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Algumas obras do artista e poeta belga Marcel Broodthaers (1924-1976) são apresentadas nesse artigo como uma forma de trazer uma reflexão acerca da interseção entre a prática literária e artística, tendo como principal pilar leituras em torno do silêncio. Propondo uma nova relação entre poesia, artes e mídias, Broodthaers cria obras ressaltando os interesses gráficos do poeta, ao mesmo tempo em que oblitera as palavras. Essa desestabilização do poder das palavras trouxe para sua produçãoa ênfase na imagem porém em um espaço de escrita. Nas obras Un coup de dés e Pense-Bête, por exemplo, Broodthaers trabalha por cima de obras já existentes, distorcendo a ideia de originalidade, e principalmente explorando a vulnerabilidade da palavra e do sentido. Encobrindo palavras e engessando livros, Broodthaers chama atenção para a leitura do substrato, definido pelo poeta e crítico Craig Dworkin, em No Medium, como o que resta para ser lido. Assim, entre o dito e o não dito, palavra e imagem, Broodthaers suscita um novo olhar para o papel da literatura, das artes e das mídias.Palavras-chave: Broodthaers; silêncio; substrato

With the rapidly expanding catalogue of scientific publications, especially within the Biomedical Sciences field, it is becoming increasingly difficult for researchers to search for, read or even interpret emerging scientific findings. PubMed, just one of the current biomedical data repositories, comprises over 33 million citations for biomedical research, and over 2500 publications are added each day. To further strengthen the impact biomedical research, we suggest that there should be more synergy between publications and machines. By bringing machines into the realm of research and publication, we can greatly augment the assessment, investigation and cataloging of the biomedical literary corpus. The effective application of machine-based manuscript assessment and interpretation is now crucial, and potentially stands as the most effective way for researchers to comprehend and process the tsunami of biomedical data and literature. Many biomedical manuscripts are currently published online in poorly searchable document types, with figures and data presented in formats that are partially inaccessible to machine-based approaches. The structure and format of biomedical manuscripts should be adapted to facilitate machine-assisted interrogation of this important literary corpus. In this context, it is important to embrace the concept that biomedical scientists should also write manuscripts that can be read by machines. It is likely that an enhanced human-machine synergy in reading biomedical publications will greatly enhance biomedical data retrieval and reveal novel insights into complex datasets.

The clinical examination is an important part of any patient consultation. After the primary survey and taking the patient history, a more in-depth examination is sometimes required to aid making a working diagnosis and help negate other differential diagnoses. The extent of this depends on the stability of the patient and may not be possible in time-critical circumstances. However, clinical examination is an increasing part of paramedic practice owing to the continued expansion of the scope of the paramedic role in both urgent and emergency care. Education on clinical examination concerning each of the main body systems is now an integral part of undergraduate paramedic curricula. This clinical examination series provides a step-by-step overview for each of the main body systems. Continuing professional development (CPD) is an essential requirement for all clinicians to maintain and demonstrate they are staying up to date and advancing in their roles. This series gives an overview of each type of examination to support students, newly qualified paramedics and paramedics wishing to use these articles as a CPD development activity and an aide-memoire for clinical practice. This article, which explores the peripheral vascular system, gives an overview of initial examination considerations, including first impressions.

In this paper we investigate the problem of locating multiple non-cooperative radio frequency (RF) emitters using only received signal strength (RSS) data. We assume that the number of emitters is unknown and that individual emitters cannot be distinguished in the RSS data. Moreover, we assume that the environment in which the data has been collected has not been mapped or "fingerprinted" by the prior collection of RSS data. Our primary interest is the limiting resolution that can be obtained by this type of data, and the lowest power emitters that can be detected, as a function of noise level, sensor geometry, and other variables. We formulate the recovery problem as one of sparse approximation or compressed sensing, and investigate an appropriate recovery algorithm for this setting, and use it to illustrate our conclusions. We also include a reconstruction based on sampled data we collected, to illustrate the reasonableness of our parameter choices and conclusions., Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures

Background: Findings from the RESTART trial suggest that starting antiplatelet therapy might reduce the risk of recurrent symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage compared with avoiding antiplatelet therapy. Brain imaging features of intracerebral haemorrhage and cerebral small vessel diseases (such as cerebral microbleeds) are associated with greater risks of recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage. We did subgroup analyses of the RESTART trial to explore whether these brain imaging features modify the effects of antiplatelet therapy.Methods: RESTART was a prospective, randomised, open-label, blinded-endpoint, parallel-group trial at 122 hospitals in the UK that assessed whether starting antiplatelet therapy might reduce the risk of recurrent symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage compared with avoiding antiplatelet therapy. For this prespecified subgroup analysis, consultant neuroradiologists masked to treatment allocation reviewed brain CT or MRI scans performed before randomisation to confirm participant eligibility and rate features of the intracerebral haemorrhage and surrounding brain. We followed participants for primary (recurrent symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage) and secondary (ischaemic stroke) outcomes for up to 5 years (reported elsewhere). For this report, we analysed eligible participants with intracerebral haemorrhage according to their treatment allocation in primary subgroup analyses of cerebral microbleeds on MRI and in exploratory subgroup analyses of other features on CT or MRI. The trial is registered with the ISRCTN registry, number ISRCTN71907627.Findings: Between May 22, 2013, and May 31, 2018, 537 participants were enrolled, of whom 525 (98%) had intracerebral haemorrhage: 507 (97%) were diagnosed on CT (252 assigned to start antiplatelet therapy and 255 assigned to avoid antiplatelet therapy, of whom one withdrew and was not analysed) and 254 (48%) underwent the required brain MRI protocol (122 in the start antiplatelet therapy group and 132 in the avoid antiplatelet therapy group). There were no clinically or statistically significant hazards of antiplatelet therapy on recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage in primary subgroup analyses of cerebral microbleed presence (2 or more) versus absence (0 or 1) (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0·30 [95% CI 0·08–1·13] vs 0·77 [0·13–4·61]; pinteraction=0·41), cerebral microbleed number 0–1 versus 2–4 versus 5 or more (HR 0·77 [0·13–4·62] vs 0·32 [0·03–3·66] vs 0·33 [0·07–1·60]; pinteraction=0·75), or cerebral microbleed strictly lobar versus other location (HR 0·52 [0·004–6·79] vs 0·37 [0·09–1·28]; pinteraction=0·85). There was no evidence of heterogeneity in the effects of antiplatelet therapy in any exploratory subgroup analyses (all pinteraction>0·05).Interpretation: Our findings exclude all but a very modest harmful effect of antiplatelet therapy on recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage in the presence of cerebral microbleeds. Further randomised trials are needed to replicate these findings and investigate them with greater precision.Funding: British Heart Foundation.

To determine the relationship between consumer cost sharing for branded antidepressants and the initiation of branded therapy among patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) filling a prescription for generic MDD medication.Retrospective cross-sectional analyses.Patients aged 18 to 64 years with MDD who filled a generic antidepressant were identified in commercial claims data for 2012 to 2014. For each year-specific analysis, an average cost-sharing index for branded antidepressants at the level of the plan was computed. Multivariable models were used to estimate the relationship between plan-level cost sharing for branded antidepressant medications and the filling of branded prescriptions, with demographic and clinical variables as covariates.For patients with MDD filling a generic prescription, increases in branded cost sharing were associated with significant decreases in the likelihood of filling a branded antidepressant in each year (P .001). Results in 2012 imply that a shift from the 0th to 90th percentile in the branded cost-sharing index corresponded with a 9.5% decrease in the relative likelihood of a branded fill among patients receiving a generic antidepressant. The corresponding figures for 2013 and 2014 were 9.3% and 3.5%, respectively.In MDD, patients and clinicians who dutifully adhere to guidelines requiring a trial of first-line medication may ultimately require therapy with alternate agents to achieve adequate disease control. A "reward the good soldier" benefit design would lower cost sharing for higher-tier evidence-based therapies when clinically indicated. Results suggest that narrowing the gap in cost sharing between branded and generic medications following a trial of a generic agent might improve access to second-line treatment in MDD.

Em meados dos anos 60, a arte conceitual surge como uma tendência que se caracteriza por utilizar uma série de práticas e métodos inovadores no mundo das artes. Preocupados com o conceito por trás da produção artística, e não com o objeto de arte em si, os artistas encontraram na linguagem verbal o instrumento para as produções mais características do movimento. Ironicamente, muitos produziram obras sem a intenção de ressaltar a importância da palavra, mas de silenciá-la. O silêncio dessas obras conceituais é produzido em torno do branco da página, da obliteração da linguagem, e do gesto. Corroborando o pensamento de Susan Sontag, em A estética do silêncio, o silêncio foi utilizado pelos artistas como uma forma de transformação da arte, uma relutância em se comunicar dentro dos padrões. O objetivo desta pesquisa é apresentar um breve catálogo de obras conceituais silenciadas/silenciosas. A partir de um interesse em explorar as estratégias de silenciamento, a pesquisa apresenta análises propondo uma leitura do que a princípio parece ilegível. Para direcionar essa leitura, a análise toma como base os livros Reading the illegible e No medium, do escritor e poeta americano Craig Dworkin. Os poemas/obras conceituais são analisados considerando elementos passíveis de leitura, o que Dworkin chama de substrato, e amparados por obras literárias, de maneira que se perceba neles uma poética com atributos análogos aos que compõem uma obra literária. In the mid-60s, conceptual art appears as a tendency recognized for using a series of innovative practices and methods in the art world. Concerned with the concept beneath artistic productions, instead of the object of art in itself, the artists found in language the instrument for the most representative productions of the movement. Ironically, many artists did not intend to highlight the importance of words, but to silence them. The silence in these conceptual art works is created around the blank page, the obliteration of language and the gestures. Drawing upon Susan Sontags thoughts, in A estética do silêncio, silence was used by artists as a means to transform art, a reluctance to communicate within the standards. The aim of this research is to present a brief catalogue of silenced/silent conceptual art works. Starting from an interest in exploring the strategies through which these works were silenced, the research presents a reading of what could at first be considered illegible. To direct this reading, the analysis is based on books such as Reading the illegible and No medium, by the American writer and poet Craig Dworkin. The conceptual poems/works are analyzed considering elements that allow reading, which Dworkin calls substrate, supported by other literary pieces, so that it is possible to notice in them a poetics with attributes analogous to those that characterize a literary work.

Objectives: To perform surgical closure of a clinically significant arterial duct on children in a third world country. Background: An arterial duct is one of the most common congenital cardiac defects. Large arterial ducts can cause significant pulmonary overcirculation, causing symptoms of congestive cardiac failure, ultimately resulting in premature death. Closure of an arterial duct is usually curative, allowing for a normal quality of life and expectancy. In western countries, arterial duct closure in children is usually performed by deployment of a device through a catheter-based approach, replacing previous surgical approaches. In third world countries, there is limited access to the necessary resources for performing catheter-based closure of an arterial duct. Consequently, children with an arterial duct in a third world country may only receive palliative care, can be markedly symptomatic, and often do not survive to adulthood. Methods: We assembled a team of 11 healthcare workers with extensive experience in the medical and surgical management of children with congenital cardiac disease. In all, 21 patients with a history of an arterial duct were screened by performing a comprehensive history, physical, and echocardiogram at the Angkor Hospital for Children in Siem Reap, Cambodia. Results: A total of 18 children (eight male and ten female), ranging in age from 10 months to 14 years, were deemed suitable to undergo surgery. All patients were symptomatic, and the arterial ducts ranged in size from 4 to 15 millimetres. Surgical closure was performed using two clips, and in four cases with the largest arterial duct, sutures were also placed. All patients had successful closure without any significant complications, and were able to be discharged home within 2 days of surgery. Of note, four children with arterial ducts died in the 5 months before our arrival. Conclusion: Surgical closure of an arterial duct can be performed safely and effectively by an experienced paediatric cardiothoracic surgical team on children in a third world country. We hope that our experience will inspire others to perform similar missions throughout the world.

Rationale and objectives In this study, we developed a prototype model-based computer aided detection (CAD) system designed to automatically detect both solid and subsolid pulmonary nodules in computed tomography (CT) images. By using this CAD algorithm, along with the radiologist’s initial interpretation, we aim to improve the sensitivity of radiologic readings of CT lung exams. Materials and methods We have developed a model-based CAD algorithm through the use of precise mathematic models that capture scanner physics and anatomic information. Our model-based CAD algorithm uses multiple segmentation algorithms to extract noteworthy structures in the lungs and a Bayesian statistical model selection framework to determine the probability of various anatomical events throughout the lung. We tested this algorithm on 50 low-dose CT lung cancer screening cases in which ground truth was produced through readings by three expert chest radiologists. Results Using this model-based CAD algorithm on 50 low-dose CT cases, we measured potential sensitivity improvements of 7% and 5% in two radiologists with respect to all noncalcified nodules, solid and subsolid, greater than 5 mm in diameter. The third radiologist did not miss any nodules in the ground truth set. The CAD algorithm produced 8.3 false positives per case. Conclusion Our prototype CAD system demonstrates promising results as a tool to improve the quality of radiologic readings by increasing radiologist sensitivity. A significant advantage of this model-based approach is that it can be easily extended to support additional anatomic models as clinical understanding and scanning practices improve.

Pedagogical practices in electrical engineering education have been shifting away from teacher-centered learning during the past decade. An innovation that has enabled the adoption of inquiry-based and problem-based learning into the curriculum using experimentation coupled with simulation and analysis has been the development of portable oscilloscopes and other instruments that rely on tablet or laptop computers to perform some of the data processing and to act as the display. Faculty members at six institutions of higher learning have incorporated hands-on experimental activities into existing courses and/or developed new courses that take advantage of these new tools. Assessment data collected by these faculty members have demonstrated that the change towards student-centered learning facilitated by portable electronics increased student interest in electrical engineering, built student confidence in their ability to design circuits and systems, and supported the development of a deeper understanding of the theories that the students investigate or apply in the hands-on activities. A summary of the challenges that are faced in the different implementation models and a discussion of best practices are presented.

In cognitive radio systems, the available frequency bands are usually non-contiguous, which may cause impact on the spectrum utilization efficiency (SUE).When the receiver has a limited sampling capability, the aliasing phenomenon may cause interference among the signals at different frequency points, thus causing the loss of channel capacity. Information theoretic analysis is carried out to quantify the impact of spectrum non-contiguity on the channel capacity by analyzing the SUE. Beginning from the single sampler case, the analysis is also extended to the general case of sampler arrays. Numerical results are provided to answer several important questions on the impact of spectrum non-contiguity.

Small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have limits on the weight and size of direction finding (DF) systems that can be used. However, by employing multiple sensors that work cooperatively, simple DF systems need only to provide a rough estimate of the signal's angle of arrival (AOA) and received signal strength (RSS). As the UAVs move, a plurality of data points can be obtained from diverse locations. Combining this information from multiple sensor locations can provide a low-cost and effective solution to electronic emitter location problems, using low-accuracy DF technology. In this paper we present an algorithm, based on the compressed sensing technique, that uses AOA and RSS from mobile sensors (UAVs) to geolocate the source of radio signals on the ground.

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can be used to chase radio frequency (RF) emitters by sensing the signal sent out by the RF emitters. Meanwhile, the RF emitter can evade from the UAVs, thus forming a pursuit-evasion game. In contrast to traditional pursuit-evasion games, in which the players can always observe each other, the RF emitter can stop transmitting such that the UAVs lose the target. However, stopping the transmission also incurs cost to the RF emitter since it can no longer convey information to destinations. Hence, the RF emitter can take both continuous actions, i.e., the moving direction, and discrete actions, i.e., whether to stop transmission. Meanwhile, there are both discrete states, i.e., whether the RF transmitter is transmitting, and continuous states, i.e., the locations of UAVs and RF emitter, thus forming a hybrid system. We will study the game theoretic properties of this novel game and derive the optimal strategies for both parties under certain assumptions.

We report on a two-week professional development workshop for middle and high school science teachers offered as part of a three-year Indiana Department of Education Math-Science Partnership grant awarded to Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology (RHIT) and Vigo County School Corporation (VCSC).

There is a need at Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology (RHIT) to increase the fundamental design, measurement, and laboratory skills for both Electrical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering students. Our project aims to improve students' design and practical problem solving skills, increase student interest in Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE), and Biomedical Engineering (BE), and strengthen students' lab skills. In this project, we will be developing a web-based repository of worked circuit design examples; real world application demos of electrical circuits which visualize active, hands-on learning; and video-based tutorials for electrical circuit laboratory exercises.

Various methods for discovering the location of radio frequency (RF) emitters using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been the focus of research over the past several years. Our work is aimed at determining the effectiveness of lowaccuracy direction finding (DF) technology to locate RF emissions using multiple UAVs. Small, commercial-off-theshelf (COTS) antenna systems can provide a rough estimate of an emitter's location within a 90 degree or 45 degree sector. Using these DF systems, a team of inexpensive UAVs can be deployed to collect low-accuracy data from multiple positions. A ground station would combine the information. In contrast to typical angle-of-arrival (AOA) methods, this unique technique does not require precise antenna arrays, complex hardware, or significant processing time to locate RF emissions. We present simulation results that show that accurate geolocation of emitters is possible with DF systems using only low accuracy (90-20 degrees) Angle of Arrival (AOA) information.

The Electrical Engineering curriculum is often coupled with extensive laboratory practice. The primary objectives of these laboratory experiences are to develop measurement and testing skills, draw relationships between classroom theory and real world applications and increase students' interest in the practice of the engineering profession. Traditionally, laboratory exercises that instruct students on the operation of instruments and basic measurement techniques are presented in a written format. For a novice student unfamiliar with the equipment, these written instructions can be confusing and frustrating. In this project, we are creating a web-based repository of video tutorials for electrical circuit laboratory exercises in a sophomore-level Introduction to Electrical Circuits class. We will study the effectiveness of the video-based lab tutorials on improving students' lab skills. In addition, this study will examine the students' preference between the video-based lab tutorials and text-based lab tutorials.

In various studies, it has been demonstrated that instructional media plays an important role in instructors' teaching and students' learning. The purpose of this study is to assess the students' preferences for different instructional media and the impact of different instructional media on the students' learning and course-related behavior in an undergraduate electrical circuit's course. The instructional media under study were: Computer-based PowerPoint presentation, whiteboard only, combination of PowerPoint and whiteboard and combination of printed handouts and whiteboard. Two schools participated in this study: Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology (RHIT), Terre Haute, IN and Qingdao University, Qingdao, P. R. China. At RHIT, two midterm exams and one final exam were used to assess the learning effectiveness of different instructional media. To understand the course related behavior, each of the instructors were asked to assess their students' behavior in terms of attendance, amount of classroom interaction, percent of homework completion and web logins. At the end of the quarter, a questionnaire was collected from participating students to measure their preference for the instructional media. The same questionnaire was given to the students at Qingdao University to study their preference for different instructional media.

Studies have demonstrated that instructional media play an important role in instructorspsila teaching and studentspsila learning. The purpose of this study is to assess the studentspsila preferences for different instructional media and the impact of different instructional media on the studentspsila learning and course-related behavior in an undergraduate electrical circuitpsilas course. The instructional media under study are: computer-based PowerPoint presentation, whiteboard only, combination of PowerPoint and whiteboard and combination of printed handouts and whiteboard. In this study, nine sections of Introduction to Electrical Circuits sections were taught by 6 instructors using different instructional media. All the instructors used a common syllabus, labs, homework, and tests. Two midterm exams and one final exam were used to assess the learning effectiveness of different instructional media. At the end of the quarter, a questionnaire was collected from participating students to measure their preference for the instructional media. To understand the course related behavior, each of the instructors were asked to assess their studentspsila behavior in terms of attendance, amount of classroom interaction, percent of homework completion and Web logins.

As digital ink technology continues to make an impact on the technical classroom, faculty members are exploring the different strategies for using this technology to improve student learning. The purpose of this panel is to demonstrate how faculty members are implementing this technology in engineering and science classrooms at three different institutions: Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology, University of Texas at Austin, and University of Vermont. The panel is designed to show both experienced pen computing users and those who are new to the field the different ways this versatile technology may be employed. In addition to the demonstrations, the presenters will discuss the pedagogical implications that result from the implementations. Faculty who are interested in both the pedagogy and assessment of pen-based computing in the classroom should find the session informative and useful.

Growing evidence has suggested that industry-sponsored project experience, where the student is paid, can provide students with a real-world perspective that enhances the studentpsilas academic experience. This experience is particularly valuable for female students because women may have less real-world exposure to applications in their chosen career path compared to their male counterparts. Sometimes internship experiences can be a negative experience for female students. Our working hypothesis is that internship experiences have the potential to affect female students more than male students, both positively and negatively The focus of this paper is to determine if there are significant gender differences resulting from studentspsila internship experience on academic performance and attitudes about their future career choice.