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Impairing emotional outbursts, defined by extreme anger or distress in response to relatively ordinary frustrations and disappointments, impact all mental health care systems, emergency departments, schools, and juvenile justice programs. However, the prevalence, outcome, and impact of outbursts are difficult to quantify because they are transdiagnostic and not explicitly defined by current diagnostic nosology. Research variably addresses outbursts under the rubrics of tantrums, anger, irritability, aggression, rage attacks, or emotional and behavioral dysregulation. Consistent methods for identifying and assessing impairing emotional outbursts across development or systems of care are lacking.The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Presidential Task Force (2019-2021) conducted a narrative review addressing impairing emotional outbursts within the limitations of the existing literature and independent of diagnosis.Extrapolating from the existing literature, best estimates suggest that outbursts occur in 4%-10% of community children (preschoolers through adolescents). Impairing emotional outbursts may respond to successful treatment of the primary disorder, especially for some children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder whose medications have been optimized. However, outbursts are generally multi-determined and often represent maladaptive or deficient coping strategies and responses.Evidence-based strategies are necessary to address factors that trigger, reinforce, or excuse the behaviors and to enhance problem-solving skills. Currently available interventions yield only modest effect sizes for treatment effect. More specific definitions and measures are needed to track and quantify outbursts and to design and assess the effectiveness of interventions. Better treatments are clearly needed.

This chapter reviews the lives of the children affected by bipolar disorder and how it changed for the better. It acknowledges how sheer luck and a parent’s love can make a difference in a child’s life path. Kids with all kinds of mental illness being identified and treated earlier bring hope that they can be helped out of their harmful ruts. Moreover, the pandemic sparked unquestionable damage to the mental health of US children. The chapter tackles progress with policies in improving mental health support. It suggests focusing better on the bigger picture and thinking harder about broader, structural issues that have huge and inequitable impacts on mental health.

This chapter tackles psychotherapy as a method of treatment for bipolar disorder. It clarifies that medication is often not sufficient by itself, so psychotherapy will provide the greatest chance of lifelong success in treating the condition. Imaging studies have shown psychotherapy leads to physical changes in the brain. Moreover, bipolar disorder affects the person with the condition and their respective family. A therapist using cognitive-behavioral therapy challenges a patient’s unhealthy thinking patterns while simultaneously encouraging problem-solving skills and healthier choices. The chapter also explores other psychotherapy approaches such as interpersonal psychotherapy, dialectical behavior therapy, and family-focused treatment. It then covers the duration and side-effects of psychotherapy.

This chapter focuses on bipolar disorder that affects the lives of people. It starts with how taking care of children with bipolar disorder might take over a parent’s life. The characteristic definition of bipolar disorder ranges between mania and depression. Professional help is advised when red flags like bouts of explosive rage or repeated high-risk behavior have been recorded. The chapter explains the process of diagnosing bipolar disorder, especially when the condition is often mistaken for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder or schizophrenia. Moreover, bipolar disorder often exists side by side with other emotional and behavioral issues known as comorbid conditions or comorbidities. The chapter also highlights the role of biology in mood disorders.

This chapter introduces the concept of bipolar disorder found in adolescents. It defines bipolar disorder as a mood disorder of a potentially harmful variety of ordinary course of shifting attitudes and behavior. The disorder mostly consists of some degree of mania and alternates with cycles of depression or pervasive sadness. The chapter cites the increased demand for mental health care professionals, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic triggered traumas, frustrations, and social isolation. It suggests parents seek help with professional diagnosis and treatment if their child is suspected to have bipolar disorder. After all, bipolar disorder could potentially get worse when left undiagnosed and untreated.

If Your Adolescent Has Bipolar Disorder: An Essential Resource for Parents provides a definitive guide to understanding and getting effective help for adolescents with bipolar disorder. The guide is primarily designed for parents and other adults in contact with teenagers with bipolar disorder. Most current scientific expertise available today has been combined with no-nonsense, hands-on advice from parents who have faced their children’s bipolar disorder. The scientific expertise ranges between the newest treatments and medications and the latest research findings on bipolar disorder. If Your Adolescent Has Bipolar Disorder aims to provide information and tools parents need to aid teenagers to achieve the best possible outcome in coping with their condition.

Suicide rates continue to increase among children and adolescents in the United States, with suicide remaining the second leading cause of death for youth aged 10 to 24 years of age. Most studies of suicide among children and adolescents have not focused on youth of color because of research suggesting that suicide was a health threat for white youth. Research showing shifting trends in suicide for minoritized youth of color has increased national focus, revealing disparities in recognition and treatment of suicidal behaviors for racially and culturally diverse youth.

Limited research has simultaneously focused on sociodemographic differences in who receives recommended adolescent depression screening in primary care and who endorses elevated depression and suicide risk on these screeners. We describe screening and risk rates in a large pediatric primary care network in the United States after the network expanded its universal depression screening guideline to cover all well-visits (i.e., annual medical checkups) for adolescents ages 12 and older.Between November 15, 2017 and February 1, 2020, there were 122,682 well-visits for adolescents ages 12-17 (82,531 unique patients). The Patient Health Questionnaire - Modified for Teens (PHQ-9-M) was administered to screen for depression.A total of 99,961 PHQ-9-Ms were administered (screening rate=81.48%). The likelihood of screening was higher among adolescents who were female, 12-14 years of age at their first well-visit during the study, White, Hispanic/Latino, or publicly-insured (i.e., Medicaid-insured). Additionally, 5.92% of adolescents scored in the threshold range for depression symptoms and 7.19% endorsed suicidality. Heightened depression and suicide risk were observed among adolescents who were female, 15-17 years of age at their first well-visit during the study, Black, Hispanic/Latino, attending urban primary care practices, or Medicaid-insured. Odds of endorsing suicidality were also higher among teens who identified as other races.Limitations related to data available in the electronic health record and reliance on data from a single hospital system are noted.Findings highlight misalignments in screening and risk status that are important to address to ensure more equitable screening implementation and health outcomes.

Background To address the challenges brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic, regulatory authorities, governments, and legislators around the world have implemented temporary changes to the scopes of practice for various health disciplines. Purpose Our aim was to identify opportunities for collaboration both within and across professional groups by using bibliometrics to compare scope-of-practice scholarship among and within disciplines. Methods We conducted a bibliometric analysis using quantitative analytical tools provided by Scopus and examined the growth in both the quality and quantity of scholarship across several disciplines. Results We identified a total of 80 clusters of research, noting differences among the lines of inquiry relating to scope of practice in the various disciplines. Although medicine has contributed the greatest volume of articles (2,921) to the corpus of work (4,619), physiotherapy and nursing have contributed proportionately, by percentage, the most research-based content (95.5% and 88.5%, respectively). Conclusion The foci of interest in one discipline may help disciplines with a less comprehensive research base to advance their scholarship more rapidly. Furthermore, this study has postulated a potential methodological opportunity to compare research output across disciplines or specific areas of study based on a linkage between Bradford's Law of scattering and Jenks's analysis of natural breaks.

Adolescent suicidality (ie, suicidal ideation or attempts) is a major public health concern. Cyberbullying experiences and perpetration have become increasingly prevalent and are associated with mental health burden, but their roles as independent suicidality risk factors remain unclear. Data are needed to clarify their contribution to teen suicidality to inform suicide prevention efforts.To examine whether cyberbullying experiences and perpetration are distinct stressors divergent from other forms of peer aggression experiences in their association with suicidality in early adolescence.This cross-sectional analysis used data collected between July 2018 and January 2021 from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, a large, diverse sample of US children aged 10 to 13 years.Youth reports of cyberbullying experiences or perpetration.The main outcome was youth-reported suicidality (past or present, as reported in the ABCD 2-year follow-up assessment). Covariates included demographics, established environmental risk and protective factors for youth suicidality, psychopathology, and experiences or perpetration of offline peer aggression.A total of 10 414 ABCD participants were included in this study. Participants had a mean (SD) age of 12.0 (0.7) years and 4962 (47.6%) were female; 796 (7.6%) endorsed suicidality. A total of 930 (8.9%) reported experiencing cyberbullying and 96 (0.9%) reported perpetrating cyberbullying. Of the perpetrators, 66 (69.0%) also endorsed experiencing cyberbullying. Controlling for demographics, experiencing cyberbullying was associated with suicidality (odds ratio [OR], 4.2 [95% CI, 3.5-5.1]; P .001), whereas perpetrating cyberbullying was not (OR, 1.3 [95% CI, 0.8-2.3]; P = .30). Experiencing cyberbullying remained associated with suicidality when accounting for negative life events, family conflict, parental monitoring, school environment, and racial and ethnic discrimination (OR, 2.5 [95% CI, 2.0-3.0]; P .001) and when further covarying for internalizing and externalizing psychopathology (OR, 1.8 [95% CI, 1.4-2.4]; P .001). Both being a target and being a perpetrator of offline peer aggression were associated with suicidality (OR, 1.5 [95% CI, 1.1-2.0] for both), controlling for all covariates described earlier. Cyberbullying experiences remained associated with suicidality (OR, 1.7 [95% CI, 1.3-2.2]; P .001, controlling for all covariates) when included with offline peer aggression experiences and perpetration.In this cross-sectional study, experiencing-but not perpetrating-cyberbullying was associated with suicidality in early adolescence. This association was significant over and above other suicidality risk factors, including offline peer aggression experiences or perpetration. These findings can inform adolescent suicide prevention strategies, and they suggest that clinicians and educational staff working with this population should routinely evaluate for adolescents' experience with cyberbullying.

ObjectiveThe authors used multimodal data collected during pre/early-adolescence in research settings to predict self-report of past suicide attempt (SA) by mid-late adolescence in pediatric care settings. The study further aimed to determine types of data that contribute to the prediction; and to test generalizability of the prediction in an independent sample.MethodsThe authors applied machine learning methods on clinical, neurocognitive and geocoded neighborhood environmental data from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort study (PNC, Mean age 11.1, SD=2.2, 52.3% female and 51.4% Black participants) to predict SA reported ∼5 years later in a community pediatric clinic (n=922, 5.3% SA) or emergency department (n=497, 8.2% SA). The authors compared prediction performance when using all data versus individual data types, then used feature selection algorithms (Lasso, Relief and Random Forest) to identify important predictors and compared performance of models relying on feature subsets.ResultsIn the training dataset, SA prediction was good, reaching AUC=0.75, sensitivity/specificity 0.76/0.77 when relying on feature subsets identified using feature selection pipelines. Use of highest-ranking feature subsets from the training dataset yielded similar prediction in the testing dataset with AUC=0.74, sensitivity/specificity 0.66/0.70. Different algorithms showed different high-ranking features, but overall multiple data domains were represented among the highest-ranking predictors selected by each algorithm.ConclusionsThese findings provide evidence for feasibility of predicting youth SA using data collected at a single timepoint early in life in a diverse cohort. Results encourage incorporation of multiple data types including neurocognitive and geocoded environmental measures in machine learning SA prediction pipelines.

Those in the field of social work education are continuously looking for methods to enhance the production of competent, effective MSWs. One approach is to provide enhanced training programs to sel...

Youth exposure to ‘web of violence’ is associated with impairments in mental and physical health. The current study aimed to identify subgroups of violent events, such as maltreatment, bullying perpetration and peer victimization and explore how these relate to depressive symptoms, hopelessness, and impairment among a sample of clinically-referred youth. A sample of 151 adolescents between the ages of 12 and 18 years was evaluated at a mood disorders program in an outpatient hospital-based clinic. Cluster analysis was used to identify subgroups based on ‘web of violence’ experiences. Group differences were then analyzed by demographics and clinical variables. Overall, rates of exposure to maltreatment, peer victimization and bullying perpetration were high. Cluster analysis identified two subgroups of adolescents which can be characterized as low versus high exposure groups. The high exposure group reported more severe depressive symptoms, greater hopelessness, and more impairment than the low exposure group. Among this clinical sample, distinct subgroups of youth were identified that differed based exposure to maltreatment and peer fighting and victimization. Adolescents in the high exposure group showed significantly worse clinical outcomes compared to the low exposure group. These findings further highlight the importance of a comprehensive assessment for involvement in violence when evaluating adolescents with depression.

Peer-led education programming is a frequently used strategy for implementing adolescent sexual and reproductive health education. Research on effectiveness has demonstrated mixed outcomes for adolescent participants but consistently indicates benefits for peer health educators. Studies evaluating the impact on peer health educators typically rely on self-reports or feedback from one perspective. This study contributes to the literature by drawing on the perspectives of multiple stakeholder groups to understand the impact of the project on peer educators. Utilizing focus groups and interviews, this study focuses on data collected regarding the perceived effects of a peer-led project on peer educators in a public school setting. Themes reflect positive effects that include growth for peer health educators at school, home, and within the community. Qualitative analyses depicted that the program enhanced peer educators’ knowledge and professional development, increased communication between parents and participants, and inspired the peer educators to be agents of change in their communities outside of project implementation. Implications for future programming and research are addressed.

Research on the effects of intervention dose on outcomes within adolescent sexual health education programming is lacking. Existing research on dose typically utilizes the number of sessions as a variable. In a school setting, there are scheduling limitations, student absences, and other logistical barriers that have the potential to affect the number of sessions for an intervention and, in turn, impact the efficacy of programming.This article evaluates the effectiveness of a school-based, peer-led adolescent comprehensive sexual health education program, with a focus on dose. A repeated measures MANOVA was used to evaluate the effects of individual difference variables and intervention variables on changes in participants' knowledge and attitudes across 2 time points. Additionally, paired t-tests were used to evaluate changes in specific behaviors.Results indicated that knowledge improved following the intervention, and specifically larger doses, measured in minutes, of the intervention were associated with larger improvements in knowledge. There were no significant effects related to attitudes or behavioral outcomes.This study adds to the knowledge base by including analysis of how the dose of intervention may impact youth outcomes. Implications for school health practices and research are discussed.

Standardized suicide risk assessment improves the detection of individuals at risk of suicide. We conducted a quality improvement initiative in a system of outpatient behavioral health practices affiliated with a free-standing children's hospital to implement standardized suicide risk assessment for new patients.Clinicians received education in suicide risk assessment and were trained to use an evidence-based suicide risk assessment tool, the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS). We standardized workflow processes and integrated the C-SSRS in the electronic health record with a feature to communicate instances of elevated risk across care teams through a problem list. We analyzed C-SSRS responses and adherence to standardized processes and compared the percentage of patients with a suicide-related item on the problem list before and after implementation. We assessed clinician knowledge through a survey. All patients with identified suicide risk received treatment to reduce their risk of suicide in the context of usual care.For 3,972 new patient visits occurring postimplementation (November 2016-December 2018), the average monthly adherence to the standardized process was 97.7%. The mean monthly incidence of nonspecific active suicidal thoughts was 16%, aborted suicide attempts were 2%, and actual suicide attempts were 3%. The mean monthly incidence of a suicide-related item documented on the problem list was 5.66% in the postimplementation period compared with 1.47% in the 1-year preimplementation. Clinicians demonstrated statistically significant increases in knowledge about suicide risk factors and assessment.Standardization of suicide risk assessment processes improved detection and documentation of suicide risk in a pediatric outpatient behavioral health setting.

The effect of breakfast glycaemic load (GL) on cognition was systematically examined. Randomised and non-randomised controlled trials were identified using PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library (up to May 2022). 15 studies involving adults (aged 20 - 80 years) were included. Studies had a low risk, or some concerns, of bias. A random-effects meta-analysis model revealed no effect of GL on cognition up to 119 min post-consumption. However, after 120 min, immediate episodic memory scores were better following a low-GL compared to a high-GL (SMD = 0.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.00 to 0.32, p = 0.05, I2 = 5%). Subgroup analyses indicated that the benefit was greater in younger adults (35 years) and those with better GT. A qualitative synthesis of 16 studies involving children and adolescents (aged 5 - 17 years) suggested that a low-GL breakfast may also benefit episodic memory and attention after 120 min. Methodological practises were identified which could explain a failure to detect benefits in some studies. Consequently, guiding principles were developed to optimise future study design.

Objective To provide a synopsis of the occupational licensure literature and how scholarship contributions (i.e., research, reviews, book chapters, conference proceedings, editorials, and other) compare across the five largest contributory disciplines indexed in the Web of Science™ (WOS) bibliographic database. Methods Data were extracted in May 2019 from the WOS (Clarivate Analytics) bibliographic database and analyzed using Histcite and VosViewer. Bibliographic information was identified using a standard keyword and Boolean operator search and was downloaded into a plain text ANSI file from WOS. Results A total of 507 pieces of content were identified. The top five contributing disciplines were nursing (68), law (68), economics (59), education (35), and medicine (34). The first item indexed appeared in 1931, and for the next 40 years, a handful of content items were published sporadically. Between 1971 to 2005, scholarship on occupational licensure was initiated consistently with small numbers of articles being authored each year. Between 2005 and May 2019, there was a rapid growth in scholarship. Conclusions Differences in the focus and volume of published content were observed, with nursing, law, and economics being the most prolific disciplines. The findings of this study add weight to the call for the nursing profession to be more actively involved in policy discussions, as they have far greater potential to bring evidence to the decision-making table.

BackgroundAlthough there are extensive data on clinical psychopathology in youth with suicidal ideation, data are lacking regarding their neurocognitive function.AimsTo characterise the cognitive profile of youth with suicidal ideation in a community sample and evaluate gender differences and pubertal status effects.MethodParticipants (N = 6151, age 11–21 years, 54.9% females) from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort, a non-help-seeking community sample, underwent detailed clinical evaluation. Cognitive phenotyping included executive functioning, episodic memory, complex reasoning and social cognitive functioning. We compared participants with suicidal ideation (N = 672) and without suicidal ideation (N = 5479). Regression models were employed to evaluate differences in cognitive performance and functional level, with gender and pubertal status as independent variables. Models controlled for lifetime depression or general psychopathology, and for covariates including age and socioeconomic status.ResultsYouth with suicidal ideation showed greater psychopathology, poorer level of function but better overall neurocognitive performance. Greater functional impairment was observed in females with suicidal ideation (suicidal ideation × gender interaction, t = 3.091, P = 0.002). Greater neurocognition was associated with suicidal ideation post-puberty (suicidal ideation × puberty interaction, t = 3.057, P = 0.002). Exploratory analyses of specific neurocognitive domains showed that suicidal ideation-associated cognitive superiority was more prominent in post-pubertal males compared with females (Cohen's d = 0.32 and d = 0.11, respectively) across all cognitive domains.ConclusionsSuicidal ideation was associated with poorer functioning yet better cognitive performance, especially in post-pubertal males, as measured by a comprehensive cognitive battery. Findings point to gender and pubertal-status specificity in the relationship between suicidal ideation, cognition and function in youth.Declaration of interestR.B. serves on the scientific board and reports stock ownership in ‘Taliaz Health’, with no conflict of interest relevant to this work. M.A.O. receives royalties for the commercial use of the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale from the Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene. Her family owns stock in Bristol-Myers Squibb. All other authors declare no potential conflict of interest.

The purpose of this study is to explore child welfare workers' perspectives on ethnic matching in child welfare service delivery. Specifically, regarding ethnic matching; the authors investigate worker perceptions of advantages and disadvantages, worker preferences, ‘goodness of fit’ issues, barriers to implementation, enhancement of family engagement, and positive outcomes for families and children of color involved in child welfare services. Using qualitative interviews with child welfare workers who are currently or have recently been employed in public child welfare agencies in two states in the USA, this study provides direct input from frontline personnel and supervisors. A grounded theory analysis of participant responses produced results that reflect the complexities involved with ethnic matching. Themes highlight potential benefits and challenges concerning ethnic matching; along with identification of other issues involved with client outcomes. Study findings also provide contextual information for research, policy making, and practice concerning the manner in which services are provided to children of color, who are currently overrepresented in the system.

Key Points Question Are there associations among attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) pharmacotherapy, externalizing symptoms, and childhood suicidality (ie, ideation or attempts)? Findings In this cohort study of 11 878 children aged 9 to 10 years at baseline, externalizing symptoms showed expected associations with suicidality. ADHD pharmacotherapy was associated with less suicidality in children with externalizing symptoms, specifically among those with substantial symptoms burden, both at the baseline and 1-year follow-up assessment. Meaning These findings suggest that in children with substantial externalizing symptoms, ADHD medication use may be associated with less suicidality, in addition to its known clinical benefits in treating externalizing symptoms., This cohort study investigates the associations of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medication with externalizing symptoms and childhood suicidality., Importance Childhood suicidality (ie, suicidal ideation or attempts) rates are increasing, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and externalizing symptoms are common risk factors associated with suicidality. More data are needed to describe associations of ADHD pharmacotherapy with childhood suicidality. Objective To investigate the associations of ADHD pharmacotherapy with externalizing symptoms and childhood suicidality. Design, Setting, and Participants In this cohort study, cross-sectional and 1-year-longitudinal associations were examined using data (collected during 2016-2019) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, a large, diverse US sample of children aged 9 to 11 years. Data analysis was performed from November to December 2020. Exposures Main and interaction associations of externalizing symptoms (hyperactivity ADHD symptoms, oppositional defiant, and conduct disorder symptoms) and ADHD medication treatment (methylphenidate and amphetamine derivatives, α-2-agonists, and atomoxetine) at baseline assessment. Main Outcomes and Measures Child-reported suicidality (past and present at baseline; current at longitudinal assessment). Covariates were age, sex, race/ethnicity, parents’ education, marital status, and concomitant child psychiatric pharmacotherapy (antidepressants and antipsychotics). Results Among 11 878 children at baseline assessment (mean [SD] age, 9.9 [0.6] years; 6196 boys [52.2%]; 8805 White [74.1%]), 1006 (8.5%) were treated with ADHD medication and 1040 (8.8%) reported past or current suicidality. Externalizing symptoms (median [range], 1 [0-29] symptom count) were associated with suicidality (for a change of 1 SD in symptoms, odds ratio [OR], 1.34; 95% CI, 1.26-1.42; P

Suicide rates continue to rise among children and adolescents; suicide is the second leading cause of death in the United States. Although research studies have identified factors associated with suicide risks for youths, none distinguishes those who have suicidal ideation from those who most likely will make an attempt or die by suicide. Most studies focus on psychiatric diagnoses associated with suicide risks. Recent studies suggest that cross-cutting symptom profiles may be a stronger predictor of risks for suicide than diagnosis. This article provides an overview of emotional dysregulation as it relates to suicidal ideation, intent, and behaviors for youth.

OBJECTIVE: Youth suicide rates in the United States have been increasing in recent years, especially in Black Americans, the reasons for which are unclear. Environmental adversity is key in youth suicidality; hence there is a need to study stressors that have a disproportionate impact on Black youths. We aimed to disentangle the unique contribution of racial/ethnic discrimination from other adversities associated with childhood suicidal ideation and attempts (suicidality). METHOD: We analyzed data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, which included a large, diverse sample of US children (N = 11,235, mean age 10.9 years, 20.2% Black), assessed for multiple environmental adversities including discrimination. Multivariate regression models tested the association of self-reported racial/ethnic discrimination with suicidality, covarying for multiple confounders including other discrimination types (toward non–US-born individuals, sexual orientation–based, and weight-based). Matched analyses contrasted effects of racial/ethnic discrimination and racial identity on suicidality. RESULTS: Black youths reported more discrimination and higher suicidality rates than non-Black youths. High racial/ethnic discrimination was positively and significantly associated with suicidality, adjusting for other discrimination types (odds ratio = 2.6, 95% CI = 2.1–3.2). Findings remained significant after adjusting for multiple suicidality risk factors. Once experienced, racial/ethnic discrimination was similarly associated with suicidality in White, Black, and Hispanic youths. Matched analyses revealed that racial/ethnic discrimination was associated with suicidality (relative risk = 2.7, 95% CI = 2–3.5), whereas Black race was not (relative risk = 0.9, 95% CI = 0.7–1.2). CONCLUSION: Racial/ethnic discrimination is disproportionately experienced by Black children, and is associated with preadolescent suicidality, over and above other adversities. Findings highlight the need to address discrimination as part of suicide prevention strategies. Cross-sectional design hampers causal inferences. Reprinted from J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, Argabright et al., Association Between Discrimination Stress and Suicidality in Preadolescent Children, S0890–8567(21)01355-1, copyright 2021, with permission from Elsevier

In the recently published article "Mental Health in the Young Athlete" the following author name was inadvertently misspelled as Christine L. Master. The correct spelling of the author's name is: Christina L. Master as shown above.

Purpose of review The goal of the present paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of mental health concerns in young athletes, with a focus on common disorders, as well as population-specific risk factors. Recent findings Athletes experience similar mental health concerns as non-athlete peers, such as anxiety, depression and suicidal ideation, ADHD, eating disorders, and substance abuse. However, they also experience unique stressors that put them at risk for the development or exacerbation of mental health disorders. Student athletes have to balance academics with rigorous training regimens while focusing on optimal performance and managing high expectations. Physical injuries, overtraining, concussion, sleep disorders, and social identity are some of the factors that also impact the mental health of student athletes. Existing literature highlights the need to develop proactive mental health and wellness education for young athletes, and to develop services that recognize the unique needs of this population.

Environment (E) is pivotal in explaining variability in brain and behavior development, including suicidal ideation (SI) and behavior. It is therefore critical to systematically study relationships among environmental exposures (i.e., exposome) and suicidal phenotypes. Here, we evaluated the role of individual-level adversity and neighborhood environment and their interaction (E x E) in association with youth SI. Sample included youth (N = 7,054, ages 11–21) from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort, which investigated clinical phenotypes in a diverse US community population. We examined cross-sectional associations of environmental exposures with lifetime history of SI (n = 671), focusing on interactions between individual-level exposures to assaultive trauma (n = 917) and neighborhood-level socioeconomic status (SES) quantified using geocoded Census data. Models included potential confounds and overall psychopathology. Results showed that assaultive trauma was strongly associated with SI (OR = 3.3, 95%CI 2.7–4, p, Graphical abstract Image 1, Highlights • Environment (E) is key in shaping development of suicidal ideation (SI). • We integrated individual-level trauma exposure and neighborhood-level data on socioeconomic status (SES) in N=7,054 youths. • Trauma was robustly associated with youth SI in our cohort, while SES had no association with SI. • Only in youth with history of assaultive trauma, low SES was associated with lower SI rates (trauma by SES interaction). • Results suggest a stress inoculation effect that was shown in animal models, but has not been shown in human suicide research.

Background Suicidal behavior is highly familial. Neurocognitive deficits have been proposed as an endophenotype for suicide risk that may contribute to the familial transmission of suicide. Yet, there is a lack of research on the neurocognitive functioning of first-degree biological relatives of suicide attempters. The aim of the present study is to conduct the largest investigation to date of neurocognitive functioning in community youth with a family history of a fatal or nonfatal suicide attempt (FH). Methods Participants aged 8-21 years from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort completed detailed clinical and neurocognitive evaluations. A subsample of 501 participants with a FH was matched to a comparison group of 3,006 participants without a family history of suicide attempt (no-FH) on age, sex, race, and lifetime depression. Results After adjusting for multiple comparisons and including relevant clinical and demographic covariates, youth with a FH had significantly lower executive function factor scores (F[1,3432] = 6.63, p = .010) and performed worse on individual tests of attention (F[1,3382] = 7.08, p = .008) and language reasoning (F[1,3387] = 5.12, p = .024) than no-FH youth. Conclusions Youth with a FH show small differences in executive function, attention, and language reasoning compared to youth without a FH. Further research is warranted to investigate neurocognitive functioning as an endophenotype for suicide risk. Implications for the prevention and treatment of suicidal behaviors are discussed.

Adolescent depression is a prevalent condition that has been on the rise in recent years. The primary care setting is often the front line to mental health needs, specifically identifying and treating early depression. This review presents the current evidence base about adolescent depression, its identification, and treatment approaches. The US Preventive Services Task Force and American Academy of Pediatrics recommend universal screening for depression in adolescents in primary care settings. There are several depression screening measures that could be useful in primary care. Recommended treatment approaches which include therapy, medication, or a combination of the two are based on an adolescent’s presentation and degree of impairment. There is sufficient empirical evidence supporting use of three therapies and two Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors for adolescent depression. Currently, there are resources, screening measures, and research evidence available to adequately support pediatricians in the identification and treatment of adolescent depression.

Child welfare workforces across the nation are experiencing high turnover and have for decades. The chronic cost of turnover makes efforts to increase retention crucial. The Title IV-E education st...

Bullying involvement is a multidimensional issue and a significant concern for school-aged youth. However, research on bullying involvement within clinical samples is limited. The present study exa...

In this study, the authors explore the beliefs and attitudes regarding what constitutes “excellent supervision” from the perspectives of frontline workers and supervisors employed by one voluntary ...