39 results on '"Department of Science and Technology (South Africa)"'
Search Results
2. PACT: II. Pressure profiles of galaxy clusters using Planck and ACT
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Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), European Research Council, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), European Commission, South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, National Research Foundation (South Africa), Department of Science and Technology (South Africa), European Organization for Nuclear Research, Pointecouteau, E., Santiago-Bautista, I., Douspis, M., Aghanim, N., Crichton, D., Diego, José María, Hurier, Guillaume, Macías-Pérez, J. F., Marriage, T. A., Remazeilles, Mathieu, Caretta, C. A., Bravo-Alfaro, H., Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), European Research Council, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), European Commission, South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, National Research Foundation (South Africa), Department of Science and Technology (South Africa), European Organization for Nuclear Research, Pointecouteau, E., Santiago-Bautista, I., Douspis, M., Aghanim, N., Crichton, D., Diego, José María, Hurier, Guillaume, Macías-Pérez, J. F., Marriage, T. A., Remazeilles, Mathieu, Caretta, C. A., and Bravo-Alfaro, H.
- Abstract
The pressure of hot gas in groups and clusters of galaxies is a key physical quantity, which is directly linked to the total mass of the halo and several other thermodynamical properties. In the wake of previous observational works on the hot gas pressure distribution in massive halos, we have investigated a sample of 31 clusters detected in both the Planck and Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT), MBAC surveys. We made use of an optimised Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) map reconstructed from the two data sets and tailored for the detection of the SZ effect, taking advantage of both Planck coverage of large scales and the ACT higher spatial resolution. Our average pressure profile covers a radial range going from 0.04 × R500 in the central parts to 2.5 × R500 in the outskirts. In this way, it improves upon previous pressure-profile reconstruction based on SZ measurements. It is compatible, as well as competitive, with constraints derived from joint X-ray and SZ analysis. This work demonstrates the possibilities offered by large sky surveys of the SZ effect with multiple experiments with different spatial resolutions and spectral coverages, such as ACT and Planck.
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- 2021
3. Sensitivity of the Cherenkov Telescope Array to a dark matter signal from the Galactic centre
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Australian Research Council, University of Adelaide, Australian National University, Monash University, University of New South Wales (Australia), University of Sydney, Federal Ministry of Education, Science and Research (Austria), University of Innsbruck, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Instituto Serrapilheira, Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (Brasil), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Canadian Space Agency, Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (Chile), Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (Chile), Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo (Chile), Croatian Science Foundation, University of Zagreb, University of Rijeka, Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (Czech Republic), Academy of Finland, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Max Planck Society, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Helmholtz Association, Department of Atomic Energy (India), Department of Science and Technology (India), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, University of Tokyo, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Japan), Netherlands Research School for Astronomy, Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, University of Oslo, Ministry of Science and Higher Education (Poland), National Science Centre (Poland), Slovenian Research Agency, Department of Science and Technology (South Africa), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), European Commission, Comunidad de Madrid, Junta de Andalucía, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Acharyya, A., Agudo, Iván, Aguirre-Santaella, A., Ascasíbar, Y., Coronado-Blazquez, J., Fornieri, O., Gaggero, D., Gammaldi, Viviana, Pérez-Romero, J., Sánchez-Conde, Miguel A., CTA Consortium, Australian Research Council, University of Adelaide, Australian National University, Monash University, University of New South Wales (Australia), University of Sydney, Federal Ministry of Education, Science and Research (Austria), University of Innsbruck, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Instituto Serrapilheira, Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (Brasil), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Canadian Space Agency, Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (Chile), Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (Chile), Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo (Chile), Croatian Science Foundation, University of Zagreb, University of Rijeka, Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (Czech Republic), Academy of Finland, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Max Planck Society, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Helmholtz Association, Department of Atomic Energy (India), Department of Science and Technology (India), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, University of Tokyo, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Japan), Netherlands Research School for Astronomy, Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, University of Oslo, Ministry of Science and Higher Education (Poland), National Science Centre (Poland), Slovenian Research Agency, Department of Science and Technology (South Africa), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), European Commission, Comunidad de Madrid, Junta de Andalucía, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Acharyya, A., Agudo, Iván, Aguirre-Santaella, A., Ascasíbar, Y., Coronado-Blazquez, J., Fornieri, O., Gaggero, D., Gammaldi, Viviana, Pérez-Romero, J., Sánchez-Conde, Miguel A., and CTA Consortium
- Abstract
We provide an updated assessment of the power of the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) to search for thermally produced dark matter at the TeV scale, via the associated gamma-ray signal from pair-annihilating dark matter particles in the region around the Galactic centre. We find that CTA will open a new window of discovery potential, significantly extending the range of robustly testable models given a standard cuspy profile of the dark matter density distribution. Importantly, even for a cored profile, the projected sensitivity of CTA will be sufficient to probe various well-motivated models of thermally produced dark matter at the TeV scale. This is due to CTA's unprecedented sensitivity, angular and energy resolutions, and the planned observational strategy. The survey of the inner Galaxy will cover a much larger region than corresponding previous observational campaigns with imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. CTA will map with unprecedented precision the large-scale diffuse emission in high-energy gamma rays, constituting a background for dark matter searches for which we adopt state-of-the-art models based on current data. Throughout our analysis, we use up-to-date event reconstruction Monte Carlo tools developed by the CTA consortium, and pay special attention to quantifying the level of instrumental systematic uncertainties, as well as background template systematic errors, required to probe thermally produced dark matter at these energies. © 2021 The Author(s).
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- 2021
4. Additional evidence on the efficacy of different Akirin vaccines assessed on Anopheles arabiensis (Diptera: Culicidae)
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National Research Foundation (South Africa), Department of Science and Technology (South Africa), South African Medical Research Council, Letinić, Blaženka D., Contreras, Marinela, Dahan-Moss, Yael, Linnekugel, Ingrid, Fuente, José de la, Koekemoer, Lizette L., National Research Foundation (South Africa), Department of Science and Technology (South Africa), South African Medical Research Council, Letinić, Blaženka D., Contreras, Marinela, Dahan-Moss, Yael, Linnekugel, Ingrid, Fuente, José de la, and Koekemoer, Lizette L.
- Abstract
[Background]: Anopheles arabiensis is an opportunistic malaria vector that rests and feeds outdoors, circumventing current indoor vector control methods. Furthermore, this vector will readily feed on both animals and humans. Targeting this vector while feeding on animals can provide an additional intervention for the current vector control activities. Previous results have displayed the efficacy of using Subolesin/Akirin ortholog vaccines for the control of multiple ectoparasite infestations. This made Akirin a potential antigen for vaccine development against An. arabiensis., [Methods]: The efficacy of three antigens, namely recombinant Akirin from An. arabiensis, recombinant Akirin from Aedes albopictus, and recombinant Q38 (Akirin/Subolesin chimera) were evaluated as novel interventions for An. arabiensis vector control. Immunisation trials were conducted based on the concept that mosquitoes feeding on vaccinated balb/c mice would ingest antibodies specific to the target antigen. The antibodies would interact with the target antigen in the arthropod vector, subsequently disrupting its function., [Results]: All three antigens successfully reduced An. arabiensis survival and reproductive capacities, with a vaccine efficacy of 68–73%., [Conclusions]: These results were the first to show that hosts vaccinated with recombinant Akirin vaccines could develop a protective response against this outdoor malaria transmission vector, thus providing a step towards the development of a novel intervention for An. arabiensis vector control.
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- 2021
5. Is variation in flower shape and length among native and non-native populations of Nicotiana glauca a product of pollinator-mediated selection?
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Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (Argentina), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (Argentina), Fondo para la Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (Argentina), Department of Science and Technology (South Africa), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), García, Macarena, Benítez-Vieyra, S. M., Sérsic, Alicia Noemí, Pauw, Anton, Cocucci, Andrea Arístides, Traveset, Anna, Sazatornil, Federico, Paiaro, Valeria, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (Argentina), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (Argentina), Fondo para la Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (Argentina), Department of Science and Technology (South Africa), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), García, Macarena, Benítez-Vieyra, S. M., Sérsic, Alicia Noemí, Pauw, Anton, Cocucci, Andrea Arístides, Traveset, Anna, Sazatornil, Federico, and Paiaro, Valeria
- Abstract
Due to drastic changes in pollinators between native and invaded habitats, we might expect that pollinator-mediated selection on floral traits of alien plants differ from that in their native ranges. Here, through geometric morphometric tools and phenotypic selection analyses, we examined whether adaptation in flower shape and length occurred in Nicotiana glauca as a response to pollinator selection in contrasting pollination environments. We assessed populations of this plant species in the native range (South America), where plants depend on hummingbird pollination, and in two invaded areas, one where sunbirds act as pollinators (South Africa), and another where nectar feeding birds are absent and reproduction is entirely by autonomous self-pollination (Mallorca, Spain). Corolla length and shape varied significantly among pollination environments. Non-native sites were less variable and their range of variation fell within the native range of variation. Flower length in native populations and in a South African population matched the bill length of their respective pollinators. In contrast with the straight floral tubes in the native range, both non-native areas had significantly curved tubes. Curvature may improve the fit with the curved bills of sunbirds in South Africa (versus straight beaks of hummingbirds) and may enhance self-pollination in Mallorca, but this similarity between invaded areas may equally be due to drift and a shared colonization route. We found spatial variation in selection acting on corolla length but not on corolla shape. Overall, selection patterns were not consistent with floral trait variation. Although some results are consistent with both drift and selection, our study suggests that population divergence in flower shape and length is more likely the result of long-term diversifying pollinator-driven selection, which is difficult to detect by studying a single selection event.
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- 2020
6. A comparative framework to support an ecosystem approach to fisheries in a global context
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Department of Science and Technology (South Africa), National Research Foundation (South Africa), Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (UK), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Lockerbie, E.M., Shannon, Lynne J., Lynam, Christopher P., Coll, Marta, Jarre, A., Department of Science and Technology (South Africa), National Research Foundation (South Africa), Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (UK), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Lockerbie, E.M., Shannon, Lynne J., Lynam, Christopher P., Coll, Marta, and Jarre, A.
- Abstract
Although an ecosystem approach to fisheries has been recognized as a means of progressing toward sustainable fishing, successful implementation of this approach has been limited. However, one way in which progress has been made is through the use of suites of indicators. Decision tree frameworks can be used to incorporate trends in ecological, fishing, and environmental indicators into ecosystem assessments. A relatively generic decision tree framework has been developed and successfully applied to multiple ecosystems. This framework incorporates trends in indicators, as well as the impacts of fishing pressure and environmental variability on ecological indicators in order to assess the state of each ecosystem. The inclusion of ecosystem expert knowledge from the outset ensures trends are correctly interpreted and allows analyses to contribute to global comparisons in a robust and meaningful manner. Although ecological and environmental indicators are well developed, those addressing the human dimensions of marine ecosystems are less so. This framework holds the potential to incorporate such indicators in order to fully assess marine ecosystems in a comparative context. Such assessments could help ensure food security from marine resources into the future as well as ensuring the well-being of coastal communities. Here critical review of the potential value of this framework has been conducted, with its usefulness emphasized in the similarities it holds, and in the contribution it could make, to current global methods of ecosystem assessments
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- 2020
7. Reproductive ecology of the bird-pollinated Nicotiana glauca across native and introduced ranges with contrasting pollination environments
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Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (Argentina), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Department of Science and Technology (South Africa), Issaly, E. A., Sérsic, Alicia Noemí, Pauw, Anton, Cocucci, Andrea Arístides, Traveset, Anna, Benítez-Vieyra, S. M., Paiaro, Valeria, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (Argentina), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Department of Science and Technology (South Africa), Issaly, E. A., Sérsic, Alicia Noemí, Pauw, Anton, Cocucci, Andrea Arístides, Traveset, Anna, Benítez-Vieyra, S. M., and Paiaro, Valeria
- Abstract
Introduced plants become decoupled from their usual pollinators and by relying on resident pollinator species or other reproductive strategies become established in new areas, spread and, eventually, invade. Here, using breeding system experiments, we studied the reproductive biology of the bird-pollinated South American species Nicotiana glauca across native and non-native areas, both inside and outside the range of flower-visiting birds. In the native range, where the species is visited by hummingbirds, open cross-pollinated flowers set as many seeds and almost as many fruits as open pollination controls, suggesting that pollinators make a major contribution to reproductive success. In South Africa, the flowers were pollinated by sunbirds which, although less efficiently, also contributed to N. glauca reproduction, replacing hummingbirds. In contrast, in Mallorca, where nectar feeding birds are absent, fruit production in open cross-pollinated flowers was near zero, and significantly lower than in open pollination controls, suggesting that reproduction is almost entirely by autonomous self-pollination. Hand-pollination experiments showed that the species is self-compatible throughout its range. Pollinator exclusion experiment showed that N. glauca relies on self-pollination only in pollinator poor areas, where plants have a much higher capacity for autonomous self-pollination than elsewhere. A reduction in anther-stigma distance does not seem to account the higher self-pollination capacity in the non-native environment without pollinators. Despite probable evolutionary adaptation, and flexibility in pollinator association and mating system, seed production in the introduced range was somewhat pollen limited, suggesting that the mismatch between N. glauca and its novel pollination environment might retard invasion.
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- 2020
8. PACT. I. Combining ACT and Planck data for improved extraction of tSZ signal
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Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), European Research Council, European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, National Research Foundation (South Africa), Department of Science and Technology (South Africa), Aghanim, N., Douspis, M., Hurier, Guillaume, Crichton, D., Diego, José María, Hasselfield, M., Macías-Pérez, J. F., Marriage, T. A., Pointecouteau, E., Remazeilles, Mathieu, Soubrié, E., Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), European Research Council, European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, National Research Foundation (South Africa), Department of Science and Technology (South Africa), Aghanim, N., Douspis, M., Hurier, Guillaume, Crichton, D., Diego, José María, Hasselfield, M., Macías-Pérez, J. F., Marriage, T. A., Pointecouteau, E., Remazeilles, Mathieu, and Soubrié, E.
- Abstract
We present the optimal reconstruction of the thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (tSZ) effect signal based on the combination of a heterogeneous dataset consisting of Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) and Planck data, with different numbers of channels, angular resolutions, and noise levels. We combine both datasets using two different approaches, a matched multifilter (MMF) technique and an optimized internal linear combination (ILC). We show that when applying the MMF to the combination of ACT and Planck data, the size-flux degeneracy is reduced and the signal-to-noise of clusters detected with their Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) signal improves by up to a factor of three. In the case of the optimized ILC method, we show that the tSZ map is reconstructed with a resolution of ¿1.5 arcmin. This is more than a factor two improvement compared with the Planck resolution, and with a very good control of noise, meaning that it is limited only by the intrinsic noise of the individual experiments. The combination of ACT and Planck data offers a unique opportunity to improve on the study of the pressure profiles and to study substructure in clusters through their tSZ.
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- 2019
9. The many faces of mobility: Using bibliometric data to measure the movement of scientists
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Department of Science and Technology (South Africa), National Research Foundation (South Africa), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Robinson-García, Nicolás, Sugimoto, Cassidy R., Murray, Dakota, Yegros Yegros, Alfredo, Larivière, Vincent, Costas Comesaña, Rodrigo, Department of Science and Technology (South Africa), National Research Foundation (South Africa), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Robinson-García, Nicolás, Sugimoto, Cassidy R., Murray, Dakota, Yegros Yegros, Alfredo, Larivière, Vincent, and Costas Comesaña, Rodrigo
- Abstract
This paper presents a methodological framework for developing scientific mobility indicators based on bibliometric data. We identify nearly 16 million individual authors from publications covered in the Web of Science for the 2008–2015 period. Based on the information provided across individuals’ publication records, we propose a general classification for analyzing scientific mobility using institutional affiliation changes. We distinguish between migrants--authors who have ruptures with their country of origin--and travelers--authors who gain additional affiliations while maintaining affiliation with their country of origin. We find that 3.7% of researchers who have published at least one paper over the period are mobile. Travelers represent 72.7% of all mobile scholars, but migrants have higher scientific impact. We apply this classification at the country level, expanding the classification to incorporate the directionality of scientists’ mobility (i.e., incoming and outgoing). We provide a brief analysis to highlight the utility of the proposed taxonomy to study scholarly mobility and discuss the implications for science policy.
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- 2019
10. Towards a second generation of ‘social media metrics’: Characterizing Twitter communities of attention around science
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Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), National Research Foundation (South Africa), Department of Science and Technology (South Africa), Díaz-Faes, Adrián A., Bowman, Timothy D., Costas Comesaña, Rodrigo, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), National Research Foundation (South Africa), Department of Science and Technology (South Africa), Díaz-Faes, Adrián A., Bowman, Timothy D., and Costas Comesaña, Rodrigo
- Abstract
‘Social media metrics’ are bursting into science studies as emerging new measures of impact related to scholarly activities. However, their meaning and scope as scholarly metrics is still far from being grasped. This research seeks to shift focus from the consideration of social media metrics around science as mere indicators confined to the analysis of the use and visibility of publications on social media to their consideration as metrics of interaction and circulation of scientific knowledge across different communities of attention, and particularly as metrics that can also be used to characterize these communities. Although recent research efforts have proposed tentative typologies of social media users, no study has empirically examined the full range of Twitter user’s behavior within Twitter and disclosed the latent dimensions in which activity on Twitter around science can be classified. To do so, we draw on the overall activity of social media users on Twitter interacting with research objects collected from the Altmetic.com database. Data from over 1.3 million unique users, accounting for over 14 million tweets to scientific publications, is analyzed. Based on an exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, four latent dimensions are identified: ‘Science Engagement’, ‘Social Media Capital’, ‘Social Media Activity’ and ‘Science Focus’. Evidence on the predominant type of users by each of the four dimensions is provided by means of VOSviewer term maps of Twitter profile descriptions. This research breaks new ground for the systematic analysis and characterization of social media users’ activity around science.
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- 2019
11. The eclipsing binary star RZ Cas: Accretion-driven variability of the multimode oscillation spectrum
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Ministry of Science and Technology (Thailand), German Research Foundation, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Ministry of Science and Technology (India), Department of Science and Technology (South Africa), Mkrtichian, D.E., Lehmann, H., Rodríguez Martínez, Eloy, Olson, E., Kim, S.L., Kusakin, A.V., Lee, J.W., Youn, J.H., Kwon, S.G., López González, Maria J., Janiashvili, E., Tiwari, S.K., Joshi, S., Lampens, P., Van Cauteren, P., Glazunova, L., Gamarova, A., Grankin, K.N., Rovithis-Livaniou, E., Svoboda, P., Uhlar, R., Tsymbal, V., Kokumbaeva, R., Urushadze, T., Kuratov, K., Shin, H.C., Kang, Y.W., Soonthornthum, B., Ministry of Science and Technology (Thailand), German Research Foundation, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Ministry of Science and Technology (India), Department of Science and Technology (South Africa), Mkrtichian, D.E., Lehmann, H., Rodríguez Martínez, Eloy, Olson, E., Kim, S.L., Kusakin, A.V., Lee, J.W., Youn, J.H., Kwon, S.G., López González, Maria J., Janiashvili, E., Tiwari, S.K., Joshi, S., Lampens, P., Van Cauteren, P., Glazunova, L., Gamarova, A., Grankin, K.N., Rovithis-Livaniou, E., Svoboda, P., Uhlar, R., Tsymbal, V., Kokumbaeva, R., Urushadze, T., Kuratov, K., Shin, H.C., Kang, Y.W., and Soonthornthum, B.
- Abstract
We analysed photometric time series of the active, semidetached Algol-type system RZ Cas obtained in 1999-2009, in order to search for seasonal and short-term variations in the oscillation spectrum of RZ Cas A. The orbital period shows ±1 s cyclic variations on time-scales of 6-9 years. We detected six low-degree p-mode oscillations with periods between 22.3 and 26.22 min and obtained safe mode identifications using the periodic spatial filter method. The amplitudes and frequencies of all modes vary. We tested and confirm the hypothesis that rapid variations in the pulsation spectrum of the mass-accreting component and rapid increases in the orbital period are driven by high mass transfer and accretion outbursts caused by the cyclic magnetic activity of the Roche lobe-filling donor star. Two rapid pulsation-amplitude decays observed in 2001 and 2009 can be explained by high-mass transfer events separated by the duration of the last 9-yr long magnetic cycle.We also tested and confirm the hypothesis of an acceleration of the outer envelope of the pulsating component. We discovered synchronous, modal m-dependent variations in the frequencies of three identified modes, in good agreement with results of our mode identification using the periodic spatial filter method. We suggest that m-dependent pulsation frequency variations are caused via the Doppler-effect by variations of the rotation speed of the outer envelope of the pulsating gainer. With this method, we obtained the first asteroseismic detection and accurate measurement of the accretion driven acceleration of the outer envelope of the massaccreting component of an Algol-type star.© 2017 The Author(s).
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- 2018
12. Risky business: The combined effects of fishing and changes in primary productivity on fish communities
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Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (France), National Research Foundation (South Africa), Natural Environment Research Council (UK), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (US), Beaufort Marine Research Award, Department of Science and Technology (South Africa), Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (UK), Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Irish Government, European Commission, Fu, Caihong, Coll, Marta, Shin, Yunne-Jai, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (France), National Research Foundation (South Africa), Natural Environment Research Council (UK), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (US), Beaufort Marine Research Award, Department of Science and Technology (South Africa), Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (UK), Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Irish Government, European Commission, Fu, Caihong, Coll, Marta, and Shin, Yunne-Jai
- Abstract
There is an increasing need to understand ecosystem responses to multiple stressors in that such complex responses depend not only on species-level responses, but also on species interactions and ecosystem structure. In this study, we used a multi-model ecosystem simulation approach to explore the combined effects of fishing and primary productivity on different components of the food-web across a suite of ecosystems and a range of model types. Simulations were carried out under different levels of primary productivity and various fishing scenarios. In addition to exploring synergistic, additive or antagonistic combined effects of multiple stressors, we included a fourth category “dampened”, which refers to less negative or less positive impacts compared to additive ones, and in contrast to previous studies, we explicitly considered the direction (positive or negative) of the combined effects. We focused on two specific combined effects (negative synergism and positive dampened) associated with the risk of resultant lower fish biomass than expected under additive effects. Through a meta-analysis of the multi-models' simulation results, we found that (i) the risk of negative synergism was generally higher for low-trophic-level (LTL) taxa, implying that following an increase of fishing pressure on a given LTL stock, the subsequent decrease of biomass under low primary productivity would be larger than expected under additive effects and (ii) the risk of positive dampened effects was generally higher for high-trophic-level (HTL) taxa, implying that given a management measure aimed at reducing the impact of fishing on HTL stocks, the subsequent rebuilding of these stocks would be slower than expected. Our approach to categorizing and exploring cumulative effects can be applied to evaluate other community properties, and provide guidance for fisheries management
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- 2018
13. The specificity of marine ecological indicators to fishing in the face of environmental change: A multi-model evaluation
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National Research Foundation (South Africa), Fondation pour la Recherche sur la Biodiversité, European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Department of Science and Technology (South Africa), Natural Environment Research Council (UK), Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (UK), Australian Government, Shin, Yunne-Jai, Coll, Marta, Velez, Laure, National Research Foundation (South Africa), Fondation pour la Recherche sur la Biodiversité, European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Department of Science and Technology (South Africa), Natural Environment Research Council (UK), Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (UK), Australian Government, Shin, Yunne-Jai, Coll, Marta, and Velez, Laure
- Abstract
Ecological indicators are widely used to characterise ecosystem health. In the marine environment, indicators have been developed to assess the ecosystem effects of fishing to support an ecosystem approach to fisheries. However, very little work on the performance and robustness of ecological indicators has been carried out. An important aspect of robustness is that indicators should respond specifically to changes in the pressures they are designed to detect (e.g. fishing) rather than changes in other drivers (e.g. environment). We adopted a multi-model approach to compare and test the specificity of commonly used ecological indicators to capture fishing effects in the presence of environmental change and under different fishing strategies. We tested specificity in the presence of two types of environmental change: “random” representing interannual climate variability and “directional” representing climate change. We used phytoplankton biomass as a proxy of the environmental conditions, as this driver was comparable across all ecosystem models, then applied a signal-to-noise ratio analysis to test the specificity of indicators with random environmental change. For directional change, we used mean gradients to apportion the quantity of change in the indicators due to fishing and the environment. We found that depending on the fishing strategy and environmental change, ecological indicators could range from high to low specificity to fishing. As expected, the specificity of indicators to fishing almost always decreased as environmental variability increased. In 55–76% of the scenarios run with directional change in phytoplankton biomass across fishing strategies and ecosystem models, indicators were significantly more responsive to changes in fishing than to changes in phytoplankton biomass. This important result makes the tested ecological indicators good candidates to support fisheries management in a changing environment. Among the indicators, the catch over bioma
- Published
- 2018
14. Assessing the changing biodiversity of exploited marine ecosystems
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Department of Science and Technology (South Africa), National Research Foundation (South Africa), European Commission, Shannon, Lynne J., Coll, Marta, Department of Science and Technology (South Africa), National Research Foundation (South Africa), European Commission, Shannon, Lynne J., and Coll, Marta
- Abstract
Marine biodiversity and ecosystem functioning have changed and are continuing to change in marine ecosystems across the world. These changes are driven by human interactions with the environment and ecosystems, as well as by natural environmental change, both locally (at the ecosystem level) and globally. This paper draws on published research, in particular that using ecosystem indicators to identify, assess and compare changes in biodiversity of exploited marine ecosystems across the globe. We use our results to reflect on the sustainability of our changing exploited marine ecosystems and consider ways forward to incorporate this information in decision making processes
- Published
- 2017
15. Beyond funding: Acknowledgement patterns in biomedical, natural and social sciences
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Department of Science and Technology (South Africa), Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Paul-Hus, Adèle, Díaz-Faes, Adrián A., Sainte-Marie, Maxime, Desrochers, Nadine, Costas Comesaña, Rodrigo, Larivière, Vincent, Department of Science and Technology (South Africa), Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Paul-Hus, Adèle, Díaz-Faes, Adrián A., Sainte-Marie, Maxime, Desrochers, Nadine, Costas Comesaña, Rodrigo, and Larivière, Vincent
- Abstract
For the past 50 years, acknowledgments have been studied as important paratextual traces of research practices, collaboration, and infrastructure in science. Since 2008, funding acknowledgments have been indexed by Web of Science, supporting large-scale analyses of research funding. Applying advanced linguistic methods as well as Correspondence Analysis to more than one million acknowledgments from research articles and reviews published in 2015, this paper aims to go beyond funding disclosure and study the main types of contributions found in acknowledgments on a large scale and through disciplinary comparisons. Our analysis shows that technical support is more frequently acknowledged by scholars in Chemistry, Physics and Engineering. Earth and Space, Professional Fields, and Social Sciences are more likely to acknowledge contributions from colleagues, editors, and reviewers, while Biology acknowledgments put more emphasis on logistics and fieldwork-related tasks. Conflicts of interest disclosures (or lack of thereof) are more frequently found in acknowledgments from Clinical Medicine, Health and, to a lesser extent, Psychology. These results demonstrate that acknowledgment practices truly do vary across disciplines and that this can lead to important further research beyond the sole interest in funding.
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- 2017
16. The use of indicators for decision support in northwestern Mediterranean Sea fisheries
- Author
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National Research Foundation (South Africa), Department of Science and Technology (South Africa), European Commission, Lockerbie, E.M., Coll, Marta, Shannon, Lynne J., Jarre, A., National Research Foundation (South Africa), Department of Science and Technology (South Africa), European Commission, Lockerbie, E.M., Coll, Marta, Shannon, Lynne J., and Jarre, A.
- Abstract
The Mediterranean Sea is an enclosed basin, with narrow connections to the Atlantic Ocean via the Strait of Gibraltar, to the Red Sea via the Suez Canal and to the Black Sea via the Bosphorus Strait. This results in restricted exchange between the water masses, with considerable consequences for both circulation and productivity in the Mediterranean basin. Along with the confined nature of the basin this creates the potential for the impacts of climate change to be even more rapid (Calvo et al., 2012). The Mediterranean Sea exhibits high levels of biodiversity, containing an estimated 7% of the world's marine species and with 67% of these species found in the western basin (Link et al., 2010; Calvo et al., 2012)
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- 2017
17. Ecosystem indicators-accounting for variability in species’ trophic levels
- Author
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Fondation pour la Recherche sur la Biodiversité, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (France), Department of Science and Technology (South Africa), National Research Foundation (South Africa), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (US), Natural Environment Research Council (UK), Reed, Jodie, Coll, Marta, Shin, Yunne-Jai, Fondation pour la Recherche sur la Biodiversité, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (France), Department of Science and Technology (South Africa), National Research Foundation (South Africa), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (US), Natural Environment Research Council (UK), Reed, Jodie, Coll, Marta, and Shin, Yunne-Jai
- Abstract
Trophic level (TL)-based indicators are commonly used to track the ecosystem effects of fishing as the selective removal of organisms from the food web may result in changes to the trophic structure of marine ecosystems. The use of a fixed TL per species in the calculation of TL-based indicators has been questioned, given that species’ TLs vary with ontogeny, as well as over time and space. We conducted a model-based assessment of the performance of fixed TL-based indicators vs. variable TL-based indicators for tracking the effects of fishing pressure. This assessment considered three TL-based indicators (the trophic level of the landed catch (TLc), the marine trophic index (MTI) and the trophic level of the surveyed community (TLsc)), three fishing scenarios that targeted specific model groups (the low TL scenario (LTL), the high TL scenario (HTL) and a scenario encompassing broad-scale exploitation (ALL)) and ten contrasting marine ecosystems with four types of ecosystem modelling approaches that differ in their structure and assumptions. Results showed that, overall, variable TL-based indicators have a greater capacity for detecting the effects of fishing pressure than fixed TL-based indicators. Across TL-based indicators, TLsc displayed the most consistent response to fishing whether fixed or variable species' TLs were used, as well as the highest capacity for detecting fishing effects. This result supports previous studies that promote the use of survey-based indicators over catch-based indicators to explore the impacts of fishing on the structure of marine ecosystems. Across fishing scenarios, the low trophic level fishing scenario (LTL) resulted in the lowest consistency between fixed and variable TL-based indicator responses and the lowest capacity of TL-based indicators for detecting fishing effects. Overall, our results speak to the need for caution when interpreting TL-based indicator trends, and knowledge of the broader context, such as fishing strategie
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- 2017
18. Strategies for new and improved vaccines against ticks and tick-borne diseases
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European Commission, Czech Science Foundation, Department of Science and Technology (South Africa), National Research Foundation (South Africa), Fuente, José de la, Kopáček, Petr, Lew-Tabor, Alicja, Maritz-Olivier, Christine, European Commission, Czech Science Foundation, Department of Science and Technology (South Africa), National Research Foundation (South Africa), Fuente, José de la, Kopáček, Petr, Lew-Tabor, Alicja, and Maritz-Olivier, Christine
- Abstract
Ticks infest a variety of animal species and transmit pathogens causing disease in both humans and animals worldwide. Tick-host-pathogen interactions have evolved through dynamic processes that accommodated the genetic traits of the hosts, pathogens transmitted and the vector tick species that mediate their development and survival. New approaches for tick control are dependent on defining molecular interactions between hosts, ticks and pathogens to allow for discovery of key molecules that could be tested in vaccines or new generation therapeutics for intervention of tick-pathogen cycles. Currently, tick vaccines constitute an effective and environmentally sound approach for the control of ticks and the transmission of the associated tick-borne diseases. New candidate protective antigens will most likely be identified by focusing on proteins with relevant biological function in the feeding, reproduction, development, immune response, subversion of host immunity of the tick vector and/or molecules vital for pathogen infection and transmission. This review addresses different approaches and strategies used for the discovery of protective antigens, including focusing on relevant tick biological functions and proteins, reverse genetics, vaccinomics and tick protein evolution and interactomics. New and improved tick vaccines will most likely contain multiple antigens to control tick infestations and pathogen infection and transmission.
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- 2016
19. Interrogating RNA and protein spatial subcellular distribution in smFISH data with DypFISH
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Jan Schmoranzer, Nicolas Beaume, Mafalda R. Pimentel, Jonathan Warrell, Macha Nikolski, Anca F. Savulescu, Mikaël Boulle, Emmanuel Bouilhol, Edgar R. Gomes, Stephane Dallongeville, Fabrice Agou, Jean-Christophe Olivo-Marin, Musa M. Mhlanga, Isabela C Fortunato, Claudio A. Franco, Hayssam Soueidan, Benjamin Dartigues, Robyn Brackin, University of Cape Town, Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], Centre de Bioinformatique de Bordeaux (CBIB), CGFB, Institut de biochimie et génétique cellulaires (IBGC), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Yale University [New Haven], Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Analyse d'images biologiques - Biological Image Analysis (BIA), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Criblage chémogénomique et biologique (Plateforme) - Chemogenomic and Biological Screening Platform (PF-CCB), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), École Doctorale Bio Sorbonne Paris Cité [Paris] (ED562 - BioSPC), Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Radboud University [Nijmegen], This research has been supported by the following grants, all to M.M.M. V2YGE81 (to A.F.S.) and PG-V2KYPO7, TA 2011 011 from the Council for Industrial and Scientific Research (CSIR) (South Africa) and by a grant from the Emerging Research Area Program of The Department of Science and Technology (South Africa) Department of Science & Technology Center of Competence Grant, SA Medical Research Council SHIP grant, and CSIR Parliamentary Grant. M.M.M. and M.N. are Chan Zuckerberg Investigators of the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative – Human Cell Atlas program., We thank all members of the Gene Expression and Biophysics Laboratory (Mhlanga Lab). We thank N. Crosetto, and members of the L. Pelkmans lab, members of the J.-C. Olivo-Marin lab, K. Schauer, and members of the B. Goud lab for comments on the manuscript. A.F.S. is a recipient of a postdoctoral fellowship from the Claude Leon Foundation, South Africa., Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris], École Doctorale Bio Sorbonne Paris Cité [Paris] (ED BioSPC), Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université de Paris (UP), and Radboud university [Nijmegen]
- Subjects
Cell ,Computational biology ,[SDV.BC.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Subcellular Processes [q-bio.SC] ,Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous) ,Biochemistry ,03 medical and health sciences ,Immunolabeling ,0302 clinical medicine ,Genetics ,medicine ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,Messenger RNA ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Cellular architecture ,Chemistry ,RNA ,Microtubule organizing center ,Cell Biology ,Subcellular localization ,Computer Science Applications ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,[INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM] ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Biotechnology ,Fluorescence in situ hybridization - Abstract
International audience; Advances in single-cell RNA sequencing have allowed for the identification of cellular subtypes on the basis of quantification of the number of transcripts in each cell. However, cells might also differ in the spatial distribution of molecules, including RNAs. Here, we present DypFISH, an approach to quantitatively investigate the subcellular localization of RNA and protein. We introduce a range of analytical techniques to interrogate single-molecule RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (smFISH) data in combination with protein immunolabeling. DypFISH is suited to study patterns of clustering of molecules, the association of mRNA-protein subcellular localization with microtubule organizing center orientation, and interdependence of mRNA-protein spatial distributions. We showcase how our analytical tools can achieve biological insights by utilizing cell micropatterning to constrain cellular architecture, which leads to reduction in subcellular mRNA distribution variation, allowing for the characterization of their localization patterns. Furthermore, we show that our method can be applied to physiological systems such as skeletal muscle fibers.
- Published
- 2021
20. Sensitivity of the Cherenkov Telescope Array to a dark matter signal from the Galactic centre
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Abdalla, H., Abe, H., Abe, S., Abusleme, A., Acero, F., Acharyya, A., Acín Portella, V., Ackley, K., Adam, R., Adams, C., Adhikari, S. S., Aguado-Ruesga, I., Agudo, I., Aguilera, R., Aguirre-Santaella, A., Aharonian, F., Alberdi, A., Alfaro, R., Alfaro, J., Alispach, C., Aloisio, R., Alves Batista, R., Amans, J. -P, Amati, L., Amato, E., Ambrogi, L., Ambrosi, G., Ambrosio, M., Ammendola, R., Anderson, J., Anduze, M., Angüner, E. O., Antonelli, L. A., Antonuccio, V., Antoranz, P., Anutarawiramkul, R., Aragunde Gutierrez, J., Aramo, C., Araudo, A., Araya, M., Arbet-Engels, A., Arcaro, C., Arendt, V., Armand, C., Armstrong, T., Arqueros, F., Arrabito, L., Arsioli, B., Artero, M., Asano, K., Ascasíbar, Y., Aschersleben, J., Ashley, M., Attinà, P., Aubert, P., Singh, C. B., Baack, D., Babic, A., Backes, M., Baena, V., Bajtlik, S., Baktash, A., Balazs, C., Balbo, M., Ballester, O., Ballet, J., Balmaverde, B., Bamba, A., Bandiera, R., Baquero Larriva, A., Barai, P., Barbier, C., Barbosa Martins, V., Barcelo, M., Barkov, M., Barnard, M., Baroncelli, L., Barres Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Bastieri, D., Batista, P. I., Batkovic, I., Bauer, C., Bautista-González, R., Baxter, J., Becciani, U., Becerra González, J., Becherini, Y., Beck, G., Becker Tjus, J., Bednarek, W., Belfiore, A., Bellizzi, L., Belmont, R., Benbow, W., Berge, D., Bernardini, E., Bernardos, M. I., Bernlöhr, K., Berti, A., Berton, M., Bertucci, B., Beshley, V., Bhatt, N., Bhattacharyya, S., Bhattacharyya, W., Bi, B., Bicknell, G., Biederbeck, N., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Bird, R., Bissaldi, E., Biteau, J., Bitossi, M., Blanch, O., Blank, M., Blazek, J., Bobin, J., Boccato, C., Bocchino, F., Boehm, C., Bohacova, M., Boisson, C., Boix, J., Bolle, J. -P, Bolmont, J., Bonanno, G., Bonavolontà, C., Bonneau Arbeletche, L., Bonnoli, G., Bordas, P., Borkowski, J., Bórquez, S., Bose, R., Bose, D., Bosnjak, Z., Bottacini, E., Böttcher, M., Botticella, M. T., Boutonnet, C., Bouyjou, F., Bozhilov, V., Bozzo, E., Brahimi, L., Braiding, C., Brau-Nogué, S., Breen, S., Bregeon, J., Breuhaus, M., Brill, A., Brisken, W., Brocato, E., Brown, A. M., Brügge, K., Brun, P., Brun, F., Brunetti, L., Brunetti, G., Bruno, P., Bruno, A., Bruzzese, A., Bucciantini, N., Buckley, J., Bühler, R., Bulgarelli, A., Bulik, T., Bünning, M., Bunse, M., Burton, M., Burtovoi, A., Buscemi, M., Buschjäger, S., Busetto, G., Buss, J., Byrum, K., Caccianiga, A., Cadoux, F., Calanducci, A., Calderón, C., Calvo Tovar, J., Cameron, R., Campaña, P., Canestrari, R., Cangemi, F., Cantlay, B., Capalbi, M., Capasso, M., Cappi, M., Caproni, A., Capuzzo-Dolcetta, R., Caraveo, P., Cárdenas, V., Cardiel, L., Cardillo, M., Carlile, C., Caroff, S., Carosi, R., Carosi, A., Carquín, E., Carrère, M., Casandjian, J. -M, Casanova, S., Cascone, E., Cassol, F., Castro-Tirado, A. J., Catalani, F., Catalano, O., Cauz, D., Ceccanti, A., Celestino Silva, C., Celli, S., Cerny, K., Cerruti, M., Chabanne, E., Chadwick, P., Chai, Y., Chambery, P., Champion, C., Chandra, S., Chaty, S., Chen, A., Cheng, K., Chernyakova, M., Chiaro, G., Chiavassa, A., Chikawa, M., Chitnis, V. R., Chudoba, J., Chytka, L., Cikota, S., Circiello, A., Clark, P., Çolak, M., Colombo, E., Colome, J., Colonges, S., Comastri, A., Compagnino, A., Conforti, V., Congiu, E., Coniglione, R., Conrad, J., Conte, F., Contreras, J. L., Coppi, P., Cornat, R., Coronado-Blazquez, J., Cortina, J., Costa, A., Costantini, H., Cotter, G., Courty, B., Covino, S., Crestan, S., Cristofari, P., Crocker, R., Croston, J., Cubuk, K., Cuevas, O., Cui, X., Cusumano, G., Cutini, S., D’aì, A., D’amico, G., D’ammando, F., D’avanzo, P., Da Vela, P., Dadina, M., Dai, S., Dalchenko, M., Dall’ Ora, M., Daniel, M. K., Dauguet, J., Davids, I., Davies, J., Dawson, B., Angelis, A., Araújo Carvalho, A. E., Bony Lavergne, M., Caprio, V., Cesare, G., Frondat, F., Gouveia Dal Pino, E. M., La Calle, I., Lotto, B., Luca, A., Martino, D., Menezes, R. M., Naurois, M., Oña Wilhelmi, E., Palma, F., Persio, F., Simone, N., Souza, V., Del Santo, M., Del Valle, M. V., Delagnes, E., Deleglise, G., Delfino Reznicek, M., Delgado, C., Delgado Giler, A. G., Delgado Mengual, J., Della Ceca, R., Della Valle, M., Della Volpe, D., Depaoli, D., Depouez, D., Devin, J., Di Girolamo, T., Di Giulio, C., Di Piano, A., Di Pierro, F., Di Venere, L., Díaz, C., Díaz-Bahamondes, C., Dib, C., Diebold, S., Digel, S., Dima, R., Djannati-Ataï, A., Djuvsland, J., Dmytriiev, A., Docher, K., Domínguez, A., Dominis Prester, D., Donath, A., Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Dos Anjos, R. D. C., Dournaux, J. -L, Downes, T., Drake, G., Drass, H., Dravins, D., Duangchan, C., Duara, A., Dubus, G., Ducci, L., Duffy, C., Dumora, D., Dundas Morå, K., Durkalec, A., Dwarkadas, V. V., Ebr, J., Eckner, C., Eder, J., Ederoclite, A., Edy, E., Egberts, K., Einecke, S., Eisch, J., Eleftheriadis, C., Elsässer, D., Emery, G., Emmanoulopoulos, D., Ernenwein, J. -P, Errando, M., Escarate, P., Escudero, J., Espinoza, C., Ettori, S., Eungwanichayapant, A., Evans, P., Evoli, C., Fairbairn, M., Falceta-Goncalves, D., Falcone, A., Fallah Ramazani, V., Falomo, R., Farakos, K., Fasola, G., Fattorini, A., Favre, Y., Fedora, R., Fedorova, E., Fegan, S., Feijen, K., Feng, Q., Ferrand, G., Ferrara, G., Ferreira, O., Fesquet, M., Fiandrini, E., Fiasson, A., Filipovic, M., Fink, D., Finley, J. P., Fioretti, V., Fiorillo, D. F. G., Fiorini, M., Flis, S., Flores, H., Foffano, L., Föhr, C., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Fontaine, G., Fornieri, O., Fortin, P., Fortson, L., Fouque, N., Fournier, A., Fraga, B., Franceschini, A., Franco, F. J., Franco Ordovas, A., Freixas Coromina, L., Fresnillo, L., Fruck, C., Fugazza, D., Fujikawa, Y., Fujita, Y., Fukami, S., Fukazawa, Y., Fukui, Y., Fulla, D., Funk, S., Furniss, A., Gabella, O., Gabici, S., Gaggero, D., Galanti, G., Galaz, G., Galdemard, P., Gallant, Y., Galloway, D., Gallozzi, S., Gammaldi, V., Garcia, R., Garcia, E., García, E., Garcia López, R., Garczarczyk, M., Gargano, F., Gargano, C., Garozzo, S., Gascon, D., Gasparetto, T., Gasparrini, D., Gasparyan, H., Gaug, M., Geffroy, N., Gent, A., Germani, S., Gesa, L., Ghalumyan, A., Ghedina, A., Ghirlanda, G., Gianotti, F., Giarrusso, S., Giarrusso, M., Giavitto, G., Giebels, B., Giglietto, N., Gika, V., Gillardo, F., Gimenes, R., Giordano, F., Giovannini, G., Giro, E., Giroletti, M., Giuliani, A., Giunti, L., Gjaja, M., Glicenstein, J. -F, Gliwny, P., Godinovic, N., Göksu, H., Goldoni, P., Gómez, J. L., Gómez-Vargas, G., González, M. M., González, J. M., Gothe, K. S., Götz, D., Goulart Coelho, J., Gourgouliatos, K., Grabarczyk, T., Graciani, R., Grandi, P., Grasseau, G., Grasso, D., Green, A. J., Green, D., Green, J., Greenshaw, T., Grenier, I., Grespan, P., Grillo, A., Grondin, M. -H, Grube, J., Guarino, V., Guest, B., Gueta, O., Gündüz, M., Gunji, S., Gusdorf, A., Gyuk, G., Hackfeld, J., Hadasch, D., Haga, J., Hagge, L., Hahn, A., Hajlaoui, J. E., Hakobyan, H., Halim, A., Hamal, P., Hanlon, W., Hara, S., Harada, Y., Hardcastle, M. J., Harvey, M., Hashiyama, K., Hassan Collado, T., Haubold, T., Haupt, A., Hautmann, U. A., Havelka, M., Hayashi, K., Hayashida, M., He, H., Heckmann, L., Heller, M., Helo, J. C., Henault, F., Henri, G., Hermann, G., Hermel, R., Hernández Cadena, S., Herrera Llorente, J., Herrero, A., Hervet, O., Hinton, J., Hiramatsu, A., Hiroshima, N., Hirotani, K., Hnatyk, B., Hnatyk, R., Hoang, J. K., Hoffmann, D., Hofmann, W., Hoischen, C., Holder, J., Holler, M., Hona, B., Horan, D., Hörandel, J., Horns, D., Horvath, P., Houles, J., Hovatta, T., Hrabovsky, M., Hrupec, D., Huang, Y., Huet, J. -M, Hughes, G., Hui, D., Hull, G., Humensky, T. B., Hütten, M., Iaria, R., Iarlori, M., Illa, J. M., Imazawa, R., Impiombato, D., Inada, T., Incardona, F., Ingallinera, A., Inome, Y., Inoue, S., Inoue, T., Inoue, Y., Insolia, A., Iocco, F., Ioka, K., Ionica, M., Iori, M., Iovenitti, S., Iriarte, A., Ishio, K., Ishizaki, W., Iwamura, Y., Jablonski, C., Jacquemier, J., Jacquemont, M., Jamrozy, M., Janecek, P., Jankowsky, F., Jardin-Blicq, A., Jarnot, C., Jean, P., Jiménez Martínez, I., Jin, W., Jocou, L., Jordana, N., Josselin, M., Jouvin, L., Jung-Richardt, I., Junqueira, F. J. P. A., Juramy-Gilles, C., Jurysek, J., Kaaret, P., Kadowaki, L. H. S., Kagaya, M., Kalekin, O., Kankanyan, R., Kantzas, D., Karas, V., Karastergiou, A., Karkar, S., Kasai, E., Kasperek, J., Katagiri, H., Kataoka, J., Katarzyński, K., Katsuda, S., Katz, U., Kawanaka, N., Kazanas, D., Kerszberg, D., Khélifi, B., Kherlakian, M. C., Kian, T. P., Kieda, D. B., Kihm, T., Kim, S., Kimeswenger, S., Kisaka, S., Kissmann, R., Kleijwegt, R., Kleiner, T., Kluge, G., Kluźniak, W., Knapp, J., Knödlseder, J., Kobakhidze, A., Kobayashi, Y., Koch, B., Kocot, J., Kohri, K., Kokkotas, K., Komin, N., Kong, A., Kosack, K., Kowal, G., Krack, F., Krause, M., Krennrich, F., Krumholz, M., Kubo, H., Kudryavtsev, V., Kunwar, S., Kuroda, Y., Kushida, J., Kushwaha, P., La Barbera, A., La Palombara, N., La Parola, V., La Rosa, G., Lahmann, R., Lamanna, G., Lamastra, A., Landoni, M., Landriu, D., Lang, R. G., Lapington, J., Laporte, P., Lason, P., Lasuik, J., Lazendic-Galloway, J., Le Flour, T., Le Sidaner, P., Leach, S., Leckngam, A., Lee, S. -H, Lee, W. H., Lee, S., Leigui Oliveira, M. A., Lemière, A., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J. -P, Leone, F., Leray, V., Leto, G., Leuschner, F., Levy, C., Lindemann, R., Lindfors, E., Linhoff, L., Liodakis, I., Lipniacka, A., Lloyd, S., Lobo, M., Lohse, T., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., Lopez, A., López, M., López-Coto, R., Loporchio, S., Louis, F., Louys, M., Lucarelli, F., Lucchesi, D., Ludwig Boudi, H., Luque-Escamilla, P. L., Lyard, E., Maccarone, M. C., Maccarone, T., Mach, E., Maciejewski, A. J., Mackey, J., Madejski, G. M., Maeght, P., Maggio, C., Maier, G., Majczyna, A., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallamaci, M., Malta Nunes Almeida, R., Maltezos, S., Malyshev, D., Mandat, D., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Manicò, G., Manigot, P., Mannheim, K., Maragos, N., Marano, D., Marconi, M., Marcowith, A., Marculewicz, M., Marčun, B., Marín, J., Marinello, N., Marinos, P., Mariotti, M., Markoff, S., Marquez, P., Marsella, G., Martí, J., Martin, J. -M, Martin, P., Martinez, O., Martínez, M., Martínez, G., Martínez, O., Martínez-Huerta, H., Marty, C., Marx, R., Masetti, N., Massimino, P., Mastichiadis, A., Matsumoto, H., Matthews, N., Maurin, G., Max-Moerbeck, W., Maxted, N., Mazin, D., Mazziotta, M. N., Mazzola, S. M., Mbarubucyeye, J. D., Mc Comb, L., Mchardy, I., Mckeague, S., Mcmuldroch, S., Medina, E., Medina Miranda, D., Melandri, A., Melioli, C., Melkumyan, D., Menchiari, S., Mender, S., Mereghetti, S., Merino Arévalo, G., Mestre, E., Meunier, J. -L, Meures, T., Meyer, M., Micanovic, S., Miceli, M., Michailidis, M., Michałowski, J., Miener, T., Mievre, I., Miller, J., Minaya, I. A., Mineo, T., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Mitchell, A., Mizuno, T., Mode, B., Moderski, R., Mohrmann, L., Molina, E., Molinari, E., Teresa Montaruli, Monteiro, I., Moore, C., Moralejo, A., Morcuende-Parrilla, D., Moretti, E., Morganti, L., Mori, K., Moriarty, P., Morik, K., Morlino, G., Morris, P., Morselli, A., Mosshammer, K., Moya, P., Mukherjee, R., Muller, J., Mundell, C., Mundet, J., Murach, T., Muraczewski, A., Muraishi, H., Murase, K., Musella, I., Musumarra, A., Nagai, A., Nagar, N., Nagataki, S., Naito, T., Nakamori, T., Nakashima, K., Nakayama, K., Nakhjiri, N., Naletto, G., Naumann, D., Nava, L., Navarro, R., Nawaz, M. A., Ndiyavala, H., Neise, D., Nellen, L., Nemmen, R., Newbold, M., Neyroud, N., Ngernphat, K., Nguyen Trung, T., Nicastro, L., Nickel, L., Niemiec, J., Nieto, D., Nievas, M., Nigro, C., Nikołajuk, M., Ninci, D., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nogami, Y., Nolan, S., Nomura, R., Norris, R., Nosek, D., Nöthe, M., Novosyadlyj, B., Novotny, V., Nozaki, S., Nunio, F., O’brien, P., Obara, K., Oger, R., Ohira, Y., Ohishi, M., Ohm, S., Ohtani, Y., Oka, T., Okazaki, N., Okumura, A., Olive, J. -F, Oliver, C., Olivera, G., Olmi, B., Ong, R. A., Orienti, M., Orito, R., Orlandini, M., Orlando, S., Orlando, E., Osborne, J. P., Ostrowski, M., Otte, N., Ovcharov, E., Owen, E., Oya, I., Ozieblo, A., Padovani, M., Pagano, I., Pagliaro, A., Paizis, A., Palatiello, M., Palatka, M., Palazzi, E., Panazol, J. -L, Paneque, D., Panes, B., Panny, S., Pantaleo, F. R., Panter, M., Paoletti, R., Paolillo, M., Papitto, A., Paravac, A., Paredes, J. M., Pareschi, G., Park, N., Parmiggiani, N., Parsons, R. 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B., H??tten, M., Iarlori, M., Inada, T., Inoue, S., Iocco, F., Iori, M., Jamrozy, M., Janecek, P., Jin, W., Jouvin, L., Jurysek, J., Karukes, E., Katarzy??ski, K., Kazanas, D., Kerszberg, D., Kherlakian, M. C., Kissmann, R., Kn??dlseder, J., Kobayashi, Y., Kohri, K., Komin, N., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamanna, G., Lapington, J., Laporte, P., Leigui de Oliveira, M. A., Lenain, J., Leone, F., Leto, G., Lindfors, E., Lohse, T., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., Lopez, A., L??pez, M., L??pez-Coto, R., Loporchio, S., Luque-Escamilla, P. L., Mach, E., Maggio, C., Maier, G., Mallamaci, M., Malta Nunes de Almeida, R., Mandat, D., Manganaro, M., Mangano, S., Manic??, G., Marculewicz, M., Mariotti, M., Markoff, S., Marquez, P., Mart??, J., Martinez, O., Mart??nez, M., Mart??nez, G., Mart??nez-Huerta, H., Maurin, G., Mazin, D., Mbarubucyeye, J. D., Medina Miranda, D., Meyer, M., Miceli, M., Miener, T., Minev, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Mizuno, T., Mode, B., Moderski, R., Mohrmann, L., Molina, E., Montaruli, T., Moralejo, A., Morcuende-Parrilla, D., Morselli, A., Mukherjee, R., Mundell, C., Nagai, A., Nakamori, T., Nemmen, R., Niemiec, J., Nieto, D., Niko??ajuk, M., Ninci, D., Noda, K., Nosek, D., Nozaki, S., Ohira, Y., Ohishi, M., Ohtani, Y., Oka, T., Okumura, A., Ong, R. A., Orienti, M., Orito, R., Orlandini, M., Orlando, S., Orlando, E., Ostrowski, M., Oya, I., Pagano, I., Pagliaro, A., Palatiello, M., Pantaleo, F. R., Paredes, J. M., Pareschi, G., Parmiggiani, N., Patricelli, B., Pavleti??, L., Pe'Er, A., Pecimotika, M., P??rez-Romero, J., Persic, M., Petruk, O., Pfrang, K., Piano, G., Piatteli, P., Pietropaolo, E., Pillera, R., Pilszyk, B., Pintore, F., Pohl, M., Poireau, V., Prado, R. R., Prandini, E., Prast, J., Principe, G., Prokoph, H., Prouza, M., Przybilski, H., P??hlhofer, G., Pumo, M. L., Queiroz, F., Quirrenbach, A., Rain??, S., Rando, R., Razzaque, S., Recchia, S., Reimer, O., Reisenegger, A., Renier, Y., Rhode, W., Ribeiro, D., Rib??, M., Richtler, T., Rico, J., Rieger, F., Rinchiuso, L., Rizi, V., Rodriguez, J., Rodriguez Fernandez, G., Rodriguez Ramirez, J. C., Rojas, G., Romano, P., Romeo, G., Rosado, J., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Russo, F., Sadeh, I., S??ther Hatlen, E., Safi-Harb, S., Salesa Greus, F., Salina, G., Sanchez, D., S??nchez-Conde, M., Sangiorgi, P., Sano, H., Santander, M., Santos, E. M., Santos-Lima, R., Sanuy, A., Sarkar, S., Saturni, F. G., Sawangwit, U., Schussler, F., Schwanke, U., Sciacca, E., Scuderi, S., Seglar-Arroyo, M., Sergijenko, O., Servillat, M., Seweryn, K., Shalchi, A., Sharma, P., Shellard, R. C., Siejkowski, H., Silk, J., Siqueira, C., Sliusar, V., S??owikowska, A., Sokolenko, A., Sol, H., Spencer, S., Stamerra, A., Stani??, S., Starling, R., Stolarczyk, T., Straumann, U., Stri??kovi??, J., Suda, Y., Suomijarvi, T., wierk, P., Tavecchio, F., Taylor, L., Tejedor, L. A., Teshima, M., Testa, V., Tibaldo, L., Todero Peixoto, C. J., Tokanai, F., Tonev, D., Tosti, G., Tosti, L., Tothill, N., Truzzi, S., Travnicek, P., Vagelli, V., Vallage, B., Vallania, P., van Eldik, C., Vandenbroucke, J., Varner, G. S., Vassiliev, V., V??zquez Acosta, M., Vecchi, M., Ventura, S., Vercellone, S., Vergani, S., Verna, G., Viana, A., Vigorito, C. F., Vink, J., Vitale, V., Vorobiov, S., Vovk, I., Vuillaume, T., Wagner, S. J., Walter, R., Watson, J., Weniger, C., White, R., White, M., Wiemann, R., Wierzcholska, A., Will, M., Williams, D. A., Wischnewski, R., Yanagita, S., Yang, L., Yoshikoshi, T., Zacharias, M., Zaharijas, G., Zakaria, A. A., Zampieri, L., Zanin, R., Zaric, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zavrtanik, D., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Zechlin, H., Zhdanov, V. I., ivec, M., ITA, USA, GBR, FRA, DEU, ESP, AUT, BEL, BRA, HRV, DNK, JPN, IRL, NLD, POL, SVN, CHE, High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI), GRAPPA (ITFA, IoP, FNWI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Iocco, Fabio, Anguner, E. O., Ascasibar, Y., Bernlohr, K., Colak, M., D'Ai, A., de Angelis, A., de Caprio, V., de Cassia dos Anjos, R., de Lotto, B., de Martino, D., de Ona Wilhelmi, E., de Palma, F., Dominguez, A., Elsasser, D., Gonzalez, M. M., Hernandez Cadena, S., Horandel, J., Hutten, M., Katarzynski, K., Knodlseder, J., Lopez, M., Lopez-Coto, R., Manico, G., Marti, J., Martinez, M., Martinez, G., Martinez-Huerta, H., Nikolajuk, M., Pavletic, L., Perez-Romero, J., Puhlhofer, G., Raino, S., Ribo, M., Saether Hatlen, E., Sanchez-Conde, M., Slowikowska, A., Stanic, S., Striskovic, J., Swierk, P., Vazquez Acosta, M., Zivec, M., Consortium, The CTA, Acharyya A., Adam R., Adams C., Agudo I., Aguirre-Santaella A., Alfaro R., Alfaro J., Alispach C., Aloisio R., Alves Batista R., Amati L., Ambrosi G., Anguner E.O., Antonelli L.A., Aramo C., Araudo A., Armstrong T., Arqueros F., Asano K., Ascasibar Y., Ashley M., Balazs C., Ballester O., Baquero Larriva A., Barbosa Martins V., Barkov M., Barres de Almeida U., Barrio J.A., Bastieri D., Becerra J., Beck G., Becker Tjus J., Benbow W., Benito M., Berge D., Bernardini E., Bernlohr K., Berti A., Bertucci B., Beshley V., Biasuzzi B., Biland A., Bissaldi E., Biteau J., Blanch O., Blazek J., Bocchino F., Boisson C., Bonneau Arbeletche L., Bordas P., Bosnjak Z., Bottacini E., Bozhilov V., Bregeon J., Brill A., Bringmann T., Brown A.M., Brun P., Brun F., Bruno P., Bulgarelli A., Burton M., Burtovoi A., Buscemi M., Cameron R., Capasso M., Caproni A., Capuzzo-Dolcetta R., Caraveo P., Carosi R., Carosi A., Casanova S., Cascone E., Cassol F., Catalani F., Cauz D., Cerruti M., Chadwick P., Chaty S., Chen A., Chernyakova M., Chiaro G., Chiavassa A., Chikawa M., Chudoba J., Colak M., Conforti V., Coniglione R., Conte F., Contreras J.L., Coronado-Blazquez J., Costa A., Costantini H., Cotter G., Cristofari P., D'Ai A., D'Ammando F., Damone L.A., Daniel M.K., Dazzi F., de Angelis A., de Caprio V., de Cassia dos Anjos R., de Gouveia Dal Pino E.M., de Lotto B., de Martino D., de Ona Wilhelmi E., de Palma F., de Souza V., Delgado C., Delgado Giler A.G., della Volpe D., Depaoli D., Di Girolamo T., Di Pierro F., Di Venere L., Diebold S., Dmytriiev A., Dominguez A., Donini A., Doro M., Ebr J., Eckner C., Edwards T.D.P., Ekoume T.R.N., Elsasser D., Evoli C., Falceta-Goncalves D., Fedorova E., Fegan S., Feng Q., Ferrand G., Ferrara G., Fiandrini E., Fiasson A., Filipovic M., Fioretti V., Fiori M., Foffano L., Fontaine G., Fornieri O., Franco F.J., Fukami S., Fukui Y., Gaggero D., Galaz G., Gammaldi V., Garcia E., Garczarczyk M., Gascon D., Gent A., Ghalumyan A., Gianotti F., Giarrusso M., Giavitto G., Giglietto N., Giordano F., Giuliani A., Glicenstein J., Gnatyk R., Goldoni P., Gonzalez M.M., Gourgouliatos K., Granot J., Grasso D., Green J., Grillo A., Gueta O., Gunji S., Halim A., Hassan T., Heller M., Hernandez Cadena S., Hiroshima N., Hnatyk B., Hofmann W., Holder J., Horan D., Horandel J., Horvath P., Hovatta T., Hrabovsky M., Hrupec D., Hughes G., Humensky T.B., Hutten M., Iarlori M., Inada T., Inoue S., Iocco F., Iori M., Jamrozy M., Janecek P., Jin W., Jouvin L., Jurysek J., Karukes E., Katarzynski K., Kazanas D., Kerszberg D., Kherlakian M.C., Kissmann R., Knodlseder J., Kobayashi Y., Kohri K., Komin N., Kubo H., Kushida J., Lamanna G., Lapington J., Laporte P., Leigui de Oliveira M.A., Lenain J., Leone F., Leto G., Lindfors E., Lohse T., Lombardi S., Longo F., Lopez A., Lopez M., Lopez-Coto R., Loporchio S., Luque-Escamilla P.L., Mach E., Maggio C., Maier G., Mallamaci M., Malta Nunes de Almeida R., Mandat D., Manganaro M., Mangano S., Manico G., Marculewicz M., Mariotti M., Markoff S., Marquez P., Marti J., Martinez O., Martinez M., Martinez G., Martinez-Huerta H., Maurin G., Mazin D., Mbarubucyeye J.D., Medina Miranda D., Meyer M., Miceli M., Miener T., Minev M., Miranda J.M., Mirzoyan R., Mizuno T., Mode B., Moderski R., Mohrmann L., Molina E., Montaruli T., Moralejo A., Morcuende-Parrilla D., Morselli A., Mukherjee R., Mundell C., Nagai A., Nakamori T., Nemmen R., Niemiec J., Nieto D., Nikolajuk M., Ninci D., Noda K., Nosek D., Nozaki S., Ohira Y., Ohishi M., Ohtani Y., Oka T., Okumura A., Ong R.A., Orienti M., Orito R., Orlandini M., Orlando S., Orlando E., Ostrowski M., Oya I., Pagano I., Pagliaro A., Palatiello M., Pantaleo F.R., Paredes J.M., Pareschi G., Parmiggiani N., Patricelli B., Pavletic L., Pe'Er A., Pecimotika M., Perez-Romero J., Persic M., Petruk O., Pfrang K., Piano G., Piatteli P., Pietropaolo E., Pillera R., Pilszyk B., Pintore F., Pohl M., Poireau V., Prado R.R., Prandini E., Prast J., Principe G., Prokoph H., Prouza M., Przybilski H., Puhlhofer G., Pumo M.L., Queiroz F., Quirrenbach A., Raino S., Rando R., Razzaque S., Recchia S., Reimer O., Reisenegger A., Renier Y., Rhode W., Ribeiro D., Ribo M., Richtler T., Rico J., Rieger F., Rinchiuso L., Rizi V., Rodriguez J., Rodriguez Fernandez G., Rodriguez Ramirez J.C., Rojas G., Romano P., Romeo G., Rosado J., Rowell G., Rudak B., Russo F., Sadeh I., Saether Hatlen E., Safi-Harb S., Salesa Greus F., Salina G., Sanchez D., Sanchez-Conde M., Sangiorgi P., Sano H., Santander M., Santos E.M., Santos-Lima R., Sanuy A., Sarkar S., Saturni F.G., Sawangwit U., Schussler F., Schwanke U., Sciacca E., Scuderi S., Seglar-Arroyo M., Sergijenko O., Servillat M., Seweryn K., Shalchi A., Sharma P., Shellard R.C., Siejkowski H., Silk J., Siqueira C., Sliusar V., Slowikowska A., Sokolenko A., Sol H., Spencer S., Stamerra A., Stanic S., Starling R., Stolarczyk T., Straumann U., Striskovic J., Suda Y., Suomijarvi T., Swierk P., Tavecchio F., Taylor L., Tejedor L.A., Teshima M., Testa V., Tibaldo L., Todero Peixoto C.J., Tokanai F., Tonev D., Tosti G., Tosti L., Tothill N., Truzzi S., Travnicek P., Vagelli V., Vallage B., Vallania P., van Eldik C., Vandenbroucke J., Varner G.S., Vassiliev V., Vazquez Acosta M., Vecchi M., Ventura S., Vercellone S., Vergani S., Verna G., Viana A., Vigorito C.F., Vink J., Vitale V., Vorobiov S., Vovk I., Vuillaume T., Wagner S.J., Walter R., Watson J., Weniger C., White R., White M., Wiemann R., Wierzcholska A., Will M., Williams D.A., Wischnewski R., Yanagita S., Yang L., Yoshikoshi T., Zacharias M., Zaharijas G., Zakaria A.A., Zampieri L., Zanin R., Zaric D., Zavrtanik M., Zavrtanik D., Zdziarski A.A., Zech A., Zechlin H., Zhdanov V.I., and Zivec M.
- Subjects
Cherenkov Telescope Array ,MATÉRIA ESCURA ,scale: TeV ,Astronomy ,atmosphere [Cherenkov counter] ,dark matter experiment ,Dark matter theory ,energy resolution ,Gamma ray experiments ,Particle ,Astrophysics ,cosmic background radiation ,01 natural sciences ,7. Clean energy ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph) ,benchmark ,WIMP ,HESS ,energy: flux ,TeV [scale] ,relativistic [charged particle] ,gamma ray experiment ,MAGIC (telescope) ,Monte Carlo ,Event reconstruction ,Physics ,High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,Contraction ,spatial distribution ,track data analysis ,density [dark matter] ,Clumpy ,Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,imaging ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,dark matter experiments ,dark matter theory ,gamma ray experiments ,galaxy morphology ,Dark matter experiments ,Física nuclear ,VERITAS ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Simulations ,noise ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Dark matter ,satellite ,Cosmic background radiation ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Annihilation ,dark matter: density ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,Cherenkov counter: atmosphere ,heavy [dark matter] ,annihilation [dark matter] ,GLAST ,Galaxy morphology ,cosmic radiation [p] ,0103 physical sciences ,Cherenkov [radiation] ,Candidates ,ddc:530 ,AGN ,Cherenkov radiation ,Radiative Processes ,thermal [cross section] ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Física ,dark matter: annihilation ,Gamma-Ray Signals ,dark matter ,Galactic Center ,TeV gamma-ray astronomy ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Mass ,radiation: Cherenkov ,sensitivity ,MAGIC ,Galaxy ,Astronomía ,dark matter: heavy ,gamma ray ,p: cosmic radiation ,[PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph] ,correlation ,charged particle: relativistic ,flux [energy] ,galaxy ,supersymmetry ,[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph] ,cross section: thermal - Abstract
Full list of authors: Acharyya, A.; Adam, R.; Adams, C.; Agudo, I.; Aguirre-Santaella, A.; Alfaro, R.; Alfaro, J.; Alispach, C.; Aloisio, R.; Alves Batista, R.; Amati, L.; Ambrosi, G.; Angüner, E. O.; Antonelli, L. A.; Aramo, C.; Araudo, A.; Armstrong, T.; Arqueros, F.; Asano, K.; Ascasíbar, Y. Ashley, M.; Balazs, C.; Ballester, O.; Baquero Larriva, A.; Barbosa Martins, V.; Barkov, M.; Barres de Almeida, U.; Barrio, J. A.; Bastieri, D.; Becerra, J.; Beck, G.; Becker Tjus, J.; Benbow, W.; Benito, M.; Berge, D.; Bernardini, E.; Bernlöhr, K.; Berti, A.; Bertucci, B.; Beshley, V.; Biasuzzi, B.; Biland, A.; Bissaldi, E.; Biteau, J.; Blanch, O.; Blazek, J.; Bocchino, F.; Boisson, C.; Bonneau Arbeletche, L.; Bordas, P.; Bosnjak, Z.; Bottacini, E.; Bozhilov, V.; Bregeon, J.; Brill, A.; Bringmann, T.; Brown, A. M.; Brun, P.; Brun, F.; Bruno, P.; Bulgarelli, A.; Burton, M.; Burtovoi, A.; Buscemi, M.; Cameron, R.; Capasso, M.; Caproni, A.; Capuzzo-Dolcetta, R.; Caraveo, P.; Carosi, R.; Carosi, A.; Casanova, S.; Cascone, E.; Cassol, F.; Catalani, F.; Cauz, D.; Cerruti, M.; Chadwick, P.; Chaty, S.; Chen, A.; Chernyakova, M.; Chiaro, G.; Chiavassa, A.; Chikawa, M.; Chudoba, J.; Çolak, M.; Conforti, V.; Coniglione, R.; Conte, F.; Contreras, J. L.; Coronado-Blazquez, J.; Costa, A.; Costantini, H.; Cotter, G.; Cristofari, P.; D'Aimath, A.; D'Ammando, F.; Damone, L. A.; Daniel, M. K.; Dazzi, F.; De Angelis, A.; De Caprio, V.; de Cássia dos Anjos, R.; de Gouveia Dal Pino, E. M.; De Lotto, B.; De Martino, D.; de Oña Wilhelmi, E.; De Palma, F.; de Souza, V.; Delgado, C.; Delgado Giler, A. G.; della Volpe, D.; Depaoli, D.; Di Girolamo, T.; Di Pierro, F.; Di Venere, L.; Diebold, S.; Dmytriiev, A.; Domínguez, A.; Donini, A.; Doro, M.; Ebr, J.; Eckner, C.; Edwards, T. D. P.; Ekoume, T. R. N.; Elsässer, D.; Evoli, C.; Falceta-Goncalves, D.; Fedorova, E.; Fegan, S.; Feng, Q.; Ferrand, G.; Ferrara, G.; Fiandrini, E.; Fiasson, A.; Filipovic, M.; Fioretti, V.; Fiori, M.; Foffano, L.; Fontaine, G.; Fornieri, O.; Franco, F. J.; Fukami, S.; Fukui, Y.; Gaggero, D.; Galaz, G.; Gammaldi, V.; Garcia, E.; Garczarczyk, M.; Gascon, D.; Gent, A.; Ghalumyan, A.; Gianotti, F.; Giarrusso, M.; Giavitto, G.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Giuliani, A.; Glicenstein, J.; Gnatyk, R.; Goldoni, P.; González, M. M.; Gourgouliatos, K.; Granot, J.; Grasso, D.; Green, J.; Grillo, A.; Gueta, O.; Gunji, S.; Halim, A.; Hassan, T.; Heller, M.; Hernández Cadena, S.; Hiroshima, N.; Hnatyk, B.; Hofmann, W.; Holder, J.; Horan, D.; Hörandel, J.; Horvath, P.; Hovatta, T.; Hrabovsky, M.; Hrupec, D.; Hughes, G.; Humensky, T. B.; Hütten, M.; Iarlori, M.; Inada, T.; Inoue, S.; Iocco, F.; Iori, M.; Jamrozy, M.; Janecek, P.; Jin, W.; Jouvin, L.; Jurysek, J.; Karukes, E.; Katarzyński, K.; Kazanas, D.; Kerszberg, D.; Kherlakian, M. C.; Kissmann, R.; Knödlseder, J.; Kobayashi, Y.; Kohri, K.; Komin, N.; Kubo, H.; Kushida, J.; Lamanna, G.; Lapington, J.; Laporte, P.; Leigui de Oliveira, M. A.; Lenain, J.; Leone, F.; Leto, G.; Lindfors, E.; Lohse, T.; Lombardi, S.; Longo, F.; Lopez, A.; López, M.; López-Coto, R.; Loporchio, S.; Luque-Escamilla, P. L.; Mach, E.; Maggio, C.; Maier, G.; Mallamaci, M.; Malta Nunes de Almeida, R.; Mandat, D.; Manganaro, M.; Mangano, S.; Manicò, G.; Marculewicz, M.; Mariotti, M.; Markoff, S.; Marquez, P.; Martí, J.; Martinez, O.; Martínez, M.; Martínez, G.; Martínez-Huerta, H.; Maurin, G.; Mazin, D.; Mbarubucyeye, J. D.; Medina Miranda, D.; Meyer, M.; Miceli, M.; Miener, T.; Minev, M.; Miranda, J. M.; Mirzoyan, R.; Mizuno, T.; Mode, B.; Moderski, R.; Mohrmann, L.; Molina, E.; Montaruli, T.; Moralejo, A.; Morcuende-Parrilla, D.; Morselli, A.; Mukherjee, R.; Mundell, C.; Nagai, A.; Nakamori, T.; Nemmen, R.; Niemiec, J.; Nieto, D.; Nikołajuk, M.; Ninci, D.; Noda, K.; Nosek, D.; Nozaki, S.; Ohira, Y.; Ohishi, M.; Ohtani, Y.; Oka, T.; Okumura, A.; Ong, R. A.; Orienti, M.; Orito, R.; Orlandini, M.; Orlando, S.; Orlando, E.; Ostrowski, M.; Oya, I.; Pagano, I.; Pagliaro, A.; Palatiello, M.; Pantaleo, F. R.; Paredes, J. M.; Pareschi, G.; Parmiggiani, N.; Patricelli, B.; Pavletić, L.; Pe'er, A.; Pecimotika, M.; Pérez-Romero, J.; Persic, M.; Petruk, O.; Pfrang, K.; Piano, G.; Piatteli, P.; Pietropaolo, E.; Pillera, R.; Pilszyk, B.; Pintore, F.; Pohl, M.; Poireau, V.; Prado, R. R.; Prandini, E.; Prast, J.; Principe, G.; Prokoph, H.; Prouza, M.; Przybilski, H.; Pühlhofer, G.; Pumo, M. L.; Queiroz, F.; Quirrenbach, A.; Rainò, S.; Rando, R.; Razzaque, S.; Recchia, S.; Reimer, O.; Reisenegger, A.; Renier, Y.; Rhode, W.; Ribeiro, D.; Ribó, M.; Richtler, T.; Rico, J.; Rieger, F.; Rinchiuso, L.; Rizi, V.; Rodriguez, J.; Rodriguez Fernandez, G.; Rodriguez Ramirez, J. C.; Rojas, G.; Romano, P.; Romeo, G.; Rosado, J.; Rowell, G.; Rudak, B.; Russo, F.; Sadeh, I.; Sæther Hatlen, E.; Safi-Harb, S.; Salesa Greus, F.; Salina, G.; Sanchez, D.; Sánchez-Conde, M.; Sangiorgi, P.; Sano, H.; Santander, M.; Santos, E. M.; Santos-Lima, R.; Sanuy, A.; Sarkar, S.; Saturni, F. G.; Sawangwit, U.; Schussler, F.; Schwanke, U.; Sciacca, E.; Scuderi, S.; Seglar-Arroyo, M.; Sergijenko, O.; Servillat, M.; Seweryn, K.; Shalchi, A.; Sharma, P.; Shellard, R. C.; Siejkowski, H.; Silk, J.; Siqueira, C.; Sliusar, V.; Słowikowska, A.; Sokolenko, A.; Sol, H.; Spencer, S.; Stamerra, A.; Stanič, S.; Starling, R.; Stolarczyk, T.; Straumann, U.; Strišković, J.; Suda, Y.; Suomijarvi, T.; Świerk, P.; Tavecchio, F.; Taylor, L.; Tejedor, L. A.; Teshima, M.; Testa, V.; Tibaldo, L.; Todero Peixoto, C. J.; Tokanai, F.; Tonev, D.; Tosti, G.; Tosti, L.; Tothill, N.; Truzzi, S.; Travnicek, P.; Vagelli, V.; Vallage, B.; Vallania, P.; van Eldik, C.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Varner, G. S.; Vassiliev, V.; Vázquez Acosta, M.; Vecchi, M.; Ventura, S.; Vercellone, S.; Vergani, S.; Verna, G.; Viana, A.; Vigorito, C. F.; Vink, J.; Vitale, V.; Vorobiov, S.; Vovk, I.; Vuillaume, T.; Wagner, S. J.; Walter, R.; Watson, J.; Weniger, C.; White, R.; White, M.; Wiemann, R.; Wierzcholska, A.; Will, M.; Williams, D. A.; Wischnewski, R.; Yanagita, S.; Yang, L.; Yoshikoshi, T.; Zacharias, M.; Zaharijas, G.; Zakaria, A. A.; Zampieri, L.; Zanin, R.; Zaric, D.; Zavrtanik, M.; Zavrtanik, D.; Zdziarski, A. A.; Zech, A.; Zechlin, H.; Zhdanov, V. I.; Živec, M.-- This is an open access article published by IOP Publishing Ltd on behalf of Sissa Medialab. Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI., We provide an updated assessment of the power of the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) to search for thermally produced dark matter at the TeV scale, via the associated gamma-ray signal from pair-annihilating dark matter particles in the region around the Galactic centre. We find that CTA will open a new window of discovery potential, significantly extending the range of robustly testable models given a standard cuspy profile of the dark matter density distribution. Importantly, even for a cored profile, the projected sensitivity of CTA will be sufficient to probe various well-motivated models of thermally produced dark matter at the TeV scale. This is due to CTA's unprecedented sensitivity, angular and energy resolutions, and the planned observational strategy. The survey of the inner Galaxy will cover a much larger region than corresponding previous observational campaigns with imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. CTA will map with unprecedented precision the large-scale diffuse emission in high-energy gamma rays, constituting a background for dark matter searches for which we adopt state-of-the-art models based on current data. Throughout our analysis, we use up-to-date event reconstruction Monte Carlo tools developed by the CTA consortium, and pay special attention to quantifying the level of instrumental systematic uncertainties, as well as background template systematic errors, required to probe thermally produced dark matter at these energies. © 2021 The Author(s)., We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the following agencies and organisations: State Committee of Science of Armenia, Armenia; The Australian Research Council, Astronomy Australia Ltd, The University of Adelaide, Australian National University, Monash University, The University of New South Wales, The University of Sydney, Western Sydney University, Australia; Federal Ministry of Education, Science and Research, and Innsbruck University, Austria; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq), Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP), Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovations and Communications (MCTIC), and Instituto Serrapilheira, Brasil; Ministry of Education and Science, National RI Roadmap Project DO1-153/28.08.2018, Bulgaria; The Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and the Canadian Space Agency, Canada; CONICYT-Chile grants CATA AFB 170002, ANID PIA/APOYO AFB 180002, ACT 1406, FONDECYT-Chile grants, 1161463, 1170171, 1190886, 1171421, 1170345, 1201582, Gemini-ANID 32180007, Chile; Croatian Science Foundation, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Osijek, University of Rijeka, University of Split, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, Croatia; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports, MEYS LM2015046, LM2018105, LTT17006, EU/MEYS CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001403, CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/18_046/0016007 and CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000754, Czech Republic; Academy of Finland (grant nr.317636, 320045, 317383 and 320085), Finland; Ministry of Higher Education and Research, CNRS-INSU and CNRS-IN2P3, CEA-Irfu, ANR, Regional Council Ile de France, Labex ENIGMASS, OSUG2020, P2IO and OCEVU, France; Max Planck Society, BMBF, DESY, Helmholtz Association, Germany; Department of Atomic Energy, Department of Science and Technology, India; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), MIUR, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF-OABRERA) Grant Fondazione Cariplo/Regione Lombardia ID 2014-1980/RST_ERC, Italy; ICRR, University of Tokyo, JSPS, MEXT, Japan; Netherlands Research School for Astronomy (NOVA), Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), Netherlands; University of Oslo, Norway; Ministry of Science and Higher Education, DIR/WK/2017/12, the National Centre for Research and Development and the National Science Centre, UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00583, Poland; Slovenian Research Agency, grants P1-0031, P1-0385, I0-0033, J1-9146, J1-1700, N1-0111, and the Young Researcher program, Slovenia; South African Department of Science and Technology and National Research Foundation through the South African Gamma-Ray Astronomy Programme, South Africa; The Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and the Spanish Research State Agency (AEI) through grants AYA2016-79724-C4-1-P, AYA2016-80889-P, AYA2016-76012-C3-1-P, BES-2016-076342, ESP2017-87055-C2-1-P, FPA2017-82729-C6-1-R, FPA2017-82729-C6-2-R, FPA2017-82729-C6-3-R, FPA2017-82729-C6-4-R, FPA2017-82729-C6-5-R, FPA2017-82729-C6-6-R, PGC2018-095161-B-I00, PGC2018-095512-B-I00; the \Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa"program through grants no. SEV-2015-0548, SEV-2016-0597, SEV-2016-0588, SEV-2017-0709; the "Unidad de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu" program through grant no. MDM-2015-0509; the "Ramon y Cajal" programme through grants RYC-2013-14511, RyC-2013-14660, RYC-2017-22665; and the MultiDark Consolider Network FPA2017-90566-REDC. Atraccion de Talento contract no. 2016-T1/TIC-1542 granted by the Comunidad de Madrid; the "Postdoctoral Junior Leader Fellowship" programme from La Caixa Banking Foundation, grants no. LCF/BQ/LI18/11630014 and LCF/BQ/PI18/11630012; the "Programa Operativo" FEDER2014-2020, Consejeria de Economia y Conocimiento de la Junta de Andalucia (ref. 1257737), PAIDI 2020 (ref. P18-FR-1580), and Universidad de Jaen; the Spanish AEI EQC2018-005094-P FEDER 2014-2020; the European Union's "Horizon 2020" research and innovation programme under Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 665919; and the ESCAPE project with grant no. GA:824064, Spain; Swedish Research Council, Royal Physiographic Society of Lund, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, The Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC) at Lunarc (Lund), Sweden; State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) and Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), Switzerland; Durham University, Leverhulme Trust, Liverpool University, University of Leicester, University of Oxford, Royal Society, Science and Technology Facilities Council, U.K.; U.S. National Science Foundation, U.S. Department of Energy, Argonne National Laboratory, Barnard College, University of California, University of Chicago, Columbia University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Institute for Nuclear and Particle Astrophysics (INPAC-MRPI program), Iowa State University, the Smithsonian Institution, Washington University McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, The University of Wisconsin and the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation, U.S.A. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreements No 262053 and No 317446. This project is receiving funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programs under agreement No 676134.
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- 2022
21. The Impact of 'Wine Country of Origin' on the Perception of Wines by South African and French Wine Consumers: A Cross-Cultural Comparison
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Jordi Ballester, Ina Smith, Helene Nieuwoudt, Florian Bauer, Ronan Symoneaux, Carlo Valente, Dominique Valentin, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] (CSGA), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Stellenbosch University, Ecole supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA), Chenin Blanc Association, This research was funded by the National Research Foundation South Africa (NRF), Winetech South Africa Project IWBTW17-01, Department of Science and Technology, South Africa, Chenin Blanc Association (CBA). South African Grape andWine Research Institute, Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Stellenbosch University., and Maria-Pilar Sáenz Navajas and Mónica Bueno
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[SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology ,Health (social science) ,030309 nutrition & dietetics ,representation ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Plant Science ,TP1-1185 ,Chenin wine ,Health Professions (miscellaneous) ,Microbiology ,Article ,consumers ,03 medical and health sciences ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,Perception ,Social representation ,Food choice ,country of origin ,media_common ,Wine ,0303 health sciences ,Chemical technology ,Advertising ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Word Association ,040401 food science ,Cross-cultural studies ,categorization ,Country of origin ,Geography ,Categorization ,[SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition ,Food Science - Abstract
International audience; Culture is an important factor that influences how marketing interacts with food choice. This study aims at exploring the effect of consumers’ Country of Origin (COO) on wine representations and perception using Chenin blanc as a model. The first objective was to evaluate the role of origin in the construction of the representation. We used the theoretical framework of social representation to compare South African (SA) and French consumers’ representations via a word association task. The results indicated that SA representations are dominated by consumers’ experience of the wine (sensory and emotional dimensions), whereas French representations are dominated by the wine itself, in particular its origin and mode of consumption. The second objective was to evaluate the effect of origin on wine categorization in two conditions: with and without information concerning the two geographical origins of the samples. Results showed that providing information on the origin of the wines affected French participants more than SA participants. In both conditions, the groups of wines formed in the sorting tasks by SA participants were based on sensory descriptors and appeared not to be impacted by the information on origin. In contrast, providing information on the origin of the wines to French participants led to an increased use of the words “Loire”, “South Africa” and “familiar” suggesting a different sorting strategy more deliberately based on the origin of the wines. Our findings have important implications for the marketing and export activities within the wine industry.
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- 2021
22. Reproductive ecology of the bird-pollinated Nicotiana glauca across native and introduced ranges with contrasting pollination environments
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Eduardo Andrés Issaly, Anton Pauw, Andrea Aristides Cocucci, Santiago Benitez-Vieyra, Anna Traveset, Valeria Paiaro, Alicia Noemi Sersic, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (Argentina), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), and Department of Science and Technology (South Africa)
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Sunbirds ,0106 biological sciences ,Plant invasion ,HUMMINGBIRDS ,Pollination ,Herkogamy ,Range (biology) ,Reproductive assurance ,SELF-POLLINATION ,Biology ,PLANT INVASION ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Ciencias Biológicas ,Open pollination ,REPRODUCTIVE ASSURANCE ,Pollinator ,SUNBIRDS ,Self-pollination ,Hummingbirds ,Nectar ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Ecology ,Reproductive success ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Pollinator exclusion experiment ,Ecología ,HERKOGAMY ,CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS - Abstract
Introduced plants become decoupled from their usual pollinators and by relying on resident pollinator species or other reproductive strategies become established in new areas, spread and, eventually, invade. Here, using breeding system experiments, we studied the reproductive biology of the bird-pollinated South American species Nicotiana glauca across native and non-native areas, both inside and outside the range of flower-visiting birds. In the native range, where the species is visited by hummingbirds, open cross-pollinated flowers set as many seeds and almost as many fruits as open pollination controls, suggesting that pollinators make a major contribution to reproductive success. In South Africa, the flowers were pollinated by sunbirds which, although less efficiently, also contributed to N. glauca reproduction, replacing hummingbirds. In contrast, in Mallorca, where nectar feeding birds are absent, fruit production in open cross-pollinated flowers was near zero, and significantly lower than in open pollination controls, suggesting that reproduction is almost entirely by autonomous self-pollination. Hand-pollination experiments showed that the species is self-compatible throughout its range. Pollinator exclusion experiment showed that N. glauca relies on self-pollination only in pollinator poor areas, where plants have a much higher capacity for autonomous self-pollination than elsewhere. A reduction in anther-stigma distance does not seem to account the higher self-pollination capacity in the non-native environment without pollinators. Despite probable evolutionary adaptation, and flexibility in pollinator association and mating system, seed production in the introduced range was somewhat pollen limited, suggesting that the mismatch between N. glauca and its novel pollination environment might retard invasion., Funding for this research was provided by the National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET), the National Ministry of Science and Technology of Argentina, the Department of Science and Technology of South Africa and the Spanish Research Council (CSIC).
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- 2019
23. PACT. II. Pressure profiles of galaxy clusters using Planck and ACT
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J. F. Macías-Pérez, Marian Douspis, Jose M. Diego, G. Hurier, Nabila Aghanim, Tobias A. Marriage, Hector Bravo-Alfaro, Devin Crichton, César A. Caretta, I. Santiago-Bautista, Mathieu Remazeilles, Etienne Pointecouteau, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), European Research Council, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), European Commission, South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, National Research Foundation (South Africa), Department of Science and Technology (South Africa), European Organization for Nuclear Research, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES)
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Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Large-scale structure of universe ,clusters: intracluster medium [Galaxies] ,Astrophysics ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,clusters: intracluster medium ,large-scale structure of Universe ,X-rays: galaxies: clusters [galaxies] ,01 natural sciences ,symbols.namesake ,0103 physical sciences ,Range (statistics) ,Planck ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,Galaxy cluster ,Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics ,media_common ,Physical quantity ,Physics ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Galaxy ,Space and Planetary Science ,Sky ,X-rays: galaxies: clusters ,Atacama Cosmology Telescope ,symbols ,galaxies: clusters [X-rays] ,Halo ,[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph] ,Galaxies: clusters: intracluster medium ,Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics - Abstract
The pressure of hot gas in groups and clusters of galaxies is a key physical quantity, which is directly linked to the total mass of the halo and several other thermodynamical properties. In the wake of previous observational works on the hot gas pressure distribution in massive halos, we have investigated a sample of 31 clusters detected in both the Planck and Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT), MBAC surveys. We made use of an optimised Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) map reconstructed from the two data sets and tailored for the detection of the SZ effect, taking advantage of both Planck coverage of large scales and the ACT higher spatial resolution. Our average pressure profile covers a radial range going from 0.04 × R500 in the central parts to 2.5 × R500 in the outskirts. In this way, it improves upon previous pressure-profile reconstruction based on SZ measurements. It is compatible, as well as competitive, with constraints derived from joint X-ray and SZ analysis. This work demonstrates the possibilities offered by large sky surveys of the SZ effect with multiple experiments with different spatial resolutions and spectral coverages, such as ACT and Planck., Astronomy & Astrophysics, 651, ISSN:0004-6361, ISSN:1432-0746
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- 2021
24. Additional evidence on the efficacy of different Akirin vaccines assessed on Anopheles arabiensis (Diptera: Culicidae)
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Lizette L. Koekemoer, Yael Dahan-Moss, Ingrid Linnekugel, Marinela Contreras, Blaženka D. Letinić, José de la Fuente, National Research Foundation (South Africa), Department of Science and Technology (South Africa), and South African Medical Research Council
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0301 basic medicine ,Male ,Vacunas ,Aedes albopictus ,Mosquito Control ,030231 tropical medicine ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,Mice ,0302 clinical medicine ,Antigen ,law ,parasitic diseases ,Anopheles ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Subolesin ,Recombinant proteins ,Mice, Inbred BALB C ,Vaccines ,Vaccines, Synthetic ,biology ,Research ,Reproduction ,Insect Bites and Stings ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Vaccine efficacy ,Virology ,Vector control ,Malaria ,030104 developmental biology ,Infectious Diseases ,Immunisation ,Parasitology ,Vector (epidemiology) ,Akirin ,Inmunización ,Recombinant DNA ,Insect Proteins ,Female ,Arthropod Vector ,Transcription Factors - Abstract
[Background]: Anopheles arabiensis is an opportunistic malaria vector that rests and feeds outdoors, circumventing current indoor vector control methods. Furthermore, this vector will readily feed on both animals and humans. Targeting this vector while feeding on animals can provide an additional intervention for the current vector control activities. Previous results have displayed the efficacy of using Subolesin/Akirin ortholog vaccines for the control of multiple ectoparasite infestations. This made Akirin a potential antigen for vaccine development against An. arabiensis., [Methods]: The efficacy of three antigens, namely recombinant Akirin from An. arabiensis, recombinant Akirin from Aedes albopictus, and recombinant Q38 (Akirin/Subolesin chimera) were evaluated as novel interventions for An. arabiensis vector control. Immunisation trials were conducted based on the concept that mosquitoes feeding on vaccinated balb/c mice would ingest antibodies specific to the target antigen. The antibodies would interact with the target antigen in the arthropod vector, subsequently disrupting its function., [Results]: All three antigens successfully reduced An. arabiensis survival and reproductive capacities, with a vaccine efficacy of 68–73%., [Conclusions]: These results were the first to show that hosts vaccinated with recombinant Akirin vaccines could develop a protective response against this outdoor malaria transmission vector, thus providing a step towards the development of a novel intervention for An. arabiensis vector control., This project was supported by funding from the National Research Foundation (NRF) Competitive Programme for Rated Researchers (CPRR), Incentive Funding (UID; 85538), and the DST/NRF Research Chair Initiative grant awarded to L.L.K. (UID: 64763), as well as the Medical Faculty Research Endowment Fund awarded to B.D.L, and funding Y.D.M. from the South African Medical Research Council—Self-Initiated Research Grant.
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- 2021
25. H.E.S.S. detection of very high-energy γ-ray emission from the quasar PKS 0736+017
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Collaboration, H. E. S. S., Abdalla, H., Adam, R., Aharonian, F., Benkhali, F. Ait, Angüner, E. O., Arakawa, M., Arcaro, C., Armand, C., Ashkar, H., Backes, M., Martins, V. Barbosa, Barnard, M., Becherini, Y., Berge, D., Bernlöhr, K., Blackwell, R., Böttcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., Bonnefoy, S., Bregeon, J., Breuhaus, M., Brun, F., Brun, P., Bryan, M., Büchele, M., Bulik, T., Bylund, T., Capasso, M., Caroff, S., Carosi, A., Casanova, S., Cerruti, M., Chand, T., Chandra, S., Chen, A., Colafrancesco, S., Curylo, M., Davids, I. D., Deil, C., Devin, J., deWilt, P., Dirson, L., Djannati-Ataï, A., Dmytriiev, A., Donath, A., Doroshenko, V., Drury, L. O'C., Dyks, J., Egberts, K., Emery, G., Ernenwein, J. -P., Eschbach, S., Feijen, K., Fegan, S., Fiasson, A., Fontaine, G., Funk, S., Füßling, M., Gabici, S., Gallant, Y. A., Gaté, F., Giavitto, G., Glawion, D., Glicenstein, J. F., Gottschall, D., Grondin, M. -H., Hahn, J., Haupt, M., Heinzelmann, G., Henri, G., Hermann, G., Hinton, J. A., Hofmann, W., Hoischen, C., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., Horns, D., Huber, D., Iwasaki, H., Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, D., Jankowsky, F., Jardin-Blicq, A., Jung-Richardt, I., Kastendieck, M. A., Katarzynski, K., Katsuragawa, M., Katz, U., Khangulyan, D., Khélifi, B., King, J., Klepser, S., Kluzniak, W., Komin, Nu., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Kraus, M., Lamanna, G., Lau, J., Lemière, A., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J. -P., Leser, E., Levy, C., Lohse, T., Lypova, I., Mackey, J., Majumdar, J., Malyshev, D., Marandon, V., Marcowith, A., Mares, A., Mariaud, C., Martí-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Maurin, G., Meintjes, P. J., Mitchell, A. M. W., Moderski, R., Mohamed, M., Mohrmann, L., Muller, J., Moore, C., Moulin, E., Murach, T., Nakashima, S., de Naurois, M., Ndiyavala, H., Niederwanger, F., Niemiec, J., Oakes, L., O'Brien, P., Odaka, H., Ohm, S., Wilhelmi, E. de Oña, Ostrowski, M., Oya, I., Panter, M., Parsons, R. D., Perennes, C., Petrucci, P. -O., Peyaud, B., Piel, Q., Pita, S., Poireau, V., Noel, A. Priyana, Prokhorov, D. A., Prokoph, H., Pühlhofer, G., Punch, M., Quirrenbach, A., Raab, S., Rauth, R., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Remy, Q., Renaud, M., Rieger, F., Rinchiuso, L., Romoli, C., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Sahakian, V., Saito, S., Sanchez, D. A., Santangelo, A., Sasaki, M., Schlickeiser, R., Schüssler, F., Schulz, A., Schutte, H., Schwanke, U., Schwemmer, S., Seglar-Arroyo, M., Senniappan, M., Seyffert, A. S., Shafi, N., Shiningayamwe, K., Simoni, R., Sinha, A., Sol, H., Specovius, A., Spir-Jacob, M., Stawarz, L., Steenkamp, R., Stegmann, C., Steppa, C., Takahashi, T., Tavernier, T., Taylor, A. M., Terrier, R., Tiziani, D., Tluczykont, M., Trichard, C., Tsirou, M., Tsuji, N., Tuffs, R., Uchiyama, Y., van der Walt, D. J., van Eldik, C., van Rensburg, C., van Soelen, B., Vasileiadis, G., Veh, J., Venter, C., Vincent, P., Vink, J., Voisin, F., Völk, H. J., Vuillaume, T., Wadiasingh, Z., Wagner, S. J., White, R., Wierzcholska, A., Yang, R., Yoneda, H., Zacharias, M., Zanin, R., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Ziegler, A., Zorn, J., Zywucka, N., Smith, P. S., Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [Zeuthen] (DESY), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (IPMU), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, H.E.S.S. Collaboration, 26598973 - Abdalla, Hassan, 30588766 - Arcaro, Cornelia, 28644743 - Backes, Michael, 20574266 - Barnard, Monica, 24420530 - Böttcher, Markus, 30366755 - Chand, Tej B., 31125417 - Chandra, Sunil, 26403366 - Ndiyavala, Hambeleleni, 22799133 - Schutte, Hester M., 20126999 - Seyffert, Albertus Stefanus, 10060499 - Van der Walt, Diederick Johannes, 12006653 - Venter, Christo, 26594080 - Wadiasingh, Zorawar, 29092086 - Zacharias, Michael, 34208968 - Zywucka-Hejzner, Natalia, 21106266 - Van Rensburg, Carlo, H. E. S. S. Collaboration, University of Namibia, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Max Planck Society, German Research Foundation, Helmholtz Association, Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Ministre de l'Enseignement Supérieur, de la Recherche et de l'Innovation (France), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Commissariat à l'Ènergie Atomique et aux Ènergies Alternatives (France), Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK), Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, National Science Centre (Poland), Department of Science and Technology (South Africa), National Research Foundation (South Africa), National Commission on Research Science and Technology (Namibia), Federal Ministry of Education, Science and Research (Austria), Austrian Science Fund, Australian Research Council, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, University of Amsterdam, La Caixa, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The University of Tokyo, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France, Faculty of Science, High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI), Gravitation and Astroparticle Physics Amsterdam, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)
- Subjects
quasars: individual: PKS 0736+017 ,VHE [gamma ray] ,torus ,Astrophysics ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,Raigs gamma ,Observatory ,law ,HESS ,optical ,Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,relativistic processes ,Physics ,High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,photon ,collimator ,Relativistic processes ,Gamma ray ,Particle physics ,observatory ,Lorentz factor ,astroparticle physics ,symbols ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Lorentz ,Flare ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,general [Gamma rays] ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,GLAST ,Telescope ,symbols.namesake ,emission [gamma ray] ,0103 physical sciences ,quasar ,Quasars ,Cherenkov radiation ,Quàsars ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Gamma rays ,opacity ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Quasar ,gamma rays: general ,doubling ,individual: PKS 0736+017 [Quasars] ,flux ,monitoring ,Cherenkov counter ,13. Climate action ,Space and Planetary Science ,ddc:520 ,HESS - Abteilung Hinton ,Astroparticle physics ,Física de partícules ,[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph] ,Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope - Abstract
[Context] Flat-spectrum radio-quasars (FSRQs) are rarely detected at very high energies (E 100 GeV) due to their low-frequency-peaked spectral energy distributions. At present, only six FSRQs are known to emit very high-energy (VHE) photons, representing only 7% of the VHE extragalactic catalog, which is largely dominated by high-frequency-peaked BL Lacertae objects., [Aims] Following the detection of MeV–GeV γ-ray flaring activity from the FSRQ PKS 0736+017 (z = 0.189) with Fermi-LAT, the H.E.S.S. array of Cherenkov telescopes triggered target-of-opportunity (ToO) observations on February 18, 2015, with the goal of studying the γ-ray emission in the VHE band., [Methods] H.E.S.S. ToO observations were carried out during the nights of February 18, 19, 21, and 24, 2015. Together with Fermi-LAT, the multi-wavelength coverage of the flare includes Swift observations in soft X-ray and optical-UV bands, and optical monitoring (photometry and spectro-polarimetry) by the Steward Observatory, and the ATOM, the KAIT, and the ASAS-SN telescopes., [Results] VHE emission from PKS 0736+017 was detected with H.E.S.S. only during the night of February 19, 2015. Fermi-LAT data indicate the presence of a γ-ray flare, peaking at the time of the H.E.S.S. detection, with a flux doubling timescale of around six hours. The γ-ray flare was accompanied by at least a 1 mag brightening of the non-thermal optical continuum. No simultaneous observations at longer wavelengths are available for the night of the H.E.S.S. detection. The γ-ray observations with H.E.S.S. and Fermi-LAT are used to put constraints on the location of the γ-ray emitting region during the flare: it is constrained to be just outside the radius of the broad-line region rBLR with a bulk Lorentz factor Γ ≃ 20, or at the level of the radius of the dusty torus rtorus with Γ ≃ 60., [Conclusions] PKS 0736+017 is the seventh FSRQ known to emit VHE photons, and at z = 0.189 is the nearest so far. The location of the γ-ray emitting region during the flare can be tightly constrained thanks to opacity, variability, and collimation arguments., The support of the Namibian authorities and of the University of Namibia in facilitating the construction and operation of H.E.S.S. is gratefully acknowledged, as is the support by the German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF), the Max Planck Society, the German Research Foundation (DFG), the Helmholtz Association, the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, the French Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation, the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS/IN2P3 and CNRS/INSU), the Commissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, the National Science Centre, Poland grant no. 2016/22/M/ST9/00382, the South African Department of Science and Technology and National Research Foundation, the University of Namibia, the National Commission on Research, Science and Technology of Namibia (NCRST), the Austrian Federal Ministry of Education, Science and Research and the Austrian Science Fund (FWF), the Australian Research Council (ARC), the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science and by the University of Amsterdam. We appreciate the excellent work of the technical support staff in Berlin, Zeuthen, Heidelberg, Palaiseau, Paris, Saclay, Tübingen and in Namibia in the construction and operation of the equipment. This work benefited from services provided by the H.E.S.S. Virtual Organisation, supported by the national resource providers of the EGI Federation. The CC-IN2P3 (cc.in2p3.fr) is gratefully acknowledged for providing a significant amount of the computing resources and services needed for this work. Part of this work is based on archival data, software or online services provided by the Space Science Data Center – ASI. Blazar observations at Steward Observatory are funded though NASA/Fermi Guest Investigator Program grant NNX15AU81G. Matteo Cerruti has received financial support through the Postdoctoral Junior Leader Fellowship Programme from la Caixa Banking Foundation (LCF/BQ/PI18/11630012). The authors would like to thank the anonymous referee, whose constructive comments significantly improved the manuscript.
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- 2020
26. A comparative framework to support an ecosystem approach to fisheries in a global context
- Author
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Christopher P. Lynam, Astrid Jarre, Lynne J. Shannon, E.M. Lockerbie, Marta Coll, Department of Science and Technology (South Africa), National Research Foundation (South Africa), Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (UK), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), and Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Decision support system ,decision support ,Computer science ,QH301-705.5 ,Decision trees ,Decision tree ,Context (language use) ,01 natural sciences ,comparative assessment ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Ecosystem approach ,Code (cryptography) ,Indicators ,Biology (General) ,QH540-549.5 ,decision trees ,Ecology ,Data science ,indicators ,Decision support ,010601 ecology ,Ecosystem approach to fisheries ,Comparative assessment ,ecosystem approach to fisheries ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
15 pages, 2 figures, 4 tables, 1 appendix.-- The data/code that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author, [E.M.L.]. The data/code are not publicly available because of ongoing research, Although an ecosystem approach to fisheries has been recognized as a means of progressing toward sustainable fishing, successful implementation of this approach has been limited. However, one way in which progress has been made is through the use of suites of indicators. Decision tree frameworks can be used to incorporate trends in ecological, fishing, and environmental indicators into ecosystem assessments. A relatively generic decision tree framework has been developed and successfully applied to multiple ecosystems. This framework incorporates trends in indicators, as well as the impacts of fishing pressure and environmental variability on ecological indicators in order to assess the state of each ecosystem. The inclusion of ecosystem expert knowledge from the outset ensures trends are correctly interpreted and allows analyses to contribute to global comparisons in a robust and meaningful manner. Although ecological and environmental indicators are well developed, those addressing the human dimensions of marine ecosystems are less so. This framework holds the potential to incorporate such indicators in order to fully assess marine ecosystems in a comparative context. Such assessments could help ensure food security from marine resources into the future as well as ensuring the well-being of coastal communities. Here critical review of the potential value of this framework has been conducted, with its usefulness emphasized in the similarities it holds, and in the contribution it could make, to current global methods of ecosystem assessments, This study was funded by the South African Scientific Research Chair Initiative, of the Department of Science and Technology and administered by the National Research Foundation (NRF), through the chair in Marine Ecology and Fisheries. C.L. was supported by the Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs of the UK (project MF1228 “Physics to Fisheries”). M.C. was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitively through the project PELWEB (I+D+I 2018-2020), With the funding support of the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S), of the Spanish Research Agency (AEI)
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- 2020
27. H.E.S.S. And Fermi -LAT observations of PSR B1259-63/LS 2883 during its 2014 and 2017 periastron passages
- Author
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Abdalla, H., Cerruti, M., Bordas, P., H.E.S.S. Collaboration, University of Namibia, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Max Planck Society, German Research Foundation, Helmholtz Association, Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Ministre de l'Enseignement Supérieur, de la Recherche et de l'Innovation (France), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Commissariat à l'Ènergie Atomique et aux Ènergies Alternatives (France), Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK), Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, National Science Centre (Poland), Department of Science and Technology (South Africa), National Research Foundation (South Africa), National Commission on Research Science and Technology (Namibia), Federal Ministry of Education, Science and Research (Austria), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, and University of Amsterdam
- Subjects
non-thermal [Radiation mechanisms] ,general [Binaries] ,general [Pulsars] ,Astroparticle physics ,general [Shock wavesγ-rays] - Abstract
[Context] PSR B1259–63/LS 2883 is a gamma-ray binary system consisting of a pulsar in an eccentric orbit around a bright Oe stellar-type companion star that features a dense circumstellar disc. The bright broad-band emission observed at phases close to periastron offers a unique opportunity to study particle acceleration and radiation processes in binary systems. Observations at gamma-ray energies constrain these processes through variability and spectral characterisation studies. [Aims] The high- and very-high-energy (HE, VHE) gamma-ray emission from PSR B1259–63/LS 2883 around the times of its periastron passage are characterised, in particular, at the time of the HE gamma-ray flares reported to have occurred in 2011, 2014, and 2017. Short-term and average emission characteristics of PSR B1259–63/LS 2883 are determined. Super-orbital variability is searched for in order to investigate possible cycle-to-cycle VHE flux changes due to different properties of the companion star’s circumstellar disc and/or the conditions under which the HE gamma-ray flares develop. [Methods] Spectra and light curves were derived from observations conducted with the H.E.S.S-II array in 2014 and 2017. Phase-folded light curves are compared with the results obtained in 2004, 2007, and 2011. Fermi-LAT observations from 2010/11, 2014, and 2017 are analysed. [Results] A local double-peak profile with asymmetric peaks in the VHE light curve is measured, with a flux minimum at the time of periastron tp and two peaks coinciding with the times at which the neutron star crosses the companion’s circumstellar disc (~tp ± 16 d). A high VHE gamma-ray flux is also observed at the times of the HE gamma-ray flares (~tp + 30 d) and at phases before the first disc crossing (~tp − 35 d). The spectral energy range now extends to below 200 GeV and up to ~45 TeV. [Conclusions] PSR B1259–63/LS 2883 displays periodic flux variability at VHE gamma-rays without clear signatures of super-orbital modulation in the time span covered by the monitoring of the source with the H.E.S.S. telescopes. This flux variability is most probably caused by the changing environmental conditions, particularly at times close to periastron passage at which the neutron star is thought to cross the circumstellar disc of the companion star twice. In contrast, the photon index remains unchanged within uncertainties for about 200 d around periastron. At HE gamma-rays, PSR B1259–63/LS 2883 has now been detected also before and after periastron, close to the disc crossing times. Repetitive flares with distinct variability patterns are detected in this energy range. Such outbursts are not observed at VHEs, although a relatively high emission level is measured. The spectra obtained in both energy regimes displays a similar slope, although a common physical origin either in terms of a related particle population, emission mechanism, or emitter location is ruled out. The support of the Namibian authorities and of the University of Namibia in facilitating the construction and operation of H.E.S.S. is gratefully acknowledged, as is the support by the German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF), the Max Planck Society, the German Research Foundation (DFG), the Helmholtz Association, the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, the French Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation, the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS/IN2P3 and CNRS/INSU), the Commissariat a l’Énergie atomique et aux Énergies alternatives (CEA), the U.K. Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, the National Science Centre, Poland grant no. 2016/22/M/ST9/00382, the South African Department of Science and Technology and National Research Foundation, the University of Namibia, the National Commission on Research, Science & Technology of Namibia (NCRST), the Austrian Federal Ministry of Education, Science and Research and the Austrian Science Fund (FWF), the Australian Research Council (ARC), the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science and by the University of Amsterdam. We appreciate the excellent work of the technical support staff in Berlin, Zeuthen, Heidelberg, Palaiseau, Paris, Saclay, Tübingen and in Namibia in the construction and operation of the equipment. This work benefitted from services provided by the H.E.S.S. Virtual Organisation, supported by the national resource providers of the EGI Federation.
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- 2020
28. Is variation in flower shape and length among native and non-native populations of Nicotiana glauca a product of pollinator-mediated selection?
- Author
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Alicia Noemi Sersic, Santiago Benitez-Vieyra, Macarena García, Valeria Paiaro, Andrea Aristides Cocucci, Anna Traveset, Federico Sazatornil, Anton Pauw, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (Argentina), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (Argentina), Fondo para la Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (Argentina), Department of Science and Technology (South Africa), and Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España)
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,GEOMETRIC MORPHOMETRICS ,Pollination ,HUMMINGBIRDS ,Range (biology) ,Population ,Zoology ,SELF-POLLINATION ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Ciencias Biológicas ,03 medical and health sciences ,Pollinator ,Self-pollination ,biology.animal ,SUNBIRDS ,Nectar ,education ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,education.field_of_study ,biology ,fungi ,food and beverages ,Ecología ,030104 developmental biology ,PHENOTYPIC SELECTION ,Animal ecology ,Hummingbird ,CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS - Abstract
Due to drastic changes in pollinators between native and invaded habitats, we might expect that pollinator-mediated selection on floral traits of alien plants differ from that in their native ranges. Here, through geometric morphometric tools and phenotypic selection analyses, we examined whether adaptation in flower shape and length occurred in Nicotiana glauca as a response to pollinator selection in contrasting pollination environments. We assessed populations of this plant species in the native range (South America), where plants depend on hummingbird pollination, and in two invaded areas, one where sunbirds act as pollinators (South Africa), and another where nectar feeding birds are absent and reproduction is entirely by autonomous self-pollination (Mallorca, Spain). Corolla length and shape varied significantly among pollination environments. Non-native sites were less variable and their range of variation fell within the native range of variation. Flower length in native populations and in a South African population matched the bill length of their respective pollinators. In contrast with the straight floral tubes in the native range, both non-native areas had significantly curved tubes. Curvature may improve the fit with the curved bills of sunbirds in South Africa (versus straight beaks of hummingbirds) and may enhance self-pollination in Mallorca, but this similarity between invaded areas may equally be due to drift and a shared colonization route. We found spatial variation in selection acting on corolla length but not on corolla shape. Overall, selection patterns were not consistent with floral trait variation. Although some results are consistent with both drift and selection, our study suggests that population divergence in flower shape and length is more likely the result of long-term diversifying pollinator-driven selection, which is difficult to detect by studying a single selection event., AAC, ANS, SBV and VP acknowledge the National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET) and the Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC) as researchers. This work was supported by FONCyT (PICT 2015-3089; PICT-2011-0837) to ANS, the Department of Science and Technology of South Africa (438 75946) and the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (CGL2013-44386-P).
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- 2020
29. Assessing the changing biodiversity of exploited marine ecosystems
- Author
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Lynne J. Shannon, Marta Coll, Department of Science and Technology (South Africa), National Research Foundation (South Africa), and European Commission
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0106 biological sciences ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Environmental change ,business.industry ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Environmental resource management ,Biodiversity ,General Social Sciences ,15. Life on land ,01 natural sciences ,GeneralLiterature_MISCELLANEOUS ,Natural (archaeology) ,ComputingMilieux_GENERAL ,Marine biodiversity ,Geography ,13. Climate action ,Sustainability ,Marine ecosystem ,Ecosystem ,14. Life underwater ,business ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Ecosystem level ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
Special issue: Environmental change issues.-- 9 pages, 3 figures, 3 tables, Marine biodiversity and ecosystem functioning have changed and are continuing to change in marine ecosystems across the world. These changes are driven by human interactions with the environment and ecosystems, as well as by natural environmental change, both locally (at the ecosystem level) and globally. This paper draws on published research, in particular that using ecosystem indicators to identify, assess and compare changes in biodiversity of exploited marine ecosystems across the globe. We use our results to reflect on the sustainability of our changing exploited marine ecosystems and consider ways forward to incorporate this information in decision making processes, LJS is grateful for funding and the support of the South African Research Chair Initiative (SARChI), funded through the South African Department of Science and Technology (DST) and administered by the South African National Research Foundation (NRF) and hosted by the University of Cape Town. MC was partially funded by the European Union's Horizon research program grant agreement No. 689518 for the MERCES project
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- 2017
30. PACT. I. Combining ACT and Planck data for improved extraction of tSZ signal
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Marian Douspis, J. F. Macías-Pérez, Jose M. Diego, Nabila Aghanim, Devin Crichton, E. Soubrié, Tobias A. Marriage, Matthew Hasselfield, G. Hurier, Mathieu Remazeilles, Etienne Pointecouteau, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), European Research Council, European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, National Research Foundation (South Africa), and Department of Science and Technology (South Africa)
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Cosmic background radiation ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,Astrophysics ,clusters: general [Galaxies] ,01 natural sciences ,Signal ,symbols.namesake ,Methods: data analysis ,0103 physical sciences ,Planck ,Linear combination ,observations [Cosmology] ,data analysis [Methods] ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,Physics ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Noise (signal processing) ,Cosmology: observations ,Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Space and Planetary Science ,Atacama Cosmology Telescope ,symbols ,Substructure ,Galaxies: clusters: general ,Degeneracy (mathematics) ,Algorithm - Abstract
We present the optimal reconstruction of the thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (tSZ) effect signal based on the combination of a heterogeneous dataset consisting of Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) and Planck data, with different numbers of channels, angular resolutions, and noise levels. We combine both datasets using two different approaches, a matched multifilter (MMF) technique and an optimized internal linear combination (ILC). We show that when applying the MMF to the combination of ACT and Planck data, the size-flux degeneracy is reduced and the signal-to-noise of clusters detected with their Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) signal improves by up to a factor of three. In the case of the optimized ILC method, we show that the tSZ map is reconstructed with a resolution of ¿1.5 arcmin. This is more than a factor two improvement compared with the Planck resolution, and with a very good control of noise, meaning that it is limited only by the intrinsic noise of the individual experiments. The combination of ACT and Planck data offers a unique opportunity to improve on the study of the pressure profiles and to study substructure in clusters through their tSZ., The authors acknowledge partial funding from the DIM-ACAV and the Agence Nationale de la Recherche under grant ANR-11-BS56-015. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the H2020 Programme ERC grant agreement no 695561. JMD acknowledges support from project AYA2015-64508-P (MINECO/FEDER, UE) funded by the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad. DC acknowledges support from the South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, which is a facility of the National Research Foundation, an agency of the Department of Science and Technology
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- 2019
31. The specificity of marine ecological indicators to fishing in the face of environmental change: A multi-model evaluation
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Caihong Fu, Miriana Sporcic, Jennifer E. Houle, Hervé Demarcq, Julia L. Blanchard, Ekin Akoglu, Alida Bundy, Yunne-Jai Shin, Lynne J. Shannon, Marta Coll, Baris Salihoglu, Johanna J. Heymans, Laure Velez, Elizabeth A. Fulton, UMR 212 EME 'écosystèmes marins exploités' (EME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e di Oceanografia Sperimentale (OGS), Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies and Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), Population Ecology Division, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie]), CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, CISRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Centre for Marine Socio-ecology, Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Marine Research Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Ecologie des systèmes marins côtiers (Ecosym), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Research Foundation (South Africa), Fondation pour la Recherche sur la Biodiversité, European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Department of Science and Technology (South Africa), Natural Environment Research Council (UK), Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (UK), and Australian Government
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0106 biological sciences ,Environmental change ,[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes ,Fishing ,General Decision Sciences ,Climate change ,Marine ecosystem models ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Phytoplankton biomass ,Signil-to-noise ratio ,[SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems ,Scenarios ,Ecosystem ,Indicator performance ,14. Life underwater ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Ecosystem health ,Ecology ,business.industry ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Environmental resource management ,Ecosystem approach to fisheries ,Ecological indicator ,13. Climate action ,Environmental science ,Signal-to-noise ratio ,Fisheries management ,sense organs ,Multi-model evaluation ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,business - Abstract
Shin, Yunne-Jai ... et al.-- This is a contribution to the IndiSeas Working Group, co-funded by IOC-UNESCO and the Euromarine Consortium in 2015.-- 10 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables, supplementary data https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.01.010, Ecological indicators are widely used to characterise ecosystem health. In the marine environment, indicators have been developed to assess the ecosystem effects of fishing to support an ecosystem approach to fisheries. However, very little work on the performance and robustness of ecological indicators has been carried out. An important aspect of robustness is that indicators should respond specifically to changes in the pressures they are designed to detect (e.g. fishing) rather than changes in other drivers (e.g. environment). We adopted a multi-model approach to compare and test the specificity of commonly used ecological indicators to capture fishing effects in the presence of environmental change and under different fishing strategies. We tested specificity in the presence of two types of environmental change: “random” representing interannual climate variability and “directional” representing climate change. We used phytoplankton biomass as a proxy of the environmental conditions, as this driver was comparable across all ecosystem models, then applied a signal-to-noise ratio analysis to test the specificity of indicators with random environmental change. For directional change, we used mean gradients to apportion the quantity of change in the indicators due to fishing and the environment. We found that depending on the fishing strategy and environmental change, ecological indicators could range from high to low specificity to fishing. As expected, the specificity of indicators to fishing almost always decreased as environmental variability increased. In 55–76% of the scenarios run with directional change in phytoplankton biomass across fishing strategies and ecosystem models, indicators were significantly more responsive to changes in fishing than to changes in phytoplankton biomass. This important result makes the tested ecological indicators good candidates to support fisheries management in a changing environment. Among the indicators, the catch over biomass ratio was most often the most specific indicator to fishing, whereas mean length was most often the most sensitive to change in phytoplankton biomass. However, the responses of indicators were highly variable depending on the ecosystem and fishing strategy under consideration. We therefore recommend that indicators should be tested in the particular ecosystem before they are used for monitoring and management purposes, L.J.S was supported through the South African Research Chair Initiative, funded through the South African Department of Science and Technology and administered by the South African National Research Foundation. J.E.H., L.V., and Y.J.S were funded by the EMIBIOS project (FRB Fondation pour la Recherche sur la Biodiversité, contract n°APP-SCEN-2010-II). J.E.H. was supported by a Beaufort Marine Research Award carried out under the Sea Change Strategy and the Strategy for Science Technology and Innovation (2006–2013), with the support of the Marine Institute, funded under the Marine Research Sub-Programme of the Irish National Development Plan 2007–2013. L.J.S and Y.J.S. were funded by the European project MEECE (FP7, contract n°212085). M.C. was supported by a Marie Curie CIG grant to BIOWEB project and the Spanish Research Program Ramon y Cajal. Funding from CSIRO and the Australian Fisheries Research and Development Corporation on behalf of the Australian Government supported the development of Atlantis-SE. J.J.H was supported by the UK Natural Environment Research Council and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs under the project MERP: Grant No. NE/L003279/1, Marine Ecosystems Research Programme
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- 2018
32. Risky business : the combined effects of fishing and changes in primary productivity on fish communities
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Yunne-Jai Shin, Ekin Akoglu, Philippe Verley, Elizabeth A. Fulton, Caihong Fu, Jennifer E. Houle, Emma John, Laure Velez, Arnaud Grüss, Marta Coll, Lynne J. Shannon, Morgane Travers-Trolet, Alida Bundy, Johanna J. Heymans, Fisheries Laboratory, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR 212 EME 'écosystèmes marins exploités' (EME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Population Ecology Division, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, CISRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Centre for Marine Socio-ecology, University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e di Oceanografia Sperimentale (OGS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie]), Marine Research Institute, University of Cape Town, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CISRO Oceans and Atmosphere [Hobart], University of Tasmania (UTAS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), Écologie et Modèles pour l'Halieutique (EMH), Université de Montpellier (UM), Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS), University of Miami [Coral Gables], Southeast Fisheries Science Center (SEFC), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Department of Oceanography [Cape Town], CSIRO Marine and Atmosphere Research [Hobart], Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies and Centre for Marine Socioecology, Middle East Technical University [Ankara] (METU), Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), Ecopath International Initiative Research Association, Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS), Department of Animal and Plant Sciences [Sheffield], University of Sheffield [Sheffield], Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (France), National Research Foundation (South Africa), Natural Environment Research Council (UK), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (US), Beaufort Marine Research Award, Department of Science and Technology (South Africa), Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (UK), Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Irish Government, and European Commission
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0106 biological sciences ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Natural resource economics ,[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes ,Fishing ,01 natural sciences ,[SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems ,Combined effect ,Multiple drivers ,Marine ecosystem ,Ecosystem ,14. Life underwater ,Stock (geology) ,Primary productivity ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Ecological Modeling ,Stressor ,Synergism ,Cumulative effects ,Meta-analysis ,13. Climate action ,Environmental science ,Fisheries management ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology - Abstract
Fu, Caihong ... et al.-- This is a contribution to the IndiSeas Working Group, co-funded by IOC-UNESCO (www.ioc-unesco.org) and EuroMarine (http://www.euromarinenetwork.eu) and to the project EMIBIOS (FRB, contract no. APP-SCEN-2010-II).-- 12 pages, 8 figures, 1 table, supplementary data https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2017.12.003, There is an increasing need to understand ecosystem responses to multiple stressors in that such complex responses depend not only on species-level responses, but also on species interactions and ecosystem structure. In this study, we used a multi-model ecosystem simulation approach to explore the combined effects of fishing and primary productivity on different components of the food-web across a suite of ecosystems and a range of model types. Simulations were carried out under different levels of primary productivity and various fishing scenarios. In addition to exploring synergistic, additive or antagonistic combined effects of multiple stressors, we included a fourth category “dampened”, which refers to less negative or less positive impacts compared to additive ones, and in contrast to previous studies, we explicitly considered the direction (positive or negative) of the combined effects. We focused on two specific combined effects (negative synergism and positive dampened) associated with the risk of resultant lower fish biomass than expected under additive effects. Through a meta-analysis of the multi-models' simulation results, we found that (i) the risk of negative synergism was generally higher for low-trophic-level (LTL) taxa, implying that following an increase of fishing pressure on a given LTL stock, the subsequent decrease of biomass under low primary productivity would be larger than expected under additive effects and (ii) the risk of positive dampened effects was generally higher for high-trophic-level (HTL) taxa, implying that given a management measure aimed at reducing the impact of fishing on HTL stocks, the subsequent rebuilding of these stocks would be slower than expected. Our approach to categorizing and exploring cumulative effects can be applied to evaluate other community properties, and provide guidance for fisheries management, The work on Canada West Coast ecosystem was sponsored by Fisheries & Oceans Canada under the Aquatic Climate Change and Adaptation Services Program. YJS, MTT, LV, and PV were supported by the project EMIBIOS (FRB, contract no. APP-SCEN-2010-II). AG was supported by NOAA’s Integrated Ecosystem Assessment (IEA) program (http://www.noaa.gov/iea/); LJS was supported by IRD, France, and through the South African Research Chair Initiative, funded through the South African Department of Science and Technology (DST) and administered by the South African National Research Foundation (NRF). JEH was supported by a Beaufort Marine Research Award carried out under the Sea Change Strategy and the Strategy for Science Technology and Innovation (2006–2013), with the support of the Marine Institute, funded under the Marine Research Sub-Programme of the Irish National Development Plan 2007–2013. MC was supported by the Marie Curie Career Integration Grant Fellowships – PCIG10-GA-2011-303534 – to the BIOWEB project. JJH was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs under the project MERP: grant number NE/L003279/1, Marine Ecosystems Research Programme. All other authors were supported by their respective affiliations
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- 2018
33. The many faces of mobility: Using bibliometric data to measure the movement of scientists
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Vincent Larivière, Dakota Murray, Rodrigo Costas, Cassidy R. Sugimoto, Nicolás Robinson-García, Alfredo Yegros-Yegros, Department of Science and Technology (South Africa), National Research Foundation (South Africa), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), and Université de Montréal. Faculté des arts et des sciences. École de bibliothéconomie et des sciences de l'information
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FOS: Computer and information sciences ,Measure (data warehouse) ,Scientific mobility ,Movement (music) ,Computer Science - Digital Libraries ,Library and Information Sciences ,Brain drain ,Data science ,Country of origin ,Computer Science Applications ,Brain circulation ,Country level ,Institutional affiliation ,Bibliometrics ,Taxonomy (general) ,Political science ,Science policy ,Digital Libraries (cs.DL) ,International mobility ,Period (music) - Abstract
This paper presents a methodological framework for developing scientific mobility indicators based on bibliometric data. We identify nearly 16 million individual authors from publications covered in the Web of Science for the 2008-2015 period. Based on the information provided across individuals' publication records, we propose a general classification for analyzing scientific mobility using institutional affiliation changes. We distinguish between migrants--authors who have ruptures with their country of origin--and travelers--authors who gain additional affiliations while maintaining affiliation with their country of origin. We find that 3.7 percent of researchers who have published at least one paper over the period are mobile. Travelers represent 72.7 percent of all mobile scholars, but migrants have higher scientific impact. We apply this classification at the country level, expanding the classification to incorporate the directionality of scientists' mobility (i.e., incoming and outgoing). We provide a brief analysis to highlight the utility of the proposed taxonomy to study scholarly mobility and discuss the implications for science policy., Comment: Paper accepted for publication in Journal of Informetrics
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- 2018
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34. The use of indicators for decision support in northwestern Mediterranean Sea fisheries
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Lynne J. Shannon, Astrid Jarre, Marta Coll, E.M. Lockerbie, National Research Foundation (South Africa), Department of Science and Technology (South Africa), and European Commission
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0106 biological sciences ,Supplementary data ,Decision support system ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Aquatic Science ,Oceanography ,01 natural sciences ,Fishery ,Mediterranean sea ,Geography ,Fisheries management ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
14 pages, 4 figures, 5 tables, supplementary data https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2017.04.003.-- This study is a contribution to the project ECOTRANS (CTM2011-26333, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Spain), The Mediterranean Sea is an enclosed basin, with narrow connections to the Atlantic Ocean via the Strait of Gibraltar, to the Red Sea via the Suez Canal and to the Black Sea via the Bosphorus Strait. This results in restricted exchange between the water masses, with considerable consequences for both circulation and productivity in the Mediterranean basin. Along with the confined nature of the basin this creates the potential for the impacts of climate change to be even more rapid (Calvo et al., 2012). The Mediterranean Sea exhibits high levels of biodiversity, containing an estimated 7% of the world's marine species and with 67% of these species found in the western basin (Link et al., 2010; Calvo et al., 2012), This project is supported by South African Scientific Research Chair Initiative, which is funded through the South African Department of Science and Technology and administered by the South African National Research Foundation (NRF) (65238). MC was partially funded by the European Commission through the Marie Curie Career Integration Grant Fellowships – PCIG10-GA-2011-303534 - to the BIOWEB project
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- 2017
35. Ecosystem indicators-accounting for variability in species’ trophic levels
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Arnaud Grüss, Marta Coll, Jodie Reed, François Le Loc'h, Caihong Fu, Jennifer E. Houle, Laure Velez, Emma John, Lynne J. Shannon, Baris Salihoglu, Philippe Verley, Alida Bundy, Ekin Akoglu, Johanna J. Heymans, Elizabeth A. Fulton, Ghassen Halouani, Yunne-Jai Shin, Fondation pour la Recherche sur la Biodiversité, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (France), Department of Science and Technology (South Africa), National Research Foundation (South Africa), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (US), and Natural Environment Research Council (UK)
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0106 biological sciences ,Ecology ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Fishing ,Fishing scenarios ,Aquatic Science ,Fishing effects ,Trophic level-based indicators ,Oceanography ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Food web ,Fishery ,Environmental science ,Marine ecosystem ,Ecosystem ,14. Life underwater ,Specific model ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Ecosystem indicators ecosystem models ,Trophic level - Abstract
Reed, Jodie ... et al.-- 12 pages, 4 figures, supplementary data and supplementary material https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsw150, Trophic level (TL)-based indicators are commonly used to track the ecosystem effects of fishing as the selective removal of organisms from the food web may result in changes to the trophic structure of marine ecosystems. The use of a fixed TL per species in the calculation of TL-based indicators has been questioned, given that species’ TLs vary with ontogeny, as well as over time and space. We conducted a model-based assessment of the performance of fixed TL-based indicators vs. variable TL-based indicators for tracking the effects of fishing pressure. This assessment considered three TL-based indicators (the trophic level of the landed catch (TLc), the marine trophic index (MTI) and the trophic level of the surveyed community (TLsc)), three fishing scenarios that targeted specific model groups (the low TL scenario (LTL), the high TL scenario (HTL) and a scenario encompassing broad-scale exploitation (ALL)) and ten contrasting marine ecosystems with four types of ecosystem modelling approaches that differ in their structure and assumptions. Results showed that, overall, variable TL-based indicators have a greater capacity for detecting the effects of fishing pressure than fixed TL-based indicators. Across TL-based indicators, TLsc displayed the most consistent response to fishing whether fixed or variable species' TLs were used, as well as the highest capacity for detecting fishing effects. This result supports previous studies that promote the use of survey-based indicators over catch-based indicators to explore the impacts of fishing on the structure of marine ecosystems. Across fishing scenarios, the low trophic level fishing scenario (LTL) resulted in the lowest consistency between fixed and variable TL-based indicator responses and the lowest capacity of TL-based indicators for detecting fishing effects. Overall, our results speak to the need for caution when interpreting TL-based indicator trends, and knowledge of the broader context, such as fishing strategies and exploitation history, This study was funded by Euromarine and the EMIBIOS project (FRB Fondation pour la Recherche sur la Biodiversité, Contract no. APP-SCEN-2010-II). JR was funded by the French-South African ICEMASA program and IRD. LS was supported through the South African Research Chair Initiative, funded through the South African Department of Science and Technology (DST) and administered by the South African National Research Foundation (NRF), as well as through additional funding granted by IRD. AG was supported by NOAA’s Integrated Ecosystem Assessment (IEA) programme (http://www.noaa.gov/iea/). GH was funded by IRD-DPF PhD fellowships program of the Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD). JEH was supported by a Beaufort Marine Research Award carried out under the Sea Change Strategy and the Strategy for Science Technology and Innovation (2006–2013), with the support of the Marine Institute, funded under the Marine Research Sub-Programme of the Irish National Development Plan 2007–2013. JJH was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs under the project MERP: Grant no. NE/L003279/1, Marine Ecosystems Research Programme
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- 2017
36. Towards a second generation of ‘social media metrics’: Characterizing Twitter communities of attention around science
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Timothy D. Bowman, Adrián A. Díaz-Faes, Rodrigo Costas, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), National Research Foundation (South Africa), and Department of Science and Technology (South Africa)
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Male ,Computer and Information Sciences ,Sociology of scientific knowledge ,Facebook ,Research Quality Assessment ,Science ,Twitter ,Social Sciences ,Bibliometrics ,Research and Analysis Methods ,050905 science studies ,Sociology ,Humans ,Attention ,Social media ,Social Research ,Altmetrics ,Multidisciplinary ,Information Dissemination ,Scientometrics ,05 social sciences ,Social Communication ,Research Assessment ,Data science ,Communications ,Confirmatory factor analysis ,Social research ,Social Networks ,Medicine ,Female ,Science studies ,0509 other social sciences ,050904 information & library sciences ,Social Media ,Network Analysis ,Research Article - Abstract
© 2019 Díaz-Faes et al., ‘Social media metrics’ are bursting into science studies as emerging new measures of impact related to scholarly activities. However, their meaning and scope as scholarly metrics is still far from being grasped. This research seeks to shift focus from the consideration of social media metrics around science as mere indicators confined to the analysis of the use and visibility of publications on social media to their consideration as metrics of interaction and circulation of scientific knowledge across different communities of attention, and particularly as metrics that can also be used to characterize these communities. Although recent research efforts have proposed tentative typologies of social media users, no study has empirically examined the full range of Twitter user’s behavior within Twitter and disclosed the latent dimensions in which activity on Twitter around science can be classified. To do so, we draw on the overall activity of social media users on Twitter interacting with research objects collected from the Altmetic.com database. Data from over 1.3 million unique users, accounting for over 14 million tweets to scientific publications, is analyzed. Based on an exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, four latent dimensions are identified: ‘Science Engagement’, ‘Social Media Capital’, ‘Social Media Activity’ and ‘Science Focus’. Evidence on the predominant type of users by each of the four dimensions is provided by means of VOSviewer term maps of Twitter profile descriptions. This research breaks new ground for the systematic analysis and characterization of social media users’ activity around science., AADF is currently supported by a Juan de la Cierva-Formación postdoctoral grant (FJCI-2015-23699) from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and benefited from a visiting stay at the Centre for Science and Technology Studies (CWTS) funded by the 'Call for visit to RISIS Facilities' – Research Infrastructure for Science and Innovation Policy Studies, in February 2018. RC was partially funded by the South African DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Scientometrics and Science, Technology and Innovation Policy (SciSTIP).
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- 2019
37. The harlequin ladybird, Harmonia axyridis: global perspectives on invasion history and ecology
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Alexandra Magro, Artur Gil, A.J.M. Loomans, Cang Hui, Katie M. Murray, Sandra Viglášová, Paul S. van Wielink, Axel Vandereycken, Arnaud Estoup, Susana Clusella-Trullas, Benoit Facon, Annette Herz, May-Guri Saethre, Zdenka Martinkova, Richard Comont, Isabel Borges, Dirk Maes, Sergey K. Ryndevich, Thomas Guillemaud, Helen E. Roy, António O. Soares, Marina J. Orlova-Bienkowskaja, Mary M. Gardiner, Alexander Ok Lukashuk, Tim Adriaens, William D. Hutchison, Ingrid A. Minnaar, Patrick De Clercq, John J. Sloggett, Peter M. J. Brown, Alois Honek, Marc Kenis, Audrey A. Grez, Hans Peter Ravn, Tania Zaviezo, Nick Berkvens, Wolfgang Rabitsch, Danny Haelewaters, Riaan Stals, Zihua Zhao, Ján Kulfan, John E. Losey, Peter Zach, Andy G. Howe, Eric Lombaert, I. A. Zakharov, Lori Lawson Handley, Oldrich Nedved, Robert L. Koch, Steph L. Rorke, Matthew C. Tinsley, Gabriele Rondoni, René Eschen, Naoya Osawa, Edward W. Evans, Gilles San Martin, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Wallingford] (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Anglia Ruskin University (ARU), Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Research Institute for Agricultural, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), University of the Azores, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c) / Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores, Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, Açores, Stellenbosch University, Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Bumblebee Conservation Trust, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Department of Crop Protection, Centre for Agricultural and Biosciences International Europe - Switzerland (CABI Europe - Switzerland), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Utah State University (USU), Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Universidad de Chile = University of Chile [Santiago] (UCHILE), Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology [Cambridge] (OEB), Harvard University [Cambridge], Julius Kühn-Institut - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants (JKI), Crop Res Inst, Div Crop Genet & Breeding, Prague, Czech Republic, Partenaires INRAE, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management [Copenhagen] (IGN), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, University of Minnesota System, Institute of Forest Ecology - SAS, University of Hull [United Kingdom], National Plant Protection Organization (NPPO), Cornell University [New York], Berezinskiy Biosphere Reserve, Belarus, Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, University of Stirling, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre, Department of Botany and Zoology, Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology, University of South Bohemia, Institute of Entomology [České Budějovice] (BIOLOGY CENTRE CAS), Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences (BIOLOGY CENTRE CAS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS)-Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Kyoto University [Kyoto], Laboratory of Insect Ecology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Environment Agency Austria, Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia (DSA3), Università degli Studi di Perugia (UNIPG), The paper had its origin at a workshop on 'Drivers, impacts, mechanisms and adaptation in insect invasions' hosted by the DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology in Stellenbosch, South Africa, in November 2014. Additional financial support was provided by HortGro, the National Research Foundation of South Africa, Stellenbosch University, and SubTrop. We thank all our collaborators, and particularly the volunteer community, who have contributed to research around the world on H. axyridis. The number of references included reflects the range of inspiring studies on H. axyridis from so many people-we look forward to new and continued collaborations in the future. We are grateful to the editors of this special issue for inviting this review and providing an opportunity to explore ideas through the 'Invasive Insects Workshop funding (NRF South Africa, CIB)'. We also thank the anonymous reviewers for all their useful comments and reflections. The UK Ladybird Survey and associated coauthors are supported by the Biological Records Centre (part of the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology), which receives support from both the Natural Environment Research Council and the Joint Nature Conservation Committee. The IOBC WPRS and Global Working Groups 'Benefits and Risks of Exotic Biological Control Agents' and the COST Action TD1209 'Alien Challenge' have facilitated discussions and collaborations on H. axyridis. This study was supported by the French Agropolis Fondation (Labex Agro-Montpellier, BIOFIS Project Number 1001-001) and by a grant from the ERA-Net BiodivERsA, with the national funders ANR (France), DFG (Germany) and BELSPO (Belgium), as part of the 2012-2013 BiodivERsA call for research proposals. Support has been also received from FONDECYT 1140662 (Chile). The study of M.J. Orlova-Bienkowskaja and I. A. Zakharov was supported by Russian Science Foundation, Project No. 16-16-00079. Gabriele Rondoni acknowledges financial support from Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Perugia. Riaan Stals acknowledges funding from the Department of Science and Technology, South Africa. The research of Peter Zach and colleagues was funded by the project VEGA 2/0035/13 and VEGA 2/0052/15. A. Honek and Z. Martinkova were supported by grants GACR 14-26561S and COST CZ LD14084. Research in Switzerland is funded by the Swiss Federal Office for the Environment. Hans Peter Ravn was supported by the Villum Foundation. Danny Haelewaters acknowledges funding from the David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies at Harvard University and from the Mycological Society of America., Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech [Sophia Antipolis] (ISA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Julius Kühn Institute (JKI), CABI Europe Switzerland, Universität der Bundeswehr München [Neubiberg], Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Grad Sch Agr, Lab Forest Ecol, Department of Biodiversity and Nature Conservation, NEMOD Biotherapeutics GmbH & Co. KG, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC), RS: FSE MSP, and Maastricht Science Programme
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Range (biology) ,Ecology (disciplines) ,ADALIA-BIPUNCTATA ,Population ,Biodiversity ,INTRAGUILD PREDATION ,Generalist and specialist species ,NATURAL ENEMIES ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Ecology and Environment ,1ST RECORD ,Competitive interactions ,MYZUS-PERSICAE HOMOPTERA ,education ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Apex predator ,education.field_of_study ,APHIS-GLYCINES ,Ecology ,biology ,PALLAS COLEOPTERA-COCCINELLIDAE ,Biocontrol ,15. Life on land ,biology.organism_classification ,Harmonia axyridis ,010602 entomology ,MULTICOLORED ASIAN LADYBIRD ,Coccinellidae ,Invasion history ,Species traits ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,BEETLE COLEOPTERA ,BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL ,Intraguild predation - Abstract
International audience; The harlequin ladybird, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), is native to Asia but has been intentionally introduced to many countries as a biological control agent of pest insects. In numerous countries, however, it has been introduced unintentionally. The dramatic spread of H. axyridis within many countries has been met with considerable trepidation. It is a generalist top predator, able to thrive in many habitats and across wide climatic conditions. It poses a threat to biodiversity, particularly aphidophagous insects, through competition and predation, and in many countries adverse effects have been reported on other species, particularly coccinellids. However, the patterns are not consistent around the world and seem to be affected by many factors including landscape and climate. Research on H. axyridis has provided detailed insights into invasion biology from broad patterns and processes to approaches in surveillance and monitoring. An impressive number of studies on this alien species have provided mechanistic evidence alongside models explaining large-scale patterns and processes. The involvement of citizens in monitoring this species in a number of countries around the world is inspiring and has provided data on scales that would be otherwise unachievable. Harmonia axyridis has successfully been used as a model invasive alien species and has been the inspiration for global collaborations at various scales. There is considerable scope to expand the research and associated collaborations, particularly to increase the breadth of parallel studies conducted in the native and invaded regions. Indeed a qualitative comparison of biological traits across the native and invaded range suggests that there are differences which ultimately could influence the population dynamics of this invader. Here we provide an overview of the invasion history and ecology of H. axyridis globally with consideration of future research perspectives. We reflect broadly on the contributions of such research to our understanding of invasion biology while also informing policy and people.
- Published
- 2016
38. Strategies for new and improved vaccines against ticks and tick-borne diseases
- Author
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J. de la Fuente, Christine Maritz-Olivier, Ala E. Lew-Tabor, Petr Kopáček, European Commission, Czech Science Foundation, Department of Science and Technology (South Africa), and National Research Foundation (South Africa)
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Immunology ,Disease ,Tick ,03 medical and health sciences ,Immune system ,Ticks ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Tick Control ,Antigens ,Interactomics ,Pathogen ,Tick-borne disease ,Vaccines ,biology ,Transmission (medicine) ,bacterial infections and mycoses ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Virology ,3. Good health ,Tick Infestations ,Vaccinology ,030104 developmental biology ,Reverse genetics ,Tick-Borne Diseases ,Vector (epidemiology) ,Host-Pathogen Interactions ,Parasitology ,Systems biology ,Vaccine - Abstract
Ticks infest a variety of animal species and transmit pathogens causing disease in both humans and animals worldwide. Tick-host-pathogen interactions have evolved through dynamic processes that accommodated the genetic traits of the hosts, pathogens transmitted and the vector tick species that mediate their development and survival. New approaches for tick control are dependent on defining molecular interactions between hosts, ticks and pathogens to allow for discovery of key molecules that could be tested in vaccines or new generation therapeutics for intervention of tick-pathogen cycles. Currently, tick vaccines constitute an effective and environmentally sound approach for the control of ticks and the transmission of the associated tick-borne diseases. New candidate protective antigens will most likely be identified by focusing on proteins with relevant biological function in the feeding, reproduction, development, immune response, subversion of host immunity of the tick vector and/or molecules vital for pathogen infection and transmission. This review addresses different approaches and strategies used for the discovery of protective antigens, including focusing on relevant tick biological functions and proteins, reverse genetics, vaccinomics and tick protein evolution and interactomics. New and improved tick vaccines will most likely contain multiple antigens to control tick infestations and pathogen infection and transmission., The preparation of this chapter was partially supported by the European Union FP7 ANTIGONE project number 278976. P.K. was supported by the Czech Science Foundation, Grant. No. 13-11043S. CMO is supported by the National Research Foundation of South Africa and the Technology Innovation Agency of South Africa.
- Published
- 2016
39. Lessons learned from clinical trials evaluating pneumococcal conjugate vaccine efficacy against pneumonia and invasive disease.
- Author
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Madhi SA, Whitney CG, and Nohynek H
- Subjects
- Biomarkers metabolism, Clinical Trials as Topic, Humans, Pneumococcal Vaccines therapeutic use, Pneumonia, Pneumococcal metabolism, Vaccines, Conjugate immunology, C-Reactive Protein metabolism, Pneumococcal Vaccines immunology, Pneumonia, Pneumococcal prevention & control, Vaccines, Conjugate therapeutic use
- Abstract
This article discusses lessons learned from clinical trials with pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs). A review of major clinical trials investigating PCV efficacy, this article provides the context to explore challenges associated with studying pneumococcal pneumonia and vaccine efficacy, particularly related to non-bacteremic disease, serotypes, and radiograph interpretation. Throughout these clinical trials, improving the pneumonia diagnosis specificity increased vaccine efficacy estimates. Additional analysis suggests this improvement may come at a cost of detecting much less of the disease burden. The article concludes with a discussion of the potential value of C-reactive protein as an adjunctive marker in measuring PCV efficacy against non-bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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