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A novel dry crystallisation approach was attempted to formulate a convenience mix for a rice pasta–milk pudding. A mechanical stirring unit was custom‐designed for the process. The interactive effect of process parameters (steam pressure, rotor speed, process time) on product characteristics was evaluated in terms of colour, particle size distribution, texture and sensory attributes of the mix and the reconstituted product. Optimised process conditions identified using response surface methodology (RSM) were steam pressure of 1.6 kg/cm2 at a scrapper speed of 50 rpm for 5 min. The prepared mix had a moisture content of <5% and was highly acceptable on reconstitution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The moisture sorption isotherms (MSI) of a dry-crystallized Palada payasam mix and its thermodynamic properties were investigated using the dynamic vapor sorption (DVS) method at 20, 30, and 40°C over a range of water activity (aw) from 0.10 to 0.90. The MSI were found to closely follow a J-shape curve, conforming to Type-ΙΙΙ of Brunauer–Deming–Deming–Teller classification. The Guggenheim–Anderson–de Boer (GAB), Peleg, Iglesias, and Chirife models best described the sorption behavior of Palada payasam mix with a good fit to the sorption data at all three temperatures. The analysis for sorbed water based on the Caurie's model revealed an inverse trend with temperature for the number of adsorbed sites, percent bound water, and surface area while the density increased with temperature. The isosteric heat of sorption computed using the Clausius–Clapeyron equation for the dry mix was found to exponentially decrease from 55.23 to 44.29 kJ mol−1 with increase in moisture content from 1% to 40%. The spreading pressure increased with aw and decreased with temperature at a constant aw. The domination of enthalpy-driven process in the sorption of the mix was established using the compensation theory. The X-ray diffractogram of the product confirmed a crystalline fraction of 65% in the mix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper is an attempt to investigate the eye irritation potential of aqueous leaf extract of Achyranthes aspera by in vitro, Hen's Egg Chorioallantoic Membrane Test (HET-CAM) and in vivo acute eye irritation test in rabbits. The irritation score (IS) obtained after treatment of the extract on HET-CAM is 0.07 and that of in rabbits is 0.55, Which does not comes under either category 1 or 2 as per the harmonized integrated classification system. The aqueous extract of Achyranthes aspera showed no eye irritation properties both in vitro and in vivo methods when compared with negative control whereas positive controls showed eye irritation potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sensitive, precise, accurate and simple UV spectrophotometric methods have been developed for simultaneous estimation of Budesonide (BUD) and Formeterol (FRL) in dry powder inhaler dosage form. The method employed first order derivative spectroscopy in which derivative amplitudes were measured at selected wavelengths (269.4 nm for BUD and 284.6 nm for FRL). Linearity was observed in the concentration range of 2-26 μg/ml for BUD and 10-100 mcg/ml for FRL. The method was found to be accurate (mean percentage accuracy 100.07 )for budesonide and (mean percentage accuracy 100.06) for formeterol and precise with %RSD 0.41 and 0.96 for BUD and FRL(API) respectively(for intraday) and % RSD 0.42 and 0.84 for BUD and FRL (combined dosage form) respectively (for intraday) and 0.78 and 0.48 for BUD and FRL (API) respectively (for inter-day) and 0.61 and 0.45 for BUD and FRL (combined dosage form) respectively (for interday). The proposed methods have been applied successfully to the analysis of cited drugs in pharmaceutical formulations. The methods were validated as per ICH guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current state of art is witnessing a revolution in new techniques for drug delivery. Nevertheless, convenience of manufacturing and patient compliance has maintained their significant importance in the design of drug delivery systems. The objective of the project was to develop a stable and robust formulation of the clomipramine hydrochloride. The present study deals with evaluation and optimization of various critical formulation and process variables of oral solid sustained release dosage form, containing an antidepressant clomipramine hydrochloride drug. Clomipramine was having extensive 1st pass metabolism and associated with frequent dosing of conventional dosage form makes it a suitable candidate for sustained release dosage form for patient compliance. For present work, eudragit having different grades like RL 30D, RS 30D were selected as release retarding agent. Matrix system of clomipramine hydrochloride based on hydrophobic polymer (eudragit RL 30D, eudragit RS 30D, etc.) was tried individually as well as in combinations. Finally core tablets were coated using HPMC 6 Cps. Final optimized batches (F011) obtained fulfilled the criteria of significantly retard the release up to 24 hours with initial loading dose release. Thus it was considered as the optimized batch for once a day sustained release tablet formulation containing clomipramine hydrochloride. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poor water solubility has been attributed to almost half of the 150,000 new molecular entities (NMEs) synthesized annually by pharmaceutical companies, and is also claimed to reduce the performance of more than 10% of successfully marketed drugs. Nanocrystal technology has become the fastest selling drug in the transplant market. Nanotechnologies offer new ways to address these drug delivery challenges and are being applied in a wide range of healthcare settings. Simvastatin is a poorly soluble lipidlowering agent. Its Water solubility is very low, approximately 30 μg/mL and poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. This work is an attempt to overcome the poor solubility and dissolution rate of simvastatin by using Nanosuspension technology. PVP and Tween 80 with Soybean Lecithin were used at different ratios as the surfactants. The formulations were done by Emulsion-solvent evaporation method followed by freezedrying. The formulated nanoparticles were subjected to characterization studies like Particle size analysis, X-ray diffraction studies, Differential Scanning Colorimetry, Scanning electron microscopy and UV analysis. The dissolution test of tablets containing the nanometric drug flakes revealed that, within 30 minutes, 89.76% (w/w) of the simvastatin in the tablet was dissolved. In comparison, the dissolution test of the conventional tablets revealed that under these testing conditions only 45.97% (w/w) simvastatin was dissolved. This result demonstrates the significant advantage of simvastatin nanoparticles over the conventional particulate drug and the feasibility of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conventional sericulture process is very tedious and involves the cruelty by killing thousands of silkworms. Nowadays researchers are trying various new approaches for smooth production of the silk. Ahimsa peace silk is one of such development, which has to be cheered. The approach is evolved in India and under which silk is woven without hurting silkworms by making use of empty pierced cocoons. This paper gives a picture of the basic technology involved in Ahimsa Peace Silk process, its impact on various ecological aspects and the scope for its development in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays dry cleaning is used for all types of garments. The most common dry cleaning solvent at present is perchloroethylene (perc). There are several health risks associated with perc. The use of perc is already strictly regulated and more strict regulations are expected. In search of other environment friendly solution carbon dioxide is a viable alternative for pert. Carbon dioxide (CO2)is non-toxic, inflammable and ecologically sound. Liquid and supercritical CO2 can be used. The use of supercritical CO2 offers several new possibilities, which makes the use of CO2 more attractive. CO2 is non-toxic, non-polluting medium which eliminates zoning restrictions, flammability risks and harmful threats to individuals and the environment. CO2 cleans virtually every type of fabric and provides longer garment life, brighter colours and is entirely odour free. The capital requirement of the CO2the long run, these machines will save money by eliminating the disposal and regulatory costs associated with perc. The overall costs of liquid CO2 dry cleaning are lower than those of perc dry cleaning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Basalt is an igneous, hard, dense volcanic rock that can be found in most countries across the globe. For many years basalt stones were mainly used for construction, industrial and highway engineering and most particularly for the casting processes to make tiles and slabs for architectural applications. More recently, continuous fibers extruded from naturally fire-resistant basalt have been investigated as a replacement for asbestos fibers, in almost all of its applications. The paper reviews the development of basalt fibre during last decade. Basalt has emerged as a contender in the fibre reinforcement of composites. The performance is similar to S-2 glass fibers and E-glass fibres, and may offer manufacturers a less-expensive alternative to carbon fibre. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]