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1. Histomorphometric characteristics of immune cells in small intestine of pigs perorally immunized with vaccine candidate F18ac+ nonenterotoxigenic E. coli strain

Author

I. Valpotic, Z. Pavicic, N. Vijtiuk, H. Valpotic, M. Popovic, D. Spoljaric, G. Lackovic, F. Bozic, and A. Kovsca Janjatovic

Subjects
nonspecific/specific immunization, E. coli, gut immune cells, pigs., Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Colidiarrhea and colienterotoxemia caused by F4+ and/or F18+ enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) strains are the most prevalent infections of suckling and weaned pigs. Here we tested the immunogenicity and protective effectiveness of attenuated F18ac+ non-ETEC vaccine candidate strain against challenge infection with F4ac+ ETEC strain by quantitative phenotypic analysis of small intestinal leukocyte subsets in weaned pigs. We also evaluated levamisole as an immune response modifier (IRM) and its adjuvanticity when given in the combination with the experimental vaccine. The pigs were parenterally immunized with either levamisole (at days -2, -1 and 0) or with levamisole and perorally given F18ac+ non-ETEC strain (at day 0), and challenged with F4ac+ ETEC strain 7 days later. At day 13 the pigs were euthanatized and sampled for immunohistological/histomorphometrical analyses. Lymphoid CD3+, CD45RA+, CD45RC+, CD21+, IgA+ and myeloid SWC3+ cell subsets were identified in jejunal and ileal epithelium, lamina propria and Peyer’s patches using the avidin-biotin complex method, and their numbers were determined by computer-assisted histomorphometry. Quantitative immunophenotypic analyses showed that levamisole treated pigs had highly increased numbers of jejunal CD3+, CD45RC+ and SWC3+ cells (p

Published
2009
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2. Histomorphometric characteristics of immune cells in small intestine of pigs perorally immunized with vaccine candidate F18ac+ nonenterotoxigenic E. coli strain

Author

A. Kovsca Janjatovic, G. Lackovic, F. Bozic, D. Spoljaric, M. Popovic, H. Valpotic, N. Vijtiuk, Z. Pavicic, and I. Valpotic

Subjects
nonspecific/specific immunization, E. coli, gut immune cells, pigs., Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Colidiarrhea and colienterotoxemia caused by F4+ and/or F18+ enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) strains are the most prevalent infections of suckling and weaned pigs. Here we tested the immunogenicity and protective effectiveness of attenuated F18ac+ non-ETEC vaccine candidate strain against challenge infection with F4ac+ ETEC strain by quantitative phenotypic analysis of small intestinal leukocyte subsets in weaned pigs. We also evaluated levamisole as an immune response modifier (IRM) and its adjuvanticity when given in the combination with the experimental vaccine. The pigs were parenterally immunized with either levamisole (at days -2, -1 and 0) or with levamisole and perorally given F18ac+ non-ETEC strain (at day 0), and challenged with F4ac+ ETEC strain 7 days later. At day 13 the pigs were euthanatized and sampled for immunohistological/histomorphometrical analyses. Lymphoid CD3+, CD45RA+, CD45RC+, CD21+, IgA+ and myeloid SWC3+ cell subsets were identified in jejunal and ileal epithelium, lamina propria and Peyer’s patches using the avidin-biotin complex method, and their numbers were determined by computer-assisted histomorphometry. Quantitative immunophenotypic analyses showed that levamisole treated pigs had highly increased numbers of jejunal CD3+, CD45RC+ and SWC3+ cells (p

Published
2009
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3. Immunity to bacterial infection (excluding mycobacteria) (PP-060)

Author

T. Majumdar, Y. Shen, T. Ikebe, H. Galkowska, A. Razavi, S. Lu, Z. Lacinova, M. Kalani, I. T. Lin, E. P. Koroleva, D. Hu, T. Tsubata, M. van Meurs, G. Fernández, F. Shokri, M. S. Blake, O. G. Ribeiro, K. Onozaki, Y. Fu, A. Retamal, C. Yeh, I. Gjertsson, Y. Gan, L. Henningsson, S. Goyert, T. Nomura, I. Choi, S. Daim, A. Straskova, L. C. Peters, A. Borrego, S. V. Melnikova, M. Shekarabi, T. E. Michaelsen, B. Rearte, A. Ribeiro, A. V. Kruglov, M. L. Nilles, A. Rivera, E. B. Andrade, T. Takii, P. Fernández, T. Tsuji, D. L. W. Chong, A. Nakane, M. Farhadi, E. N. De Gaspari, Y. Emoto, J. Silver, J. S. Gunn, H. Nanbara, M. Tebianian, Y. Yoshida, J. Stulik, O. Secka, O. M. Rybakova, R. Pastelin-Palacios, M. Antonio, H. Kobayashi, T. Nagasawa, A. A. Oñate, J. Kelly, S. A. Nedospasov, M. Pevsner-Fischer, V. P. Zav'yalov, J. Bruzzo, M. A. Moreno Eutimio, S. Metkar, M. Mitsuyama, S. A. Popova, M. Ramírez-Aguilar, A. V. Tumanov, C. López-Macías, D. Gazivoda, I. Kawamura, R. J. Ingram, H. Osório, J. J. Wu, P. R. Castro, A. Galvan, A. Maglioco, S. Koyasu, S. Kiany, A. V. Tretiyakova, P. Spidlova, S. Blazickova, K. Narita, P. Ferreira, N. Williams, T. Eneljung, K. A. Hodgson, S. Tanaka, M. Ato, C. Q. Ma, T. A. Dragani, T. Kokubo, N. Levchik, R. Riquelme, A. Sikora, N. Tsao, M. Tsuiji, R. Botek, M. Tanaka, A. Rezaei Mokarram, R. Adegbola, M. Shoji, L. Cerrvantes-Barragan, M. Yousefi, M. Popovic, C. Gil-Cruz, L. V. Mikhina, Y. Hara, T. Matsumura, H. Watanabe, G. Lackovic, M. Kroca, L. Eisenbach, L. N. Nesterenko, S. Ebrahimi, T. Ferreira, L. Bonifaz, M. Emoto, A. Magryś, Y. C. Chang, M. Jarrah Zadeh, J. Marek, C. H. Hung, Y. Iwakura, S. Howie, A. Yoshimura, S. Yona, R. Yashiro, J. Paluch-Oleś, N. Yokobori, M. Taghizadeh, K. M. Lam, M. Yano, S. J. Park, J. Wang, H. Valpotic, T. Noguchi, L. Wei, Y. Lim, W. Olszewski, C. Bin, S. Wongratanacheewin, Z. Piao, K. Tsuchiya, A. Osanai, D. S. Bradley, N. I. Shapiro, O. A. Karpova, A. Mitani, R. Shahrami, S. Sriskandan, C. Jung, T. Dzopalic, K. H. Seo, S. C. Clarke, S. Tomic, L. Cerveny, D. Vucevic, N. Imai, T. Canhamero, N. Starobinas, H. Lin, R. Ruggiero, A. Zavaran Hoseini, Y. Matsumura, W. H. K. Cabrera, S. N. Faust, K. Kobayashi, K. V. Shumilov, S. Dramsi, E. Silverpil, J. A. Boch, T. Shimizu, T. Faal, E. Abbasi, I. R. Cohen, S. Matsushita, A. Cordeiro-da-Silva, Y. y. Guo, J. Morris, M. Salari, F. Golsaz-Shirazi, H. Jung, Y. S. Lin, N. Vijtjuk, Y. H. Chou, D. Park, F. Rahimi Bashar, J. M. Jefferies, Y. J. Kim, T. N. Cunha, H. Qu, T. Kikuchi, K. Hiromatsu, M. Markova, K. Nakayama, D. V. Kuprash, Y. Koyama, K. Haruyama, B. K. L. Langerud, Y. Xu, N. Wara-aswapati, L. Arriaga-Pizano, S. I. Han, M. Talebi-Taher, M. Kozioł-Montewka, M. Wójtowicz, W. Brigitte, M. Akkoyunlu, C. Tien, D. Saez, C. I. Pérez-Shibayama, G. Zhang, D. V. Balunets, D. Spoljaric, A. Memarnejadian, P. A. MacAry, P. Trieu-Cuot, B. Govan, T. Suga, G. Kamoshida, K. Asano, E. Hamada, N. V. Kobets, E. García-Zepeda, I. Valpotic, A. Puangpetch, S. Vasilijic, N. Cohen, Y. Bando, C. F. Kuo, R. Anderson, N. Ketheesan, H. Chen, S. Mazumder, G. Gu, C. Poyart, M. Christodoulides, L. Oliveira, R. Margailt, A. Moravej, A. Dragicevic, F. Bozic, K. S. Kim, P. Jirholt, S. Kharb, M. Correira-Neves, K. Janatova, A. Bojang, R. Itoh, J. Djokic, A. Podbielska, E. Stelmach, F. Vorraro, A. Linden, S. Charan, F. Ebrahimi Taj, K. Yano, Y. Y. Wu, J. R. Jensen, S. D. Dewamitta, J. N. Kim, C. Lindholm, A. Tabatabaei, A. Kovšca-Janjatović, D. E. Lowther, M. Isturiz, N. Katsenelson, W. C. Aird, T. Yamamoto, M. Aino, T. Nagai, N. Sohrabi, J. Khoshnoodi, A. A. Denisov, M. Kishimoto, V. A. Magalhães, C. Guzmán, S. Kanswal, Y. S. Korobovtseva, N. Gerasimova, C. Alpuche-Aranda, J. Chia, S. Itoh, I. K. G. Andreasson, J. Alves, H. Hara, C. Chiu, S. Chiba, Y. Abiko, M. Colic, M. Barati, D. Caugant, M. Naito, V. Melichacova, Y. Wang, P. Cejkova, S. Jung, M. Santic, R. Wongratanacheewin, M. Rasouli, M. De Franco, F. Tahmasebi, D. M. Altmann, H. Sashinami, G. Makenzie, K. M. Salmakov, S. Yeo, S. Noorbakhsh, M. Cerna, A. S. Tocheva, F. Ike, A. Isibasi, O. Voronova, Y. Izumi, N. D. Lambert, O. M. Ibañez, P. Madureira, O. D. Sklyarov, K. Dubravko, S. Sakai, I. Becker, H. y. Gu, L. Balboa, and A. S. Apt

Subjects
Immunity, Immunology, Immunology and Allergy, General Medicine, Biology, Microbiology
Published
2010
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4. Burner Developments of the Messer Group for the Nonferrous Metallurgical Industry

Author

B. Holleis, Michael Potesser, and D. Spoljaric

Subjects
Pollutant, Materials science, Waste management, Dross, Metallurgy, chemistry.chemical_element, General Medicine, General Chemistry, Reverberatory furnace, Metallurgical industry, Combustion, Oxygen, Adiabatic flame temperature, chemistry, Combustor
Abstract

The efficiency of industrial combustion processes can be increased, either by preheating the fuel and combustion air or by adding oxygen. The most important issue of the usage of oxygen burners is the substantially increasing melting rate by lowering the specific production costs due to the higher combustion efficiency and lower investment costs. The diluted or flameless combustion (internal off-gas recirculation) and the external off-gas recirculation solve the problem concerning the high flame temperature and lead to cold combustion and lower dross formation. The Oxipyr®-Air combines the technology of diluted combustion during air and oxygen usage decreasing the emission of pollutants. Constitutive of the Oxipyr®-Air development, a fuel-oxygen-burner, Oxipyr®-Flex, was designed for a maximum of flexibility for the customer. The Oxipyr®-Air and Oxipyr®-Flex have been developed for the specific needs of melting and recycling companies for steel and all nonferrous metals industry.

Published
2008
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5. QUALITY OF LIFE/AFTERCARE

Author

S. Rednam, M. Scheurer, A. Adesina, C. Lau, M. Okcu, J. Deatrick, S. Ogle, M. Fisher, L. Barakat, T. Hardie, Y. Li, J. Ginsberg, M. Ben-Arush, E. Krivoy, R. Rosenkranz, M. Peretz-Nahum, R. J. Brown, J. Love, D. Warburton, W. H. McBride, S. Bluml, S. Mueller, K. Sear, N. Hills, N. Chettout, S. Afghani, L. Lew, E. Tolentino, D. Haas-Kogan, H. Fullerton, W. Reddick, S. Palmer, J. Glass, R. Ogg, A. Gajjar, A. Omar, S. Perkins, E. Shinohara, D. Spoljaric, J. Isenberg, M. Whittington, M. Hauff, A. King, K. Litzelman, E. Barker, K. Catrine, D. Puccetti, P. Possin, W. Witt, C. Mallucci, R. Kumar, B. Pizer, D. Williams, B. Pettorini, J. Piscione, E. Bouffet, I. Shams, A. Kulkarni, T. Remes, A. Harila-Saari, M. Suo-Palosaari, P. Arikoski, P. Riikonen, A. Sutela, P. Koskenkorva, M. Ojaniemi, H. Rantala, C. J. Campen, D. Ashby, P. G. Fisher, M. Monje, A. V. Kulkarni, H. Nakamura, K. Makino, S. Yano, J.-i. Kuratsu, F. Jadrijevic-Cvrlje, M. Batinica, H. Toledano, T. Hoffman, Y. Ezer-Cohen, S. Michowiz, I. Yaniv, I. J. Cohen, I. Adler, S. Mindel, M. Gopalakrishnamoorthy, D. Saunders, M. Gaze, H. Spoudeas, V. Kieffer, G. Dellatolas, M. Chevignard, S. Puget, F. Dhermain, J. Grill, C. Dufour, R. Muir, A. Hunter, A. Latchman, O. de Camargo, K. Scheinemann, N. Dhir, W. Zaky, T. Zomorodian, K. Wong, G. Dhall, M. Macy, C. Lauro, P. Zeitler, N. Foreman, A. Liu, M. Chocholous, P. Dodier, A. Peyrl, K. Dieckmann, G. Hausler, I. Slavc, S. Avula, D. Garlick, G. Armstrong, T. Kawashima, W. Leisenring, M. Stovall, C. Sklar, L. Robison, C. Samaan, J. Duckworth, N. Greenberg-Kushnir, S. Freedman, R. Eshel, N. Zverling, R. Elhasid, R. Dvir, M. Yalon, S. Constantini, S. Wilne, J.-F. Liu, J. Trusler, S. Lundsell, C. Kennedy, L. Clough, N. Dickson, M. Lakhanpaul, M. Baker, J. Dudley, R. Grundy, D. Walker, K. von Hoff, N. Herzog, H. Ottensmeier, D. Grabow, N. U. Gerber, C. Friedrich, A. O. von Bueren, A. Resch, R. D. Kortmann, P. Kaatsch, H. G. Doerr, S. Rutkowski, F. del Bufalo, A. Mastronuzzi, A. Serra, L. de Sio, F. Locatelli, V. Biassoni, M. Leonardi, D. Ajovalasit, D. Riva, C. Vago, A. Usilla, P. Fidani, E. Schiavello, F. Gariboldi, M. Massimino, R. Lober, S. Perrault, S. Partap, M. Edwards, P. Fisher, K. Yeom, D. Salgado, S. Nunes, S. Vinhais, E. M. Wells, K. Seidel, N. J. Ullrich, L. Diller, K. R. Krull, J. Neglia, L. L. Robison, K. Whelan, C. E. Russell, D. Brownstone, C. Kaise, K. Bull, D. Culliford, G. Calaminus, D. Bertin, S. Vallero, E. Romano, M. E. Basso, E. Biasin, F. Fagioli, K. Ziara, A. L'Hotta, A. Williams, R. Thede, K. Moore, A. James, E. Bjorn, P. Franzen, A. Haag, A.-K. Lax, I. Moreno, J. Obeid, B. W. Timmons, W. Iwata, S. Wagner, J.-S. Lai, K. Waddell, S. VanLeeuwen, M. Newmark, J. Noonan, K. O'Connell, M. Urban, S. Yount, S. Goldman, D. Igoe, T. Cunningham, M. Orfus, D. Mabbott, C. Liptak, P. Manley, C. Recklitis, P. Zhang, F. Shaikh, I. Narang, K. Matsumoto, K. Yamasaki, K. Okada, H. Fujisaki, Y. Osugi, J. Hara, K. Phipps, D. Gumley, T. Jacques, D. Hargrave, A. Michalski, C. Chordas, S. Chi, N. Robison, P. Bandopadhayay, K. Marcus, M. A. Zimmerman, L. Goumnerova, M. Kieran, S. Brand, T. Brinkman, B. Delaney, T. Diver, C. Rey, J. R. Madden, M. S. Hemenway, L. Dorneman, D. Stiller, A. K. Liu, N. K. Foreman, R. Vibhakar, M. Mitchell, M. Hemenway, J. Madden, M. Ryan, R. O'Kane, S. Picton, T. Kenny, C. Stiller, P. Chumas, A. Bendel, R. Patterson, M. Barrera, F. Schulte, U. Bartels, L. Janzen, D. Johnston, D. Cataudella, J. Chung, L. Sung, K. Hancock, J. Hukin, S. Zelcer, S. Brandon, I. Montour-Proulx, D. Strother, R. Cooksey, D. Bowers, L. Gargan, A. Gode, L. Klesse, J. Oden, G. Vega, F. Sala, D. Nuzzi, M. Mulino, B. Masotto, C. Mazza, A. Bricolo, M. Gerosa, M. Tong, S. Laughlin, S. Mackie, L. Taylor, G. Sharpe, O. Al-Salihi, and G. Nicolin

Subjects
Oncology, Medulloblastoma, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Chemotherapy, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Amifostine, Multimodality Therapy, medicine.disease, Clinical trial, Abstracts, Ototoxicity, Primitive neuroectodermal tumor, Internal medicine, Immunology, medicine, Neurology (clinical), Adverse effect, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzymes are involved in detoxifying chemotherapy agents and clearing reactive oxygen species formed by radiation. In this study, we explored the relationship between the host GSTP1-105 polymorphism (rs1695), tumor GSTpi protein expression, and clinical outcomes in pediatric medulloblastoma. We hypothesized that the GSTP1-105 G-allele and increased tumor GSTpi expression would be associated with lower progression-free survival and fewer adverse events. METHODS: The study included 106 medulloblastoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) patients seen at Texas Children’s Cancer Center. Genotyping was performed using an Illumina HumanOmni1-Quad BeadChip and tumor GSTpi expression was assessed using immunohistochemistry. We used the Kaplan-Meier method for survival analyses and multivariable logistic regression for toxicity comparisons. RESULTS: Patients with a GSTP1-105 AG/GG genotype or who had received a higher dose of craniospinal radiation (median 36 Gy) had a greater risk of requiring hearing aids than their respective counterparts (OR 4.0, 95%CI 1.2 - 13.6, and OR 3.1, 95%CI 1.1 - 8.8, respectively). Additionally, there was a statistically significant interaction between the two variables. Compared with the lowest risk group (GSTP1-105 AA-lower dose radiation) patients with a GSTP1-105 AG/GG genotype who received a higher dose radiation were 8.4 times more likely to require hearing aids (95%CI 1.4 - 49.9, p-trend ¼ 0.005). When adjusted for age, gender, and amifostine use, the association remained. CONCLUSIONS: The GSTP1-105 G-allele is associated with permanent ototoxicity in pediatric medulloblastoma/PNET and strongly interacts with radiation dose. A possible mechanism for this finding is that the GSTP1-105 G-allele leads to reduced GSTpi free radical detoxification in the setting of multimodality therapy including cisplatin and radiation. Patients with this allele should be considered for clinical trials employing radiation dose modifications and more targeted cytoprotectant strategies than are currently being used with amifostine.

Published
2012

7. Charakterisierung von Eisenbasis-Sinterwerkstoffen durch quantitative Fraktographie / Characterization of Pressed and Sintered Ferrous Materials by Quantitative Fractography

Author

Herbert Danninger, Brigitte Weiss, R. Stickler, G. Jangg, and D. Spoljaric

Subjects
Materials science, Metallurgy, technology, industry, and agriculture, Metals and Alloys, Sintering, Cleavage (crystal), Fractography, equipment and supplies, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Characterization (materials science), Ferrous, Cross section (physics), Mechanics of Materials, Fracture (geology), Porosity
Abstract

From low-deformation fracture surfaces obtained by impact loading at 77K or by high cycle fatigue testing, the load bearing cross section can be quantitatively determined both for sintered iron and high strength steel, respectively. In the sintered iron, the fracture mode - cleavage fracture vs. ductile rupture ― also gives indication of the pore connectivity. In the technically interesting porosity range 5 to 20 % sintered iron can be imagined as containing both interconnected and isolated pores which are respectively grouped in clusters. Slight changes in total porosity or the sintering regime change the ratio of isolated to interconnected pores and thus strongly affect the load bearing cross section which in turn influences in particular the mechanical properties of the material

Published
1994
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8. Adolescent survivors' information needs for transitions to postsecondary education and employment.

Author

Hauff M, Abel R, Hersh J, Isenberg J, Spoljaric D, Hayashi RJ, and King AA

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Cancer Survivors education, Neoplasms, Patient Education as Topic
Abstract

Background: Adolescent and young adult (AYA) survivors of cancer and central nervous system (CNS) tumors endure major life disruptions with their diagnosis, treatment, and the burden of emerging learning difficulties. Survivors and their parents often struggle to obtain more academic support as survivors transition through school. This study explored the knowledge and experience survivors and their parents need as they progress through school to college., Methods: This cross-sectional study examined childhood cancer and CNS tumor survivors, aged 11 to 21 years, with a known learning difficulty (Individual Education Plan, 504 Plan) and their parents. We assessed participants' knowledge of and experience with transition planning for postsecondary education and independent living., Results: Ninety-two AYA survivors and parents (45 survivors, 47 parents) completed the survey. High school-aged survivors described their learning difficulties better than middle school-aged survivors. Survivors estimated their abilities higher than did their parents. Despite a majority of survivors expecting to attend college, 68.5% of survivors and 57.9% of parents were not certain how to get special accommodations for standardized college entrance exams. Only 20.8% of survivors were aware of what a transition plan includes. Parents understood the transition planning process and when it should begin better than the students (P = 0.001), but many parents (40.0%) were still unsure., Conclusions: AYA survivors and parents lack knowledge necessary to successfully transition to their goals after high school. Greater education is needed., (© 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Published
2019
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9. The cyclic AMP pathway is a sex-specific modifier of glioma risk in type I neurofibromatosis patients.

Author

Warrington NM, Sun T, Luo J, McKinstry RC, Parkin PC, Ganzhorn S, Spoljaric D, Albers AC, Merkelson A, Stewart DR, Stevenson DA, Viskochil D, Druley TE, Forys JT, Reilly KM, Fisher MJ, Tabori U, Allen JC, Schiffman JD, Gutmann DH, and Rubin JB

Subjects
Animals, Astrocytes metabolism, Astrocytes pathology, Female, Glioma genetics, Humans, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Neurofibromatosis 1 genetics, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Signal Transduction, Cyclic AMP metabolism, Glioma metabolism, Neurofibromatosis 1 metabolism
Abstract

Identifying modifiers of glioma risk in patients with type I neurofibromatosis (NF1) could help support personalized tumor surveillance, advance understanding of gliomagenesis, and potentially identify novel therapeutic targets. Here, we report genetic polymorphisms in the human adenylate cyclase gene adenylate cyclase 8 (ADCY8) that correlate with glioma risk in NF1 in a sex-specific manner, elevating risk in females while reducing risk in males. This finding extends earlier evidence of a role for cAMP in gliomagenesis based on results in a genetically engineered mouse model (Nf1 GEM). Thus, sexually dimorphic cAMP signaling might render males and females differentially sensitive to variation in cAMP levels. Using male and female Nf1 GEM, we found significant sex differences exist in cAMP regulation and in the growth-promoting effects of cAMP suppression. Overall, our results establish a sex-specific role for cAMP regulation in human gliomagenesis, specifically identifying ADCY8 as a modifier of glioma risk in NF1., (©2014 American Association for Cancer Research.)

Published
2015
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10. Endogenous 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal in microalga Chlorella kessleri acts as a bioactive indicator of pollution with common herbicides and growth regulating factor of hormesis.

Author

Spoljaric D, Cipak A, Horvatic J, Andrisic L, Waeg G, Zarkovic N, and Jaganjac M

Subjects
Adaptation, Physiological, Chlorella growth & development, Chlorella metabolism, Chlorophyll metabolism, Hormesis, Hydrogen Peroxide toxicity, Lipid Peroxidation, Oxidants toxicity, Reactive Oxygen Species metabolism, Acetamides toxicity, Aldehydes metabolism, Chlorella drug effects, Herbicides toxicity, Oxidative Stress, Triazines toxicity, Water Pollutants, Chemical toxicity
Abstract

Oxidative stress, i.e. excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leads to lipid peroxidation and to formation of reactive aldehydes (e.g. 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal; HNE), which act as second messengers of free radicals. It was previously shown that herbicides can induce ROS production in algal cells. In the current paper, the unicellular green microalga Chlorella kessleri was used to study the effect of two herbicides (S-metolachlor and terbuthylazine) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) on oxidative stress induction, HNE formation, chlorophyll content and the cell growth. Production of HNE was detected in this study for the first time in the cells of unicellular green algae using the antibody specific for the HNE-histidine adducts revealing the HNE-histidine adducts even in untreated, control C. kessleri. Exposure of algal cells to herbicides and H(2)O(2) increased the ROS production, modifying production of HNE. Namely, 4h upon treatment the levels of HNE-histidine conjugates were below controls. However, their amount increased afterwards. The increase of HNE levels in algae was followed by their increased growth rate, as was previously described for human carcinoma cells. Hence, changes in the cellular HNE content upon herbicide treatment inducing lipid oxidative stress and alterations in cellular growth rate of C. kessleri resemble adaptation of malignant cells to the HNE treatment. Therefore, as an addition to the standard toxicity tests, the evaluation of HNE-protein adducts in C. kessleri might indicate environmental pollution with lipid peroxidation-inducing herbicides. Finally, C. kessleri might be a convenient experimental model to further study cellular hormetic adaptation to oxidative stress-derived aldehydes., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2011
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