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Combining cooling and antisolvent modes of crystallization is advantageous as it may significantly improve the process performance.

This study aims to develop a methodology for the selection of sustainable building materials for the reduction of embodied and operational energy for a complex infrastructure transportation project, i.e., elevated metro rail station of Ahmedabad, India by application of building information modelling (BIM) and factor comparison method (FCM). Evaluation of the alternative building materials and designs to obtain the best energy efficiency has been carried out using Revit Architecture 2018 and Green Building Studio. The achieved average embodied energy savings is about 73%, which is by the suggested alternative materials instead of existing ones. By application of FCM, which is a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) technique, it has been observed that the polished Kota-stone flooring, stone-floor tile cladding, toughened fibre-glass ceiling and insulated fibre-glass door appear to be the most feasible sustainable material for flooring, wall cladding, ceiling, openings and fenestrations for the design of the metro rail station box in Ahmedabad, India. This study contributes significant knowledge in the field by highlighting the application of BIM as a tool for sustainable development and recommends a few alternate building materials and sustainable designs which would result in the reduction of energy usage for the metro-rail-station and other building structures leading to a sustainable future.

This paper aims at the application of Life-Cycle-Costing (LCC) analysis of sustainable renewable energy like solar photo voltaic generation system in India to find out its viability and techno-econ...

Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) are widely adopted by the Architecture Engineering and Construction industry because of its distinguished benefits to the complex infrastructure projects throughout the project life cycle. This paper aims at evaluating Key Performance Indicators (KPI) of Integrated Project Delivery and Building Information Modeling for an infrastructure project like a metro-rail construction project in Ahmedabad, a city in western India, through decision-making tools like Factor Comparison Method (FCM) and fuzzy Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL). After an extensive literature review and experts’ opinions, a list of 24 Key Performance Indicators were generated. FCM and fuzzy DEMATEL were applied for prioritizing and evaluating the identified KPIs and disclosing their interrelationships based on influential weight. The findings revealed that 16 most critical key performance indicators are vital for BIM and IPD adoption in highly complex infrastructure projects with visualizing their interrelationship by causal diagram showing cause-and-effects groups. The results showed the four most influential and critical KPIs as accessibility and accuracy of information by BIM, facilitating access to real-time data, interoperability and compatibility of data, minimizing claims and disputes which should be given more consideration for enhanced performance and successful completion of the complex infrastructure projects in the future.

Sustainable transport is the need for an emerging economic nation like India. This paper aims at carrying out a socio-economic feasibility study for development of a sustainable Public Private Part...

BACKGROUND A road traffic accident (RTA) is any injury due to crashes originating from, terminating with or involving a vehicle partially or fully on a public road. Increased mechanisation and improved socio-economic condition of the people in developing countries like India leads to increased use of motor vehicles, disproportionate to the increase in the number of roads. We wanted to assess the socio-demographic profile of road traffic accident victims and study the antecedent factors influencing the road traffic accidents. METHODS This is an institution based descriptive, cross-sectional study, conducted among 114 patients. RESULTS Maximum numbers of the victims, 33.32 % (N = 38) were in the age group of 21-30 years followed by 26.31 % (N =30) in the age group of up to 20 years, mean age of the victims was 29.53 ± 13.85. Majority of the victims, 70.05 % (N = 80) were on motorcycles, and 26.32 % (N =30) of the victims were alcoholic at the time of accident. Majority of the victims, 92.86 % (78 out of 84), among the motor-cycle riders, four-wheeler drivers, and front seat passengers had not used any safety measures at the time of accident. CONCLUSIONS Road traffic accidents emerged as the major epidemic of non-communicable disease, holding a major share of mortality and morbidity data all over the world, majorly among the young productive portion of the population. It was evident from the study that the majority of victims were young adults, from lower socioeconomic background, and rural residents. So, lack of proper information and consciousness regarding road safety rules and measures are definitely the important aetiology behind this epidemic. Almost two third of the cases were among the bikers in the present study, which is pointing out the need of focusing on the road safety rules related to bikers by the road traffic authority. KEYWORDS Alcoholic Intoxication, Motor Vehicle, Road Traffic Accidents, Tertiary Care Centre

Sustainable public transport systems may be achieved by adopting electric bus locomotion. The problem being addressed by this research is the development and case application of a computation methodology of the social benefit cost ratio of an electric bus transport project in India and identification of whether it can significantly favour the situation of environment friendly transport. The underlying theory behind this approach is if the environmental and social dimensions of an infrastructure project are considered in addition to the financial dimensions for the purpose of project appraisal, a holistic evaluation can be achieved and such an evaluation can give an edge to the approval of environmentally friendly projects. The evaluation has been performed using the present worth analysis of various types of benefits and costs associated with the implementation of the electric bus rapid transit system in a city. The variables considered in the researched methodology are benefits which are revenue, savings in vehicle operating costs (VOC), environmental benefits, savings in travel time, reduction in accidents and non-consumption of fossil fuel, and costs which are infrastructure investment costs, cost of the bus fleet, maintenance cost, replacement costs, cost of system operation and maintenance and additional electric power generation. The outcome as indicated by the value of the social benefit-cost ratio (SBCR) illustrates that such projects can be positively justified from point of view of the benefits gained by the society as well as fruitful returns and value addition of infrastructure investment in the long run. The research contributes by validating that social benefit-cost analysis (SBCA) can be used for the evaluation of sustainable transport system appraisals in order to make their realisation more favourable.

Renewable energy sector projects like development and implementation of solar power plants are given preference and boost in India to meet the target for generation of green and clean energy. Like ...

The use of multidimensional population balance equations in predicting ultrasound assisted sonocrystalization processes are curbed due to the unavailability of physically motivated macroscopic math...

This paper aims at analysing the utilisation of biodiesel for the case of bus rapid transit system (BRTS) in Ahmedabad, India, through the social benefit cost analysis (SBCA) and life cycle cost an...

This paper aims at developing an integrated cloud-based internet of things (IoT) platform for asset management of elevated metro rail project. This platform will provide information about the vario...

Public Private Partnership (PPP) models for highway projects in India face huge uncertainties throughout all phases of the project. This paper aims to identify and evaluate the different success an...

Oleaginous yeasts have emerged as a much favored feedstock for sustainable production of biomass, lipids and biodiesel because of their higher growth rates, greater lipid contents and ease of cultivation as compared to plants or microalgae. In this study, the Plackett–Burman design was first implemented for screening the critical nutrients and then an artificial neural network modelling coupled with genetic algorithm (ANN-GA) technique was employed for enhancing the lipid content in Meyerozyma caribbica (earlier reported as Pichia guilliermondii) with greater biomass yield. Plackett–Burman screening experiments indicated that glycerol, ammonium chloride, magnesium sulphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate were the most influential media components, whose concentrations were subsequently optimized by applying the ANN-GA technique. The optimized media, while doubling the biomass concentration, resulted in an enhanced lipid yield of 0.49 ± 0.02 g g−1, which is approximately 2.5 fold the initial starting value as obtained in a 3.7 L fermenter. Based on gas chromatographic analysis of a fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profile, the ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids was found to be 44.5 : 55.9, which is considered as most favorable combination for biodiesel applications. The biodiesel properties also conformed to the ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 specifications, thereby making it a marketable clean and green biodiesel product. Thus, the present study showcases successful implication of an advanced media optimization strategy for multi-fold enhancement of biomass and lipid yields for sustainable production of biodiesel as a renewable fuel using Meyerozyma caribbica.

This paper aims to identify the key performance indicators (KPIs) governing the usage of building information modelling (BIM) and enterprise resource planning (ERP) for monitoring and digitally managing a construction project in Ahmedabad, a mega city in India. The workflow of BIM-ERP module has been integrated with Internet of Things (IoT) platform to carry out real-time monitoring of the construction project. The methodology adopted for this research is a questionnaire-based primary data research where the data pertaining to the development of the BIM-ERP-IoT module has been collected from a construction site located at Ahmedabad, India. The questionnaire was developed to evaluate the importance of the identified KPIs through the responses obtained from the respondents of the questionnaire survey. Factor analysis was then applied to the identified KPIs for extraction of significant KPIs. The extracted KPIs were then inducted in the workflow of the BIM-ERP-IoT module to develop an integrated module for effective and efficient management of construction project under study. The proposed integrated BIM-ERP-IoT module is a unique attempt for real-time monitoring, asset management, inventory management and enhanced enterprise revenue management for the construction project.

Sustainable transport is the need for an emerging economic nation like India. This paper aims at carrying out a socioeconomic feasibility study for development of a sustainable public–private partnership (PPP) model for a megacity like Ahmedabad in India. The proposed model would operate on solar and electric modes. The charging of the batteries can be done with the solar panels installed at some designated bus stops. The primary sustainability components considered for the proposed PPP model include environmental, social, economic, system effectiveness and stakeholders perception. The total proposed network has a corridor of 486.7 km. The proposed model would need a soft loan of INR 55,000 million (USD 733.33 million) at 3% interest to be paid in five ten-yearly installments of INR 49,670 million (USD 662.26 million), investment of INR 75,000 million (USD 1000 million) at 8% interest in form of tax-free green bonds that can be liquidated every 5 years and annual profit of INR 2000 million (USD 26.67 million) to the private operators. Such a model is expected to generate an internal rate of return of 15.25%.

Pyrazinamide, an important first line drug for the treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, has different polymorphic forms among which the plate like metastable δ-polymorphic form is desirable for ease of downstream processing. Pyrazinamide has reasonably good solubility in acetone, 1,4-dioxane and methanol; but very low solubility in toluene and cyclohexane. Also, the δ-polymorphic form of pyrazinamide can be obtained by antisolvent crystallization using any of these five solvent-antisolvent pairs. In this work, the solubility of pyrazinamide in acetone-toluene, acetone-cyclohexane, 1,4-dioxane-toluene, 1,4-dioxane-cyclohexane and methanol-toluene mixtures is measured by gravimetric method within the temperature range of 283.15 K to 333.15 K over antisolvent composition upto 70 wt%. The solubility of pyrazinamide increases with increase in temperature for all systems at constant antisolvent (toluene and cyclohexane) composition and decreases with increase in antisolvent composition for the given temperature range for all systems except methanol-toluene system. The solubility of pyrazinamide in methanol-toluene system increases with increase in toluene composition upto 40 wt% and then decreases with increase in toluene composition. Three thermodynamic models namely UNIQUAC, NRTL, and Wilson are used to correlate the solubility of pyrazinamide in above solvent-antisolvent mixtures. A nonlinear optimization technique was used to determine the adjustable parameters of various models. The accuracy of the model correlation has been evaluated on the basis of relative average deviation, root mean square deviation and Akaike Information Criterion. All the models represented the experimental solubility data with good accuracy, the maximum root mean square deviation being 5.21. The dissolution enthalpy and dissolution entropy of pyrazinamide in above solution mixtures were calculated from the slope and intercept of van't Hoff equation which shows that solvation of pyrazinamide in these mixed solvents is endothermic and enthalpy-driven.

A series of sonofragmentation experiments were performed by varying the sonication time and ultrasonic amplitude in order to investigate and simulate the two-dimensional ultrasound-assisted breakage of δ -form of pyrazinamide crystals using Monte Carlo (MC) method. An event driven constant number MC algorithm is presented to predict the evolution of two-dimensional size distribution of the product crystals. The MC simulations were performed by considering the breakage across the width of the particles and restricting the randomness of the break up point to a particular region along the length axis. The results obtained are in excellent agreement with the experimental observations. The proposed MC method reproduces both mode and span of the experimental size distribution with remarkable accuracy for all the cases. Further, it has only one tuning parameter depending on the ultrasonic amplitude. A graphical correlation has been obtained for selection of this tuning parameter for a given ultrasonic amplitude. Thus the proposed MC approach can be used to obtain quantitative view about the effect of sonofragmentation of two-dimensional plate-like crystals.

This paper is an attempt to develop a delivery schedule model with real time data for a commercial ready mixed concrete (RMC) plant in Ahmedabad city of Gujarat, India. Without a proper delivery sc...

This paper is an attempt to develop and compare the risk indices developed by various methods of project risk analysis like modified expected value method, fuzzy expected value method and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process for an elevated metro rail corridor construction project in Bangalore, India. Risk management is increasingly a critical success factor for major infrastructure projects. It helps to identify, analyse, mitigate and control the risks associated with project cost, schedule and scope. Infrastructure projects are usually faced by different types of risks associated with different types of activities which finally lead to cost and time overrun. The main purpose of this work was to identify the risks and uncertainties associated with major activities of an infrastructure project like elevated metro rail corridor project and then analyse for risk severity and risk index through three different methods. It has been observed that fuzzy expected value method is more sensitive than the other two methods, and the computed values of risk indices predict risk severities which can be ranked according to criticality for almost all the identified activities. Thus, project authorities can easily take necessary mitigation measures to reduce the risk severities. Also, fuzzy expected value method gives good results for both small and large number of activities, whilst modified expected value method works well for up to 25 activities and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process works well for up to 20 activities.

Mass rapid transit system projects like elevated corridor metro rail construction involves activities like segment casting, segment transportation and segment erection that are extremely risky in n...

Introduction:The Mediastinum is the central part of thorax where various organs are located which gives rise to various neoplastic and non- neoplastic lesions.Accurate diagnosis is important to formulate proper therapeutic strategy and predict prognosis. Studies are very few in this part of the country. Objective: To analyse presentation of patients with Meditastinal Mass and to classify according to the location of mass. Also, to document Malignant versus Non-malignant nature oflesions. Methods: Total 33 patients with mediastinal masses diagnosed by Imagingand Histopathological study were taken up consecutively in the study during one year of study. Results: of the 33 cases, 21 were male (63.6%) and 12 were female (36.4%), Male; female ratio being 1.8: 1. Age ranged from 14 years to 72 years maximum of 8 Patients (24.2%) in the 12-20 years of age group. 57% of the masses were malignant and 43% were benign. Most common lesion was Lymphoma in 10 cases (30.3%) followed by8 cases of Thymic tumours (24.2%). Metastatic Carcinoma was found in 6 patients (18.2%) followed by 3 patients of Germ cell tumours.One case each of Neurofibroma, Neurolipoma and 6 are of different less common category. Compartment wise, 9 cases (27.3%) were in Anterior Compartment, 1 (3%) case in Post Compartment, 3 case in superior mediastinum, 6 case in Middle mediastinum. Maximum cases, 14(42.5%) were occupying Multiple Compartments. Most common symptom was cough (72%). Pleural and Pericardial effusions were common complication of malignant lesions contributing 7 out of 19(36%) and 3 out of 19(17%) respectively. Conclusion: Mediastinal masses creates a diagnostic dilemma to the clinician. Uncommon cause of common symptoms like cough and common presentation of pleural or pericardial effusion may have Mediastinal mass behind the screen.

This article aims at developing an enhanced critical chain project management (CCPM) framework for effective implementation of projects related to construction. CCPM is the method for construction ...

This paper is an attempt to compute social benefit cost analysis (SBCA) for the proposed electric bus rapid transit system (e-BRTS) in Ahmedabad. Governments and urban local bodies in many countries including India are exploring the possibility of adoption of electric bus mobility with a view to promote green modes of transport. Electric bus rapid transit system is being envisaged for Ahmedabad and partial funding has recently been sanctioned by the Government of India for the purpose. This research focusses on the social benefit cost analysis of e-BRTS for the specific scale and context proposed for the city. Various components of benefits and costs to road users and agency have been identified and quantified. The present worth of these components has been calculated, which reveal a benefit cost ratio greater than unity for the case. The authors conclude that the electric BRTS has substantial societal benefits and may be viewed as a fruitful investment for the city. The implications of this study lies in communicating to the concerned government authorities and policy makers that e-BRTS is socio economically feasible and thereby need to be promoted by Government of India for meeting the goals of sustainable development.

Fuzzy Factor Comparison Method is a paired comparison-based Multi-Criteria Decision-Making method which can be effectively applied for selection of the best feasible alternative among a set of available alternatives. This paper aims at developing a methodology by application of fuzzy Factor Comparison Method for selection of most feasible, sustainable material for the design of floor, ceiling, walls, cladding, openings and fenestrations for an infrastructure transportation facility like metro rail station box of Ahmedabad, India. Results of fuzzy Factor Comparison Method reveal that polished Kota stone tiles, toughened fibreglass ceiling, Kota stone wall tiles and insulated fibreglass door appear to be the most feasible sustainable materials. Evaluation of the alternative building materials and design strategies was carried out through Building Information Modelling, and the observed results show 73% of average embodied energy savings achieved by the suggested alternative materials instead of the existing ones. Furthermore, this study also proposes a framework for real-time automated Building Information Modelling-enabled energy management system for the elevated metro rail station by the Internet of Things sensors. It has been observed that more than 25% of the operational cooling load can be reduced by the proposed integrated Building Information Modelling-Internet of Things framework. This novel approach plays a key role in the sustainable future of infrastructure projects.

In 2016, A. Winter et al.(Physical Review Letters 116 (12) (2016) 120404) provided an operational meaning to relative entropy of coherence and coherence of formation by introducing coherence distillation and dilation protocol in asymptotic setup. Though relative entropy of coherence introduced in 2014 by T. Baumgratz ( Physical Review Letters 113 (14) (2014) 140401) as a coherence measure but it's operational meaning in single copy setup was unknown so far. Here we have provided relative entropy of coherence (via IO (Incoherent Operations)) and coherence of formation (via IO) and quantum incoherent relative entropy (via LQICC(Local Quantum Incoherent Operations with Classical Communications)) a clear operational significance in single copy setup using the concept of catalyst. We have proved an existential correspondence between asymptotic and catalytic state transformation using IO, LICC(Local Incoherent Operations with Classical Communications) and LQICC. We have also discussed two very important protocols, assisted distillation and quantum incoherent state merging, in single copy setup using catalyst. Monotone property of relative entropy of coherence, coherence of formation and quantum incoherent relative entropy under the catalytic transformation are also discussed here., Comment: 8 pages, revtex, comments welcome

Recently, a new class of monogamy relations (actually, exponentially many) was provided by Christopher Eltschka et al. in terms of squared concurrence. Their approach is restricted to the distribution of bipartite entanglement shared between different subsystems of a global state. We have critically analysed those monogamy relations in three as well as in four-qubit pure states using squared negativity. We have been able to prove that in the case of pure three-qubit states those relations are always true in terms of squared negativity. However, if we consider the pure four-qubit states, the results are not always true. Rather, we find opposite behaviour in some particular classes of four-qubit pure states where some of the monogamy relations are violated. We have provided analytical and numerical evidences in support of our claim.

Source independent quantum networks are considered as a natural generalization to the Bell scenario where we investigate the nonlocal properties of quantum states distributed and measured in a network. Considering the simplest network of entanglement swapping, recently Gisin et. al. and Andreoli et. al. independently provided a systematic characterization of the set of quantum states leading to violation of the so-called 'bilocality' inequality. In this work, we consider the complexities in the quantum networks with an arbitrary number of parties distributed in chain-shaped and star-shaped networks. We derive the maximal violation of the 'n-local' inequality that can be achieved by arbitrary two-qubit states for such chain and star-shaped networks. This would further provide us deeper understanding of quantum correlations in complex structures., Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, revtex, comments welcome

Experimental demonstration of entanglement needs to have a precise control of experimentalist over the system on which the measurements are performed as prescribed by an appropriate entanglement witness. To avoid such trust problem, recently, device-independent entanglement witnesses (DIEWs) for genuine tripartite entanglement have been proposed where witnesses are capable of testing genuine entanglement without precise description of Hilbert space dimension and measured operators i.e. apparatus are treated as black boxes. Here, we design a protocol for enhancing the possibility of identifying genuine tripartite entanglement in a device independent manner. We consider three mixed tripartite quantum states none of whose genuine entanglement can be detected by applying certain DIEWs, but their genuine tripartite entanglement can be detected by applying the same when distributed in some suitable entanglement swapping network.

The metastable zone width (MSZW) was measured for combined cooling and antisolvent crystallization of L-asparagine monohydrate (LAM) in water-isopropanol solution by conventional polythermal method. The effects of cooling rate, antisolvent flow rate and saturation temperature on the MSZW were investigated and analysed using both statistical and theoretical models. The relationship of MSZW with these factors are more complex compared to cooling-only or antisolvent-only crystallization. For each of these three factors, a range of values were determined where the MSZW behaves in a more predictable manner and follows the behaviour of cooling-only crystallization. The effect of antisolvent flow rate was more pronounced compared to cooling rate in case of combined cooling and antisolvent crystallization of LAM. The obtained MSZW data were also used for the estimation of nucleation kinetics using the method proposed by Kubota.