216 results on '"Daniel Desmecht"'
Search Results
2. Dengue and chikungunya: future threats for Northern Europe?
- Author
-
Justine Laverdeur, Daniel Desmecht, Marie-Pierre Hayette, and Gilles Darcis
- Subjects
one health ,Aedes albopictus ,chikungunya (CHIKV) ,dengue (DENV) ,emerging disease ,Northern Europe ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Arthropod-borne viral diseases are likely to be affected by the consequences of climate change with an increase in their distribution and intensity. Among these infectious diseases, chikungunya and dengue viruses are two (re)emergent arboviruses transmitted by Aedes species mosquitoes and which have recently demonstrated their capacity for rapid expansion. They most often cause mild diseases, but they can both be associated with complications and severe forms. In Europe, following the establishment of invasive Aedes spp, the first outbreaks of autochtonous dengue and chikungunya have already occurred. Northern Europe is currently relatively spared, but climatic projections show that the conditions are permissive for the establishment of Aedes albopictus (also known as the tiger mosquito) in the coming decades. It is therefore essential to question and improve the means of surveillance in northern Europe, at the dawn of inevitable future epidemics.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Evaluation of Non-Vector Transmission of Usutu Virus in Domestic Canaries (Serinus canaria)
- Author
-
Aude Blanquer, Felipe Rivas, Mazarine Gérardy, Michaël Sarlet, Nassim Moula, Ute Ziegler, Martin H. Groschup, Daniel Desmecht, Thomas Marichal, and Mutien Garigliany
- Subjects
Serinus canaria ,usutu virus ,infection ,horizontal transmission ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Usutu virus (USUV) is a flavivirus transmitted to avian species through mosquito bites that causes mass mortalities in wild and captive bird populations. However, several cases of positive dead birds have been recorded during the winter, a vector-free period. To explain how USUV “overwinters”, the main hypothesis is bird-to-bird transmission, as shown for the closely related West Nile virus. To address this question, we experimentally challenged canaries with intranasal inoculation of USUV, which led to systemic dissemination of the virus, provided the inoculated dose was sufficient (>102 TCID50). We also highlighted the oronasal excretion of infectious viral particles in infected birds. Next, we co-housed infected birds with naive sentinels, to determine whether onward transmission could be reproduced experimentally. We failed to detect such transmission but demonstrated horizontal transmission by transferring sputum from an infected to a naive canary. In addition, we evaluated the cellular tropism of respiratory mucosa to USUV in vitro using a canary tracheal explant and observed only limited evidence of viral replication. Further research is then needed to assess if and how comparable bird-to-bird transmission occurs in the wild.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Central role of lung macrophages in SARS-CoV-2 physiopathology: a cross-model single-cell RNA-seq perspective
- Author
-
Thibaut Olivier, Joël Blomet, and Daniel Desmecht
- Subjects
M1 macrophages ,antibody-dependent enhancement ,cytokine storm ,SARS-CoV-2 ,interferons ,FcγR ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
Cytokine storms are considered a driving factor in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity. However, the triggering and resolution of this cytokine production, as well as the link between this phenomenon and infected cells, are still poorly understood. In this study, a cross-species scRNA-seq analysis showed that cytokine-producing macrophages together with pneumocytes were found to be the main contributors of viral transcripts in both Syrian hamsters and African green monkeys. Whatever the cell type, viral read-bearing cells show an apoptotic phenotype. A comparison of SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor candidates showed that Fc receptors are better correlated with infected cells than ACE2, NRP1, or AXL. Although both species show similar interferon responses, differences in adaptive immunity were highlighted. Lastly, Fc receptor and cytokine upregulation in M1 macrophages was found to correlate with a comprehensive interferon response. Based on these results, we propose a model in which lung macrophages play a central role in COVID-19 severity through antibody-dependent enhancement.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Association between convalescent plasma treatment and mortality in COVID-19: a collaborative systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
- Author
-
Cathrine Axfors, Perrine Janiaud, Andreas M. Schmitt, Janneke van’t Hooft, Emily R. Smith, Noah A. Haber, Akin Abayomi, Manal Abduljalil, Abdulkarim Abdulrahman, Yeny Acosta-Ampudia, Manuela Aguilar-Guisado, Farah Al-Beidh, Marissa M. Alejandria, Rachelle N. Alfonso, Mohammad Ali, Manaf AlQahtani, Alaa AlZamrooni, Juan-Manuel Anaya, Mark Angelo C. Ang, Ismael F. Aomar, Luis E. Argumanis, Alexander Averyanov, Vladimir P. Baklaushev, Olga Balionis, Thomas Benfield, Scott Berry, Nadia Birocco, Lynn B. Bonifacio, Asha C. Bowen, Abbie Bown, Carlos Cabello-Gutierrez, Bernardo Camacho, Adrian Camacho-Ortiz, Sally Campbell-Lee, Damon H. Cao, Ana Cardesa, Jose M. Carnate, German Jr. J. Castillo, Rossana Cavallo, Fazle R. Chowdhury, Forhad U. H. Chowdhury, Giovannino Ciccone, Antonella Cingolani, Fresthel Monica M. Climacosa, Veerle Compernolle, Carlo Francisco N. Cortez, Abel Costa Neto, Sergio D’Antico, James Daly, Franca Danielle, Joshua S. Davis, Francesco Giuseppe De Rosa, Justin T. Denholm, Claudia M. Denkinger, Daniel Desmecht, Juan C. Díaz-Coronado, Juan A. Díaz Ponce-Medrano, Anne-Françoise Donneau, Teresita E. Dumagay, Susanna Dunachie, Cecile C. Dungog, Olufemi Erinoso, Ivy Mae S. Escasa, Lise J. Estcourt, Amy Evans, Agnes L. M. Evasan, Christian J. Fareli, Veronica Fernandez-Sanchez, Claudia Galassi, Juan E. Gallo, Patricia J. Garcia, Patricia L. Garcia, Jesus A. Garcia, Mutien Garigliany, Elvira Garza-Gonzalez, Deonne Thaddeus V. Gauiran, Paula A. Gaviria García, Jose-Antonio Giron-Gonzalez, David Gómez-Almaguer, Anthony C. Gordon, André Gothot, Jeser Santiago Grass Guaqueta, Cameron Green, David Grimaldi, Naomi E. Hammond, Heli Harvala, Francisco M. Heralde, Jesica Herrick, Alisa M. Higgins, Thomas E. Hills, Jennifer Hines, Karin Holm, Ashraful Hoque, Eric Hoste, Jose M. Ignacio, Alexander V. Ivanov, Maike Janssen, Jeffrey H. Jennings, Vivekanand Jha, Ruby Anne N. King, Jens Kjeldsen-Kragh, Paul Klenerman, Aditya Kotecha, Fiorella Krapp, Luciana Labanca, Emma Laing, Mona Landin-Olsson, Pierre-François Laterre, Lyn-Li Lim, Jodor Lim, Oskar Ljungquist, Jorge M. Llaca-Díaz, Concepción López-Robles, Salvador López-Cárdenas, Ileana Lopez-Plaza, Josephine Anne C. Lucero, Maria Lundgren, Juan Macías, Sandy C. Maganito, Anna Flor G. Malundo, Rubén D. Manrique, Paola M. Manzini, Miguel Marcos, Ignacio Marquez, Francisco Javier Martínez-Marcos, Ana M. Mata, Colin J. McArthur, Zoe K. McQuilten, Bryan J. McVerry, David K. Menon, Geert Meyfroidt, Ma. Angelina L. Mirasol, Benoît Misset, James S. Molton, Alric V. Mondragon, Diana M. Monsalve, Parastoo Moradi Choghakabodi, Susan C. Morpeth, Paul R. Mouncey, Michel Moutschen, Carsten Müller-Tidow, Erin Murphy, Tome Najdovski, Alistair D. Nichol, Henrik Nielsen, Richard M. Novak, Matthew V. N. O’Sullivan, Julian Olalla, Akin Osibogun, Bodunrin Osikomaiya, Salvador Oyonarte, Juan M. Pardo-Oviedo, Mahesh C. Patel, David L. Paterson, Carlos A. Peña-Perez, Angel A. Perez-Calatayud, Eduardo Pérez-Alba, Anastasia Perkina, Naomi Perry, Mandana Pouladzadeh, Inmaculada Poyato, David J. Price, Anne Kristine H. Quero, Md. M. Rahman, Md. S. Rahman, Mayur Ramesh, Carolina Ramírez-Santana, Magnus Rasmussen, Megan A. Rees, Eduardo Rego, Jason A. Roberts, David J. Roberts, Yhojan Rodríguez, Jesús Rodríguez-Baño, Benjamin A. Rogers, Manuel Rojas, Alberto Romero, Kathryn M. Rowan, Fabio Saccona, Mehdi Safdarian, Maria Clariza M. Santos, Joe Sasadeusz, Gitana Scozzari, Manu Shankar-Hari, Gorav Sharma, Thomas Snelling, Alonso Soto, Pedrito Y. Tagayuna, Amy Tang, Geneva Tatem, Luciana Teofili, Steven Y. C. Tong, Alexis F. Turgeon, Januario D. Veloso, Balasubramanian Venkatesh, Yanet Ventura-Enriquez, Steve A. Webb, Lothar Wiese, Christian Wikén, Erica M. Wood, Gaukhar M. Yusubalieva, Kai Zacharowski, Ryan Zarychanski, Nina Khanna, David Moher, Steven N. Goodman, John P. A. Ioannidis, and Lars G. Hemkens
- Subjects
Meta-analysis ,SARS-CoV-2 ,COVID-19 ,Convalescent plasma ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Abstract Background Convalescent plasma has been widely used to treat COVID-19 and is under investigation in numerous randomized clinical trials, but results are publicly available only for a small number of trials. The objective of this study was to assess the benefits of convalescent plasma treatment compared to placebo or no treatment and all-cause mortality in patients with COVID-19, using data from all available randomized clinical trials, including unpublished and ongoing trials (Open Science Framework, https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/GEHFX ). Methods In this collaborative systematic review and meta-analysis, clinical trial registries (ClinicalTrials.gov, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform), the Cochrane COVID-19 register, the LOVE database, and PubMed were searched until April 8, 2021. Investigators of trials registered by March 1, 2021, without published results were contacted via email. Eligible were ongoing, discontinued and completed randomized clinical trials that compared convalescent plasma with placebo or no treatment in COVID-19 patients, regardless of setting or treatment schedule. Aggregated mortality data were extracted from publications or provided by investigators of unpublished trials and combined using the Hartung–Knapp–Sidik–Jonkman random effects model. We investigated the contribution of unpublished trials to the overall evidence. Results A total of 16,477 patients were included in 33 trials (20 unpublished with 3190 patients, 13 published with 13,287 patients). 32 trials enrolled only hospitalized patients (including 3 with only intensive care unit patients). Risk of bias was low for 29/33 trials. Of 8495 patients who received convalescent plasma, 1997 died (23%), and of 7982 control patients, 1952 died (24%). The combined risk ratio for all-cause mortality was 0.97 (95% confidence interval: 0.92; 1.02) with between-study heterogeneity not beyond chance (I2 = 0%). The RECOVERY trial had 69.8% and the unpublished evidence 25.3% of the weight in the meta-analysis. Conclusions Convalescent plasma treatment of patients with COVID-19 did not reduce all-cause mortality. These results provide strong evidence that convalescent plasma treatment for patients with COVID-19 should not be used outside of randomized trials. Evidence synthesis from collaborations among trial investigators can inform both evidence generation and evidence application in patient care.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Cluster Analysis Identifies Distinct Patterns of T-Cell and Humoral Immune Responses Evolution Following a Third Dose of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in People Living with HIV
- Author
-
Majdouline El Moussaoui, Salomé Desmecht, Nicolas Lambert, Nathalie Maes, Joachim Braghini, Nicole Marechal, Céline Quintana, Karine Briquet, Stéphanie Gofflot, Françoise Toussaint, Marie-Pierre Hayette, Pieter Vermeersch, Laurence Lutteri, Céline Grégoire, Yves Beguin, Souad Rahmouni, Michel Moutschen, Daniel Desmecht, and Gilles Darcis
- Subjects
SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine ,HIV ,antibodies ,humoral ,cellular ,immune response ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
(1) Background: Many vaccines require higher, additional doses or adjuvants to provide adequate protection for people living with HIV (PLWH). Despite their potential risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019, immunological data remain sparse, and a clear consensus for the best booster strategy is lacking. (2) Methods: Using the data obtained from our previous study assessing prospective T-cell and humoral immune responses before and after administration of a third dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, we assessed the correlations between immune parameters reflecting humoral and cellular immune responses. We further aimed at identifying distinct clusters of patients with similar patterns of immune response evolution to determine how these relate to demographic and clinical factors. (3) Results: Among 80 PLWH and 51 healthcare workers (HCWs) enrolled in the study, cluster analysis identified four distinct patterns of evolution characterised by specific immune patterns and clinical factors. We observed that immune responses appeared to be less robust in cluster A, whose individuals were mostly PLWH who had never been infected with SARS-CoV-2. Cluster C, whose individuals showed a particularly drastic increase in markers of humoral immune response following the third dose of vaccine, was mainly composed of female participants who experienced SARS-CoV-2. Regarding the correlation study, although we observed a strong positive correlation between markers mirroring humoral immune response, markers of T-cell response following vaccination correlated only in a lesser extent with markers of humoral immunity. This suggests that neutralising antibody titers alone are not always a reliable reflection of the magnitude of the whole immune response. (4) Conclusions: Our findings show heterogeneity in immune responses among SARS-CoV-2 vaccinated PLWH. Specific subgroups could therefore benefit from distinct immunization strategies. Prior or breakthrough natural infection enhances the activity of vaccines and must be taken into account for informing global vaccine strategies among PLWH, even those with a viro-immunologically controlled infection.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Anti-Schmallenberg Virus Activities of Type I/III Interferons-Induced Mx1 GTPases from Different Mammalian Species
- Author
-
Calixte Bayrou, Anne-Sophie Van Laere, Phai Dam Van, Nassim Moula, Mutien-Marie Garigliany, and Daniel Desmecht
- Subjects
Mx protein ,interferon ,innate immunity ,Schmallenberg virus ,orthobunyaviruses ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Mx proteins are key factors of the innate intracellular defense mechanisms that act against viruses induced by type I/III interferons. The family Peribunyaviridae includes many viruses of veterinary importance, either because infection results in clinical disease or because animals serve as reservoirs for arthropod vectors. According to the evolutionary arms race hypothesis, evolutionary pressures should have led to the selection of the most appropriate Mx1 antiviral isoforms to resist these infections. Although human, mouse, bat, rat, and cotton rat Mx isoforms have been shown to inhibit different members of the Peribunyaviridae, the possible antiviral function of the Mx isoforms from domestic animals against bunyaviral infections has, to our knowledge, never been studied. Herein, we investigated the anti-Schmallenberg virus activity of bovine, canine, equine, and porcine Mx1 proteins. We concluded that Mx1 has a strong, dose-dependent anti-Schmallenberg activity in these four mammalian species.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Kinetics and Persistence of the Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses to BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine in SARS-CoV-2-Naive and -Experienced Subjects: Impact of Booster Dose and Breakthrough Infections
- Author
-
Salomé Desmecht, Aleksandr Tashkeev, Majdouline El Moussaoui, Nicole Marechal, Hélène Perée, Yumie Tokunaga, Celine Fombellida-Lopez, Barbara Polese, Céline Legrand, Marie Wéry, Myriam Mni, Nicolas Fouillien, Françoise Toussaint, Laurent Gillet, Fabrice Bureau, Laurence Lutteri, Marie-Pierre Hayette, Michel Moutschen, Christelle Meuris, Pieter Vermeersch, Daniel Desmecht, Souad Rahmouni, and Gilles Darcis
- Subjects
COVID-19 ,BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine ,IFN-γ ,neutralizing antibodies ,SARS- CoV-2 ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
BackgroundUnderstanding and measuring the individual level of immune protection and its persistence at both humoral and cellular levels after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is mandatory for the management of the vaccination booster campaign. Our prospective study was designed to assess the immunogenicity of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in triggering the cellular and humoral immune response in healthcare workers up to 12 months after the initial vaccination, with one additional boosting dose between 6 and 12 months.MethodsThis prospective study enrolled 208 healthcare workers (HCWs) from the Liège University Hospital (CHU) of Liège in Belgium. Participants received two doses of BioNTech/Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine (BNT162b2) and a booster dose 6-12 months later. Fifty participants were SARS-CoV-2 experienced and 158 were naïve before the vaccination. Blood sampling was performed at the day of the first (T0) and second (T1) vaccine doses administration, then at 2 weeks (T2), 4 weeks (T3), 6 months (T4) and 12 months (T5) after the second dose. Between T4 and T5, participants also got the third boosting vaccine dose. A total of 1145 blood samples were collected. All samples were tested for the presence of anti-Spike antibodies, using the DiaSorin LIAISON SARS-CoV-2 Trimeric S IgG assay, and for anti-Nucleocapsid antibodies, using Elecsys anti-SARS-CoV-2 assay. Neutralizing antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-like variant strain were quantified in all samples using a Vero E6 cell-based neutralization assay. Cell-mediated immune response was evaluated at T4 and T5 on 80 and 55 participants, respectively, by measuring the secretion of IFN-γ on peripheral blood lymphocytes using the QuantiFERON Human IFN-γ SARS-CoV-2, from Qiagen. We analyzed separately the naïve and experienced participants.FindingsWe found that anti-spike antibodies and neutralization capacity levels were significantly higher in SARS-CoV-2 experienced HCWs compared to naïve HCWs at all time points analyzed except the one after boosting dose. Cellular immune response was also higher in experienced HCWs six months following vaccination. Besides the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection history on immune response to BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine, we observed a significant negative association between age and persistence of humoral response. The booster dose induced an increase in humoral and cellular immune responses, particularly in naive individuals. Breakthrough infections resulted in higher cellular and humoral responses after the booster dose.ConclusionsOur data strengthen previous findings demonstrating that immunization through vaccination combined with natural infection is better than 2 vaccine doses immunization or natural infection alone. The benefit of the booster dose was greater in naive individuals. It may have implications for personalizing mRNA vaccination regimens used to prevent severe COVID-19 and reduce the impact of the pandemic on the healthcare system. More specifically, it may help prioritizing vaccination, including for the deployment of booster doses.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. A multicenter randomized trial to assess the efficacy of CONvalescent plasma therapy in patients with Invasive COVID-19 and acute respiratory failure treated with mechanical ventilation: the CONFIDENT trial protocol
- Author
-
Benoît Misset, Eric Hoste, Anne-Françoise Donneau, David Grimaldi, Geert Meyfroidt, Michel Moutschen, Veerle Compernolle, André Gothot, Daniel Desmecht, Mutien Garigliany, Tome Najdovski, and Pierre-François Laterre
- Subjects
COVID-19 ,Convalescent plasma ,Randomized ,Respiratory failure ,Mechanical ventilation ,Diseases of the respiratory system ,RC705-779 - Abstract
Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic reached Europe in early 2020. Convalescent plasma is used without a consistent evidence of efficacy. Our hypothesis is that passive immunization with plasma collected from patients having contracted COVID-19 and developed specific neutralizing antibodies may alleviate symptoms and reduce mortality in patients treated with mechanical ventilation for severe respiratory failure during the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Methods We plan to include 500 adult patients, hospitalized in 16 Belgian intensive care units between September 2020 and 2022, diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, under mechanical ventilation for less than 5 days and a clinical frailty scale less than 6. The study treatment will be compared to standard of care and allocated by randomization in a 1 to 1 ratio without blinding. The main endpoint will be mortality at day 28. We will perform an intention to treat analysis. The number of patients to include is based on an expected mortality rate at day 28 of 40 percent and an expected relative reduction with study intervention of 30 percent with α risk of 5 percent and β risk of 20 percent. Discussion This study will assess the efficacy of plasma in the population of mechanically ventilated patients. A stratification on the delay from mechanical ventilation and inclusion will allow to approach the optimal time use. Selecting convalescent plasmas with a high titer of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 will allow a homogeneous study treatment. The inclusion in the study is based on the consent of the patient or his/her legal representative, and the approval of the Investigational Review Board of the University hospital of Liège, Belgium. A data safety monitoring board (DSMB) has been implemented. Interim analyses have been planned at 100, 2002, 300 and 400 inclusions in order to decide whether the trail should be discontinued prematurely for ethical issues. We plan to publish our results in a peer-reviewed journal and to present them at national and international conferences. Funding and registration The trial is funded by the Belgian Health Care Knowledge Center KCE # COV201004 Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov registration number NCT04558476. Registered 14 September 2020—Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04558476
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. University population-based prospective cohort study of SARS-CoV-2 infection and immunity (SARSSURV-ULiège): a study protocol
- Author
-
Anne-Françoise Donneau, Michèle Guillaume, Vincent Bours, Margaux Dandoy, Gilles Darcis, Daniel Desmecht, Anh Nguyet Diep, Laurence Fievez, Mutien-Marie Garigliany, Nicolas Gillain, Eddy Husson, Fabienne Michel, Michel Moutschen, Marine Paridans, Pétre Benoît, Catherine Sabatel, Claude Saegerman, Amandine Tytgat, Laurent Gillet, and Fabrice Bureau
- Subjects
Medicine - Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Management of a Focal Introduction of ASF Virus in Wild Boar: The Belgian Experience
- Author
-
Alain Licoppe, Valérie De Waele, Céline Malengreaux, Julien Paternostre, Amaury Van Goethem, Daniel Desmecht, Marc Herman, and Annick Linden
- Subjects
African swine fever ,Belgium ,control measures ,fence ,epidemic ,wild boar depopulation ,Medicine - Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a fatal disease of suids that was detected in wild boar in Belgium in September 2018. The measures implemented to stop the spread and eliminate the African swine fever virus consisted of creating restriction zones, organising efficient search and removal of carcasses, constructing wire fences, and depopulating wild boar in the area surrounding the infected zone. The ASF management zone included the infected and the white zones and covered 1106 km² from which 7077 wild boar have been removed. A total of 5338 wild boars have been qPCR-tested and 833 have been detected ASF-positive. The search effort amounted to 60,631 h with a main focus on the infected zone (88%). A total of 277 km of fences have been set up. The main cause of mortality in the infected zone was the virus itself, while hunting, trapping, and night shooting were used together to reduce the wild boar density in the surrounding white zones. After continuous dispersion of the virus until March 2019, the epidemic wave stopped, and the last fresh positive case was discovered in August 2019. Hence, Belgium was declared free of the disease in November 2020.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. SARS-CoV-2 Natural Transmission from Human to Cat, Belgium, March 2020
- Author
-
Mutien Garigliany, Anne-Sophie Van Laere, Cécile Clercx, Didier Giet, Nicolas Escriou, Christèle Huon, Sylvie van der Werf, Marc Eloit, and Daniel Desmecht
- Subjects
2019 novel coronavirus disease ,coronavirus disease ,COVID-19 ,severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ,SARS-CoV-2 ,viruses ,Medicine ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
In March 2020, a severe respiratory syndrome developed in a cat, 1 week after its owner received positive test results for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Viral RNA was detected in the cat’s nasopharyngeal swab samples and vomitus or feces; immunoglobulin against the virus was found in convalescent-phase serum. Human-to-cat transmission is suspected.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Host-dependence of in vitro reassortment dynamics among the Sathuperi and Shamonda Simbuviruses
- Author
-
Damien Coupeau, Calixte Bayrou, Pierre Baillieux, Axel Marichal, Anne-Cécile Lenaerts, Céline Caty, Laetitia Wiggers, Nathalie Kirschvink, Daniel Desmecht, and Benoît Muylkens
- Subjects
Orthobunyavirus ,reassortment ,recombination ,viral selection ,arbovirus ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
ABSTRACTOrthobunyaviruses are arboviruses (Arthropod Borne Virus) and possess multipartite genomes made up of three negative RNAs corresponding to the small (S), medium (M) and large (L) segments. Reassortment and recombination are evolutionary driving forces of such segmented viruses and lead to the emergence of new strains and species. Retrospective studies based on phylogenetical analysis are able to evaluate these mechanisms at the end of the selection process but fail to address the dynamics of emergence. This issue was addressed using two Orthobunyaviruses infecting ruminants and belonging to the Simbu serogroup: the Sathuperi virus (SATV) and the Shamonda virus (SHAV). Both viruses were associated with abortion, stillbirth and congenital malformations occurring after transplacental transmission and were suspected to spread together in different ruminant and insect populations. This study showed that different viruses related to SHAV and SATV are spreading simultaneously in ruminants and equids of the Sub-Saharan region. Their reassortment and recombination potential was evaluated in mammalian and in insect contexts. A method was set up to determine the genomic background of any clonal progeny viruses isolated after in vitro coinfections assays. All the reassortment combinations were generated in both contexts while no recombinant virus was isolated. Progeny virus populations revealed a high level of reassortment in mammalian cells and a much lower level in insect cells. In vitro selection pressure that mimicked the host switching (insect-mammal) revealed that the best adapted reassortant virus was connected with an advantageous replicative fitness and with the presence of a specific segment.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Epidemiological analysis of African swine fever in the European Union (September 2019 to August 2020)
- Author
-
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Daniel Desmecht, Guillaume Gerbier, Christian Gortázar Schmidt, Vilija Grigaliuniene, Georgina Helyes, Maria Kantere, Daniela Korytarova, Annick Linden, Aleksandra Miteva, Ioana Neghirla, Edvins Olsevskis, Sasa Ostojic, Tom Petit, Christoph Staubach, Hans‐Hermann Thulke, Arvo Viltrop, Wallo Richard, Grzegorz Wozniakowski, José Abrahantes Cortiñas, Alessandro Broglia, Sofie Dhollander, Eliana Lima, Alexandra Papanikolaou, Yves Van der Stede, and Karl Ståhl
- Subjects
African swine fever ,epidemiology ,risk factor ,seasonality ,wild boar ,domestic pigs ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 ,Chemical technology ,TP1-1185 - Abstract
Abstract An update on the African swine fever (ASF) situation in the 10 affected Member States (MS) in the EU and in two neighbouring countries from the 1 September 2019 until the 31 August 2020 is provided. The dynamics of the proportions of PCR‐ and ELISA‐positive samples since the first ASF detection in the country were provided and seasonal patterns were investigated. The impact of the ASF epidemic on the annual numbers of hunted wild boar in each affected MS was investigated. To evaluate differences in the extent of spread of ASF in the wild boar populations, the number of notifications that could be classified as secondary cases to a single source was calculated for each affected MS and compared for the earliest and latest year of the epidemic in the country. To evaluate possible risk factors for the occurrence of ASFV in wild boar or domestic pigs, a literature review was performed. Risk factors for the occurrence of ASF in wild boar in Romanian hunting grounds in 2019 were identified with a generalised linear model. The probability to find at least one PCR‐confirmed ASF case in wild boar in a hunting ground in Romania was driven by environmental factors, wild boar abundance and the density of backyard pigs in the hunting ground area, while hunting‐related variables were not retained in the final model. Finally, measures implemented in white zones (ASF‐free zones that are geographically adjacent to an area where ASF is present in wild boar) to prevent further spread of ASF were analysed with a spatially, explicit stochastic individual‐based model. To be effective, the wild boar population in the white zone would need to be drastically reduced before ASF arrives at the zone and it must be wide enough. To achieve the necessary pre‐emptive culling targets of wild boar in the white zone, at the start of the establishment, the white zone should be placed sufficiently far from the affected area, considering the speed of the natural spread of the disease. This spread is faster in denser wild boar populations. After a focal ASF introduction, the white zone is always close to the infection hence pre‐emptive culling measures in the white zone must be completed in short term, i.e. in a few months.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Eye Infection with SARS-CoV-2 as a Route to Systemic Immunization?
- Author
-
Norbert Schrage, Joel Blomet, Frank Holzer, A. Tromme, F. Ectors, and Daniel Desmecht
- Subjects
SARS-CoV-2 ,mucosa ,MALT ,conjunctiva ,SARS-CoV-2 conjunctivitis ,immunization ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Infectious diseases of the conjunctiva and cornea usually leave behind both broad local and systemic immunity. Case reports of SARS-CoV-2-positive conjunctivitis with subsequent systemic immunity suggest a new route of immunization preventing the primary infection of the airways. Material and Methods: A total of 24 Syrian field hamsters were treated. In systematic animal experiments, we infected the eyes of n = 8 animals (group 1) and the airways of another n = 8 animals (group 2) with SARS-CoV-2 (Wuhan type); n = 8 hamsters served as controls (group 3). The weight development of the animals was recorded. After two weeks of observation of disease symptoms, all animals were re-exposed to SARS-CoV-2 in the respiratory tract (challenge) to determine whether immunity to the virus had been achieved. Results: The epi-ocularly infected animals (group 1) showed no clinically visible disease during the ocular infection phase. At most, there was a slightly reduced weight gain compared to the control group (group 3), while the respiratory infected animals (group 2) all lost weight, became lethargic, and slowly recovered after two weeks. After the challenge, none of the animals in groups 1 and 2 became ill again. The animals in the negative control (group 3) all became ill. Cytotoxic antibodies were detectable in the blood of the infected groups before and after challenge, with higher titers in the epi-ocularly infected animals. Conclusion: By epi-ocular infection with SARS-CoV-2, the development of systemic immunity with formation of cytotoxic antibodies without severe general disease could be observed in the experimental animals, which did not induce any more disease upon a second infection in the respiratory tract. Therefore, it can be concluded that a purely epi-ocular infection with SARS-CoV2 only induces a weak disease pattern followed by systemic immunity.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Correction to: A multicenter randomized trial to assess the efficacy of CONvalescent plasma therapy in patients with Invasive COVID-19 and acute respiratory failure treated with mechanical ventilation: the CONFIDENT trial protocol
- Author
-
Benoît Misset, Eric Hoste, Anne Françoise Donneau, David Grimaldi, Geert Meyfroidt, Michel Moutschen, Veerle Compernolle, André Gothot, Daniel Desmecht, Mutien Garigliany, Tome Najdovski, and Pierre François Laterre
- Subjects
Diseases of the respiratory system ,RC705-779 - Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Gammaherpesvirus Alters Alveolar Macrophages According to the Host Genetic Background and Promotes Beneficial Inflammatory Control over Pneumovirus Infection
- Author
-
Gautier Gilliaux and Daniel Desmecht
- Subjects
immunopathogenesis ,pneumoviridae ,gammaherpesvirus ,inflammation ,animal models ,alveolar macrophages ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) infection brings a wide spectrum of clinical outcomes, from a mild cold to severe bronchiolitis or even acute interstitial pneumonia. Among the known factors influencing this clinical diversity, genetic background has often been mentioned. In parallel, recent evidence has also pointed out that an early infectious experience affects heterologous infections severity. Here, we analyzed the importance of these two host-related factors in shaping the immune response in pneumoviral disease. We show that a prior gammaherpesvirus infection improves, in a genetic background-dependent manner, the immune system response against a subsequent lethal dose of pneumovirus primary infection notably by inducing a systematic expansion of the CD8+ bystander cell pool and by modifying the resident alveolar macrophages (AMs) phenotype to induce immediate cyto/chemokinic responses upon pneumovirus exposure, thereby drastically attenuating the host inflammatory response without affecting viral replication. Moreover, we show that these AMs present similar rapid and increased production of neutrophil chemokines both in front of pneumoviral or bacterial challenge, confirming recent studies attributing a critical antibacterial role of primed AMs. These results corroborate other recent studies suggesting that the innate immunity cells are themselves capable of memory, a capacity hitherto reserved for acquired immunity.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Phylogeographic Analysis of African Swine Fever Virus, Western Europe, 2018
- Author
-
Mutien Garigliany, Daniel Desmecht, Marylène Tignon, Dominique Cassart, Christophe Lesenfant, Julien Paternostre, Rosario Volpe, Ann Brigitte Cay, Thierry van den Berg, and Annick Linden
- Subjects
African swine fever ,Asfarviridae ,wild boar ,emergence ,Belgium ,viruses ,Medicine ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
In September 2018, African swine fever in wild boars was detected in Belgium. We used African swine fever–infected spleen samples to perform a phylogenetic analysis of the virus. The causative strain belongs to genotype II, and its closest relatives are viruses previously isolated in Ukraine, Belarus, Estonia, and European Russia.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Moku Virus in Invasive Asian Hornets, Belgium, 2016
- Author
-
Mutien Garigliany, Bernard Taminiau, Noëmie El Agrebi, Daniel Cadar, Gautier Gilliaux, Marie Hue, Daniel Desmecht, Georges Daube, Annick Linden, Frédéric Farnir, Michel De Proft, and Claude Saegerman
- Subjects
Moku virus ,invasive Asian hornets ,Vespa velutina nigrithorax ,Belgium ,viruses ,Medicine ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
We report the detection of Moku virus in invasive Asian hornets (Vespa velutina nigrithorax) in Belgium. This constitutes an unexpected report of this iflavirus outside Hawaii, USA, where it was recently described in social wasps. Although virulence of Moku virus is unknown, its potential spread raises concern for European honeybee populations.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Usutu Virus Infection of Embryonated Chicken Eggs and a Chicken Embryo-Derived Primary Cell Line
- Author
-
Emna Benzarti, José Rivas, Michaël Sarlet, Mathieu Franssen, Nassim Moula, Giovanni Savini, Alessio Lorusso, Daniel Desmecht, and Mutien-Marie Garigliany
- Subjects
flavivirus ,chicken embryo ,model ,Usutu virus ,chorioallantoic membrane ,primary culture ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Usutu virus (USUV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus, closely related to the West Nile virus (WNV). Similar to WNV, USUV may cause infections in humans, with occasional, but sometimes severe, neurological complications. Further, USUV can be highly pathogenic in wild and captive birds and its circulation in Europe has given rise to substantial avian death. Adequate study models of this virus are still lacking but are critically needed to understand its pathogenesis and virulence spectrum. The chicken embryo is a low-cost, easy-to-manipulate and ethically acceptable model that closely reflects mammalian fetal development and allows immune response investigations, drug screening, and high-throughput virus production for vaccine development. While former studies suggested that this model was refractory to USUV infection, we unexpectedly found that high doses of four phylogenetically distinct USUV strains caused embryonic lethality. By employing immunohistochemistry and quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, we demonstrated that USUV was widely distributed in embryonic tissues, including the brain, retina, and feather follicles. We then successfully developed a primary cell line from the chorioallantoic membrane that was permissive to the virus without the need for viral adaptation. We believe the future use of these models would foster a significant understanding of USUV-induced neuropathogenesis and immune response and allow the future development of drugs and vaccines against USUV.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. New Insights into the Susceptibility of Immunocompetent Mice to Usutu Virus
- Author
-
Emna Benzarti, Michaël Sarlet, Mathieu Franssen, Daniel Desmecht, Jonas Schmidt-Chanasit, and Mutien-Marie Garigliany
- Subjects
usutu virus ,immunocompetent ,mice ,infection ,encephalitis ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Usutu virus (USUV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that shares many similarities with the closely related West Nile virus (WNV) in terms of ecology and clinical manifestations. Initially distributed in Africa, USUV emerged in Italy in 1996 and managed to co-circulate with WNV in many European countries in a similar mosquito−bird life cycle. The rapid geographic spread of USUV, the seasonal mass mortalities it causes in the European avifauna, and the increasing number of infections with neurological disease both in healthy and immunocompromised humans has stimulated interest in infection studies to delineate USUV pathogenesis. Here, we assessed the pathogenicity of two USUV isolates from a recent Belgian outbreak in immunocompetent mice. The intradermal injection of USUV gave rise to disorientation and paraplegia and was associated with neuronal death in the brain and spinal cord in a single mouse. Intranasal inoculation of USUV could also establish the infection; viral RNA was detected in the brain 15 days post-infection. Overall, this pilot study probes the suitability of this murine model for the study of USUV neuroinvasiveness and the possibility of direct transmission in mammals.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Experimental Usutu Virus Infection in Domestic Canaries Serinus canaria
- Author
-
Emna Benzarti, José Rivas, Michaël Sarlet, Mathieu Franssen, Daniel Desmecht, Jonas Schmidt-Chanasit, Giovanni Savini, Alessio Lorusso, Anne-Sophie Van Laere, and Mutien-Marie Garigliany
- Subjects
domestic canaries ,usutu virus ,experimental infection ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Usutu virus (USUV) is a neurotropic flavivirus closely related to West Nile virus (WNV). Its enzootic cycle mainly involves mosquitoes and birds. Human infection can occur with occasional, but sometimes severe, neurological complications. Since its emergence and spread in Europe over the last two decades, USUV has been linked to significant avian outbreaks, especially among Passeriformes, including European blackbirds (Turdus merula). Strikingly, no in vivo avian model exists so far to study this arbovirus. The domestic canary (Serinus canaria) is a passerine, which is considered as a highly susceptible model of infection by WNV. Here, we experimentally challenged domestic canaries with two different doses of USUV. All inoculated birds presented detectable amounts of viral RNA in the blood and RNA shedding via feathers and droppings during the early stages of the infection, as determined by RT-qPCR. Mortality occurred in both infected groups (1/5 and 2/5, respectively) and was not necessarily correlated to a pure neurological disease. Subsequent analyses of samples from dead birds showed histopathological changes and virus tropism mimicking those reported in naturally infected birds. A robust seroconversion followed the infection in almost all the surviving canaries. Altogether, these results demonstrate that domestic canaries constitute an interesting experimental model for the study of USUV pathogenesis and transmission.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Growth Hormone (GH) Deficient Mice With GHRH Gene Ablation Are Severely Deficient in Vaccine and Immune Responses Against Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Author
-
Khalil Farhat, Gwennaëlle Bodart, Chantal Charlet-Renard, Christophe J. Desmet, Michel Moutschen, Yves Beguin, Frédéric Baron, Pierrette Melin, Pascale Quatresooz, Anne-Simone Parent, Daniel Desmecht, Jean-Claude Sirard, Roberto Salvatori, Henri Martens, and Vincent G. Geenen
- Subjects
somatotrope axis ,GHRH ,GH ,S. pneumonia ,thymo-independent antigen ,spleen ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
The precise impact of the somatotrope axis upon the immune system is still highly debated. We have previously shown that mice with generalized ablation of growth hormone (GH) releasing hormone (GHRH) gene (Ghrh−/−) have normal thymus and T-cell development, but present a marked spleen atrophy and B-cell lymphopenia. Therefore, in this paper we have investigated vaccinal and anti-infectious responses of Ghrh−/− mice against S. pneumoniae, a pathogen carrying T-independent antigens. Ghrh−/− mice were unable to trigger production of specific IgM after vaccination with either native pneumococcal polysaccharides (PPS, PPV23) or protein-PPS conjugate (PCV13). GH supplementation of Ghrh−/− mice restored IgM response to PPV23 vaccine but not to PCV13 suggesting that GH could exert a specific impact on the spleen marginal zone that is strongly implicated in T-independent response against pneumococcal polysaccharides. As expected, after administration of low dose of S. pneumoniae, wild type (WT) completely cleared bacteria after 24 h. In marked contrast, Ghrh−/− mice exhibited a dramatic susceptibility to S. pneumoniae infection with a time-dependent increase in lung bacterial load and a lethal bacteraemia already after 24 h. Lungs of infected Ghrh−/− mice were massively infiltrated by inflammatory macrophages and neutrophils, while lung B cells were markedly decreased. The inflammatory transcripts signature was significantly elevated in Ghrh−/− mice. In this animal model, the somatotrope GHRH/GH/IGF1 axis plays a vital and unsuspected role in vaccine and immunological defense against S. pneumoniae.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Natural Intrauterine Infection with Schmallenberg Virus in Malformed Newborn Calves
- Author
-
Calixte Bayrou, Mutien-Marie Garigliany, Michael Sarlet, Arnaud Sartelet, Dominique Cassart, and Daniel Desmecht
- Subjects
Schmallenberg virus ,bovine ,calves ,malformations ,viruses ,viral RNA ,Medicine ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
We surveyed morphologic alterations in calves in Belgium that were naturally infected in utero by Schmallenberg virus (SBV) and born with deformities during January–March 2012. SBV-specific RNA was distributed unevenly in different tissues. Natural intrauterine SBV infection of calves might cause serious damage to the central nervous system and muscles.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Influenza A Strain-Dependent Pathogenesis in Fatal H1N1 and H5N1 Subtype Infections of Mice
- Author
-
Mutien-Marie Garigliany, Adélite Habyarimana, Bénédicte Lambrecht, Els Van de Paar, Anne Cornet, Thierry van den Berg, and Daniel Desmecht
- Subjects
Influenza ,viruses ,lung ,acute respiratory distress syndrome ,ARDS ,research ,Medicine ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
To determine if fatal infections caused by different highly virulent influenza A viruses share the same pathogenesis, we compared 2 different influenza A virus subtypes, H1N1 and H5N1. The subtypes, which had shown no pathogenicity in laboratory mice, were forced to evolve by serial passaging. Although both adapted viruses evoked diffuse alveolar damage and showed a similar 50% mouse lethal dose and the same peak lung concentration, each had a distinct pathologic signature and caused a different course of acute respiratory distress syndrome. In the absence of any virus labeling, a histologist could readily distinguish infections caused by these 2 viruses. The different histologic features described in this study here refute the hypothesis of a single, universal cytokine storm underlying all fatal influenza diseases. Research is thus crucially needed to identify sets of virulence markers and to examine whether treatment should be tailored to the influenza virus pathotype.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Rational development of an attenuated recombinant cyprinid herpesvirus 3 vaccine using prokaryotic mutagenesis and in vivo bioluminescent imaging.
- Author
-
Maxime Boutier, Maygane Ronsmans, Ping Ouyang, Guillaume Fournier, Anca Reschner, Krzysztof Rakus, Gavin S Wilkie, Frédéric Farnir, Calixte Bayrou, François Lieffrig, Hong Li, Daniel Desmecht, Andrew J Davison, and Alain Vanderplasschen
- Subjects
Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV 3) is causing severe economic losses worldwide in common and koi carp industries, and a safe and efficacious attenuated vaccine compatible with mass vaccination is needed. We produced single deleted recombinants using prokaryotic mutagenesis. When producing a recombinant lacking open reading frame 134 (ORF134), we unexpectedly obtained a clone with additional deletion of ORF56 and ORF57. This triple deleted recombinant replicated efficiently in vitro and expressed an in vivo safety/efficacy profile compatible with use as an attenuated vaccine. To determine the role of the double ORF56-57 deletion in the phenotype and to improve further the quality of the vaccine candidate, a series of deleted recombinants was produced and tested in vivo. These experiments led to the selection of a double deleted recombinant lacking ORF56 and ORF57 as a vaccine candidate. The safety and efficacy of this strain were studied using an in vivo bioluminescent imaging system (IVIS), qPCR, and histopathological examination, which demonstrated that it enters fish via skin infection similar to the wild type strain. However, compared to the parental wild type strain, the vaccine candidate replicated at lower levels and spread less efficiently to secondary sites of infection. Transmission experiments allowing water contamination with or without additional physical contact between fish demonstrated that the vaccine candidate has a reduced ability to spread from vaccinated fish to naïve sentinel cohabitants. Finally, IVIS analyses demonstrated that the vaccine candidate induces a protective mucosal immune response at the portal of entry. Thus, the present study is the first to report the rational development of a recombinant attenuated vaccine against CyHV 3 for mass vaccination of carp. We also demonstrated the relevance of the CyHV 3 carp model for studying alloherpesvirus transmission and mucosal immunity in teleost skin.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. The α2,3-sialyltransferase encoded by myxoma virus is a virulence factor that contributes to immunosuppression.
- Author
-
Bérengère Boutard, Sophie Vankerckhove, Nicolas Markine-Goriaynoff, Mickaël Sarlet, Daniel Desmecht, Grant McFadden, Alain Vanderplasschen, and Laurent Gillet
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Myxoma virus (MYXV) induces a lethal disease called Myxomatosis in European rabbits. MYXV is one of the rare viruses that encodes an α2,3-sialyltransferase through its M138L gene. In this study, we showed that although the absence of the enzyme was not associated with any in vitro deficit, the M138L deficient strains are highly attenuated in vivo. Indeed, while all rabbits infected with the parental and the revertant strains died within 9 days post-infection from severe myxomatosis, all but one rabbit inoculated with the M138L deficient strains survived the infection. In primary lesions, this resistance to the infection was associated with an increased ability of innate immune cells, mostly neutrophils, to migrate to the site of virus replication at 4 days post-infection. This was followed by the development of a better specific immune response against MYXV. Indeed, at day 9 post-infection, we observed an important proliferation of lymphocytes and an intense congestion of blood vessels in lymph nodes after M138L knockouts infection. Accordingly, in these rabbits, we observed an intense mononuclear cell infiltration throughout the dermis in primary lesions and higher titers of neutralizing antibodies. Finally, this adaptive immune response provided protection to these surviving rabbits against a challenge with the MYXV WT strain. Altogether, these results show that expression of the M138L gene contributes directly or indirectly to immune evasion by MYXV. In the future, these results could help us to better understand the pathogenesis of myxomatosis but also the importance of glycans in regulation of immune responses.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Epizootic Spread of Schmallenberg Virus among Wild Cervids, Belgium, Fall 2011
- Author
-
Annick Linden, Daniel Desmecht, Rosario Volpe, Marc Wirtgen, Fabien Gregoire, Jessica Pirson, Julien Paternostre, Deborah Kleijnen, Horst Schirrmeier, Martin Beer, and Mutien-Marie Garigliany
- Subjects
Schmallenberg ,Bunyaviridae ,epidemiology ,wild cervids ,red deer ,roe deer ,Medicine ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Schmallenberg virus was detected in cattle and sheep in northwestern Europe in 2011. To determine whether wild ruminants are also susceptible, we measured antibody seroprevalence in cervids (roe deer and red deer) in Belgium in 2010 and 2011. Findings indicated rapid spread among these deer since virus emergence ≈250 km away.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Schmallenberg Virus in Domestic Cattle, Belgium, 2012
- Author
-
Mutien-Marie Garigliany, Calixte Bayrou, Déborah Kleijnen, Dominique Cassart, and Daniel Desmecht
- Subjects
Schmallenberg ,bunyavirus ,seroprevalence ,cattle ,Europe ,Schmallenberg virus ,Medicine ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
To determine prevalence of antibodies against Schmallenberg virus in adult cows and proportion of infection transmitted to fetuses, we tested serum samples from 519 cow/calf pairs in Belgium in spring 2012. Of cattle within 250 km of location where the virus emerged, ≈91% tested positive for IgG targeting nucleoprotein. Risk for fetal infection was ≈28%.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Hydrophobin fusion of an influenza virus hemagglutinin allows high transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana, easy purification and immune response with neutralizing activity.
- Author
-
Nicolas Jacquet, Catherine Navarre, Daniel Desmecht, and Marc Boutry
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
The expression of recombinant hemagglutinin in plants is a promising alternative to the current egg-based production system for the influenza vaccines. Protein-stabilizing fusion partners have been developed to overcome the low production yields and the high downstream process costs associated with the plant expression system. In this context, we tested the fusion of hydrophobin I to the hemagglutinin ectodomain of the influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 virus controlled by the hybrid En2PMA4 transcriptional promoter to rapidly produce high levels of recombinant antigen by transient expression in agro-infiltrated Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. The fusion increased the expression level by a factor of ∼ 2.5 compared to the unfused protein allowing a high accumulation level of 8.6% of the total soluble proteins. Hemagglutinin was located in ER-derived protein bodies and was successfully purified by combining an aqueous-two phase partition system and a salting out step. Hydrophobin interactions allowed the formation of high molecular weight hemagglutinin structures, while unfused proteins were produced as monomers. Purified protein was shown to be biologically active and to induce neutralizing antibodies after mice immunization. Hydrophobin fusion to influenza hemagglutinin might therefore be a promising approach for rapid, easy, and low cost production of seasonal or pandemic influenza vaccines in plants.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Bite injuries of grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) on harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena).
- Author
-
Thierry Jauniaux, Mutien-Marie Garigliany, Pauline Loos, Jean-Luc Bourgain, Thibaut Bouveroux, Freddy Coignoul, Jan Haelters, Jacky Karpouzopoulos, Sylvain Pezeril, and Daniel Desmecht
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Bite-like skin lesions on harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) have been suspected to be caused by grey seals (Halichoerus grypus), and a few field observations have been reported. Bite-like skin lesions observed on stranded animals were characterized by two main components: large flaps of loose or missing skin and blubber with frayed edges and puncture lesions. Definitive demonstration of predation by a grey seal was not reported so far in those stranded animals. In this study, five stranded porpoises with bite-like skin lesions were swabbed for genetic investigations. In addition, the head of a recently dead grey seal was used to mimic bite-like skin injuries on a porpoise carcass. Subsequently, the artificial skin injuries were swabbed, along with the gum of the seal used for inflicting them (positive controls). Total DNA was extracted from the swabs and was used to retrieve a fragment of mitochondrial DNA by PCR. Primers were designed to amplify a specific stretch of mitochondrial DNA known to differ between grey seals and porpoises. The amplicon targeted was successfully amplified from the positive control and from two of the stranded porpoises, and grey seal-specific mitochondrial DNA was retrieved from all those samples. We conclude that (1) it is possible to detect grey seal DNA from dead porpoises even after several days in seawater and (2) bite-like skin lesions found on dead porpoises definitively result from grey seals attacks. The attacks are most likely linked with predation although, in a number of cases, scavenging and aggressive behaviour cannot be excluded.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Illumination of murine gammaherpesvirus-68 cycle reveals a sexual transmission route from females to males in laboratory mice.
- Author
-
Sylvie François, Sarah Vidick, Mickaël Sarlet, Daniel Desmecht, Pierre Drion, Philip G Stevenson, Alain Vanderplasschen, and Laurent Gillet
- Subjects
Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Transmission is a matter of life or death for pathogen lineages and can therefore be considered as the main motor of their evolution. Gammaherpesviruses are archetypal pathogenic persistent viruses which have evolved to be transmitted in presence of specific immune response. Identifying their mode of transmission and their mechanisms of immune evasion is therefore essential to develop prophylactic and therapeutic strategies against these infections. As the known human gammaherpesviruses, Epstein-Barr virus and Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus are host-specific and lack a convenient in vivo infection model; related animal gammaherpesviruses, such as murine gammaherpesvirus-68 (MHV-68), are commonly used as general models of gammaherpesvirus infections in vivo. To date, it has however never been possible to monitor viral excretion or virus transmission of MHV-68 in laboratory mice population. In this study, we have used MHV-68 associated with global luciferase imaging to investigate potential excretion sites of this virus in laboratory mice. This allowed us to identify a genital excretion site of MHV-68 following intranasal infection and latency establishment in female mice. This excretion occurred at the external border of the vagina and was dependent on the presence of estrogens. However, MHV-68 vaginal excretion was not associated with vertical transmission to the litter or with horizontal transmission to female mice. In contrast, we observed efficient virus transmission to naïve males after sexual contact. In vivo imaging allowed us to show that MHV-68 firstly replicated in penis epithelium and corpus cavernosum before spreading to draining lymph nodes and spleen. All together, those results revealed the first experimental transmission model for MHV-68 in laboratory mice. In the future, this model could help us to better understand the biology of gammaherpesviruses and could also allow the development of strategies that could prevent the spread of these viruses in natural populations.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Protective role of P2Y2 receptor against lung infection induced by pneumonia virus of mice.
- Author
-
Gilles Vanderstocken, Els Van de Paar, Bernard Robaye, Larissa di Pietrantonio, Benjamin Bondue, Jean-Marie Boeynaems, Daniel Desmecht, and Didier Communi
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
ATP released in the early inflammatory processes acts as a danger signal by binding to purinergic receptors expressed on immune cells. A major contribution of the P2Y(2) receptor of ATP/UTP to dendritic cell function and Th2 lymphocyte recruitment during asthmatic airway inflammation was previously reported. We investigated here the involvement of P2Y(2) receptor in lung inflammation initiated by pneumonia virus of mice infection. We demonstrated that P2Y(2) (-/-) mice display a severe increase in morbidity and mortality rate in response to the virus. Lower survival of P2Y(2) (-/-) mice was not significantly correlated with excessive inflammation despite the higher level of neutrophil recruiters in their bronchoalveolar fluids. Interestingly, we observed reduced ATP level and lower numbers of dendritic cells, CD4(+) T cells and CD8(+) T cells in P2Y(2) (-/-) compared to P2Y(2) (+/+) infected lungs. Lower level of IL-12 and higher level of IL-6 in bronchoalveolar fluid support an inhibition of Th1 response in P2Y(2) (-/-) infected mice. Quantification of DC recruiter expression revealed comparable IP-10 and MIP-3α levels but a reduced BRAK level in P2Y(2) (-/-) compared to P2Y(2) (+/+) bronchoalveolar fluids. The increased morbidity and mortality of P2Y(2) (-/-) mice could be the consequence of a lower viral clearance leading to a more persistent viral load correlated with the observed higher viral titer. The decreased viral clearance could result from the defective Th1 response to PVM with a lack of DC and T cell infiltration. In conclusion, P2Y(2) receptor, previously described as a target in cystic fibrosis therapy and as a mediator of Th2 response in asthma, may also regulate Th1 response protecting mice against lung viral infection.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Characterization of the resistance of SJL/J mice to pneumonia virus of mice, a model for infantile bronchiolitis due to a respiratory syncytial virus.
- Author
-
Stephanie Glineur, Dao Bui Tran Anh, Michaël Sarlet, Charles Michaux, and Daniel Desmecht
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a prominent cause of airway morbidity in children, maintains an excessive hospitalization rate despite decades of research. Host factors are assumed to influence the disease severity. As a first step toward identifying the underlying resistance mechanisms, we recently showed that inbred mouse strains differ dramatically as regards their susceptibility to pneumonia virus of mice (PVM), the murine counterpart of RSV. PVM infection in mice has been shown to faithfully mimic the severe RSV disease in human infants. This study aimed at dissecting the remarkable PVM-resistance shown by the SJL/J strain. To characterize its genetic component, we assessed clinical, physiopathological, and virological resistance/susceptibility traits in large first (F1) and second (F2) generations obtained by crossing the SJL/J (resistant) and 129/Sv (susceptible) strains. Then, to acquire conclusive in vivo evidence in support of the hypothesis that certain radiosensitive hematopoietic cells might play a significant role in PVM-resistance, we monitored the same resistance/susceptibility traits in mock- and γ-irradiated SJL/J mice. Segregation analysis showed that (i) PVM-resistance is polygenic, (ii) the resistance alleles are recessive, and (iii) all resistance-encoding alleles are concentrated in SJL/J. Furthermore, there was no alteration of SJL/J PVM-resistance after immunosuppression by γ-irradiation, which suggests that adaptive immunity is not involved. We conclude that host resistance to pneumoviruses should be amenable to genetic dissection in this mouse model and that radioresistant lung epithelial cells and/or alveolar macrophages may control the clinical severity of pneumovirus-associated lung disease.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. ChemR23 dampens lung inflammation and enhances anti-viral immunity in a mouse model of acute viral pneumonia.
- Author
-
Benjamin Bondue, Olivier Vosters, Patricia de Nadai, Stéphanie Glineur, Olivier De Henau, Souphalone Luangsay, Frédéric Van Gool, David Communi, Paul De Vuyst, Daniel Desmecht, and Marc Parmentier
- Subjects
Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Viral diseases of the respiratory tract, which include influenza pandemic, children acute bronchiolitis, and viral pneumonia of the elderly, represent major health problems. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells play an important role in anti-viral immunity, and these cells were recently shown to express ChemR23, the receptor for the chemoattractant protein chemerin, which is expressed by epithelial cells in the lung. Our aim was to determine the role played by the chemerin/ChemR23 system in the physiopathology of viral pneumonia, using the pneumonia virus of mice (PVM) as a model. Wild-type and ChemR23 knock-out mice were infected by PVM and followed for functional and inflammatory parameters. ChemR23(-/-) mice displayed higher mortality/morbidity, alteration of lung function, delayed viral clearance and increased neutrophilic infiltration. We demonstrated in these mice a lower recruitment of plasmacytoid dendritic cells and a reduction in type I interferon production. The role of plasmacytoid dendritic cells was further addressed by performing depletion and adoptive transfer experiments as well as by the generation of chimeric mice, demonstrating two opposite effects of the chemerin/ChemR23 system. First, the ChemR23-dependent recruitment of plasmacytoid dendritic cells contributes to adaptive immune responses and viral clearance, but also enhances the inflammatory response. Second, increased morbidity/mortality in ChemR23(-/-) mice is not due to defective plasmacytoid dendritic cells recruitment, but rather to the loss of an anti-inflammatory pathway involving ChemR23 expressed by non-leukocytic cells. The chemerin/ChemR23 system plays important roles in the physiopathology of viral pneumonia, and might therefore be considered as a therapeutic target for anti-viral and anti-inflammatory therapies.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. A non-cytosolic protein of Trypanosoma evansi induces CD45-dependent lymphocyte death.
- Author
-
Nicolas Antoine-Moussiaux, Anne Cornet, François Cornet, Stéphanie Glineur, Martin Dermine, and Daniel Desmecht
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
In a recent study dealing with a mouse model of Trypanosoma evansi-associated disease, a remarkable synchrony between the parasitaemia peak and the white-blood-cell count nadir was noticed. The present study was designed to establish whether there is a direct causal link between the parasite load during its exponential phase of growth and the disappearance of peripheral blood leukocytes. In vitro experiments performed with trypanosomes and purified peripheral blood mononucleated cells revealed the existence of a lymphotoxin embedded in the T. evansi membrane: a protein sensitive to serine proteases, with a molecular mass of less than 30 kDa. Lymphocytes death induced by this protein was found to depend on the intervention of a lymphocytic protein tyrosine phosphatase. When lymphocytes were exposed to increasing quantities of a monoclonal antibody raised against the extracellular portion of CD45, a transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatase covering over 10% of the lymphocyte surface, T. evansi membrane extracts showed a dose-dependent decrease in cytotoxicity. As the regulatory functions of CD45 concern not only the fate of lymphocytes but also the activation threshold of the TCR-dependent signal and the amplitude and nature of cytokinic effects, this demonstration of its involvement in T. evansi-dependent lymphotoxicity suggests that T. evansi might manipulate, via CD45, the host's cytokinic and adaptive responses.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Schmallenberg Virus in Calf Born at Term with Porencephaly, Belgium
- Author
-
Mutien-Marie Garigliany, Bernd Hoffmann, Marc Dive, Arnaud Sartelet, Calixte Bayrou, Dominique Cassart, Martin Beer, and Daniel Desmecht
- Subjects
Schmallenberg ,orthobunyavirus ,hydranencephaly ,viruses ,calf ,the Netherlands ,Medicine ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Cluster Analysis Identifies Distinct Patterns of T-Cell and Humoral Immune Responses Evolution Following a Third Dose of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in People Living with HIV
- Author
-
Darcis, Majdouline El Moussaoui, Salomé Desmecht, Nicolas Lambert, Nathalie Maes, Joachim Braghini, Nicole Marechal, Céline Quintana, Karine Briquet, Stéphanie Gofflot, Françoise Toussaint, Marie-Pierre Hayette, Pieter Vermeersch, Laurence Lutteri, Céline Grégoire, Yves Beguin, Souad Rahmouni, Michel Moutschen, Daniel Desmecht, and Gilles
- Subjects
SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine ,HIV ,antibodies ,humoral ,cellular ,immune response ,neutralisation ,third dose ,Omicron ,people living with HIV - Abstract
(1) Background: Many vaccines require higher, additional doses or adjuvants to provide adequate protection for people living with HIV (PLWH). Despite their potential risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019, immunological data remain sparse, and a clear consensus for the best booster strategy is lacking. (2) Methods: Using the data obtained from our previous study assessing prospective T-cell and humoral immune responses before and after administration of a third dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, we assessed the correlations between immune parameters reflecting humoral and cellular immune responses. We further aimed at identifying distinct clusters of patients with similar patterns of immune response evolution to determine how these relate to demographic and clinical factors. (3) Results: Among 80 PLWH and 51 healthcare workers (HCWs) enrolled in the study, cluster analysis identified four distinct patterns of evolution characterised by specific immune patterns and clinical factors. We observed that immune responses appeared to be less robust in cluster A, whose individuals were mostly PLWH who had never been infected with SARS-CoV-2. Cluster C, whose individuals showed a particularly drastic increase in markers of humoral immune response following the third dose of vaccine, was mainly composed of female participants who experienced SARS-CoV-2. Regarding the correlation study, although we observed a strong positive correlation between markers mirroring humoral immune response, markers of T-cell response following vaccination correlated only in a lesser extent with markers of humoral immunity. This suggests that neutralising antibody titers alone are not always a reliable reflection of the magnitude of the whole immune response. (4) Conclusions: Our findings show heterogeneity in immune responses among SARS-CoV-2 vaccinated PLWH. Specific subgroups could therefore benefit from distinct immunization strategies. Prior or breakthrough natural infection enhances the activity of vaccines and must be taken into account for informing global vaccine strategies among PLWH, even those with a viro-immunologically controlled infection.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Reduced T-cell response following a third dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in infection-naïve people living with HIV
- Author
-
Majdouline El Moussaoui, Salomé Desmecht, Aleksandr Tashkeev, Nicolas Lambert, Nathalie Maes, Joachim Braghini, Nicole Marechal, Céline Quintana, Karine Briquet, Stéphanie Gofflot, Françoise Toussaint, Marie-Pierre Hayette, Pieter Vermeersch, Laurence Lutteri, Céline Grégoire, Yves Beguin, Souad Rahmouni, Michel Moutschen, Daniel Desmecht, and Gilles Darcis
- Subjects
Microbiology (medical) ,Infectious Diseases ,COVID-19 Vaccines ,SARS-CoV-2 ,T-Lymphocytes ,Humans ,COVID-19 ,HIV Infections ,Antibodies, Viral - Published
- 2022
40. A gammaherpesvirus licenses CD8 T cells to protect the host from pneumovirus-induced immunopathologies
- Author
-
Matthias Mack, Benjamin G Dewals, Justine Javaux, Laurent Gillet, Mickael Dourcy, Gautier Gilliaux, Bénédicte Machiels, Lorène Dams, Céline Maquet, and Daniel Desmecht
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,viruses ,Immunology ,Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections ,Disease ,CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ,Antibodies, Viral ,Virus ,Immunophenotyping ,Mice ,03 medical and health sciences ,Gammaherpesvirinae ,0302 clinical medicine ,Immune system ,T-Lymphocyte Subsets ,Leukocytes ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Pneumovirus Infections ,Immunology and Allergy ,Cytotoxic T cell ,Respiratory system ,Lung ,Pneumovirus ,business.industry ,Vaccination ,Comment ,Respiratory disease ,virus diseases ,Viral Vaccines ,respiratory system ,medicine.disease ,Antibodies, Neutralizing ,3. Good health ,Disease Models, Animal ,030104 developmental biology ,Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human ,Host-Pathogen Interactions ,Microbial Interactions ,Disease Susceptibility ,business ,030215 immunology - Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a pneumovirus that causes severe infections in infants worldwide. Despite intensive research, safe and effective vaccines against RSV have remained elusive. The main reason is that RSV infection of children previously immunized with formalin-inactivated-RSV vaccines has been associated with exacerbated pathology, a phenomenon called RSV vaccine-enhanced respiratory disease. In parallel, despite the high RSV prevalence, only a minor proportion of children develop severe diseases. Interestingly, variation in the immune responses against RSV or following RSV vaccination could be linked with differences of exposure to microbes during childhood. Gammaherpesviruses (γHVs), such as the Epstein-Barr virus, are persistent viruses that deeply influence the immune system of their host and could therefore affect the development of pneumovirus-induced immunopathologies for the long term. Here, we showed that a previous ɣHV infection protects against both pneumovirus vaccine-enhanced disease and pneumovirus primary infection and that CD8 T cells are essential for this protection. These observations shed a new light on the understanding of pneumovirus-induced diseases and open new perspectives for the development of vaccine strategies.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. In vitro antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 of 28 Strychnos extracts
- Author
-
Allison Ledoux, Kristi Leka, Olivier Bonnet, Aude Blanquer, Tiabou Tchinda Alembert, Patrick da Silva Mirowski, Patricia de Oliveira Figueiredo, Daniel Desmecht, Mutien‐Marie Garigliany, and Michel Frédérich
- Subjects
Pharmacology ,Plant Extracts ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Chlorocebus aethiops ,Animals ,Strychnos ,Antiviral Agents ,Vero Cells ,COVID-19 Drug Treatment - Published
- 2022
42. Association between convalescent plasma treatment and mortality in COVID-19: a collaborative systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
- Author
-
Erin Murphy, Franca Danielle, Carlos Cabello-Gutierrez, Jason A. Roberts, Juan-Manuel Anaya, Fabio Saccona, Paula A. Gaviria García, Geert Meyfroidt, Olufemi Erinoso, Joshua S. Davis, Oskar Ljungquist, Rossana Cavallo, Kathryn M Rowan, James S. Molton, Alberto Romero, Gitana Scozzari, Alexander V. Ivanov, Manaf AlQahtani, Eduardo Rego, Luis E. Argumanis, Jeffrey H. Jennings, German Jr J. Castillo, Deonne Thaddeus V. Gauiran, M. Rahman, Anne Françoise Donneau, Josephine Anne C. Lucero, Christian J. Fareli, Fresthel Monica M. Climacosa, Adrián Camacho-Ortiz, Aditya Kotecha, Nadia Birocco, Damon H. Cao, David Price, Joe Sasadeusz, Jose M. Ignacio, Antonella Cingolani, Abdulkarim Abdulrahman, Alisa Higgins, Perrine Janiaud, James Daly, Eduardo Perez-Alba, Henrik Nielsen, Cecile C. Dungog, Paul Klenerman, Fazle Rabbi Chowdhury, Diana M. Monsalve, Claudia M. Denkinger, Andreas M. Schmitt, Lyn Li Lim, Heli Harvala, Mahesh C. Patel, Alexis F. Turgeon, Akin Abayomi, Vladimir P. Baklaushev, Rachelle N. Alfonso, Fiorella Krapp, Juan E. Gallo, Januario D. Veloso, Lynn B. Bonifacio, Bryan J. McVerry, Mehdi Safdarian, Ismael F. Aomar, Yanet Ventura-Enriquez, Alric V. Mondragon, Pedrito Y. Tagayuna, Mona Landin-Olsson, Yhojan Rodríguez, Nina Khanna, André Gothot, David Grimaldi, Forhad Hossain Chowdhury, Paola M. Manzini, Farah Al-Beidh, Vivekanand Jha, Ángel Augusto Pérez-Calatayud, Inmaculada Poyato, Salvador Oyonarte, Anne Kristine H. Quero, Manuel Rojas, Carlo Francisco N. Cortez, Bernardo Camacho, Elvira Garza-González, Susan C. Morpeth, Steve Webb, Anastasia Perkina, Marissa M. Alejandria, Emma Laing, Matthew V. N. O'Sullivan, Naomi Perry, Karin Holm, Alexander Averyanov, John P. A. Ioannidis, Mutien Garigliany, Patricia J. Garcia, Ashraful Hoque, Ivy Mae S. Escasa, Jodor Lim, Paul R. Mouncey, Balasubramanian Venkatesh, Kai Zacharowski, Lise J Estcourt, Concepción López-Robles, Teresita E. Dumagay, Megan Rees, Emily R. Smith, Juan C. Díaz-Coronado, Jorge M. Llaca-Díaz, Julián Olalla, Janneke van 't Hooft, S. Rahman, Michel Moutschen, Pierre-François Laterre, Carlos A. Peña-Perez, Geneva Tatem, Mandana Pouladzadeh, Sandy C. Maganito, Lars G. Hemkens, Benjamin A. Rogers, Ryan Zarychanski, Mark Angelo C. Ang, Amy Evans, Susanna Dunachie, Tom Snelling, Claudia Galassi, Anthony C. Gordon, Ana Cardesa, Jesus A. Garcia, Colin McArthur, Akin Osibogun, Zoe McQuilten, David Moher, Juan Mauricio Pardo-Oviedo, Benoît Misset, Naomi E Hammond, Maria Clariza M. Santos, Maria Lundgren, Yeny Acosta-Ampudia, Steven Y. C. Tong, Ana M. Mata, Gorav Sharma, Sergio D’Antico, Maike Janssen, Alistair Nichol, Christian Wikén, Noah Haber, Alaa AlZamrooni, Alonso Soto, Jens Kjeldsen-Kragh, Salvador López-Cárdenas, Patricia L. Garcia, Manu Shankar-Hari, Rubén D. Manrique, Ileana Lopez-Plaza, Sally Campbell-Lee, Giovannino Ciccone, Jeser Santiago Grass Guaqueta, Miguel Marcos, Francisco M. Heralde, Richard M. Novak, Eric Hoste, Asha C. Bowen, Ignacio Marquez, Abel Costa Neto, David K. Menon, Ma Angelina L. Mirasol, Magnus Rasmussen, David Gómez-Almaguer, Erica M. Wood, Jennifer Hines, Daniel Desmecht, Olga Balionis, Thomas Benfield, Veronica Fernandez-Sanchez, Ruby Anne N King, Jesús Rodríguez-Baño, David L. Paterson, Jose M. Carnate, Carolina Ramírez-Santana, Lothar Wiese, Luciana Labanca, Cameron Green, Jose Antonio Giron-Gonzalez, Abbie Bown, Scott Berry, Agnes L.M. Evasan, Juan A. Díaz Ponce-Medrano, Manal Abduljalil, Anna Flor G. Malundo, Justin T Denholm, Amy Tang, Juan Macías, Luciana Teofili, Veerle Compernolle, Steven N. Goodman, Manuela Aguilar-Guisado, Thomas Hills, Cathrine Axfors, Tome Najdovski, Jesica A. Herrick, Bodunrin Osikomaiya, David J. Roberts, Mayur Ramesh, Francesco Giuseppe De Rosa, Francisco Javier Martínez-Marcos, Mohammed K. Ali, Gaukhar M. Yusubalieva, Carsten Müller-Tidow, Parastoo Moradi Choghakabodi, AlQahtani, Manaf [0000-0002-1523-0429], Hills, Thomas E [0000-0003-0322-5822], Hoste, Eric [0000-0001-9301-8055], Price, David J [0000-0003-0076-3123], Yusubalieva, Gaukhar M [0000-0003-3056-4889], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, University of Manitoba, NIHR, National Institute for Health Research, UCL - SSS/IREC/MEDA - Pôle de médecine aiguë, and UCL - (SLuc) Service de soins intensifs
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Infectious Medicine ,Convalescent plasma ,Infektionsmedicin ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Passive ,Placebo ,Microbiology ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Randomized controlled trial ,1108 Medical Microbiology ,law ,Internal medicine ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,COVID-19 Serotherapy ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ,Science & Technology ,business.industry ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Immunization, Passive ,COVID-19 ,1103 Clinical Sciences ,Intensive care unit ,Confidence interval ,3. Good health ,TIME ,Clinical trial ,Settore MED/15 - MALATTIE DEL SANGUE ,Meta-analysis ,Clinical research ,Treatment Outcome ,Infectious Diseases ,Relative risk ,Immunization ,business ,Life Sciences & Biomedicine ,Research Article ,0605 Microbiology ,COVID-19/therapy - Abstract
This collaborative meta-analysis was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation and the Laura and John Arnold Foundation (grant supporting the post-doctoral fellowship at the Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS), Stanford University). The funders had no role in the design of this collaborative meta-analysis; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; or in the report writing., We would like to express our warm gratitude to all participating patients and convalescent plasma donors. We thank Katja Suter and Sina Ullrich, University of Basel, for their administrative assistance. For their helpful contribution to individual trials, we thank Erica Wood, Iain Gosbell, Richard Charlewood, Thomas Hills, Veronica Hoad, Kristina Kairaitis, Aikaj Jindal, John Gerrard, Hong Foo, Adam Stewart, and Nanette Trask (ASCOT trial); Amalia Bravo-Lindoro, Ral Carrillo-Esper, Karla Maldonado-Silva, Catalina Casillas-Suárez, Orlando Carrillo-Torres, Sandra Murrieta, Elizabeth Diaz-Padilla, Eli Omar Zavaleta, Yadira Bejar-Ramirez, and Evelyn Cortina-de la Rosa (CPC-SARS trial); Sheri Renaud, Roel Rolando-Almario, and Jacqueline Day (NCT04385199 trial); Sandra Tingsgrd, MD, Karen Brorup Heje Pedersen, MD, Michaela Tinggaard, MD, Louise Thorlacius-Ussing, MD, Clara Lundetoft Clausen, MD, Nichlas Hovmand, MD, Simone Bastrup Israelsen, MD, Cecilie Leding, MD, Katrine Iversen, MD, Maria Engel Miller, MD, Hkon Sandholdt, MSc biostatistician (CCAP-2 trial). On behalf of the IRCT20200310046736N1 trial, we thank the Khuzestan Blood Transfusion Organization for specialized assistance in the preparation and maintenance of plasma samples. On behalf of the NCT04332835 trial, we thank all the members of the "PC-COVID-19 Group" at the Clinica del Occidente and Hospital Universitario Mayor Mederi in Bogota, and Clinica CES in Medellin. On behalf of the NCT04403477 trial, we thank Miles Carroll for his support regarding the antibody testing in Bangladesh. The Co-CLARITY team would like to extend their gratitude to the Department of Science and Technology Philippine Council for Health Research and Development and the UP-Philippine General Hospital for all their support in the setting up and conduct of the trial. For helpfully communicating details of their trial, we thank members of the PlasmAr trial, NCT04359810 trial (Max O´Donnell), NCT04468009 trial, and CTRI/2020/05/025299 trial. Support for title page creation and format was provided by AuthorArranger, a tool developed at the National Cancer Institute (https://www.cancer.gov/)., During the conduct of the study, the following is reported: Dr. Berry reports being employee with ownership role at Berry Consultants (receives payments for statistical modeling and design of REMAP-CAP). Dr. Castillo reports grants from DOST PCHRD. Dr. Daly reports grants from Medical Research Future Fund (Australian Govt) and RBWH. Dr. Denkinger reports grants from German Ministry for Education and Research. Dr. Dumagay reports grants from Philippine Council for Health Research and Development. Dr. Dunachie reports grants from UK Department of Health and Social Care, grants from UK National Institute of Health Research. Dr. Gauiran reports grants from Department of Science and Technology—Philippine Council for Health Research and Development. Dr. Gordon reports grants from NIHR, grants from NIHR Research Professorship (RP-2015-06-18), and non-financial support from NIHR Clinical Research Network. Dr. Higgins reports grants from NHMRC and from the Minderoo Foundation. Dr. Hills reports grants from Health Research Council of New Zealand. Dr. Holm reports grants from Swedish Government Funds for Clinical Research (ALF). Dr. Janssen and Dr. Müller-Tidow report grants from the Federal Ministry of Education and Research in Germany (BMBF) to the RECOVER clinical trial. Dr. Krapp reports grants from Department of Foreign Affairs, Trade, and Development of Canada, grants from Fundación Telefónica del Perú. Dr. J. Lim reports grants from the Department of Science and Technology, Philippine Council for Health Research and Development. Dr. Lucero reports grants from Philippine Council for Health Research and Development. Dr Manrique reports economic support from Grupo ISA Intercolombia for the project development of trial NCT04332835. Drs. McQuilten and Wood report grants from Medical Research Future Fund. Dr. McVerry reports grants from The Pittsburgh Foundation, Translational Breast Cancer Research Consortium, and from UPMC Learning While Doing Program. Mr. Mouncey reports grants from National Institute for Health Research and from the European Union FP7: PREPARE. Dr. Najdovski reports payment from KUL Leuven to Belgian Red Cross for supply of convalescent plasma. Dr. Nichol reports grants from Health Research Board of Ireland. Dr. D. Roberts reports grants from the National Institute for Health (UKRIDHSC COVID-19 Rapid Response Rolling Call—Grant Reference Number COV19-RECPLAS) and the European Commission (SUPPORT-E #101015756). Dr. Rowan reports grants from the European Commission and from the UK National Institute for Health Research. Dr. Shankar-Hari reports grants from National Institute for Health Research UK, grants from UKRI-National Institute for Health Research UK. Dr. Turgeon reports grants from Canadian Institutes of Health Research. Dr. Venkatesh reports grants from Baxter. Dr. Webb reports grants from National Health and Medical Research Council, grants from Minderoo Foundation. Dr. Zacharowski reports grants from EU Horizon 2020. The ASCOT trial team (Drs Bowen, Daly, Davis, Denholm, Hammond, Jha, L. Lim, McQuilten, Molton, Morpeth, O’Sullivan, Paterson, Perry, Price, Rees, Roberts, Rogers, Sasadeusz, Snelling, Tong, Venkatesh, Wood) is funded by grants from from Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital Foundation, Pratt Foundation, Minderoo Foundation, BHP Foundation, Hospital Research Foundation, Macquarie Group Foundation, Health Research Council of New Zealand, Australian Partnership for Preparedness Research on Infectious Disease Emergencies (APPRISE), and the collection and supply of convalescent plasma was conducted within Lifeblood’s funding arrangements. The CONFIDENT trial is funded by the Belgian KCE (blood establishments received payment for the convalescent plasma supplied in the clinical trial). REMAP-CAP was supported in part by funding from UKRIDHSC COVID-19 Rapid Response Rolling Call (Grant Reference Number COV19-RECPLAS). Collection of convalescent plasma for REMAP-CAP was funded by the Department of Health and Social Care, UK. The IRCT20200310046736N1 trial was supported by the Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences (Grant No. R.AJUMS.REC.1399.003, Dr. Pouladzadeh). The PC-COVID-19 Group is supported by the Universidad del Rosario, IDCBIS, ISA Group and Suramericana (Colombia). Outside the submitted work, the following is reported: Dr. Axfors reports postdoctoral grants from the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, Uppsala University, the Swedish Society of Medicine, the Blanceflor Foundation, and the Sweden-America Foundation. Dr. Aomar reports personal fees from SOBI, GEDEON RICHTER, and GSK. Dr. Benfield reports grants from Novo Nordisk Foundation, Simonsen Foundation, Lundbeck Foundation, Kai Hansen Foundation, Erik and Susanna Olesen’s Charitable Fund; grants and personal fees from GSK, Pfizer, Gilead; and personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, MSD, and Pentabase ApS. Dr. Estcourt reports being an investigator on the RECOVERY trial. Dr. Gordon reports personal fees from GlaxoSmithKline, Bristol Myers Squibb, and 30 Respiratory. Dr. Jha reports grants and personal fees from Baxter Healthcare, personal fees from Astra Zeneca, grants from NephroPlus. Dr. Laterre reports personal fees from Adrenomed. Dr. McVerry reports grants from NIH/NHLBI and Bayer Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Dr. Mondragon reports financial activities outside the submitted work (employment at Johnson & Johnson). Dr. Perry reports partner being employed at CSL and owning shares in CSL. Dr. Paterson reports involvement with ALLIANCE trial of COVID-19 treatments. Dr. J. Roberts reports other COVID-19 related trials (in different patient groups): tocilizumab in ICU patients; hydroxychloroquine dosing in ICU patients; planned study of remdesivir pharmacokinetics in patients during expanded access program; and in silico evaluation of ivermectin dosing. Dr Sasadeusz reports grants from various Pharma companies including Gilead Sciences, Abvvie, Merck, and Takeda. Dr. Zacharowski reports personal fees from Biotest AG, CSL Behring, GE Heathcare, and is President of the ESAIC., Background: Convalescent plasma has been widely used to treat COVID-19 and is under investigation in numerous randomized clinical trials, but results are publicly available only for a small number of trials. The objective of this study was to assess the benefits of convalescent plasma treatment compared to placebo or no treatment and all-cause mortality in patients with COVID-19, using data from all available randomized clinical trials, including unpublished and ongoing trials (Open Science Framework, https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/GEHFX). Methods: In this collaborative systematic review and meta-analysis, clinical trial registries (ClinicalTrials.gov, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform), the Cochrane COVID-19 register, the LOVE database, and PubMed were searched until April 8, 2021. Investigators of trials registered by March 1, 2021, without published results were contacted via email. Eligible were ongoing, discontinued and completed randomized clinical trials that compared convalescent plasma with placebo or no treatment in COVID-19 patients, regardless of setting or treatment schedule. Aggregated mortality data were extracted from publications or provided by investigators of unpublished trials and combined using the Hartung–Knapp–Sidik–Jonkman random effects model. We investigated the contribution of unpublished trials to the overall evidence. Results: A total of 16,477 patients were included in 33 trials (20 unpublished with 3190 patients, 13 published with 13,287 patients). 32 trials enrolled only hospitalized patients (including 3 with only intensive care unit patients). Risk of bias was low for 29/33 trials. Of 8495 patients who received convalescent plasma, 1997 died (23%), and of 7982 control patients, 1952 died (24%). The combined risk ratio for all-cause mortality was 0.97 (95% confidence interval: 0.92; 1.02) with between-study heterogeneity not beyond chance (I2 = 0%). The RECOVERY trial had 69.8% and the unpublished evidence 25.3% of the weight in the meta-analysis. Conclusions: Convalescent plasma treatment of patients with COVID-19 did not reduce all-cause mortality. These results provide strong evidence that convalescent plasma treatment for patients with COVID-19 should not be used outside of randomized trials. Evidence synthesis from collaborations among trial investigators can inform both evidence generation and evidence application in patient care., Amalia Bravo-Lindoro, BHP Foundation, Blanceflor Foundation, Department of Foreign Affairs, Trade, and Development of Canada, Eli Omar Zavaleta, Erik and Susanna Olesen’s Charitable Fund, Federal Ministry of Education and Research in Germany, Fundación Telefónica del Perú, IDCBIS, ISA Group and Suramericana, Kai Hansen Foundation, Katja Suter and Sina Ullrich, Khuzestan Blood Transfusion Organization, Macquarie Group Foundation, Medical Research Future Fund, NephroPlus, RBWH, Roel Rolando-Almario NCT04385199, Royal Brisbane, Sheri Renaud, Simonsen Foundation, UKRI-National Institute for Health Research UK, UKRIDHSC COV19-RECPLAS, UP-Philippine General Hospital CTRI/2020/05/025299, NCT04359810, NCT04468009, Women’s Hospital Foundation, National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Pittsburgh Foundation, Pfizer, Baxter International, Stanford University, Gilead Sciences, National Institute on Handicapped Research RP-2015-06-18, Meso Scale Diagnostics, Universität Basel, Laura and John Arnold Foundation, Health Research Board, Pratt Foundation, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, National Institute for Health Research, Department of Health and Social Care, European Commission 101015756, National Health and Medical Research Council, Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India, Health Research Council of New Zealand, Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung, Sweden-America Foundation, Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, Lundbeckfonden, Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse, Seventh Framework Programme, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Uppsala Universitet, Horizon 2020, Svenska Läkaresällskapet, Universidad del Rosario, Pharmaceuticals Bayer, Novo Nordisk Fonden, Department of Science and Technology, Philippines, Philippine Council for Health Research and Development, Minderoo Foundation
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. SARS-CoV-2 Natural Transmission from Human to Cat, Belgium, March 2020
- Author
-
Didier Giet, Anne Sophie Van Laere, Christèle Huon, Daniel Desmecht, Mutien Garigliany, Cécile Clercx, Sylvie van der Werf, Marc Eloit, Nicolas Escriou, Université de Liège, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA), Institut Pasteur [Paris], and École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)
- Subjects
Epidemiology ,viruses ,lcsh:Medicine ,Viral Zoonoses ,0302 clinical medicine ,MESH: Belgium ,Belgium ,SARS-CoV-2 Natural Transmission from Human to Cat, Belgium, March 2020 ,MESH: COVID-19 ,Medicine ,MESH: Animals ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Respiratory system ,reverse zoonosis ,MESH: Viral Zoonoses ,biology ,Transmission (medicine) ,[SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology ,transmission ,3. Good health ,Infectious Diseases ,coronavirus disease ,Female ,MESH: Cats ,Antibody ,severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ,Microbiology (medical) ,Felis silvestris catus ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,030231 tropical medicine ,cat ,Virus ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,2019 novel coronavirus disease ,respiratory infections ,03 medical and health sciences ,Research Letter ,Animals ,Humans ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,Viral rna ,Positive test ,Feces ,MESH: Humans ,SARS-CoV-2 ,business.industry ,pandemic ,lcsh:R ,COVID-19 ,Virology ,zoonoses ,Cats ,biology.protein ,business ,MESH: Female - Abstract
International audience; In March 2020, a severe respiratory syndrome developed in a cat, 1 week after its owner received positive test results for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Viral RNA was detected in the cat's nasopharyngeal swab samples and vomitus or feces; immunoglobulin against the virus was found in convalescent-phase serum. Human-to-cat transmission is suspected.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. First Evidence of Fatal Usutu Virus Natural Infections in an Anatidae, the Common Scoter (Melanitta nigra)
- Author
-
Julien Paternostre, Dominique Cassart, Daniel Desmecht, Michaël Sarlet, Emna Benzarti, Annick Linden, Mutien-Marie Garigliany, Mathieu Franssen, and Dany Hauman
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,030231 tropical medicine ,Zoology ,030108 mycology & parasitology ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Anseriformes ,Anatidae ,Microbiology ,Virus ,Scoter ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Infectious Diseases ,Strigiformes ,Virology ,Fatal disease ,Usutu virus - Abstract
While fatal infections caused by the Usutu virus appeared to concern only passerines (especially the blackbird) and Strigiformes (especially the great gray owl), we report herein that the virus also naturally causes a fatal disease in an anseriforme species, the common scoter (Melanitta nigra).
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Anti-Influenza A Virus Activities of Type I/III Interferons-Induced Mx1 GTPases from Different Mammalian Species
- Author
-
Phai Dam Van, Daniel Desmecht, Dao Bui Tran Anh, Anne-Sophie Van Laere, and Mutien-Marie Garigliany
- Subjects
Myxovirus Resistance Proteins ,Buffaloes ,Swine ,Immunology ,Defence mechanisms ,GTPase ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Interferon Lambda ,03 medical and health sciences ,Dogs ,Virology ,Influenza A virus ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Horses ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,Effector ,Schmallenberg virus ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Cell Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,HEK293 Cells ,Interferon Type I ,Mx protein ,040102 fisheries ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Cattle ,Interferons ,Intracellular - Abstract
Type I/III interferons provide powerful and universal innate intracellular defense mechanisms against viruses. Among the antiviral effectors induced, Mx proteins of some species appear as key components of defense against influenza A viruses. It is expected that such an antiviral protein must display a platform dedicated to the recognition of said viruses. In an attempt to identify such platform in human MxA, an evolution-guided approach capitalizing on the antagonistic arms race between MxA and its viral targets and the genomic signature it left on primate genomes revealed that the surface-exposed so-called "loop L4", which protrudes from the compact structure of the MxA stalk, is a hotspot of recurrent positive selection. Since MxA is archetypic of Mx1 proteins in general, we reasoned that the L4 loop also functions as a recognition platform for influenza viruses in the Mx1 proteins of other species that had been exposed to the virus for ever. In this study, the anti-influenza activity of 5 distinct mammalian Mx1 proteins was measured by comparing the number of viral nucleoprotein-positive cells 7 h after infection in a sample of 100,000 cells expected to contain both Mx1-positive and Mx1-negative cell subpopulations. The systematic depletion (
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Host-dependence of in vitro reassortment dynamics among the Sathuperi and Shamonda Simbuviruses
- Author
-
Benoît Muylkens, Céline Caty, Laetitia Wiggers, Nathalie Kirschvink, Damien Coupeau, Pierre Baillieux, Daniel Desmecht, Anne-Cécile Lenaerts, Axel Marichal, and Calixte Bayrou
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Insecta ,Orthobunyavirus ,Epidemiology ,viruses ,030106 microbiology ,Immunology ,Reassortment ,Biology ,Bunyaviridae Infections ,Microbiology ,Genome ,Arbovirus ,Article ,Cell Line ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cricetinae ,Virology ,Drug Discovery ,medicine ,Animals ,viral selection ,Retrospective Studies ,Recombination, Genetic ,Genetics ,Host (biology) ,virus diseases ,General Medicine ,biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,In vitro ,recombination ,Multipartite ,030104 developmental biology ,Infectious Diseases ,arbovirus ,Parasitology ,reassortment ,Reassortant Viruses ,Recombination - Abstract
Orthobunyaviruses are arboviruses (Arthropod Borne Virus) and possess multipartite genomes made up of three negative RNAs corresponding to the small (S), medium (M) and large (L) segments. Reassortment and recombination are evolutionary driving forces of such segmented viruses and lead to the emergence of new strains and species. Retrospective studies based on phylogenetical analysis are able to evaluate these mechanisms at the end of the selection process but fail to address the dynamics of emergence. This issue was addressed using two Orthobunyaviruses infecting ruminants and belonging to the Simbu serogroup: the Sathuperi virus (SATV) and the Shamonda virus (SHAV). Both viruses were associated with abortion, stillbirth and congenital malformations occurring after transplacental transmission and were suspected to spread together in different ruminant and insect populations. This study showed that different viruses related to SHAV and SATV are spreading simultaneously in ruminants and equids of the Sub-Saharan region. Their reassortment and recombination potential was evaluated in mammalian and in insect contexts. A method was set up to determine the genomic background of any clonal progeny viruses isolated after in vitro coinfections assays. All the reassortment combinations were generated in both contexts while no recombinant virus was isolated. Progeny virus populations revealed a high level of reassortment in mammalian cells and a much lower level in insect cells. In vitro selection pressure that mimicked the host switching (insect-mammal) revealed that the best adapted reassortant virus was connected with an advantageous replicative fitness and with the presence of a specific segment.
- Published
- 2019
47. Schmallenberg virus, cyclical reemergence in the core region: A seroepidemiologic study in wild cervids, Belgium, 2012-2017
- Author
-
Nassim Moula, Calixte Bayrou, Damien Coupeau, Julien Paternostre, Benoît Muylkens, Christophe Lesenfants, Daniel Desmecht, Rosario Volpe, and Annick Linden
- Subjects
Orthobunyavirus ,040301 veterinary sciences ,Zoology ,Bunyaviridae Infections ,Virus ,0403 veterinary science ,03 medical and health sciences ,Capreolus ,Belgium ,Seroepidemiologic Studies ,General pattern ,Seroprevalence ,Animals ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,reemergence ,General Veterinary ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,biology ,Deer ,Schmallenberg virus ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,wild cervids ,Cervus elaphus - Abstract
Schmallenberg virus emerged in 2011 in Europe. The epicentre of primordial spreading was the region straddling Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium. One of the key questions is whether the newcomer would establish a lasting presence on the continent. The apparent seroprevalence in southern Belgium wild deer populations was followed for 6 years. Two years of intense circulation were revealed, 2012 and 2016, characterized by a peak seroprevalence in the two studied populations (Capreolus capreolus and Cervus elaphus). Between the peak years and after 2016, apparent seroprevalences declined rapidly among adults and became nil among juveniles. The general pattern of apparent seroprevalence evolution observed is consistent with a cyclic circulation of Schmallenberg virus, similar to what is observed for other Orthobunyaviruses in endemic areas. These data also suggest that wild cervids play no central role in the circulation dynamics of the virus.
- Published
- 2021
48. SARS-CoV-2 neutralising antibody testing in Europe: towards harmonisation of neutralising antibody titres for better use of convalescent plasma and comparability of trial data
- Author
-
Marieke Hoogerwerf, Pierre Gallian, C. Ellen van der Schoot, Joaquin Mendoza, Salvador Oyonarte, Ria Lassaunière, Maurice Steenhuis, Fiona Brouwer, Hubert Schrezenmeier, Anders Fomsgaard, Piet Maes, Nadège Brisbarre, Johan Reimerink, Marta Romano, Mutien Garigliany, Abdennour Amroun, Isabelle Leparc Goffart, Hendrik B. Feys, Katarina Resman Rus, Chantal Reusken, Dung Nguyen, Daniel Desmecht, Bram Van Holm, Tatjana Avšič-Županc, Eva Zusinaite, Sophie Le Cam, Peter Simmonds, Heli Harvala, Elise Wouters, Gunnveig Grødeland, Christophe Martinaud, Cyril Barbezange, Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), Landsteiner Laboratory, and AII - Inflammatory diseases
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,2019-20 coronavirus outbreak ,Convalescent plasma ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Epidemiology ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Neutralising antibody ,standardisation ,Antibodies, Viral ,MESH: Antibodies, Neutralizing ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Virology ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Medicine ,MESH: COVID-19 ,Humans ,MESH: SARS-CoV-2 ,neutralising antibodies ,COVID-19 Serotherapy ,Science & Technology ,MESH: Humans ,Plasma samples ,biology ,business.industry ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Immunization, Passive ,COVID-19 ,standardisation, COVID-19 ,Antibodies, Neutralizing ,3. Good health ,Europe ,030104 developmental biology ,Infectious Diseases ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Immunology ,convalescent plasma ,biology.protein ,MESH: Immunization, Passive ,MESH: Europe ,Antibody ,business ,Life Sciences & Biomedicine ,Rapid Communication ,MESH: Antibodies, Viral - Abstract
We compared the performance of SARS-CoV-2 neutralising antibody testing between 12 European laboratories involved in convalescent plasma trials. Raw titres differed almost 100-fold differences between laboratories when blind-testing 15 plasma samples. Calibration of titres in relation to the reference reagent and standard curve obtained by testing a dilution series reduced the inter-laboratory variability ca 10-fold. The harmonisation of neutralising antibody quantification is a vital step towards determining the protective and therapeutic levels of neutralising antibodies. ispartof: EUROSURVEILLANCE vol:26 issue:27 ispartof: location:Sweden status: published
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. A randomized, multicentre, open-label phase II proof-of-concept trial investigating the clinical efficacy and safety of the addition of convalescent plasma to the standard of care in patients hospitalized with COVID-19
- Author
-
Anne Luyten, Geert Verbeke, David Grimaldi, Michel Moutschen, Marta Romano, Cyril Barbezange, Michel Toungouz Nevessignsky, Veerle Compernolle, Daniel Desmecht, Geert Meyfroidt, Jean-Cyr Yombi, Peter Verhamme, Johan van Griensven, Lucie Seyler, Bart N. Lambrecht, Alexander Schauwvlieghe, Tatjana Geukens, Kevin K. Ariën, Katleen Vandenberghe, Myriam Cleeren, Timothy Devos, Erika Vlieghe, Nicolas Dauby, Laurens Liesenborghs, Piet Maes, Mathematics, Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Internal Medicine, UCL - SSS/IREC/SLUC - Pôle St.-Luc, and UCL - (SLuc) Service de médecine interne générale
- Subjects
Male ,Convalescent plasma ,COVID-19/diagnosis ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Disease ,Antibodies, Viral ,Global Burden of Disease ,Study Protocol ,0302 clinical medicine ,Antibodies, Viral/blood ,Belgium ,Pandemic ,Health care ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Clinical endpoint ,Pharmacology (medical) ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Hospitalization/trends ,lcsh:R5-920 ,0303 health sciences ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Standard of Care ,Combined Modality Therapy ,Hospitalization ,Treatment Outcome ,Combined Modality Therapy/methods ,Standard of Care/statistics & numerical data ,Female ,Safety ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,Adult ,safety ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Randomization ,Respiration, Artificial/statistics & numerical data ,Antibodies ,03 medical and health sciences ,SARS-CoV-2/genetics ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Mortality ,Belgium/epidemiology ,030304 developmental biology ,Mechanical ventilation ,SARS-CoV-2 ,business.industry ,Immunization, Passive ,Immunity ,Médecine pathologie humaine ,COVID-19 ,Respiration, Artificial ,Clinical trial ,Immunization, Passive/methods ,Bronchoalveolar lavage ,Human medicine ,business - Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed an enormous burden on health care systems around the world. In the past, the administration of convalescent plasma of patients having recovered from SARS and severe influenza to patients actively having the disease showed promising effects on mortality and appeared safe. Whether or not this also holds true for the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus is currently unknown. Methods DAWn-Plasma is a multicentre nation-wide, randomized, open-label, phase II proof-of-concept clinical trial, evaluating the clinical efficacy and safety of the addition of convalescent plasma to the standard of care in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Belgium. Patients hospitalized with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 are eligible when they are symptomatic (i.e. clinical or radiological signs) and have been diagnosed with COVID-19 in the 72 h before study inclusion through a PCR (nasal/nasopharyngeal swab or bronchoalveolar lavage) or a chest-CT scan showing features compatible with COVID-19 in the absence of an alternative diagnosis. Patients are randomized in a 2:1 ratio to either standard of care and convalescent plasma (active treatment group) or standard of care only. The active treatment group receives 2 units of 200 to 250 mL of convalescent plasma within 12 h after randomization, with a second administration of 2 units 24 to 36 h after ending the first administration. The trial aims to include 483 patients and will recruit from 25 centres across Belgium. The primary endpoint is the proportion of patients that require mechanical ventilation or have died at day 15. The main secondary endpoints are clinical status on day 15 and day 30 after randomization, as defined by the WHO Progression 10-point ordinal scale, and safety of the administration of convalescent plasma. Discussion This trial will either provide support or discourage the use of convalescent plasma as an early intervention for the treatment of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 infection. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04429854 .Registered on 12 June 2020 - Retrospectively registered., info:eu-repo/semantics/published
- Published
- 2020
50. A multicenter randomized trial to assess the efficacy of CONvalescent plasma therapy in patients with Invasive COVID-19 and acute respiratory failure treated with mechanical ventilation: the CONFIDENT trial protocol
- Author
-
Michel Moutschen, Veerle Compernolle, Daniel Desmecht, David Grimaldi, Mutien-Marie Garigliany, Geert Meyfroidt, Tome Najdovski, Pierre-François Laterre, André Gothot, Anne-Françoise Donneau, Benoit Misset, Eric Hoste, UCL - SSS/IREC/MEDA - Pôle de médecine aiguë, and UCL - (SLuc) Service de soins intensifs
- Subjects
Time Factors ,Convalescent plasma ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Respiratory System ,Respiratory failure ,Antibodies, Viral ,Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,Study Protocol ,0302 clinical medicine ,Mechanical ventilation ,Randomized controlled trial ,Belgium ,law ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Data monitoring committee ,Multicenter Studies as Topic ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ,education.field_of_study ,Mortality rate ,Intensive Care Units ,Treatment Outcome ,Pneumologie ,Life Sciences & Biomedicine ,Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Population ,Randomized ,03 medical and health sciences ,Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic ,Intensive care ,medicine ,Humans ,0101 mathematics ,education ,lcsh:RC705-779 ,Science & Technology ,Intention-to-treat analysis ,business.industry ,010102 general mathematics ,Immunization, Passive ,COVID-19 ,lcsh:Diseases of the respiratory system ,Respiration, Artificial ,Emergency medicine ,business - Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic reached Europe in early 2020. Convalescent plasma is used without a consistent evidence of efficacy. Our hypothesis is that passive immunization with plasma collected from patients having contracted COVID-19 and developed specific neutralizing antibodies may alleviate symptoms and reduce mortality in patients treated with mechanical ventilation for severe respiratory failure during the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Methods: We plan to include 500 adult patients, hospitalized in 16 Belgian intensive care units between September 2020 and 2022, diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, under mechanical ventilation for less than 5 days and a clinical frailty scale less than 6. The study treatment will be compared to standard of care and allocated by randomization in a 1 to 1 ratio without blinding. The main endpoint will be mortality at day 28. We will perform an intention to treat analysis. The number of patients to include is based on an expected mortality rate at day 28 of 40 percent and an expected relative reduction with study intervention of 30 percent with α risk of 5 percent and β risk of 20 percent. Discussion: This study will assess the efficacy of plasma in the population of mechanically ventilated patients. A stratification on the delay from mechanical ventilation and inclusion will allow to approach the optimal time use. Selecting convalescent plasmas with a high titer of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 will allow a homogeneous study treatment. The inclusion in the study is based on the consent of the patient or his/her legal representative, and the approval of the Investigational Review Board of the University hospital of Liège, Belgium. A data safety monitoring board (DSMB) has been implemented. Interim analyses have been planned at 100, 2002, 300 and 400 inclusions in order to decide whether the trail should be discontinued prematurely for ethical issues. We plan to publish our results in a peer-reviewed journal and to present them at national and international conferences. Funding and registration: The trial is funded by the Belgian Health Care Knowledge Center KCE, SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
- Published
- 2020
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.