeq™ DNA Signature Prep, average aSTR profile completeness was 19.7% with 1-20 pg and 45.2% with 22-47 pg but increased to 78.3% with 68-122 pg and 86.7% with 618-1000 pg DNA input. Uploadable profiles were obtained in 0/12, 4/11, 4/7, and 3/3 samples for these ranges. Results show very high sensitivity using both kits. Half-volume reactions and 30 cycles had minimal negative effect on Globalfiler™ profile quality, providing support for wider use after validation experiments to routinely improve results from LT samples. A standard protocol for the ForenSeq™ DNA Signature Prep kit was also highly successful with LT DNA obtained from CA-fumed fingerprints with additional information from isometric STR alleles and other markers., (© 2024 American Academy of Forensic Sciences.)