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Drawing on the case of O Movimento Brasil Livre (The Free Brazil Movement), or MBL, this article interrogates key assumptions about the nature of networked digital activism. The MBL, formed in the early 2010s by a Koch‐funded network of libertarian student groups, utilized a combination of activist training and strategic media engagement to organize a series of mass mobilizations in 2015 against supposed corruption within the Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT) administration under President Dilma Rousseff. Organized through MBL Facebook pages and promoted via YouTube and television appearances by movement leaders, these protests brought millions of Brazilian citizens to the streets in a wave of protests that eventually sparked Dilma's impeachment in May 2016. Deploying the conceptual framework of right‐wing Leninism, this article argues that conservative groups like the MBL are able to construct digital protest movements with revolutionary political ramifications due to their embrace of strategies originally formulated by Lenin, including the training of groups of ideologically coherent and committed cadres and the pursuit of dual power formation where the current political order is ruptured from the inside. Understanding how right‐wing activists mobilize digital media is of paramount importance for both countering their influence and developing strategies for the Left. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building on the controversial charge of Netflix imperialism made in 2019 by Canadian Broadcasting Corporation president Catherine Tait, this piece attempts to develop a theoretical and technical framework for understanding whether the American content provider/streaming service is engaging in 'media imperialism' by rapidly and expansively importing its service into other nations--often to the chagrin of governments and other media companies. Reading a variety of textual sources ranging from trade publications to industry press outlets to popular autobiographies, we will argue that the company is engaged in a hybrid form of media imperialism and platform imperialism through a variety of industrial practices: vertical integration built around a proprietary platform, transnational scaling up of production at a rapid pace, and engaging in corporate practices that systematically disregard accountability and legal regulation. The article ends with examining how national governments and inter-imperialist rivalries might complicate Netflix's ambitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on a qualitative content analysis of roughly 700 articles published on the Breitbart News 'Cartel Chronicles' site between 2015 and 2021, this article analyzes the ways conservative citizen journalism projects strategically mobilize key tropes from international human rights to justify calls for militarization on the US/Mexico Border. Specifically, it details how widely accepted human rights frameworks like freedom of the press and protection of the rights of children are used both as evidence of humanitarian breakdown within Mexico and as a condemnation of the Mexican government. I argue that through its selective and motivated employment of human rights, Breitbart is promoting a form of 'bullshit human rights', defined as the purposefully misleading mobilization of rights claims deracinated from their context and repurposed without consideration for the truth they hold for the individuals who experience them. The suffering documented by 'Cartel Chronicles' serves only as fuel for Breitbart's larger political project of militarizing the US/Mexico Border without consideration of human costs. Paradoxically, bullshit human rights call for an increase in violence in order to protect against human suffering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues against the view that the unusual reflex of ṣād as [st] in Faifi Arabic stems from a metathesized version of the Proto-Semitic glottalized affricate *cʾ ([tsʾ]), as in Alfaifi and Behnstedt (2010: 53-4), where [st] is assumed to pattern as monosegmental. Instead we propose that the [st] reflex of ṣād in Faifi Arabic reflects a South Arabian ejective or glottalized fricative *sʾ as a substrate feature. We first argue that Faifi Arabic [st] patterns as bisegmental based on linguistic argumentation internal to the dialect. We then discuss *s' as a feature of South Arabian varieties that can be considered as part of the Faifi substrate. We then detail how it is phonetically plausible for ejective sʾ to 'break' into a sequence of a fricative followed by a stop, such as [st], accounting for its bisegmental patterning and its realization as pharyngealized [ṣ] where [st] is phonotactically impossible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article draws on the case of La Gordiloca, a Facebook-based journalist from Laredo, TX, to interrogate the increasing role of social media within news-making processes. Applauded by The New York Times as a paragon of twenty-first century journalism and under scrutiny from local businesses and law enforcement for defamation and misuse of official information, she occupies a space between digital journalist and social media celebrity. Combining a content analysis with focus groups of Laredo residents, we argue that her work reflects a constitutive paradox unique to social media journalism: Whereas new technologies expand opportunities for citizens to participate in the process of news production, they also enable the corrosion of norms/practices that oriented previous forms of news production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses incipient /aI/-raising in Fort Wayne, Indiana. Acoustic analysis of word list data from 27 participants targets both typical items (e.g., write, writing) and monomorphemic trochaic words often overlooked in previous research (e.g., Nike, bison, cyber, tiger). It reports four major /aI/ production patterns in the Fort Wayne data, which range on a continuum from no /aI/-raising to phonological raising of /aI/ (i.e., raising before t-flaps, a pattern of Canadian raising referred to as Dialect A). In the middle of the continuum is found the elusive Dialect B, a pattern of Canadian raising first documented by Martin Joos in 1942 in which raising occurs in write but not before t-flaps. The authors find that speakers of this type of raising tend not to raise in any trochaic words. In fact, raising in monomorphemic trochaic words, such as Nike or bison, is exceedingly rare in the Fort Wayne data. In tandem with the variation observed within Fort Wayne, the fact that raising has not yet extended into monomorphemic trochaic words further suggests that raising is incipient in this variety. The authors propose that Dialect B is not a separate dialect at all but an incipient variety of Dialect A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When examining the decline of the leftist Partido dos Trabalhadores and the ascension of the right-wing extremist Jair Bolsanaro of the far-right Partido Liberal Social to the 2018 presidency, political scientists David Samuels and Cesar Zucco have argued that this shift is best understood not through positive characteristics of Bolsonaro's candidacy but through antipetismo ['anti-PT-ism'], an intensely personal resentment of the Partido dos Trabalhadores. We assert that popular right-wing Facebook groups and networks formed around the communication network WhatsApp-fueled antipetismo by channeling anger originating in the 2013 nationwide protests away from a variety of social, political, and issues and toward a villainous depiction of Partido dos Trabalhadores leaders and valorization of anti-Partido dos Trabalhadores activists like Bolsanaro, as well as some focus on his own conservative, nationalist agenda. To interrogate this assertion, we propose two specific lines of research. The first is a qualitative textual analysis of the social media accounts of two of the most active anti-Partido dos Trabalhadores groups: Vem Pra Rua and O Movimento Brasil Livre. Through close reading of the materials distributed on these sites, we will illustrate how they channeled general unrest into a specifically partisan attack. The next line of research and case will be an examination of the role of mainstream news networks (namely TV Record) and WhatsApp by those campaigning for recently elected president Bolsonaro for a continued negative campaign against left candidates, specifically the Partido dos Trabalhadores, using fake news items like the supposed 'gay kit' that was being circulated in schools by the Partido dos Trabalhadores and others on the left to persuade children to become gay. When possible, we will analyze examples of the materials that were circulated that have emerged in the press coverage and will examine the processes that were used to target and persuade people to forward the materials created for the campaign. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Murder in the Multinational State. Crime Fiction from Spain, Stewart King (2019) New York, NY: Routledge, 200 pp., ISBN 978-0-36727-256-2, h/bk, $140.00; ISBN 978-0-36727-256-2, e-Book, $49.95 The Routledge Companion to Iberian Studies, Javier Muñoz-Basols, Laura Lonsdale and Manuel Delgado (eds) (2017) Abingdon and New York: Routledge, 718 pp., ISBN 978-0-41572-283-4, h/bk, £160, 978-1-315-70989-5, e-book Inequality in the Portuguese-Speaking World: Global and Historical Perspectives, Francisco Bethencourt (ed.) (2018) Eastbourne: Sussex Academic Press, 274 pp., ISBN 978-1-84519-846-6, h/bk, £85.00/$99.95 Marcello Caetano and the Portuguese 'New State': A Political Biography, Francisco Carlos Palomanes Martinho (2018) Brighton-Chicago-Toronto: Sussex Academic Press, 300 pp., ISBN 978-1-84519-915-9, h/bk, £65.00/$74.95 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article draws upon music training programmes developed by Afro-Brazilian activists in the city of Salvador, Bahia, as a strategy for connecting training in musical production with computer skills. Though a seemingly incongruous pairing, we argue that for Afro-Brazilian young people learning how to create music helps provide a sense of cultural identity and consciousness that helps them then move into learning about technology. This two-step process creates a sense of “transformative empowerment” where a transformation in individuals’ sense of cultural identity facilitates changes in more professionalised areas addressed through the discourse on information and communications technologies for development (ICT4D). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The twenty-first century 'memory boom' in Spain has resulted in a plethora of narratives in which the Civil War and the early years of Franco's dictatorship feature prominently. Studies of these works have addressed representations of memory and trauma, recognizing how the authors reanimate the past and narrate stories of conflict and loss to a readership distanced from the historical events. This essay explores four texts, identifying the strategies that have shaped their circulation in the current affective economy. Analysis pays particular attention to text, but also explores the image as formative in the reading experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This piece examines the historical construction of a Lusophone cultural-linguistic media space and market that spans portions of Europe, Africa, and South America. Beginning with the Portuguese colonization of Brazil and Lusophone Africa in the 17th century and continuing to the contemporary moment, our discussion examines how a combination of political, ideological, and economic patterns created linkages between Portugal, Brazil, and Portuguese-speaking colonies in Africa (namely Angola, Cape Verde, and Mozambique). After examining how Brazil grew to become the dominant cultural producer in this transnational matrix (most explicitly expressed through the massive exports of telenovelas and music since the late 1970s), we examine how other countries are beginning to carve out distinctive national niches, including the contemporary music scene in Cape Verde and the rise of domestically produced telenovelas in Portugal and Angola that are increasing in circulation in the contemporary transnational Lusophone media space. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Innovative verbs in Japanese are formed from nouns of various sources including loanwords, Sino-Japanese nouns, mimetics, and proper names. Regardless of their different origin, these innovative denominal verbs exhibit a collection of intriguing properties, ranging from phonological, morphological, to semantic and pragmatic. These properties are not strictly predictable from the component parts including the nature of the parent noun and verbal morphology. Such an unpredictable nature is suggestive of a constructional analysis. The form-meaning-function complex takes a templatic representation, which expresses the phonological and morphological characteristics, and associated with it are semantic and pragmatic properties. These phonological, morphological, semantic, and pragmatic properties combine to capture the nature of innovative denominal verbs as a construction. The analysis supports the idea of applying construction grammar to morphology along the lines of the developing field of construction morphology (e.g., Booij, Compounding and derivation: Evidence for construction morphology, John Benjamins, 2005, Construction morphology and the lexicon: 34-44, Cascadilla Press, 2007, Linguistische Berichte 19: 1-14, 2009a, Compounding and construction morphology, Oxford University Press, 2009b). We further show how insights from templatic (or prosodic) morphology (e.g., McCarthy and Prince, Prosodic morphology, University of Massachusetts and Brandeis University, 1986, Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 8: 209-282, 1990) can be conceptualized in terms of construction grammar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on canon, that has been used by literary critics and literary theorists. It states that canon has been a debatable topic in the English literature culture wars. It states that the debate over canon is because of the post-structuralist deconstruction of master narratives, techniques and values previously assumed as standard by literary critics and scholars.

The inability to come to terms with traumatic experiences is felt most acutely by the individual, but is also a social phenomenon, perpetuated by the disjunction of an 'official history' and that experienced locally by the individual. In light of the recuperation of Spanish Civil War histories and the need to address the unspoken past, this article focuses on the recent work of Juan Goytisolo, a writer renowned for blurring the autobiographical, the political and the literary. After brief reference to Goytisolo's earlier work, the essay examines three of his more recent novels, La cuarentena (1991), El sitio de los sitios (1995) and Las semanas del jardín (1997), identifying the personal and communal ties to the traumatic past that are realized in Goytisolo's work and revealing the processes by which Goytisolo consciously and unconsciously evokes his past while engaging his readers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this paper we consider various perspectives on loanword phonology by examining the borrowing into Korean of English words having a word-final /s/. These have been borrowed into Korean with a tense [▪] followed by an epenthetic vowel, as illustrated by the borrowing of English bus as [▪ə▪ɨ]. The realization of English word-final /s/ as [▪] is apparently unexpected given that English [s] and Korean plain (or lax) [s] seem to be quite similar. Moreover, English /s/ when part of a consonant cluster is consistently borrowed as lax [s] in Korean as exemplified by the borrowing of English test as [thesɨthɨ]. Kim (1999) and Kim and Curtis (2002) claim that the borrowing of final /s/ as tense [▪] versus its borrowing in a cluster as lax [s] is a case where subphonemic (nonprimary) acoustic properties in both languages are at issue, and thus are supportive of a perceptual matching approach to loanwords. According to them, the property at issue is consonantal duration. They show that English /s/ in a cluster has a shorter duration than /s/ alone and this correlates with the durational difference between tense [▪] and lax [s] in Korean. Iverson and Lee (2004) agree with this view but take the length distinction between Korean tense and lax consonants to be phonemic rather than subphonemic. Here, we point out certain problematic aspects of the durational view of the borrowing of English /s/, and, then, offer a different account of the borrowing of English final /s/ as tense [▪] by referencing phenomena internal to Korean phonology. While we do not deny the role of subphonemic and perceptual factors in how loanwords are realized, we suggest that a variety of factors, both phonetic and phonological, are involved in determining how a particular sound or sound sequence is realized in borrowing. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: High power electrolytic manganese dioxide (HPEMD), offers distinct performance advantages in alkaline-MnO2 cells compared to the best conventional alkaline EMD materials previously available. Advantages are seen mainly on heavy continuous and heavy pulse drains. No comprehensive model to explain the chemical and structural basis for the improved performance of HPEMD has yet emerged. Hydrothermal electrolytic plating of EMD at 120–125°C has given rise to several exceptional materials including two samples with excellent high power discharge performance. A systematic study of physico-chemical properties of all of the hydrothermally produced materials as well as commercial EMD samples, including HPEMD, has shown that superior high power performance is linked to porosimetry. By employing the needed plating conditions, one can produce a superior HPEMD material having BET area in the range 20–31m2g-1 and simultaneously a micropore area (deBoer “t” method) greater than 8.0m2g-1, all within the context of a typical pore volume of 0.035–0.050cm3g-1 and a calculated meso–macropore radius greater than 32Å (cylindrical pore model). A qualitative model explaining the need for a balance between BET area and micropore area is proposed. A possible explanation regarding the physico-chemical nature of the micropores and their relation to cation vacancies, as supported by stepped potential electrochemical spectroscopy (SPECS) investigations of heat treated EMDs, is given. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article aims to explore ways in which archetypal images of storytelling can be subverted both in the process of writing and reformulating archetypal characters, but also in ways of engaging with these models in the reading process. In the short story 'La casa de Asterión', by the Argentine Jorge Luis Borges, the classical monster known as the Minotaur is re-represented as a sensitive loner whose home, the labyrinth, is as complex a space as the character's mentality, The story ends with the revelation that the first-person narrator is the Minotaur, previously only known by his human name: Asterión. In typical fashion, Borges thus forces his reader to confront the Otherness of the monster as both a distanced human character, and also later, after the revelation, through a traditional perspective. The article therefore explores the objectification of the monster as the abject, drawing on the theories of Julia Kristeva, and the importance of Asterión's mother, the Queen, as a key to his identity. The abjectification of the monster is shown to be connected to his femininity, demonstrating just one way in which Borges twists conventions in both his charactetization and his narrative style. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Languages that have both aspirated stops and the phoneme /h/ often manifest a close parallel in their distribution. Previous work in phonology either has failed to recognize this close parallel or does not formally account for it. For example, American English witnesses a close parallel in the distribution of /h/ and aspirated stops that has largely gone unrecognized in the phonological literature. This paper oers a detailed optimality-theoretic analysis of the distribution of aspirated stops and /h/ for both American English and Korean. For each of these languages we delineate their distribution and show how an optimality-theoretic analysis can account for it. We develop an alignment analysis of their distribution that makes reference to constraints that require positions of prominence (such as word-initial or foot-initial position) to be aligned with the feature [spread glottis]. We further demonstrate how the alignment analysis predicts a typology of patterning of aspirated stops and /h/. Crucially, the typology does not predict that every language should have a close parallel in their distribution like American English, but as we show, it predicts a range of patterns that are instantiated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the movement towards broadening the range of texts studied and the introduction of interdisciplinary Cultural Studies in the university of Spain. Role of the educational institution; Appropriation of the canon debate in Hispanic studies; Discussion on the Hispanic canon by the Modern Languages Association.

Focuses on the promotion and demotion of phonological constraints in the acquisition of Japanese language. Proposition of three phonological constraints; Analysis on misarticulation system; Results of surface free variation.

Explores a novel method for C-allylation of electron-rich aromatics and heteroaromatics catalyzed by molybdenum complexes. Para-selectivity of the anisole and its congeners; Catalysis of the C-C bond-forming allylic substitution; Lewis-acid catalysis; Friedel-Crafts-type catalysts for allylation of aromatics.

The role of syllable weight in Gújjolaay Eegimaa, an Atlantic language spoken in south-western Senegal, is evidenced by reduplicative patterns in the perfective stem, where we witness a difference in the surface representation of verb roots with underlying voiced obstruents from those with underlying voiceless obstruents. We argue that voiced plosives are weight bearing and therefore considered as moraic when in coda position in this language. We attribute the triggering of the gemination in the reduplicative perfective with roots having final voiced plosives to compensatory lengthening in order to make up for the loss of a mora as motivated by Hayes (1989). Gemination, rather than vowel lengthening, occurs because, as stated by de Chene and Anderson (1979) compensatory lengthening of vowels only occurs in a language where vowel length is contrastive. In this paper, we show evidence to support the proposition that there are no long vowels in this variety of Eegimaa, and therefore gemination (which is a contrastive feature in the language) is the repair strategy employed to compensate for the loss of a mora. Through a description of the weight-related processes observed in perfective reduplication in Eegimaa, we will detail the moraic analysis of the various patterns and discuss general phonological implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sprint interval training (SIT) is reported to improve blood glucose control and may be a useful public health tool. The sirtuins and associated genes are emerging as key players in blood glucose control. This study investigated the interplay between the sirtuin/NAD system and individual variation in insulin sensitivity responses after SIT in young healthy individuals. Before and after 4 weeks of SIT, body mass and fat percentage were measured and oral glucose tolerance tests performed in 20 young healthy participants (7 females). Blood gene expression profiles (all 7 mammalian sirtuin genes and 15 enzymes involved in conversion of tryptophan, bioavailable vitamin B3, and metabolic precursors to NAD). NAD/NADP was measured in whole blood. Significant reductions in body weight and body fat post-SIT were associated with altered lipid profiles, NAD/NADP, and regulation of components of the sirtuin/NAD system ( NAMPT, NMNAT1, CD38, and ABCA1). Variable improvements in measured metabolic health parameters were evident and attributed to different responses in males and females, together with marked inter-individual variation in responses of the sirtuin/NAD system to SIT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reviews several books including "Clio and the Crown: The Politics of History in Medieval and Early Modern Spain," by Richard L. Kagan, "The Laughter of the Saints. Parodies of Holiness in Late Medieval and Renaissance Spain," by Ryan D. Giles, and "The Religious Patronage of the Duke of Lerma, 1598-1621," by Lisa A. Banner.

Abstract 1 The use of trap crops to reduce green vegetable bug (GVB) Nezara viridula (L.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) damage to process sweet corn Zea mays (L.) was investigated in three field experiments. 2 In the first season, small plots (2.7 m by 10 m) of white mustard Sinapis alba (L.) with pea Pisum sativum (L.) were sown along a crop border and compared with sweet corn alone. 3 In the second season, black mustard Brassica nigra (L.) was sown at two sowing dates (14 days apart) and compared with a sweet corn control, to examine how the maturity of the trap crop affected numbers of GVB trapped. 4 A field scale experiment was also conducted to determine the effectiveness of black mustard as a trap crop to protect larger areas of sweet corn from GVB. 5 In all three experiments, GVB populations were much higher on the trap crops compared with the sweet corn. 6 In both small plot experiments, GVB were contained largely within the trap crop for 2 weeks until the sweet corn was harvested. 7 The field scale experiment demonstrated the efficacy of the trap cropping technique to protect larger areas of crop from GVB. 8 Percentages of damaged sweet corn cobs in the outside row of fields protected by a trap crop were 0% and 1%, respectively, compared with 11% and 22% in control fields. 9 Trap cropping is recommended as an effective strategy to manage this insect. Options for cultivating or spraying the trap crops to reduce bug survival are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]