Search

Kada se založno pravo osniva upisom u određeni javni upisnik (registar) radi se o registarskom založnom pravu – hipoteci. U suvremenim stvarnopravnim sustavima osiguranja važno mjesto zauzima založnopravno osiguranje koje omogućuje vjerovniku da se po dospijeću tražbine, ako ne bude namirena, namiri iz vrijednosti stvari koja je založena, i to bez obzira da li je stvar u času namirenja u vlasništvu založnog dužnika ili nije. U tom smislu, posebno je značajno uređenje založnopravnog osiguranja na stvarima koje su iz socijalnih, političkih i sigurnosnih razloga ograničene u prometu. Tako je za oružje, posebnim propisom, određen režim pravnog prometa koji karakteriziraju različite restrikcije, odobrenja i evidencije posjedovanja i vlasništva. Posjedovanje oružja, u Republici Hrvatskoj, uređuje Zakon o nabavi i posjedovanju oružja građana. Međutim, pretpostavke, učinke i postupak upisa registarskog založnog prava na oružju uređuje Zakon o Upisniku sudskih i javnobilježničkih osiguranja tražbina na pokretnim stvarima i pravima. U tom smislu, postoje različiti registri u koje se upisuju različita stvarna prava na oružju, a koji se vode kod različitih državnih tijela. U radu se analizira stvarnopravni značaj (deklaratorni i konstitutivni) upisa oružja u različite registre, postupak i pravne posljedice upisa. Ističu se otvorena pitanja osnivanja i prenošenja založnog prava, namirenja založnog vjerovnika, prava na posjed i uporabu oružja kao zaloga. Analizira se adekvatnost postojećih vrsta upisa u Upisnik sudskih i javnobilježničkih osiguranja tražbina na pokretnim stvarima i pravima. Rad pokušava dati smjernice za eventualnu regulaciju ovih pitanja de lege ferenda koja bi zadovoljila opće, političkopravne, ali i privatnopravne interese nositelja stvarnopravnih ovlaštenja na oružju., When a lien is established by entry in a specific public register (registry), it is a registered lien – a mortgage. According to the method of establishment, the right of lien, which is established by entry in the public register (registry), is called a mortgage. In modern real law insurance systems, an important place is occupied by lien law insurance, which allows the creditor, upon maturity of the claim, if it is not settled, to be settled from the value of the pledged thing, regardless of whether the thing at the time of settlement is owned by the pledge debtor or not. In this sense, the arrangement of lien insurance on things that are restricted in circulation for social, political and security reasons is particularly important. Thus, for weapons, a special regulation has determined the regime of legal circulation characterized by various restrictions, approvals and records of possession and ownership. Possession of weapons in the Republic of Croatia is governed by the Act on the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons by Citizens. However, the assumptions, effects and procedure for registration of a registered lien on weapons as movable property are governed by the Act on the Register of Court and Public Notary Security of Claims on Movable Property and Rights. In this regard, there are various registers in which different actual rights to weapons are registered, and which are kept by different state bodies. The paper analyses the actual legal significance (declaratory and constitutive) of the registration of weapons in various registers, the procedure and legal consequences of the registration. Open issues of establishment and transfer of lien rights, satisfaction of the lien creditor, right to possession and use of weapons as pledge are highlighted. The adequacy of the existing types of entries in the Register of Court and Public-Notary Security of Claims on Movable Property and Rights is analysed. The paper offers to provide guidelines and possible solutions for the regulation of these issues de lege ferenda that would meet the general, political and legal interests, as well as interests in private law of real rights holders on weapons.

Robots in medicine, unlike industrial automation, can be viewed as an extension or enhancement of human capabilities. The legitimacy of robotics in the health care system stems from the fact that its use increases the efficiency of the treatment process and improves the health of an individual. On the other hand, involving robots in the medical procedures brings a high degree of risk and liability for damage. Legal doubts that arising in regard of the use of robots in medicine are related to civil liability for damage caused to the patient during the medical procedure. In that context, it is necessary to determine the model of indemnity liability that applies to damages due to the action of robots in a medical procedure. Which system shall be applied: the system of subjective liability based on fault (guilt), or the system of objective liability without determining the injurer's fault? This issue is gaining in importance given the degree of autonomy of robots in performing medical procedures. The paper will emphasize the need for legislative intervention in the Croatian legal system in order to adapt to the growing use of robots in medicine. The paper will summarize the results of the analysis on these issues and offer possible solutions in court practice and legal dogmatics.

U ovom radu istražit će se mogućnosti pravnih raspolaganja u korist životinje za slučaj smrti. Ovakve tendencije javljaju se u suvremenim pravnim porecima i pitanje je trenutka kada će doći do potrebe njihove pravne regulacije i u hrvatskom nasljednom pravu. Analizirani su instituti nasljednog prava de lege lata koji mogu predstavljati mehanizam raspolaganja imovinom u korist životinje za slučaj ostaviteljeve smrti. Predlaže se intervencija zakonodavca u Zakon o nasljeđivanju i Zakon o zakladama koja bi omogućila formiranje oporučne zaklade u korist ljudskog korisnika dok bi upravitelj zaklade vršio dodjelu sredstava korisniku za pokriće troškova koje korisnik zaklade ima za skrb nad životinjom., This paper researches into the possibilities of testamentary dispositions on behalf of animals in the case of death. There are certain tendencies regarding these issues in contemporary legal systems and it is only the question of time when the need for their legal regulation in Croatian inheritance law will arise. The institutes of inheritance law de lege lata have been analyzed, which may represent a mechanism for disposing of property in favour of an animal in the case of death of a testator. It points to the need for legal intervention in the Law on Succession and the Law on Foundations that would enable the establishment of a testamentary foundation in favour of a human beneficiary while the fund manager would allocate funds to the beneficiary to cover the costs that the beneficiary has in order to care for the animal.

In legal theory and jurisprudence, in the Republic of Croatia, the prevailing view is that compensation for damages in healthcare should be judged on the fault liability. In relation to the damages caused by dangerous things or hazardous activity in medicine, the tendency to apply strict liability is the most intense. In this regard, the decision of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Croatia is of particular importance for changing the practice of regular courts when it comes to liability for damage caused by dangerous substance or hazardous activity. In the world, first of all, Scandinavian countries, New Zealand and the United States began to apply the principle of compensation for harm to patients called "no fault - no guilt" or "no fault compensation scheme" model. It is about administrative procedure, not civil lawsuit. All no-fault systems have register of a medical errors in order to avoid similar situations in the future. These models achieve high transparency of the health system and aim for a fast and fair financial compensation without long-standing court proceedings and high costs.

U ovom radu autori se bave analitičkim i kritičkim aspektima teorijske i pragmatične koncepcije suvlasništva. U radu razmatraju načela uređenja suvlasništva u teoriji građanskog prava u Hrvatskoj i analiziraju pojedinačne slučajeve tekuće sudske prakse koji predstavljaju najčešće nedoumice kad je riječ o primjeni instituta suvlasništva. Daje se prikaz problematike stjecanja (su)vlasništva na temelju obnove obiteljskih kuća oštećenih u Domovinskom ratu. Ukazuje se i na posljedice određenih zakonskih ograničenja izvršavanja prava (su)vlasništva u sudskoj praksi. Kritičkom analizom autori pokušavaju dati smjernice i moguća rješenja spornih pitanja te predlažu i potrebne zakonske intervencije i de lege ferenda rješenja u našem pravnom sustavu. Ovo je potrebno radi ostvarenja pravne sigurnosti, jednakog tumačenja i jedinstvene primjene zakona te ujednačavanja sudske prakse. Ako bi se pojedini sporni segmenti uspjeli klarificirati, sudska praksa bila bi, što se tiče suvlasničkih sporova, ujednačenija, jasnija te bi, naposljetku, na najbolji mogući način, omogućavala sudionicima istih sporova ostvarenje svojih subjektivnih prava., The paper deals with analytic and critical aspects of theoretical and pragmatical concept of co-ownership. The principles of arranging co-ownership in the theory of the Croatian civil law is elaborated and particular cases in contemporary court practice representing the most frequent dilemmas when it comes to the implementation of co-ownership institute are analyzed. The issue of acquiring (co)ownership on the grounds of the reconstruction of family houses that were damaged in the time of Homeland War has been reviewed. The consequences of certain legislative limitations to exercising the right of co-ownership in court practice have been pointed out. The critical analysis aims at defining the guidelines and possible solutions to disputable issues by suggesting at the same time the necessary legal interventions and de lege ferenda solutions in Croatian legal system. Equal interpretation, uniform implementation and unification of court practice are necessary for the purpose of legal certainty. Clarifying certain segments can contribute to more homogenous, clearer court practice concerning co-ownership disputes, which will finally enable parties to similar disputes to exercising their subjective rights in the best possible way., In dieser Arbeit befassen sich die Autoren mit analytischen und kritischen Aspekten der theoretischen und pragmatischen Konzeption des Miteigentums. Die Grundsätze der Regelung von Miteigentum in der Theorie des Bürgerlichen Rechts in Kroatien werden erörtert und einzelne Fälle der gegenwärtigen Gerichtspraxis analysiert, die die häufigsten Zweifelfälle im Sinne der Anwendung vom Institut des Miteigentums darstellen. Die Problematik des Erwerbs von (Mit)Eigentum auf Grund der Wiedererrichtung der im Heimatskrieg beschädigten Familienhäuser wird besonders erörtet. Es wird auch auf die Folgen bestimmter gesetzlichen Einschränkungen der Vollziehung von (Mit)Eigentumsrechten in der Gerichtspraxis hingewiesen. Durch ihren kritischen Ansatz und Analyse versuchen die Autoren, die Richtilinien für die Lösung und mögliche Lösungen von strittigen Fällen zu geben. Sie schlagen auch nötige gesetzliche Eingriffe und die de lege ferenda-Lösungen in unserem Rechtssystem vor. Dies ist notwendig zum Zweck der Rechtssicherheit, der gleichen Auslegung der Gesetze, der einheitlichen Anwendung von Gesetzen und der Vereinheitlichung der Gerichtspraxis. Im Falle, dass es gelingen würde, einige strittige Segmente zu klären, würde die Gerichtspraxis, mindestens was die Miteigentumstreitigkeiten betrifft, einheitlicher und klarer werden, und könnte auf eine optimale Weise den Beteiligten an jenen Streitigkeiten die Wahrnehmung ihrer subjektiven Rechte ermöglichen.

Ovaj rad analizira usklađenost obrazaca suglasnosti kojima se prihvaća preporučeni dijagnostički odnosno terapeutski postupak Kliničkog bolničkog centra Osijek s odredbama Zakona o pravima pacijenata i Pravilnika o obrascu suglasnosti te obrascu izjave o odbijanju pojedinog dijagnostičkog, odnosno terapijskog postupka. Uočen je čitav niz nedostataka u obrascima (pitanje opsega obavijesti, alternativama za preporučeni postupak, rizicima povezanim sa zahvatom, terminološka neujednačenost) ali su i predložene izmjene u cilju njihovog poboljšanja. U radu su prikazani obrasci suglasnosti na medicinski tretman u izabranim pravnim i zdravstvenim sustavima kako bi se ukazalo na ostvarivanje prihvaćenog standarda adekvatnog informiranja u praksi. Također, daje se i pregled otvorenih pitanja koja se danas javljaju na teorijskoj i praktičnoj razini, a o kojima bi zakonodavac morao voditi računa prilikom uređenja instituta obaviještenog pristanka., The paper analyses the adjustment of consent forms by which a recommended i.e. therapeutical procedure of the Clinical hospital in Osijek is agreed to and harmonized with the provisions of the Law of patients’ rights and the Informed consent form and refusal of a particular diagnostic ie. therapeutical procedure regulations. Many defects in forms have been observed ( a notice scope issue, alternatives for recommended procedure, risks to be taken into account concerning the operation, inconsistency in terminology) and thus some alternations have been suggested to improve it. The paper deals with consent forms to a medical treatment in diverse legal and health systems with an aim to establish an acceptable standard of adequate informing in practice. Furthermore, a review has been made of issues of theoretical and practical nature that legislator should take into account when establishing the institute of informed consent., In dieser Arbeit wird die übereinstimmung der in Zustimmungsformularen, durch welche die vorgeschlagene diagnostische bzw. therapeutische Behandlung im Krankenhauszentrum Osijek von Patienten angenommen wird mit Bestimmungen des Patientenrechtegesetzes, der Vorschriften über Zustimmungsformular und der Erklärung über die Ablehnung bestimmter diagnostischer bzw. therapeutischer Behandlung. In Formularen wurden zahlreiche Mängel entdeckt, insbesondere in Bezug auf die Fragen des Umfangs der Information, der Alternativen bezüglich der vorgeschlagenen Behandlung, der mit der Behandlung verbundenen Risikos, der terminologischen Unausgeglichenheit, usw. Es werden aber auch die Abänderungen zum Zweck deren Verbesserung vorgeschlagen. Weiter in der Arbeit werden die Zustimmungsformulare der anderen ausgewählten Rechts- und Krankenschutzsysteme dargestellt, um auf die Wahrnehmung der in der Praxis geltenden Normen der informierten Zustimmung der Patienten hinzuweisen. Darüber hinaus wird ein überblick über die offenen Fragen auf der theoretischen und praktischen Ebene dargeboten, welche der Gesetzgeber in der Regelung der informierten Zustimmung in Betracht ziehen sollte.

Uvidom u postupke koji su se, temeljem prijedloga radi utvrđivanja korisne vrijednosti stanova, vodili pred Općinskim i Županijskim sudom u Osijeku, te postupke uspostavljanja posebnih dijelova nekretnine kroz izradu diobnih planova, kao i postupke izrade etažnog elaborata uočena je velika različitost i neujednačenost u pristupu izradi elaborata etažiranja i utvrđivanju korisnih površina. Rad analizira sudske odluke o određivanju korisne površine i ukazuje na probleme koji se u praksi javljaju vezano uz uspostavu etažnog vlasništva na temelju odgovarajućeg suvlasničkog dijela nekretnine. Predlaže se donošenje podzakonskog propisa koji bi detaljno uredio postupak izrade etažnog elaborata, odnosno, izračuna korisnih vrijednosti pojedinih posebnih dijelova nekretnine i korisne vrijednosti svih stanova i ostalih samostalnih prostorija cijele nekretnine. Ovo je potrebno radi jednakog tumačenja i primjene pravila o etažiranju svih sudionika u postupku kao i ostvarenja pravne sigurnosti, jedinstvene primjene zakona i ujednačavanja sudske prakse. Analizira se i uređenje etažnog vlasništva u Republici Sloveniji kao mogući pristup rješenjima u našem pravnom sustavu. Zaključno, utvrđuje se da postoji potreba za stručnim usavršavanjem sudaca, sudskih savjetnika, sudskih vještaka, upravnih službenika s multidisciplinarnim pristupom problemu postupka etažiranja, zasnovanom na analizama drugih znanstvenih disciplina, poglavito građevine i ekonomije., The survey of the Osijek District and County Courts procedures related to the motion to determine the usable values of flats and into procedures of establishing separate parts of real property by the means of apportioning plans as well as the tenant ownership study procedures resulted in different and inconsistent approaches in the process of creation of the study and establishing the usable surface area. The paper deals with the analysis of judicial decisions on determining usable surface and indicates the problems emerging in practice while establishing the tenant ownership based on proportional co-ownership share of the real property. It also gives suggestions to passing a by-law on the procedure of tenant ownership study creation i.e. calculation of usable values of particular real property shares and usable values of all flats and other independent premises of the entire real property. Its goals are equal interpretation and application of tenant ownership by all parties to the procedure as well as legal security, uniform application of law and harmonisation of judicial practice. As a possible approach to the solutions in Croatian legal system the paper also analyses the regulation of tenant ownership in the Republic of Slovenia. In conclusion, it establishes the need for professional training of judges, court counsellors, court appointed expert witnesses, civil servants through application of a multidisciplinary approach to the issue of tenant ownership procedure based on other scientific disciplines e.g. civil engineering and economics.