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Background: Dates are highly perishable fruits, and maintaining their quality during storage is essential for both commercial viability and consumer satisfaction. One effective strategy for preserving their nutritional and functional properties is through drying, which reduces moisture content and inhibits microbial growth while concentrating essential nutrients. This study compared the impact of three drying methods (sun drying, hot air oven drying, and cabinet drying) on the chemical, functional, and microbial properties of date flour. The flesh of two date varieties, Amber and Sukkari, was processed by washing, drying at 65°C, milling, and sieving to obtain fine flour, which was then subjected to analysis. Results: The results revealed that fat (5.35 ± 0.07%), protein (10.50 ± 0.00%), and crude fiber (8.57 ± 0.59%) contents were higher in hot‐air oven‐dried amber date fruit. Moisture (12.94 ± 0.63%), ash (2.37 ± 0.03%), and vitamin C (0.024 ± 0.00 mg/100 g) contents were reported to be higher in sun‐dried Sukkari date due to the slower drying process and exposure to lower drying temperatures during sun drying, which allows for minimal thermal degradation of heat‐sensitive compounds like vitamin C. Oven‐dried Amber date powder displayed greater water absorption (1.10 mL/g) and solubility (66.60%). In terms of microbial analysis, both hot air oven‐dried Amber and Sukkari dates had the lowest total viable count (1.19 × 105 and 9.45 × 104 CFU/mL, respectively). Conclusion: Hot air oven drying is a suitable method for drying date fruit as it results in the highest retention of protein, fiber, and ash content while also maintaining low moisture levels, reducing microbial growth, and improving shelf life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the synergistic effect of the combination of three plant extracts including green walnut hulls, potato peel, and date pulp on the oxidation of sunflower oil over 15 days of storage at 70 °C. The total polyphenol and flavonoid compounds of three extracts were measured. Also, the antioxidant efficiency was studied by evaluating the DPPH scavenging assay and IC50. Furthermore, the effectiveness of plant extracts on the oxidation of sunflower oil was determined by measuring p-anisidine (AV), peroxide (PV), thiobarbituric acid (TBA-V), and total oxidation (TOTOX). The total polyphenols and flavonoids ranged from (TP: 1084.36, 1076.59, and 414.71mg GAE/100 g extract; and TF: 549. 9mg CE/100 g extract, 475.28, 304.18mg CE/100 g extract) for green walnut hulls, potato peel, and date pulp extracts, respectively. The DPPH assay indicated that TBHQ is almost 2, 3, and 24 times more effective than those of green walnut hulls, potato peel, and date pulp extracts, respectively. According to the obtained results the combination of plant extracts indicated high antioxidant effects which was competitive with the synthetic antioxidant of TBHQ. The best synergistic effects were obtained for GP100 in terms of PV and TOTOX values, and SP200 and GP500 for TBA-V, and AV, respectively. Furthermore, a regression model based on a deep neural network to predict oil oxidation was proposed for the first time. First, a dataset using data collected from the laboratory experiments was organized. After developing several regression models based on deep neural networks, the models were trained and tested to choose the better model. Finally, cross-validation techniques to test the model for prediction of four parameters of AV, PV, TBA-V, and TOTOX values were conducted. The accuracy of predictions for AV, PV, TOTOX, and TBA-V was more than %99, %99, %94 and %90, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the agricultural and food supply chains have attracted both academia and industrial practitioners. This paper first considers the characteristics of the date product as one of the most well-known and rich fruits to design and address its supply chain design. Special characteristics in date products have made the supply chain design to be unique. Therefore, considering different customers along with the specific product ow is another contribution of this paper. Reportedly, there is no work on this topic. Several old and recent meta-heuristic algorithms are utilized in multi-objective meta-heuristics to reach better intensification and diversification trade-offs. By the Taguchi design experiment method, appropriate parameter values of the proposed algorithms are chosen. Besides, the solution quality is investigated by approaches including the Relative Percentage Deviation (RPD), CPU time, and weighted LP-metric method. The results showed that a Multi-Objective Keshtel Algorithm (MOKA) is more efficient and consistently outperforms other utilized algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research explores the potential for generating biogas and clean energy by processing organic waste, a process that can become a sustainable solution to Syria's energy needs. Focusing on agricultural residues generated from citrus fruit orange, date, and jujube cultivation in Syria, this study evaluates the potential for anaerobic digestion of these residues for biogas production. It highlights the influence of substrate composition and the optimization of fermentation processes on biogas and methane production. The study focuses on evaluating the anaerobic digestion process by examining various dosages ranging from 20% to 50% dry matter for citrus orange waste, and different types of substrate with a fixed ratio of 20% substrate dry matter. It specifically discusses the factors influencing the inhibitory effect of anaerobic digestion, giving particular consideration to orange waste, a significant byproduct of the citrus industry. The biogas produced maintained a stable methane content when a citrus‐to‐inoculum ratio of 30:70 was used. Jujube waste, characterized by a composition rich in cellulose and hemicellulose, exhibited a higher potential for biogas and methane generation among the fruit waste investigated, particularly when combined with the inoculum in a 20:80 ratio. The research findings underscore the potential of using Syrian agricultural residues, including orange citrus peel, date, and jujube fruit, for the production of biogas through anaerobic digestion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Date pomace (DP), the primary source of the solid wastes generated from date processing industry, characterized by high sugar concentration and elevated moisture content, it constitutes about 30% of the weight of the processed dates. In addition to the safe disposal, incorporating DP in the medium for bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) production as nutrient source can significantly reduce the production cost. This study aims to investigate the influence of the operational conditions namely the initial pH, incubation temperature, and DP juice ratio in the medium on the yield, water holding capacity, moisture content and morphology of the produced BNC. samples with constant initial pH, and fixed juice ratio were incubated at different temperatures. To explore the optimal initial pH value samples with fixed juice ratio were incubated at 30 °C. Samples with different juic ratio and fixed initial pH value were incubated at 30 °C. The structure and morphology of the produced BNC were tested using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The Maximum BNC wet and dry yields of 31.6 g/L and 0.62 g/L were achieved at an initial pH of 6, an incubation temperature of 30 °C, and a juice ratio in the medium of 10%, respectively. The results FESEM revealed that doubling the DP juice ratio in the culture medium increased the porosity and regularity of the porous structure of the produced BNC. Increasing juice ratio in the medium decreased the yield, water holding capacity and moisture content of the produced BNC. Since oxygen is developed throughout the fermentation process and different types of sugars are produced from the degradation of starch elements in DP, it was difficult to establish a correlation between the sugar and oxygen consumption and the resultant BNC yield. The findings validated the feasibility of employing DP juice as a substrate for the manufacture of nanocellulose material with the added benefit of mitigating environmental pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The relationship between the saliva urea N (SUN) and plasma urea N (PUN) concentrations was investigated in red deer calves (n = 23) over a five-month period with the objective of creating an easy tool to quickly evaluate circulating urea nitrogen concentrations. The experimental design comprised a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with different seasonality phenotypes (high and low) and two different forage-based diets, namely a medium-quality diverse treatment (Diverse) or a low-quality perennial ryegrass–white clover treatment (PRG), which were offered ad libitum. Blood and saliva samples for the determination of the PUN and SUN were evaluated monthly at civil dawn between April and September of 2022. A moderately strong relationship between the PUN and SUN was identified by simple linear regression (R2 = 0.65; p < 0.001). The interaction between diet and the date of sampling had a significant effect on the relationship between the SUN and PUN (p < 0.001). This interaction is likely explained by the seasonal variation in the crude protein (CP) content in the diet. The use of a mixed-model procedure improved the model fit, increasing the R2 by 0.12 and reducing the root mean square error by 0.341. There was no effect of seasonality on the prediction estimates of the PUN from the SUN, although a tendency for a sex–seasonality interaction was observed (p = 0.09). Therefore, an evaluation of the diet and date of sampling can be used to improve the reliability of the prediction estimates of the PUN from the SUN in red deer calves. Further investigation into the effects of significant factors on this relationship is required to improve the reliability of the model before the SUN can be used to predict the PUN. Red deer (Cervus elaphus), like other ruminants, excrete approximately 70% of the nitrogen they ingest. Developing ways in which to reduce the rate of loss, such as manipulating the diet or selecting for efficiency of growth, requires close monitoring of the plasma urea N (PUN) concentration which, in turn, requires a simple, safe, and reliable method for collecting samples. Saliva is easier to collect than blood, but the relationship between the salivary urea N (SUN) and the PUN is not known for red deer. This was therefore evaluated in two strains of mixed-sex red deer calves (Cervus elaphus): a phenotype with a high seasonality of growth (H, n = 10) and a phenotype with a low seasonality of growth (L, n = 13). Both phenotypes were divided into two groups, which were each offered one of two forage-based diets ad libitum: a medium-quality diverse treatment and a low-quality perennial ryegrass–white clover treatment. Blood and saliva samples for the determination of the PUN and SUN were collected at dawn every four weeks for five months (April to September 2022). There was a strong linear relationship between the PUN and SUN in the pooled sample (R2 = 0.65, p < 0.001). The estimations of the PUN were significantly improved by adding diet and the date of sampling into the model (p < 0.001), but not phenotype (p > 0.75). SUN represents a reliable index of the PUN, and collecting saliva therefore represents a simple and inexpensive alternative to collecting blood samples in studies of nitrogen metabolism in red deer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research investigates citric acid (CA) synthesis using the indigenous strain Aspergillus niger ASP26, which was isolated from date by‐products. The study initially involved isolating fungi capable of CA production and identifying the most potent strain based on its characteristic enzymatic activity. A. niger ASP26 was acknowledged in a previous study for its remarkable ability to produce extracellular enzymes, such as cellulase and amylase, which enable it to degrade organic materials effectively. After the identification phase, these isolates were screened for CA production using a modified Czapek‐Dox medium. The research identified significant factors affecting CA production in submerged fermentation, including pH, carbon source, inoculum size, and fermentation time. Optimal conditions were determined for A. niger ASP26, resulting in a maximum CA yield of 16.89 g/L. These conditions included a 2.5% spore suspension at 2 × 107 spores/mL, an initial glucose concentration of 125 g/L, and incubation at 30°C for 144 h. Notably, A. niger ASP26 demonstrated the ability to produce CA under stress conditions as well. Citric acid is essential for various biological processes, such as cellular respiration, and is naturally present in citrus fruits. It also serves as a preservative and flavor enhancer in processed foods and beverages. The ability of A. niger ASP26 to produce CA from agricultural residues positions it as a viable candidate for sustainable CA production, harnessing the value from organic waste materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the continuous popularity of domestic radio watches and clocks, the importance of low-frequency radio stations has become increasingly significant. However, as domestic low-frequency radio stations have been established for over 20 years, with the erosion of time, radio antennas and ground networks have suffered varying degrees of damage, leading to a potential decline in the broadcasting efficiency of the radio stations. Especially in recent years, with the continuous development of technology, industries related to time accuracy have increasingly higher demands, surpassing the precision provided by traditional quartz clocks, which are no longer sufficient to meet market needs. To verify the actual transmission efficiency of existing low-frequency radio stations and to meet the demands of a wide range of radio users, this paper adopts a new testing method specifically designed for low-frequency communication signals for testing and analysis. Relevant parameters are organized, and communication data on the antenna parameters during the initial station construction period are collected and organized. The two sets of data are then analyzed and compared to validate the antenna efficiency of low-frequency stations' output signals. Based on the relevant verification data, the extent of damage to the low-frequency antenna ground network is determined, providing reference information for the subsequent repair of antennas and ground networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Special Treatment / Különleges Bánásmód is the property of University of Debrecen and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Decree 1584/2010 by Fernández de Kirchner officially establishes the name 'Day of Respect for Cultural Diversity' for the anniversary of October 12. This work aims to explore the discursive representations of this date. The study employs the theoretical framework of critical discourse studies and analyzes 32 semi-structured interviews conducted in six institutions in San Miguel de Tucumán (Argentina) between 2015 and 2018. It is based on the hypothesis that the change in 2010 has generated a multiplicity of discursive representations. The results indicate that there is a predominant one that rides on two images: that of the Discovery of America associated with Day of the Race and that of the Day of Respect for Cultural Diversity. A commemorative change towards a new content and paradigm is inferred, then, but it is far from having been accepted by the adult population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Erciyes Agriculture & Animal Science is the property of Erciyes Tarim ve Hayvan Bilimleri Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this investigation is to determine how gamma radiation-induced oxidative stress impacts the reproductive system of adult chickens. In this study, we used 39-57 weeks old cocks' chickens to assess the significance of semen volume10-3liter per bird per ejaculation). Sperm count overall (108 cells per ejaculation) and count per milliliter (108 cells). The volume, concentration data, and sum sperm data of cock chickens all increased significantly with age, though not at all ages; rather, just at a select few ages that were considered to be the control (regulate) group. These data were found after 35 days of gamma radiation at soft dose rates (soft intensity) of at100, 120 and 130cm between cages of chickens and radioactive source with 0.402, 0.279 and 0.237 Gy/h respectively. This is a six-hour daily chronic dose rate (extended duration of radiation). As the soft dosage rate was gradually increased, a significant decline in the values was observed. The semen volume data drop ratio was calculated for each male chicken generation and compared to the control group using three chronic moderate doses of irradiation at doses ranging from around 4.8 to 13.6 percent and semen concentrations from roughly 4.9 to 14 percent. The average results from both groups showed that when the intensity of the gamma ray radiation increased, all metrics significantly declined. Using date seeds extract(Phoenix dactylifera L.) as a defense against oxidative stresses brought on by radiation exposure and to lower its percentage data, especially on particular sperm data qualities. Due to its availability in the Middle East, the use of date seeds extracts(Phoenix dactylifera L.) in this study proved beneficial in terms of both economic return and fertility-boosting effects on chickens, as evidenced by the positive results obtained when compared to other antioxidants under the same conditions. Due to its availability in the Middle East, the use of date seeds extracts(Phoenix dactylifera L.) in this study proved beneficial in terms of both economic return and fertility-boosting effects on chickens, as evidenced by the positive results obtained when compared to other antioxidants under the same conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authentication and dating of rare ceramics is generally carried out using subjective criteria, mainly based on visual interpretation. However, the scientific study and evaluation of the materials used could contribute objectively. The analytical data relating to the major and minor elements of the coloring agents of the decoration or the base marks, and the characteristics of the raw materials (related to geology and ore processing), can be obtained on the conservation site non-invasively using a pXRF instrument and the phases formed may be identified using Raman microspectroscopy. This approach is applied to 28 objects assigned to the production of the Meissen Factory, from the collection of the Musée National de Céramique, Cité de la Céramique, Sèvres. They have polychromic or blue-and-white decorations and are supposed to have been produced in the 18th and 19th centuries. Some have a production date that has been perfectly established, others may have been produced using an earlier mold, or even have been decorated on an unknown date different from that of the firing of the biscuit. The combination of several classification criteria concerning the type of glaze, previously identified in the study of French and Chinese 17th and 18th centuries productions, i.e., the elements associated with cobalt present in the mark or the blue decoration and the relative levels of impurities of the glaze matrix, both characteristic of the raw materials and giving a strong XRF signal, leads to the identification of groups of homogeneous objects (respectively, counting seven, three, two and two objects for which at least four out of five criteria are identical); the other objects present too many differences to be considered as having been produced with the same raw materials. The first group brings together almost all the objects with a reliable pedigree made before ~1750, but includes two objects with decoration types closer to those of the 1800s. The comparison of the pXRF signals confirms the possibility of identifying the use of European ingredients for the production of painted enamels in the Qing dynasty.

Red deer (Cervus elaphus), like other ruminants, excrete approximately 70% of the nitrogen they ingest. Developing ways in which to reduce the rate of loss, such as manipulating the diet or selecting for efficiency of growth, requires close monitoring of the plasma urea N (PUN) concentration which, in turn, requires a simple, safe, and reliable method for collecting samples. Saliva is easier to collect than blood, but the relationship between the salivary urea N (SUN) and the PUN is not known for red deer. This was therefore evaluated in two strains of mixed-sex red deer calves (Cervus elaphus): a phenotype with a high seasonality of growth (H, n = 10) and a phenotype with a low seasonality of growth (L, n = 13). Both phenotypes were divided into two groups, which were each offered one of two forage-based diets ad libitum: a medium-quality diverse treatment and a low-quality perennial ryegrass–white clover treatment. Blood and saliva samples for the determination of the PUN and SUN were collected at dawn every four weeks for five months (April to September 2022). There was a strong linear relationship between the PUN and SUN in the pooled sample (R2 = 0.65, p < 0.001). The estimations of the PUN were significantly improved by adding diet and the date of sampling into the model (p < 0.001), but not phenotype (p > 0.75). SUN represents a reliable index of the PUN, and collecting saliva therefore represents a simple and inexpensive alternative to collecting blood samples in studies of nitrogen metabolism in red deer.

School meal has an important nutritional value, especially at the primary stage.It is cover a high percentage of the daily intake. This study aimed to study the affecting partial substitution of date paste by sesame seed cake in the school meal (biscuit-date) on sensory evaluation , physical and chemical characteristics and evaluating from the daily intake of school children.Siwi date paste and sesame seed cake were anlyizwd before before being used in the production of the school meal. Sesame seed cake was added as a partial substitute of the date paste at diffrent ratio 10,20,30,40 and 50%. Result showed that the ratio of date paste :sesame seed cake(80:20) was the highest sensory parameters .Results indicated that the substituation date paste of bascuit with sesame seed cake up 20% is higher in nutritional value than date paste in bascuit only especially of protein ,fat ,ash ,total phenols and anitioxant activity. The substituation date paste of bascuit with sesame seed cake up 20% were gavien the recommended dietary allowances higher than bascuit with date paste.

In addressing the challenges of food security and nutritional deficiencies, the study aimed to assess the nutritional and techno-functional attributes of an extruded breakfast cereal composed of yellow maize, sorghum, and date palm. The processing involved transforming yellow maize, sorghum, and date palm into flours, and various samples (MA, MB, MC, SA, SB, SC, and MSD) were blended in different proportions (90:0:10, 80:0:20, 70:0:30, 0:90:10, 0:80:20, 0:70:30, 45:45:10, respectively) to create a nutritionally balanced extruded cereal. Standard methods were employed for the analysis to evaluate techno-functional properties (bulk density, water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, swelling power, and dispersability), mineral content (sodium, potassium, calcium, iron, and zinc), and color properties (brightness, redness, and yellowness) of the extruded breakfast cereal samples. Techno-functional property ranges were determined, such as bulk density (ranged from 0.39 g/cm³ to 0.50 g/cm³), water absorption capacity (ranged from 1.69 g/ml to 4.43 g/ml), oil absorption capacity (ranged from 1.56 g/ml to 2.14 g/ml), swelling power (ranged from 1.43 g/g to 4.27 g/g), and dispersability (ranged from 23.37% to 60.05%). Mineral content results included sodium (ranging from 10.88 mg/100g to 18.67 mg/100g), potassium (ranging from 253 mg/100g to 351.65 mg/100g), calcium (ranging from 321.50 mg/100g to 421.40 mg/100g), iron (ranging from 9.22 mg/100g to 15.2 mg/100g), and zinc (ranging from 4.11 mg/100g to 5.36 mg/100g). Colour determination exhibited brightness values ranging from 55.31 to 64.48, redness from 0.63 to 2.73, and yellowness from 10 to 17.37.The study demonstrated that extruded breakfast cereals combining yellow maize, sorghum, and date palm met acceptable quality standards in nutritional assessment. The use of date palm as a sugar substitute enhanced mineral bioaccessibility. Furthermore, the incorporation of date palm flour into maize and sorghum-based samples improved both techno-functional properties and mineral content, presenting a novel application for date palm fruits.

Different substrates have several materials which could have direct and/or indirect effects on plant growth and development. Therefore selecting the best substrate between the various materials is imperative to plant productivity. This research was carried out with using a completely randomized design with three treatments and seven replications. The treatments were including perlite, date-palm waste and soil. During plant growth irrigation rate, temperature, humidity, pest control for all treatments were similar. Cucumis Stativus cultivar was used for seeds. During plant growth Papadopolus formula with fertigation method used for nutrient solution. Some physiochemical characteristics of cultivation substrates were measured. The growth indices of cucumber plant were measured at the end of growth period. Results showed that higher amount of yield, biomass weight, SD, plant height, root weight, LAI and fruit TSS related to date-palm waste that had a significant difference with soil at 5% level but generally had not any significant difference at 5% level as compared with perlite substrate.

This study investigates the impact of the hydration process on the softening, desirability, and quality of Deiri dates under the influence of ultrasound waves. The experimental setup included two ultrasound application conditions (with ultrasound and without ultrasound), five water temperatures (30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 degrees Celsius), and five soaking durations (40, 55, 70, 85, and 100 minutes). The qualitative parameters examined were moisture content, color indices L, a, b, ∆E, total sugar, and reduced sugar. Textural characteristics such as firmness, chewability, gumminess, and springiness were also evaluated. The response surface methodology (RSM) with a central composite design (CCD) was employed for data analysis using the Design Expert 10 software.The results demonstrated that the proposed regression models were significant in determining the effects of hydration on moisture content, reduced sugar, total sugar, color indices L and ∆E, firmness, chewability, cohesiveness, and springiness of the treated samples. Specifically, the moisture content and reduced sugar of samples treated with ultrasonic hydration were 7.47% and 1.34 times higher, respectively, compared to those treated without ultrasound, indicating a pronounced effect of ultrasound. However, the color indices a and b were not significant at the 0.05 level. Optimization results indicated that the optimal conditions for the hydration process of Deiri date fruits involved a temperature of 40 degrees Celsius and a duration of 85 minutes with the application of ultrasound. While ultrasound had a significant effect on several traits, its economic justification must also be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authentication and dating of rare ceramics is generally carried out using subjective criteria, mainly based on visual interpretation. However, the scientific study and evaluation of the materials used could contribute objectively. The analytical data relating to the major and minor elements of the coloring agents of the decoration or the base marks, and the characteristics of the raw materials (related to geology and ore processing), can be obtained on the conservation site non-invasively using a pXRF instrument and the phases formed may be identified using Raman microspectroscopy. This approach is applied to 28 objects assigned to the production of the Meissen Factory, from the collection of the Musée National de Céramique, Cité de la Céramique, Sèvres. They have polychromic or blue-and-white decorations and are supposed to have been produced in the 18th and 19th centuries. Some have a production date that has been perfectly established, others may have been produced using an earlier mold, or even have been decorated on an unknown date different from that of the firing of the biscuit. The combination of several classification criteria concerning the type of glaze, previously identified in the study of French and Chinese 17th and 18th centuries productions, i.e., the elements associated with cobalt present in the mark or the blue decoration and the relative levels of impurities of the glaze matrix, both characteristic of the raw materials and giving a strong XRF signal, leads to the identification of groups of homogeneous objects (respectively, counting seven, three, two and two objects for which at least four out of five criteria are identical); the other objects present too many differences to be considered as having been produced with the same raw materials. The first group brings together almost all the objects with a reliable pedigree made before ~1750, but includes two objects with decoration types closer to those of the 1800s. The comparison of the pXRF signals confirms the possibility of identifying the use of European ingredients for the production of painted enamels in the Qing dynasty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Real Estate Research / Fudōsan Kenkyū is the property of Japan Real Estate Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study investigated the effect of exposure of enamel surfaces to dried fruit suspension including dates, raisins, and dried apricot on their micro-hardness changes. Methods: In this in vitro study, fifty enamel sections of bovine incisor teeth were mounted inside the acrylic resin so that the enamel surface would not be exposed to the acrylic. After surface polishing, the initial micro-hardness was measured by a Vickers hardness-testing machine. The samples were randomly placed into five different solutions including apricot, raisin and date suspension, citric acid (positive control) or sorbitol (negative control), 5 times a day, each time for 5 minutes, and then in artificial saliva for 60 minutes. This process was repeated for 20 days. Eventually, the final micro-hardness of the samples was measured. Micro-hardness changes between groups were compared through ANOVA and TUKEY test using SPSS 23 software with a significance level of P

Copyright of Scientific Annals of the 'Al. I. Cuza' University, Iasi. Sociology & Social Work / Analele Stiintifice ale Universitatii 'Al. I. Cuza' Iasi Sociologie si Asistenta Sociala is the property of Alexandru Ioan Cuza University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Date palm production and marketing contribute substantially to food security, reduction of malnutrition, mitigation of poverty, and income diversification for poor agro-pastoralists in Ethiopia. However, marketing systems are not sophisticated and well functioning, and producers do not as such benefit from date market participation due to different factors. This study examined factors that determine date market participation decisions and intensity. A total of 384 date producers were selected through a multi-stage sampling technique. A Descriptive and Double hurdle model was employed to analyze the data. The Double hurdle econometric model revealed that producers with access to extension services, improved date palm varieties, credit, road infrastructure, market information, land access, better market prices, better educational status, and direct to consumer marketing channels were more likely to participate in and supply the date market. Whereas producers who had livestock, dwellings distant from the nearest market, or a greater number of date palm trees, were adversely affected in date market participation intensity. The results of this study support the recommendations for establishing extension services, rural education, rural road infrastructure, marketplaces, and institutional support; and providing credit access, improved date palm varieties, additional hectares of land for date production, and updated market information to date palm producers.

Copyright of Çukurova Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi (CUIFD) is the property of Cukurova Universitesi Ilahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi (CUIFD) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: This study investigated the effect of exposure of enamel surfaces to dried fruit suspension including dates, raisins, and dried apricot on their microhardness changes. Methods: In this in vitro study, fifty enamel sections of bovine incisor teeth were mounted inside the acrylic resin so that the enamel surface would not be exposed to the acrylic. After surface polishing, the initial micro-hardness was measured by a Vickers hardness-testing machine. The samples were randomly placed into five different solutions including apricot, raisin and date suspension, citric acid (positive control) or sorbitol (negative control), 5 times a day, each time for 5 minutes, and then in artificial saliva for 60 minutes. This process was repeated for 20 days. Eventually, the final micro-hardness of the samples was measured. Micro-hardness changes between groups were compared through ANOVA and TUKEY test using SPSS 23 software with a significance level of P<0.05. Results: After exposure, the micro-hardness of the teeth was significantly reduced in all three suspensions prepared from dried fruit (P<0.05). Apricot and date had the highest and lowest effects on reducing the micro-hardness of teeth, respectively. Sorbitol solution did not have a significant effect on changing the micro-hardness of teeth (P=0.13). Conclusion: The suspension of studied fruits (apricot, raisin, date) causes a significant reduction in micro-hardness of the dental enamel surface, indicating the negative effect of frequent consumption of dried fruits over long periods of time on dental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study focuses on those elements of the history of the Golden Bull, issued by King Andrew II in 1222, which the historical consciousness believes that “we know for sure”. These include, among other things, the place and date of the publication of the Golden Bull, the circumstances in which it was issued, the question of the interpretation of some of its particularly significant provisions and, closely related to this, its content, with particular reference to the interpretation of the famous reservation of resistance. The answers to the questions raised reveal what we really know, what we can reasonably assume (although historiography cannot prove it beyond all doubt with its own instruments), and what are the opinions previously thought to be scientifically established, which are contrary to the historical reality of the Golden Bull and thus belong to the world of legends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the autograph of the poem I fiumi by Giuseppe Ungaretti, in order to explain the inconsistency between the date on the manuscript and the date on the printed tradition. By reading the documents about the poet’s life in 1916 and an analysis of his working method, it was possible to reconstruct his relocations of that summer and provide a hypothesis as to why he changed the poem’s date.

Review of book Lamont, E. The Mating Game: How Gender Still Shapes How We Date

The date palm has been cultivated in dry and hot areas of the planet for much of human history. In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, dates are the main crop used as a source of food. Among several species of date fruits, the Ajwa AL-Madinah date is unique, growing only in Al-Madinah geographical region. The Ajwa date is used in traditional medicine due to its abundant active components and therapeutic properties. This study investigates the structural properties and the antioxidant effects of water-soluble polysaccharides extracted from Ajwa flesh and seed. The polysaccharides were isolated by two techniques including hot water and ultrasonic extraction. After isolation and partial purification, the physicochemical properties of four samples of polysaccharides extracted from flesh and seed were studied by several techniques including FTIR, solid-state NMR, elemental analysis, and mass spectrometry. Several radical scavenging experiments were combined to study the antioxidant activity of the polysaccharide compounds. FTIR and NMR results showed a structure typical of heterogeneous polysaccharides. Mass spectrometry revealed that the polysaccharide samples were composed mainly of mannose, glucose, galactose, xylose, arabinose, galacturonic acid, and fucose. In addition, the physicochemical properties and composition of polysaccharides extracted from flesh and seed were compared. The extracted polysaccharides showed antioxidant activity, with 2, 2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging, Fe chelating ability, hydroxyl free radical scavenging ability, and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging. These results highlight their potential to be a useful nutritional element or supplemental medication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food processing is fundamental to extend the shelf-life of food products. During the processing, several parts of food are wasted. FAO indicated that about one-third of the world's food production for human consumption was lost or wasted, and food waste is an environmental, economic, and social problem. Fruits and vegetables are the food groups with the highest amount of food waste, both in food processing and in consumption stage. However, those by-products constitute a potential source of bioactive compounds, with powerful biological activities. This paper carries out a comprehensive review of the scientific literature, on the main active compounds of some fruits and vegetable by-products, their biological activities, and potential uses. This study highlights the importance of food safety assessment of by-products to ensure human health. The cherry, plum, date and artichoke by-products presented high antioxidant and antimicrobial activity, which makes them sustainable natural high-added value compounds to be reincorporated into the food supply chain, to improve functionality as well as to extend the shelf-life of food products, within the framework of the circular economy. [Display omitted] • Food by-products are a potential source of bioactive compounds. • By-products valorization has economic and environmental benefits. • Polyphenols from by-products have antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. • They could be applied in active food packaging for shelf-life extension. • There is a lack of studies regarding the safety of food by-products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Contemporary Islamic Studiens Magazine is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Labor pain is one of the most severe pains which a woman experiences during childbirth. Therefore, due to the importance of reducing labor pain and performing normal vaginal delivery, the present study was conducted aimed to compare the effect of oral consumption of honey-saffron syrup with date syrup on labor pain in nulliparous women.Methods: This randomized clinical trial study was performed in 2019 on 180 primiparous women referring to the maternity ward of Besat Hospital in Sanandaj. The subjects were randomly divided into three groups: honey saffron syrup, date syrup and placebo group. Inclusion criteria were: nulliparous women, 4 cm dilatation of the cervix, age 18-35 years, and singleton pregnancy. The above fluids were given at the beginning of the study (dilatation of 4 cm) and then every 30-60 minutes until the end of the active phase of the first stage of labor according to the patient's desire. Pain assessment line was used to evaluate the severity of labor pain. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 24) and analysis of variance, Chi-square and Repeated Measurement tests. P

Background and objective: The current study aims to evaluate the glycemic index of local honey and date intake in healthy adults. Methods: The study was conducted on 24 healthy volunteers. They were given 50 g of carbohydrates from Haji Omeran local honey, Khudri (or Khadrawi) local date and reference food (white bread). The average body mass index and age of volunteers are almost similar. The blood samples were collected from finger capillaries to assess the glucose levels by using glucometer at selected time points (0, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes). The data was recorded and statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Duncan comparison. Results: The study results showed that the glycemic index of the honey and date is classified as a medium glycemic index, referring to their high carbohydrates content. The results also indicated that honey and dates have significantly different effects (P0.05). Conclusions: In conclusion, eating behavior regarding honey and date consumption, particularly portion size and ingestion timing, is essential to manage blood glucose levels. Thus, glycemic index values should be considered in promoting a healthy lifestyle from chronic related metabolic disorders especially, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and obesity.

This study was designed to investigate the efficacies of almond and date fruits on redox imbalance and enzymes relevant to the pathogenesis of erectile dysfunction. The total polyphenol contents, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and vitamin C content were determined spectrophotometrically. Phenolic and amino acid compositions were quantified using HPLC; meanwhile, the antioxidant activities were determined using DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and metal chelation. Also, the effect of almond and date extract on advanced glycated end‐products (AGEs) formation, arginase, and phosphodiesterase‐5 activities was evaluated in vitro. Thereafter, the influence of almond and date supplemented diets on copulatory behaviors in normal rats was assessed, followed by arginase and phosphodiesterase‐5 activities determination in vivo. The results revealed that date and almond extracts exerted antioxidant properties, prevented AGEs formation in vitro, and inhibited arginase and phosphodiesterase‐5 activities in vitro and in vivo. Besides, almond and date supplemented diets significantly enhance sexual behaviors in normal rats when compared with the control. Among the active compounds identified were gallic acid, ellagic acid, quercetin, and rutin. All the 20 basic amino acids were identified. Given the aforementioned, date and almond could represent a reliable source of functional foods highly rich in compounds with antioxidant activity, and arginase and PDE‐5 inhibitory properties. Practical applications: Fruits are essential part of the human diet that furnish the body with important nutrients. Despite the crucial roles of fruits in human diets, some fruits like almond and date are underutilized among Nigerians. However, we characterized the important compounds present in these fruits and how their presence contributes to the biological activities of the fruits. Finally, we relate the chemical composition and the observed biological activities to the overall health and wellness of the consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Date was considered a high nutritional value fruit due to its high content of active ingredients. Frequent exposure to cosmetic radiations including UVC caused deleterious effects and tissue damage and organ affection. This study investigated the efficacy of Ajwa date extract (ADE) in protection against UVC-induced kidney injury in rats. Five groups of rats were included in this study. Group I: Rats were exposed to UVC radiation at a dose 5 kJ (1 h/day) for 28 days. Group II: Rats were pretreated orally with ADE (10 mg/kg/day) 1 h before exposure to UVC radiation with dose 5 kJ. Group III: Rats were pretreated with ADE (15 mg/kg) 1 h before exposure to UVC radiation. Group IV: Rats were exposed to UVC radiation then treated with ADE (10 mg/kg). Group V: Rats exposed to UV radiation then treated with ADE (15 mg/kg) after 1 h from exposure. Analyzing the active constituents of ADE by GC/MS showed that, quercetin, myricetin kaempferol, thymine, and catechol are the most active ingredients. Biochemical markers obtained showed that, serum 8-oxoguanine as marker for DNA damage was increased, and total antioxidant activity and glutathione reduced were decreased (p < 0.01), while neutrophil (p < 0.001), conjugated diene (p < 0.05), and interferon-γ (p < 0.01) were increased after exposure to UVC. However, all the parameters changed were reversed by ADE-treated rats compared with untreated; the higher dose was more effective and protective effect was better than treated effect. Kidney total proteins and reduced glutathione and procollagen levels were decreased while malondialdehyde was increased after exposure to UVC (p < 0.01). These abnormalities were normalized by ADE treatment and protected. It was concluded that, flavonoids from Ajwa extract protected against deleterious effects of UVC by enhancing antioxidant activities and reducing infiltration of neutrophils that caused kidney injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sawtoothed weevil, Oryzaephilus surinamensis L., Indian moth, Plodia interpunctella Hübner and flour moth, Ephestia kuheniella Zeller are the most important storage pests of dates in Iran which reduce the quantity and quality of the yield. Spatial distribution and successive sampling models were studied with constant accuracy (0.1 and 0.25) by Green method. Then the validity of these models was determined using a series of separate data. Estimation of population density within different developmental stages of these pests was studied using spectroscopy in date storage conditions. Based on the values ​​of the coefficient of explanation obtained from regression calculations, the Taylor index showed a good fit with the collected data. The distribution of egg, larval and pupal stages of O. surinamensis and all developmental stages of P. interpunctella and E. kuheniella showed to be uniform. Sequential sampling models fitted at an accuracy level of 0.25 (acceptable in integrated management) for sampling populations of eggs, larvae, pupae and adult insects to an average of 18, 19, 25 and 12 samples for O. surinamensis, 12, 14, 12 and 14 samples for P. interpunctella and 12, 12, 10 and 8 samples for E. kuheniella. The number of samples increased along with the level of accuracy. The use of these models can provide better pest management in date storage warehouses which saves sampling time and costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Contemporary Islamic Studiens Magazine is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Burfi with date paste was prepared by mixing the date paste with khoa as per standard method. Date paste was added at 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% levels to the weight of khoa. Burfi prepared with addition of date paste up to 30% level was best accepted and resembled the control in sensory attributes. Addition of date paste into burfi changed the composition of burfi. The moisture, total solids, ash, lactose, fat, protein and HMF changed significantly however, FFA remained unchanged in final product when compared to control sample. Addition of date paste into burfi significantly increased the acidity and lowered the pH of burfi. The production cost of burfi with date paste was slightly higher than control burfi due to additional cost of date paste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Given the role and importance of processing and complementary industries in preventing waste from agricultural products, the establishment of such industries can be considered as one of the most appropriate solutions for agricultural development. For this purpose, the data were collected for data processing and complementary industries in the fields of packing, pricing, customer orientation, in south of Iran. Method: According to the goals and assumptions, descriptive–analytical research and its survey method is a survey. According to the Cochran formula, 155 people are involved in marketing, packaging and processing of palm in Kerman province. To answer the research questions, SPSS software and AMOS software were used to analyze the results. Findings "Indigenous Knowledge in packing”. Using communication tools in marketing impact of customer-orientation approach are Top Priorities in "marketing Date". The "packaging" factor is the most important factor in the marketing development of date conversion and complementary industries.

The aim of this work was to obtain pure liquid sugars by clarification of date syrup and to evaluate the effect of the substitution of sucrose by liquid sugars on the qualities of the steamed yoghurt. One liter of distilled water at 80-85 °C was added to 200g of date during 2h, homogenized and filtered. The collected date syrup was clarified by bentonite which could result entirely clear liquid sugar. Production of liquid sugar with low levels of turbidity 450.4, viscosity 0.940.02 mPas, pectin 1.100.2%, dry matter 13.560.4%, proteins 0.170.3%, ash 0.160.03% and higher amounts of sugars 83.80.3% was successfully realized. This clarification was performed under same optimized conditions: concentration of bentonite 16.6 g.L-1 and temperature 60 °C for 30 minutes. The inclusion of liquid sugar for manufacture of steamed yoghurts as substitute of sucrose found a good quality and high acceptability for its sensorial characteristics. These results suggest the potential use of liquid sugars for formulation of new food products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]