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Purpose: Zhumeria majdae, a unique species of the Zhumeria genus, is an endemic Iranian plant in the Lamiaceae family. Phytochemical investigation and biological activity of this plant are rarely reported. The current study aimed to find new antiprotozoal compounds from the roots of Z. majdae and to determine the absolute configuration of isolated compounds by circular dichroism., Methods: The extraction process from roots and aerial parts of Z. majdae was carried out by hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol followed by testing their antiprotozoal effects against Leishmania donovani, Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, T. cruzi, and Plasmodium falciparum, respectively. Structure elucidation was done using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and HREIMS spectrometry. In addition, experimental and theoretical circular dichroism spectroscopy was used to establish absolute configuration., Results: In comparison with aerial parts, the hexane extract from roots showed superior activity against T. b. rhodesiense, L. donovani and P. falciparum with IC 50 values of 5.4, 1.6 and 2.1 μg/ml, respectively. From eight abietane-type diterpenoids identified in roots, six were reported for the first time in the genus Zhumeria. 11,14-dihydroxy-8,11,13-abietatrien-7-one (6) exhibited a promising biological activity against P. falciparum (IC 50 8.65 μM), with a selectivity index (SI) of 4.6, and lanugon Q (8) showed an IC 50 value of 0.13 μM and SI of 15.4 against T. b. rhodesiense., Conclusion: Altogether, according to the results, of 8 isolated compounds, dihydroxy-8,11,13-abietatrien-7-one (6) and lanugon Q (8) exhibited a promising activity against T. b. rhodesiense and P. falciparum. In conclusion, these compounds could be potential candidates for further analysis and may serve as lead compounds for the synthesis of antiprotozoal agents. Graphical abstract.

One new natural monoterpene, 5- O - β -d-glucopyranosyl-2-hydroxy- p -cymene (1: ), and 11 known compounds were isolated through a biologically oriented approach from the aerial parts of Phagnalon sordidum L. The most active extract and fractions were selected using 3 complementary antioxidant activity assays. Results and the different methods were compared by relative antioxidant capacity index. In addition, the most active extract of P. sordidum was subjected to liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization hybrid linear ion trap quadrupole Orbitrap mass spectrometry to quantify secondary metabolites. Antioxidant activities of ethyl acetate extract, and purified 3,4-dihydroxyacetophenone (3: ) and nebrodenside A (7: ) were demonstrated by in vitro cell free model assays, and their protective effect against H 2 O 2 -induced oxidative stress in a HepG2 (human hepatocellular carcinoma) cell line was established., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.)

In this paper, the isolation of one new iridoid glucoside, 6 β -acetoxyipolamiide (1: ), and thirteen (2:  - 14: ) known congeners from two Lamiaceae species, Stachys ocymastrum and Premna resinosa , leaf extracts is reported. The structural determination of the isolated compounds was performed by mono- and bidimensional NMR spectroscopic analysis as well as MS experiments. The isolates were assayed for their antiangiogenic activity by two in vivo models, zebrafish embryos and chick chorioallantoic membrane assays. The compounds with a significant antiangiogenic activity in both assays were β -hydroxyipolamiide (2: ), ipolamiide (3: ), and buddlejoside A 5 (8: ). 6- O - α -l-(3″- O-p -Methoxycinnamoyl-4″- O -acetyl)rhamnopyranosyl catalpol (13: ) and 6- O - α -l-(2″- trans -caffeoyl)rhamnopyranosyl catalpol (6: ) showed the best antiangiogenic response on blood vessel growth in zebrafish embryos, whereas saccatoside (10: ) and 6- O - α -l-(2″- O - : p -methoxycinnamoyl-3″- O -acetyl)rhamnopyranosyl catalpol (14: ) resulted in a strong reduction of capillary formation in the chorioallantoic membrane assay., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.)

In this paper, the isolation of five new guaianolides (1:  - 5: ) and four (6:  - 9: ) known sesquiterpenes from Ormenis mixta aerial parts is reported. The structural determination of the guaianolides was obtained by NMR spectroscopic data, as well as MS experiments. Their relative configurations were assigned by a combined quantum mechanical/NMR approach, comparing the experimental 13 C/ 1 H NMR chemical shift data and 1 J H-H homonuclear coupling constants with the related predicted values. The isolates were assayed for their anti-inflammatory potential evaluating nitric oxide release and cyclooxygenase-2 expression in J774A.1 macrophages treated with lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli . Our results indicated that, among the tested compounds, 1:  - 3: , and 7: were able to inhibit nitric oxide release, while all were able to inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 expression with different potencies., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.)