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Background: Vocabulary knowledge plays a pivotal role in academic development, particularly among Grade 1 students. To support students in their academic development, effective assessment instruments in educational settings are crucial. The GraWo (Graz Vocabulary Test) is introduced as a tool designed to evaluate receptive vocabulary in German-speaking countries in print and in digital mode. Objectives: This study aims to investigate mode effects in the GraWo among Grade 1 students, comparing vocabulary gains in digital and print versions. Additionally, it explores the influence of student characteristics, such as gender and language status, and examines item-level differences between the two modes in order to gain a more comprehensive understanding of test performance. Design: The research design entails a longitudinal approach, following children (n  =  421) from the beginning to the end of Grade 1, varying the test modes (digital or print) only at second measurement (40% receiving the print version), while at first measurement all children worked with the digital version. Results: Baseline comparisons of test mode groups indicated almost no significant differences. In terms of growth in vocabulary during Grade 1, an ANOVA with repeated measures revealed a main effect for time, indicating increased performance in both groups at second measurement. Moreover, an interaction effect between time and test mode group showed that the print group exhibited higher gains in the vocabulary test compared to the digital group. Further analysis using MNLFA confirmed that the print mode group outperformed the digital group overall and that four items were also individually affected by differences between the digital and print versions. Conclusion: The study emphasizes the need for nuanced investigations into the impact of test mode on student performance and suggests incorporating observational methods to comprehensively understand student interactions with digital and print modes. In acknowledging potential variations in performance, educators and policymakers need to tailor practices to accommodate the demands of hybrid test procedures and to consider the role of digital competence in shaping testing experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-quality printing is a longstanding objective in the printing and replication industry. However, the methods used to evaluate print quality suffer from subjectivity and multidimensionality, relying on personal preferences and subjective perceptions to assess the quality of printed images, which poses significant limitations. To address these issues, a set of evaluation metrics aimed at assessing the quality of digital printing products is proposed to achieve evaluation results consistent with human visual perception. Given the differing imaging principles of pre-press digital images and post-scan images, these images are first preprocessed to standardize them for comparison. Next, features are extracted in both spatial and frequency domains, and similarity metrics are used to quantify the differences in features between pre-press digital images and post-scan images. Finally, a multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network regression model is trained to predict the final objective quality scores. Experimental results on two standard databases demonstrate that this metric exhibits high consistency in both subjective and objective quality evaluation metrics for printed image quality assessment and outperforms other metrics in terms of accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we will compare selected examples of writers' digital libraries, from the Renaissance to contemporary times, to study the different rhetorical strategies that preside over their digital discourse. Second, we will analyze how the rhetoric of digital discourse on digital libraries can influence the "author's posture" (Meizoz 2007), both at the institutional and individual level. We will discuss three different cases: the first is that of virtual, even "mental", "memory" (Ferrer 2001) libraries of authors of the past, reconstructed by specialists from the books these writers read or owned, as in the case of the MONLOE project-dedicated to Michel de Montaigne. The second is that of virtual libraries of "amphibious" authors, working in both media (print and digital), following the example of the forerunner François Bon. The third is that of "collective" librariesplatforms, such as Wattpad and Panodyssey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction : Age-related changes (e.g., cognitive, physiologic) can affect an individual's mobility and increase risks for falls and motor-vehicle crashes, which are leading causes of injuries and injury deaths among older Americans. To address this issue, CDC developed MyMobility Plan (MMP) products to help older adults make plans to reduce injury risks and promote safe mobility. In 2019, MMP products were disseminated to older adults and partner organizations. Dissemination strategies consisted of digital and print distribution and partner outreach. Methods : To assess dissemination efforts, a process (or implementation) evaluation was conducted from January to June 2019. Data were collected for 17 indicators (e.g., counts of webpage visits, product downloads, social media posts). Key informant interviews were conducted with partners, and qualitative analyses of interview data were undertaken to identify key themes related to their dissemination experiences. Results : Findings showed the dissemination resulted in 13,425 product downloads and print copy orders and reached almost 155,000 individuals through email subscriber lists, websites, webinars, and presentations. It is unknown what proportion of these individuals were older adults. Social media metrics were higher than expected, and 58 partners promoted products within their networks. Partner interviews emphasized the need for guidance on dissemination, collaboration with local partners, and integration of the products within a program model to ensure broader reach to and use by older adults. Conclusions : The evaluation of the dissemination campaign identified strategies that were successful in creating exposure to the MMP and others that could improve reach in the future. Those strategies include meaningful and early partner engagement for dissemination. Practical applications : Building in evaluation from the start can facilitate development of appropriate data collection measures to assess project success. Engaging partners as active disseminators in the planning stages can help increase the reach of public health tools and resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While articulated surgical instruments have enabled the proliferation of minimally invasive interventions, procedures such as laparo-endoscopic single-site surgery are waning in popularity. One potential reason for this decline is a lack of sufficiently dexterous instruments. Although multi-steerable instruments exist, these are often complex and therefore expensive assemblies. Even when 3D printing was used to simplify the design of these instruments, the requirement for high-performance 3D printers limited the reduction in manufacturing costs. To tackle this issue, we propose six guidelines for converting a 3D printed compliant medical instrument from printing on a Digital Light Processing (DLP) printer to a Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) printer. These guidelines provide a framework to manage and compensate for differences in the two processes to achieve comparable results at a reduced cost. The proposed guidelines were evaluated by assembling a FFF 3D printed prototype that shows equivalent performance to its DLP 3D printed counterpart. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The digital light processing (DLP) printer has proven to be effective in biomedical and pharmaceutical applications, as its printing method does not induce shear and a strong temperature on the resin. In addition, the DLP printer has good resolution and print quality, which makes it possible to print complex structures with a customized shape, being used for various purposes ranging from jewelry application to biomedical and pharmaceutical areas. The big disadvantage of DLP is the lack of a biocompatible and non-toxic resin on the market. To overcome this limitation, an ideal resin for biomedical and pharmaceutical use is needed. The resin must have appropriate properties, so that the desired format is printed when with a determined wavelength is applied. Thus, the aim of this work is to bring the basic characteristics of the resins used by this printing method and the minimum requirements to start printing by DLP for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. The DLP method has proven to be effective in obtaining pharmaceutical devices such as drug delivery systems. Furthermore, this technology allows the printing of devices of ideal size, shape and dosage, providing the patient with personalized treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) is a well‐known set of software originally developed for geosciences, allowing scientists in climate and solid earth disciplines to routinely create publish‐ready maps and graphics. However, GMT users rarely make animations despite their undeniable benefit for understanding and teaching dynamic processes. As reading habits shift from print to digital, capitalizing on animations for illustrating scientific concepts is more accessible than ever. In the latest GMT version (6.5), we have added and refined the movie‐making modules, alleviating the time‐consuming steps that would hinder GMT users from making such animations. In this paper, we will explain how GMT's "movie" module works and provide six representative examples, from basic to more advanced, to show some of its key features. We hope our presentation will encourage the masses to routinely create animations for their publications. Plain Language Summary: We live in an era where accessing digital information through all kinds of screens is easily possible. These media allow the display of animations and movies. However, in scientific publications, these formats are scarcely used despite their compatibility with most systems and their clear benefit to illustrate dynamic processes. In this paper, we show how the Generic Mapping Tools software facilitates the creation of animations ranging from simple to complex. With this article, we wish to help and encourage all those involved in scientific outreach to produce pedagogical content that is in tune with the uses of our time. Key Points: Dynamic content (like animations) can be critical to show changes in scienceThe Generic Mapping Tools software empowers users to easily create animations by taking over non‐trivial tasksWe encourage scientists to routinely create animations when discussing temporal or spatial changes [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to make a contribution to the development of creative fashion culture through the expansion of creative fields in the fashion design area and also the combination of fashion and art techniques, by classifying the cases of Trompe Loeil expressed in modern fashion, and also analyzing its aesthetic characteristics. Conducting the qualitative research through the literature study and the analysis of design cases, The results are as follows: First, based on the preceding research, the types of Trompe Loeil expressed in modern fashion were shown as realistic expression of clothing, movement of daily objects, double images, and application of human body. Second, the aesthetic characteristics of Trompe Loeil based on its expression types were deconstruction, avant-garde, and amusements. The deconstruction was expressed in the expression type of Trompe Loeil such as freedom of materials using digital printing technique, change in the position of clothes, and movement of daily items using collage technique by collecting objets like daily items or waste. The avant-garde was expressed by switching/overlapping in and out of clothes, intentionally exposing some body parts like breast or torso, displacing body parts, and moving daily items. The amusements was shown by realistically expressing accessories or details of clothes using digital printing technique, or moving daily items such as book and fork.

We report the first use of ERP measures to identify text engagement differences when reading digitally or in print. Depth of semantic encoding is key for reading comprehension, and we predicted that deeper reading of expository texts would facilitate stronger associations with subsequently-presented related words, resulting in enhanced N400 responses to unrelated probe words and a graded attenuation of the N400 to related and moderately related words. In contrast, shallow reading would produce weaker associations between probe words and text passages, resulting in enhanced N400 responses to both moderately related and unrelated words, and an attenuated response to related words. Behavioral research has shown deeper semantic encoding of text from paper than from a screen. Hence, we predicted that the N400 would index deeper reading of text passages that were presented in print, and shallower reading of texts presented digitally. Middle-school students (n = 59) read passages in digital and print formats and high-density EEG was recorded while participants completed single-word semantic judgment tasks after each passage. Following digital text presentation, the N400 response pattern to moderately-related words indicated shallow reading, tracking with responses to words that were unrelated to the text. Following print reading, the N400 responses to moderately-related words patterned instead with responses to related words, interpreted as an index of deeper reading. These findings provide evidence of differences in brain responses to texts presented in print and digital media, including deeper semantic encoding for print than digital texts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The field of bioelectronics with the aim to contact cells, cell clusters, biological tissues and organoids has become a vast enterprise. Currently, it is mainly relying on classical micro‐ and nanofabrication methods to build devices and systems. Very recently the field is highly pushed by the development of novel printable organic, inorganic and biomaterials as well as advanced digital printing technologies such as laser and inkjet printing employed in this endeavor. Recent advantages in alternative additive manufacturing and 3D printing methods enable interesting new routes, in particular for applications requiring the incorporation of delicate biomaterials or creation of 3D scaffold structures that show a high potential for bioelectronics and building of hybrid bio‐/inorganic devices. Here the current state of printed 2D and 3D electronic structures and related lithography techniques for the interfacing of electronic devices with biological systems are reviewed. The focus lies on in vitro applications for interfacing single cell, cell clusters, and organoids. Challenges and future prospects are discussed for all‐printed hybrid bio/electronic systems targeting biomedical research, diagnostics, and health monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Liquid metal (LM) and liquid metal alloys (LMs) possess unique physicochemical features, which have become emerging and functionalized materials that are attractive applicants in various fields. Herein, uniform LM nanodroplets armored by carbon dots (LMD@CDs) were prepared and exhibited high colloidal stability in various solvents, as well as water. After optimization, LMD@CDs can be applied as functional additives for the 3D/4D printing of hydrogel and cross‐linked resin through digital light processing (DLP). The light absorption of LMD@CDs not only improved the printing accuracy, but also led to the cross‐linking density differential during the post‐curing process. Base on the cross‐linking density differential of soft hydrogel and photothermal performance of the LM, the 3D printed objects can exhibit stimulus responses to both water and laser irradiation. Additionally, the CDs shell and LM core of LMD@CDs provide the printed objects interesting photoluminescence and electric conductivity capabilities, respectively. We deduce this versatile 3D/4D printing system would provide a new platform for the preparation of multi‐functional and stimuli‐responsive advance materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital printing is affected by several parameters therefore, Process changes aimed at improving printer engine performance must take into consideration not only the process variables, but also the melt rheological variables. The thermo-mechanical properties of Konica Minolta BizHub C350 toners (in four colors) have been investigated with TGA, DSC and rheometer, as well as the physical and optical properties that have been evaluated using optical microscope, laser scattering particle size analyzer and spectrophotometer. The thermo-rheological evolution of the electrophotographic printing toners in the fusing stage of the image development has been investigated thoroughly. It was found that by increasing the temperature, the toner particles undergo initial surface fusing at around 70 °C which is followed by reduction in viscosity. However, the melting of the particles takes place at 155-172 °C which is resulted in completely merged particles. The melting temperature of the fur colors are occurred at a specific order that matches the standard printing sequence of four-color printing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The book "Im Berufssprachkurs B1: Deutsch als Zweitsprache" by Isabel Buchwald-Wargenau and Dagmar Giersberg is a comprehensive textbook for adult German learners in vocational language courses. It prepares for the German test for the B1 level in the professional field and is based on the learning objectives of the Federal Office for Migration and Refugees. The book consists of a course and workbook, contains 20 lessons, and offers exercises on various job-related and cross-professional fields of action. It also includes tips on learning strategies and is available in both printed and digital form. The work is visually appealing and provides a variety of exercise opportunities for the reception and production of new grammatical structures and speech patterns in a professional context. [Extracted from the article]

Recent studies have shown contradictory results on the influence of digital technology on the level of reading comprehension performance in college students. This paper examines the existence of differences in reading comprehension between the use of digital technology and traditional support in college students. A meta-analysis of international publications between 2012–2022 is carried out with a total sample of 481 students. The results indicate that technology has not an average positive effect on reading comprehension. The study evidences improvement in students' reading comprehension with printed medium with an effect size of 0.19. The practical implications should be aimed at stimulating research with new digital resources and increasing educational actions on teaching methodology in the classroom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the development of a camouflage uniform production system for civilian use with an emphasis on survival and hunting. Effective camouflage requires precise reproduction of the colors, textures, and patterns of specific landscapes, increasing hunting success and unnoticed movement. The technological process of fabric dyeing, necessary for the production of high-quality camouflage uniforms, includes fabric preparation, dyeing and strict quality control.. Fabric preparation includes cleaning, soaking, bleaching, and mercerization to ensure uniform dye absorption and durability. Dyeing methods vary by fabric type, with reactive dyes for natural fibers and disperse dyes for synthetics. Quality control includes visual inspections and tests for colorfastness under various conditions. Advanced dyeing techniques such as continuous dyeing, spray dyeing, stencil dyeing and digital printing have been analyzed to offer certain advantages. Machines like the Mimaki TX300P handle various fabric widths with high precision and reliability, enhancing efficiency. Automation using the Mimaki TX300P streamlines the dyeing process, optimizing ink consumption and integrating fabric loading, printing, and cutting systems. A customer relationship management system further automates garment creation, enhancing design, order management, and quality control. Tools like CLO3D enable detailed 3D modeling and accurate pattern reproduction. The customer relationship management system coordinates production stages and provides precise paint usage recommendations, ensuring efficient resource management and high-quality outcomes. In conclusion, developing and automating fabric dyeing processes for camouflage uniforms involve advanced technologies and meticulous quality control, ensuring durable, colorfast camouflage clothing that blends effectively into natural environments for civilian use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The versatility of nanofibres enables them to be used for various technological applications such as filtration, biomedicine and healthcare, composites, protective and functional textiles. Recently, in addition to the functional properties of electrospun nanofibrous mats, their aesthetic properties have been explored. Herein, attempts have been made to develop digital ink‐jet printing of regenerated cellulose nanofibrous mats with reactive inks. First, a cellulose acetate polymer was created to fabricate electrospun cellulose acetate nanofibrous mats, which were then converted into regenerated cellulose nanofibrous mats through deacetylation. Next, the cellulose nanofibrous mats were treated with an alkaline solution then coloured with four (cyan, magenta, yellow and black) commercially available reactive inks by a digital ink‐jet printing method using a piezoelectric digital ink‐jet printer. Various parameters were investigated, including the optimal concentration of the pretreatment agents, fixation temperature and time, colour yield and the absorbency of the electrospun nanofibrous mats. The digital ink‐jet printed cellulose nanofibrous mats exhibited excellent colour yield and colour fastness properties. Morphological analysis through scanning electron microscopy and chemical analysis through Fourier Transform–infrared were also carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Print nonuniformity is the variation of optical density (reflection) on the print and can occur in several different types that can be classified into two basic groups: random and systematic variations. This article examines two types from each group of variations that are most commonly found in digital printing systems: blotches and streaks, where amplitude and size were varied. Three most commonly used methods for measuring the print nonuniformity were used: Grey Level Co‐occurrence Matrix (GLCM), ISO 13660 and Integration (also Improved Integration) method. The results obtained by measuring were compared with a visual assessment to find the link between objective and subjective analysis and to define and determine which method/parameter is the best for the measurement of which type of print (non)uniformity. The obtained results indicate the possibility of selecting the measurement parameter, but that the choice of the parameter depends on the type of nonuniformity. It is concluded that in the case of the GLCM method, the entropy and energy parameters are strongly related to the visual assessment for all three sets of samples. These parameters can be used regardless of the type of nonuniformity. The ISO G parameter can be used to measure both graininess and mottling, while the ISO M parameter is only suitable for measuring mottling. Integration method could be used to measure systematic error. On the basis of conclusions of the research, it is possible to propose the development of an industrially applicable solution for measuring print nonuniformity of digitally printed samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After the establishment of any facility, it is quite necessary to determine the profitability of the unit. The present research provides a detailed analysis of the case unit along with the necessary costs and returns on investment. This research paper also includes the cost and benefits analysis of a newly installed digital printing department at Sapphire Diamond Company. Since the relationship between fabric printing and most of the costs is non-linear, this is the reason the system dynamics modelling technique was used in the present research; it was used to model the requirement of material, electricity, and human resources. The model was developed by using the stocks, flows, variables, and parameters in the Anylogic PLE version and the simulated results were validated from the real-time scenario. The data regarding the labour cost, electricity cost, and material cost were collected from the case department. Furthermore, the scenario analysis was conducted and simulated results were downloaded in Microsoft Excel. Several line charts were plotted in Microsoft Excel and Origin software. It was indicated from the scenario analysis that the cost per meter decreased by increasing the production rate. It was also indicated that if the digital printing machine was operated at its maximum capacity, the ROI would be maximum. Incurred overheads were also the subject of concern in the present scenario. After the overall analysis, it was concluded that the digital printing facility was still in profit even if its production rate per day was 150+50. Since the present research encompasses the detailed cost and benefit analysis of a newly installed digital printing facility, therefore, it can be beneficial for investors as analytical support to decide on installing digital textile printing machines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a study on color preferences among a sample of Ghanaian adults. Two surveys were conducted, with a total of 143 participants (50 in Survey 1, and 93 in Survey 2). The participants completed both printed and digital questionnaires to gather data on their color preferences. The results showed that blue was the most preferred color by both males and females in general, but not for specific items. In survey 2, a chi-square test on categorical variables revealed a significant relationship between gender and preference for light, dark, or bright colors (p=0.025), as well as gender and number of preferred colors per personal item (p=0.02). However, no significant relationships were found between gender and change of colors from childhood (p=0.73), gender and number of preferred colors (p=0.204), gender and most preferred colors (p=0.216), age, and the number of preferred colors (p=0.19). Interestingly, 66.3% of the participants in Survey 2 indicated that their preferred colors were based on innate attraction, regardless of whether their color preferences had changed or remained the same since childhood. Overall, blue and red were the most preferred colors, with a score of 34.4%. These findings provide valuable insights for design practitioners and communicators and offer a basis for future research on color preferences among Ghanaians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the prediction of CMYK digital values and inversion of forward characterization models have been investigated using a genetic algorithm (GA). First, the forward characterization of the printer is performed and the optimum n-values in YNSN and spectral n-value models are obtained. The optimum n-values are used for the prediction of CMYK digital values, and the effective area coverages are obtained by GA. Then, the effective area coverages are converted in to CMYK digital values. The results show that the forward characterization of the printer by spectral n-value is better than others. Also, the best result of CMYK digital values prediction is obtained by GA using spectral n-value as the objective function. So, the quality of forward characterization model is one of the important factors in color matching by GA using inversion of the forward characterization models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The specialised community of (Anglophone) mountaineers began producing their own systematic lexicographical output in the second half of the 19th century. Since then, digitalisation has led to more and more online resources of 'Mountaineering English' (MountE) being created. In this contribution, a major print dictionary by Samet (2011) is compared to four online resources of MountE in terms of their micro-structure and their macro-structure. The study shows that, with few exceptions, the online resources make little use of digital affordances; the print dictionary is the most comprehensive and the most complex in almost all aspects. However, there are important differences between all five resources as far as their micro- and macro-structures are concerned. Overall, the paper highlights that, while the lexicographical efforts of the community are laudable, more work needs to be done. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paperboard boxes represent a sought-after class of packaging products, where the use of recycled fibers offers a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative to virgin fibers. The presence of a significant proportion of recycled fibers in the paperboard leads to a number of limitations associated with the deterioration of its characteristics. In this study, the properties of coated and uncoated paperboards containing recycled fibers, wood pulp, and virgin cellulose fibers were investigated using a laboratory sample of paperboard produced from 100% recycled fibers without any chemical additives for comparison. Properties such as smoothness, bulk density, absorbency, and tensile strength, as well as colorimetric characteristics, were determined for the recycled paperboards; for the latter test, charts were printed using inkjet printing and UV-curable inks. Whiteness was calculated by three formulae (CIE, Berger, and Stensby), and all the paperboards had a relatively low whiteness (not exceeding 90 CIE), with a yellowish tint due to recycled fibers and mechanical pulp in the composition. The absence of optical brightening agents in the paperboards was experimentally confirmed. The color gamuts of the paperboards were in direct ratio to their whiteness, with the highest ones demonstrated by the coated paperboards. Color reproduction, according to the tone value increase curves, also depended on the whiteness. Uncoated paperboards demonstrated smaller color shifts than the coated ones, with the greatest increase in tone for yellow color. Coated recycled paperboards are suitable for packaging printing under the same conditions as virgin fiber boards, while uncoated boards are the recommended choice for digital printing with UV inks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this letter, a comprehensive and detailed introduction to the current security risks faced by networked printers is given, the security monitoring platform and attack detection method are explained, and the actual monitoring results are analyzed. In particular, the most comprehensive feature knowledge database for networked printer is organized and published. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study entailed the development of an advanced photocatalyst model characterized by high efficiency and ease in dispersion and retrieval processes. This model incorporates a multiscale-hierarchical open-cell structure integrated with nanostructured materials, effectively targeting the removal of organic compounds from wastewater. The fabrication of the specimens was achieved through a combined approach of additive manufacturing and chemical synthesis. The open-cell structure, composed of photopolymerized polymers and synthesized nanocrystals, displays a notable aspect ratio, an extensive surface area, and a significant porosity. These features facilitate the concurrent entry of fluid and light into the core of the framework, leading to enhanced light scattering and activation of photoinduced redox reactions on organic contaminants adhered to the anatase TiO2 surface. The photocatalytic performance was quantified through a spectroscopic analysis, monitoring the absorbance changes associated with organic pollutant degradation. In addition, the influence of open-cell structures on nanomaterial growth under hydrothermal synthesis conditions was explored using finite element method simulations, with findings corroborated by microscopic examination. The functional effectiveness of the novel photocatalyst was assessed through compression tests, analysis of changes pre- and post-reaction, and evaluations of reusability. The developed 3D photocatalyst offers straightforward installation, relocation, and operation, presenting a resilient and effective solution for employing nanoscale catalysts while significantly reducing secondary contamination risks from nanomaterials in aquatic environments. This innovative structure holds potential for application in diverse sectors, including hydrogen production, water decomposition, CO2 capture, and biomedicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Textile materials are an essential part of contemporary architecture, the environment, and urban spaces due to their unique appearance and qualities, as it is now possible to achieve both a structural function and an aesthetic quality with textiles. As colour is one of the most important characteristics of textile material, it is also important to understand the relationships between colour and textile material with different surface qualities. In order to explain the complexity of different textile materials and the appearance of colours, which consequently affects the colour properties, this paper analyses this phenomenon. The presented research analyses the dependence of the reproduction quality and colour appearance on fabrics of different construction and structural characteristics, i.e., the texture of the textile material, printed using digital inkjet technology. The aim of this work is to investigate the influence of various structural features of textiles on the colour appearance of digitally printed textile substrates, to monitor the quality of colour reproduction, and to analyse the behaviour of a reactive dye droplet on textile substrates. Printing of a particular shape was performed using a Dimatix Materials Printer DMP-2831 piezoelectric inkjet device (provided by the J. Stefan Institute, Ljubjana, Slovenia; manufactured by Fujifilm Dimatix Inc., 2230 Martin Avenue, Santa Clara, CA, USA). The behaviour of the ink delivered by the needle of the tensiometer DSA20E, Kruess GmbH (provided by the J. Stefan Institute, Ljubjana, Slovenia; manufactured by Kruess Scientific Instruments (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. Futong Dong Dajie 10 Baoneng Center, Tower B, Room 605 Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China), on the surface of the fabric was analysed. The samples were digitally printed on a Mimaki digital printer Tx2-1600 (provided by University of Ljubljana Faculty of Natural Science and Engineering, Slovenia EU; manufactured by Mimaki, 2182-3 Shigeno-Otsu, Tomi-city, Nagano, Japan), with reactive dyes, which were first pretreated in a bath with a specific solution. The statistical method of image analysis and microscopic imaging were used to obtain the characteristics of the porosity, texture, and roughness parameters. All results are presented from colouristic analysis based on the objectification of colour and colour differences. The objective values of the parameters of lightness (L*), chroma (C*), and hue (h°) show the significant influence of the structure and properties of the substrate on colour reproduction, and significant changes were obtained, which were confirmed by the evaluation of the colour differences. The results confirm the influence of the substrate structure on colour properties. Furthermore, it is essential to consider this complexity in the context of environmental colour design when utilising (coloured) textile installations/materials in architecture and urban spaces, i.e., in the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

UV printing is a technology for printing full-color images on flat surfaces. It is widely applicable to various materials, including wood, leather, plastic, silicone, metal, and others. The technology enables exceptionally detailed and high-quality printing. One of the key advantages of UV printing is its ability to be applied to a wide range of materials, making it exceptionally versatile. When it comes to printing on flat surfaces, this technology provides great freedom and flexibility in the manufacturing process. The maximum printing area that the machine can cover depends on the specific model and technical specifications, allowing for adaptation to different projects and requirements. One of the key aspects discussed in this article is the method of precision in printing on the object. The use of templates and minimizing deviations during positioning are crucial for achieving high accuracy in printing. Attention to detail and minimizing deviations play a crucial role in ensuring a quality and professional appearance of printed products. The article highlights the possibility of optimizing the manufacturing process through the application of templates and matrices. This approach can significantly increase work efficiency by allowing the simultaneous printing of multiple objects on the same plane with identical print positions. Such a method leads to increased profitability in mass production and underscores the flexibility and innovations that UV printing offers in the field of printing technologies. UV printing technology offers a wide range of applications across various industries. One of the primary areas of application is in advertising and marketing, where it can be used to create full-color advertising materials on different surfaces. In the manufacturing sector, UV printing is applied to personalize products. For example, it can be used for printing on wooden or metal items, leather accessories, plastic parts, and other products. This personalization contributes to increasing the value of products and enhancing the consumer experience. These are just some of the areas where UV printing technology can be successfully applied. With the development of technologies and the search for new creative uses, the possibilities for application continue to expand. The research support understanding of printing industry, showing practical experience that can enhance operational efficiency and product quality. By delving into the precision aspects of UV printing through the utilization of templates and matrices, the study provides a gain knowledge for stakeholders to optimize their manufacturing processes. Stakeholders, including manufacturers and printers, stand to benefit from increased work efficiency and reduced production costs, particularly in mass production scenarios where simultaneous printing on multiple objects with identical positions becomes feasible. The research underscores the adaptability of UV printing technology to diverse materials, reinforcing its applicability in various industries such as advertising, marketing, and personalized product manufacturing. As a result, stakeholders can leverage this experience to enhance the quality of their printed products, increase profitability through streamlined processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this sustainability-oriented research, the properties of plant-based inks were evaluated denoting the viscosity range of 8.5 to 10 cP, the relative density of 1.06, conductivity value of 2.51 mS/cm, and the surface tension of 60 mN/m and pH of 4.9 to be most effective for inkjet printing. The changes in these properties to the one-month storage phase are detailed as determined with attenuated total reflectance – Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, viscometer, and tensiometer. The varied colours of plant-based inks were stable to storage time except for the blue colour ink made from bio indigo herb that displayed agal-like sediments. After the storage phase, the plant-based inks exhibited anti-thixotropic viscosity except for yellow colour plant-based ink demonstrating thixotropic behaviour. High conductivity values of 18.5 and 15.6 mS/Cm were noted for blue and black colour plant-based inks, indicating their potential for constituting conducting inks; however, the conductivity values dropped to 7.5 and 9.5, respectively, after 1 month. The pH and surface tension were found steady during the storage period. The study of the life cycle analysis of plant-based inks is suggested for future work. The significance of this work in developing plant-based inks for inkjet printing of textiles lies in the convergence of sustainability and innovation. Plant-based inks can offer an eco-friendly alternative to traditional synthetic inks that are used currently, which provides a knowledge base for good practises meeting the environmentally conscious in the digital printing of the textile industry. These developed inks from this study can not only reduce the environmental impact but also promote a healthier ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Homomolecular photon upconversion-induced radical polymerization in an aerated DMSO solution occurs where molecular oxygen is depleted by sensitized photochemical deoxygenation and this photoreaction could be programmed into 2.5D grayscale printings by digital light processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between the reader and the text plays a fundamental role during the act of reading. The book transition from the print to the digital format entails significant changes in how the reader interacts with the text and ascribes meaning to the reading process. These changes, driven by new technological advancements, can profoundly impact the reading experience, eliciting a range of responses from reader acceptance to dissatisfaction with the chosen medium. Despite new electronic devices attempting to emulate the reading experience provided by paper books, the digital realm continues to shape our perception of reading, highlighting the differences in manipulating a physical text compared to one displayed on an e-reader screen. The paper puts forward several themes that have emerged from a case study on the perception of digital reading at the University of Salamanca (ES). The aim is to gain a deeper understanding of and insight into the preferences, expectations, and behaviors of contemporary readers, highlighting the gap that has emerged between analog and digital reading, primarily driven by the structural and aesthetic differences between the two reading formats and, consequently, their interaction with the reader. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The journal Studies on Contemporary Cultures (ESCC) has transitioned from being printed to digital after almost four decades of publication. The first digital issue includes eleven research papers, essays, and reviews by authors from Mexico, Colombia, Brazil, Spain, and Morocco. The topics addressed in this issue include care and cultural diversity in nursing, symbols surrounding abortion, sustainability in university students, the history of drugs, gender studies, and the imaginary of the Arab/Muslim. The journal aims to promote reflection and interdisciplinary dialogue in the academic and scientific field. [Extracted from the article]

Introduction: ectopic pregnancy is currently a world of health problem. The increase in its incidence is attributed to the difficulties in the diagnosis that are often presented and to the morbidity and mortality that derive from it. It is one of the first causes of death in the first quarter of pregnancy. Objective: assess ectopic pregnancy as a clinical dilemma for diagnosis. Methods: a narrative bibliographic review was carried out that included various texts, articles, printed and digital materials related to ectopic pregnancy. The databases and directories Scielo, Lilacs, Latindex, Medline and Scopus were consulted, through the keywords in Spanish and Bollean operators to expand the results: "Hemorrhages" and "Ectopic pregnancy". 22 original and review articles were selected, in the national and international context, published between 2000 and 2020. Development: in every nosological illness a good interrogation and a physical examination favor the diagnosis, however difficult it may be. Following the steps of the clinical method helps to obtain an appropriate and timely diagnosis. It is transcendental that the doctor knows the pathophysiology and the clinical elements in ectopic pregnancy, which can go to look in an exquisite interrogation and a detailed physical examination. Conclusions: the diversity of possible clinical presentations has led to "the great simulator of gynecology", so it constitutes a clinical dilemma its diagnosis in the different levels of health care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In analogue and digital printing technologies, from 3 up to 12 layers of lacquer products are applied. Technological parameters significantly influence the adhesion in the coating system. This article refers to the analysis of the influence of selected technological parameters, such as the number of layers, energy doses distributed by the radiators, and line speed, on the topography and adhesion of varnish coatings formed in the process of varnishing with rollers and UV-curing systems. The appropriately prepared surface can be used as a background layer for the analogue and digital printing technology. Manufacturers must adapt the production process to the particular varnish to obtain finished products with the best possible performance properties. The state of surface free energy and finally adhesion can be assessed by theoretically determining the possibility of an adhesive bonding between the product and the substrate, taking into account the assumptions of the adsorption theory of adhesion and measurement of the contact angle (Θ). An experimental confirmation of adhesion measurements included removing the coatings from the substrate via stamps glued to the coating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Color prediction and color management for digital printed fabrics remain a challenging task. Accurate prediction of color appearances of digital printed fabrics would enable designers and manufacturers to better fulfill their design requirements and creative visions. We propose a color prediction method for silk digital printing utilizing a Pix2Pix Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) framework. This method aims to generate predicted images that possess the same stylistic and color characteristics as their actual fabrics after production. To develop and validate the method, color data and images are collected and processed from 5252 sets of paired original Pantone TPX color card and actual print sample fabrics. The results of this study demonstrate that the method can predict the colors of silk digital print samples while effectively reproducing the effects of inkjet printing in silk fabrics including silk crepe satin and silk twill. The method exhibits high prediction accuracy to an average CIEDE2000 value of 2.372 for silk crepe satin and 1.846 for silk twill. The findings of this research not only enhance the efficiency and accuracy of color management in fabric digital printing technology but also contribute to the exploration and development of high-fidelity color prediction techniques within the textile industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fabrication of glass with complex geocd the low resolution of particle‐based or fused glass technologies. Herein, a high‐resolution 3D printing of transparent nanoporous glass is presented, by the combination of transparent photo‐curable sol–gel printing compositions and digital light processing (DLP) technology. Multi‐component glass, including binary (Al2O3‐SiO2), ternary (ZnO‐Al2O3‐SiO2, TiO2‐Al2O3‐SiO2), and quaternary oxide (CaO‐P2O5‐Al2O3‐SiO2) nanoporous glass objects with complex shapes, high spatial resolutions, and multi‐oxide chemical compositions are fabricated, by DLP printing and subsequent sintering process. The uniform nanopores of Al2O3‐SiO2‐based nanoporous glasses with the diameter (≈6.04 nm), which is much smaller than the visible light wavelength, result in high transmittance (>95%) at the visible range. The high surface area of printed glass objectives allows post‐functionalization via the adsorption of functional guest molecules. The photoluminescence and hydrophobic modification of 3D printed glass objectives are successfully demonstrated. This work extends the scope of 3D printing to transparent nanoporous glasses with complex geometry and facile functionalization, making them available for a wide range of applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, single jersey knitted fabrics were produced from 100 % Ne 12/1 cotton, 100 % Ne 30/1 cotton, Ne 12/1 70% cotton + 30% hemp, Ne 30/1 50% modal + 50 % cotton, Ne 30/1 100 % viscose, and Ne 30/1 50 % viscose + 50 % cotton. The raw materials were bleached and singed, after which reactive pretreatment paste recipes were padded onto the fabrics, and then colored with digital printing. Fastness analyses and spectrophotometric color measurements were applied to the samples. When the results were determined, it was obviously seen that the washing, ironing, and rubbing fastness are of very high degrees because reactive dyestuffs make covalent bonds with the fibers. Thus, the increase in the amount of thickener also increased the bonding and provided better adhesion of the color. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Local journalism is fundamental for a thriving democracy, yet the UK faces a decline in the number of print and digital local news outlets. Large-scale mappings of the surviving outlets offer invaluable insights to policymakers designing interventions to strengthen the sector. Due to the lack of a comprehensive national directory of UK print and digital local news outlets, researchers have resorted to datasets such as circulation auditors' databases, which have been noted to be incomplete and outdated. A lack of understanding of the magnitude of these data limitations hinders researchers from selecting optimal datasets. This study evaluates four commonly used local news databases, uncovering significant variations in their currentness and comprehensiveness. Thereafter, statistical analyses demonstrate the significant effect of each dataset's shortcomings on findings in local news research. To address this issue, triangulation and manual verification are employed to create a more comprehensive and robust dataset. This procedure generates a new national dataset of print and digital local news outlets that can be used in future research, alongside a framework for leveraging public data to build an independent research dataset. This work paves the way for more rigorous research in data-driven local news provision studies. Concluding remarks stress the importance of setting definitions and establishing clear data pipelines in an increasingly diversified and dynamic sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital printing has been widely used in textile printing production. In the process of designing digital printing patterns, an image generative model is needed to assist in obtaining more diversified patterns. However, the current model involves large storage space and high computing cost, which affects the promotion of digital printing customized production. To solve the problem, this article proposes a digital printing image generation method based on style transfer. Firstly, a style transfer method based on exact feature distribution matching is constructed to realize the accurate matching from image content to style features. And a balanced loss function is used to enhance the universality of the proposed method. Furthermore, knowledge distillation is introduced to compress the method proposed to reduce the hardware requirements when processing high-resolution digital printing images. Finally, a segmented training strategy is proposed to solve the performance degradation caused by model compression. The experimental results show that when processing images with a resolution of 3000 × 3000, the storage capacity of the model is only 2.68 MB and only 0.20 TFLOPs is required. The maximum processing resolution is more than 8K. The pattern obtained by this model is of high quality and can meet the needs of digital printing production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deep-learning models have been effectively applied to the fabric defect detection field, in which dilemmas still exist for further improving product quality. For the self-built digital printing fabric defect detection dataset, the dilemmas can be expressed in aspects. First, the existing detection models are more inclined to learn many shot categories (head classes) and directly ignore low shot categories (tail classes); Second, the sampled positive and negative anchors in each mini-batch are not equally important, therefore they should be unequally attended to according to their importance. To solve these problems, in this article, a high-quality model for digital printing fabric defect detection was proposed, termed FocusDet. Specially, we construct the model based on the Faster-RCNN framework with two well-designed modules: the balanced group softmax module and the importance-based sample reweighting module, which improve the detection accuracy. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed model reaches state-of-the-art accuracy on COCO metrics compared with other advanced detection models in the digital printing fabric defect detection dataset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the advantages of inkjet printing in digital manufacturing is the ability to use multiple nozzles simultaneously to improve the productivity of the processes. However, the use of multiple nozzles makes inkjet status monitoring more difficult. The jetting nozzles must be carefully selected to ensure the quality of printed products, which is challenging for most inkjet processes that use multi-nozzles. In this article, we improved inkjet print head monitoring based on self-sensing signals by using machine learning algorithms. Specifically, supervised machine learning models were used to classify nozzle jetting conditions. For this purpose, the self-sensing signals were acquired, and the feature information was extracted for training. A vision algorithm was developed to label the nozzle status for classification. The trained models showed that the classification accuracy is higher than 99.6% when self-sensing signals are used for monitoring. We also proposed a so-called hybrid monitoring method using trained machine learning models, which divides the feature space into three regions based on predicted jetting probability: certain jetting, certain non-jetting, and doubt regions. Then, the nozzles with uncertain status in the doubt region can be verified by jet visualization to improve the accuracy and efficiency of the monitoring process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on the implementation of an improved method for detecting single and multi-tissues in MR brain images and accurately estimating their respective areas. The proposed approach utilizes hybrid clustering techniques and estimates tissue areas in terms of square millimeters (mm²) by leveraging typography and digital imaging units. The implementation demonstrates enhanced accuracy and reduces computational time compared to existing algorithms. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, simulation results were compared with those obtained using other algorithms. The findings indicate that the proposed approach yields favorable outcomes in terms of tissue detection and area estimation. Furthermore, this methodology holds the potential to be extended to 3D multi-modal medical image segmentation, incorporating more effective and accurate clustering algorithms. The successful implementation of this approach contributes to the advancement of tissue detection and area estimation in MR brain images, offering improved accuracy and computational efficiency. This work paves the way for further research and development in the field of medical image analysis, with potential applications in clinical diagnosis and treatment planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The International Journal on Minority and Group Rights has reached a significant milestone of thirty years of publication. This interdisciplinary journal, focused on international human rights law, has not only survived but thrived in a field that has grown over the past three decades. The journal has expanded from print to digital format, increased the number of articles published, and embraced technological advancements. The success and longevity of the journal can be attributed to the dedication and commitment of its editors, board members, publishers, and authors. With over 1000 articles published and an affiliated series of monographs, the journal continues to contribute to the understanding and advancement of minority and group rights. [Extracted from the article]