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Der vom Bundesamt für Migration und Flüchtlinge erstellte Migrationsbericht 2021 wurde am 11. Januar 2023 durch das Bundesministerium des Innern, für Bau und Heimat vorgestellt. Neben umfassenden Wanderungsdaten zu Deutschland enthält der Bericht einen europäischen Vergleich zum Migrationsgeschehen und zur Asylzuwanderung. Er behandelt das Phänomen der irregulären Migration und informiert über die Struktur und Entwicklung der Bevölkerung mit Migrationshintergrund in Deutschland.

How important were manufacturing and heavy industries to the economic integration of twentieth-century immigrants in Western societies? This article examines how macro-social change in Germany since the height of manufacturing has affected the socio-economic integration of male immigrants. We develop an analytical framework to assess how educational expansion among natives, deindustrialization, and the increasing importance of formal qualifications shape male immigrant-native gaps in labor-market outcomes over time. Empirically, we focus on first-generation male Turkish immigrants in Germany and use micro-census data spanning almost 40 years. Through a novel empirical quantification of key theoretical arguments concerning immigrant economic integration, we find growing inter-group differences between the late 1970s and mid-2000s (employment) and mid-2010s (incomes), respectively. The growth of differences between the immigrant and native income distributions was most pronounced in their respective bottom halves. Our analysis shows that these trends are linked to the increased importance of formal educational qualifications for individual labor-market success, to educational expansion in Germany, and to deindustrialization. Employment in Germany shifted away from middling positions in manufacturing, but while natives tended to move into better-paying positions, Turkish immigrants mainly shifted into disadvantaged service jobs. These results provide novel evidence for claims that the economic assimilation of less-skilled immigrants may become structurally harder in increasingly post-industrial societies. We conclude that structural change in host countries is an important, yet often overlooked, driver of immigrant socio-economic integration trajectories.

Im vergangenen Jahrzehnt sind über 1,8 Millionen Deutsche ins Ausland fortgezogen. Internationale Mobilität gewinnt für die Lebensläufe der jüngeren Generation zunehmend an Bedeutung. Für zwei Drittel der umgezogenen Personen ist der Auslandsaufenthalt nur zeitlich befristet und für einige Jahre geplant. Ebenfalls zwei Drittel dieser Personen lebten bereits früher einmal im Ausland. Umzüge ins Ausland erfolgen meist aus ökonomischen Motiven sowie aus Gründen des Lebensstils. Die ins Ausland umgezogenen Personen sind überdurchschnittlich qualifiziert. Drei Viertel der Befragten besitzen einen Hochschulabschluss. Die ins Ausland umgezogenen Personen profitieren beruflich in den meisten Fällen von ihrem Auslandsaufenthalt. Selbst unter Berücksichtigung von Kaufkraftunterschieden zwischen Deutschland und den verschiedenen Zielländern erhöhen sich mit dem Umzug ins Ausland die monatlichen Nettoverdienste von Vollzeitbeschäftigten durchschnittlich um knapp 1.200 Euro. Öffentlich finanzierte internationale Mobilitätsprogramme sollten weitere Bevölkerungsgruppen ansprechen. Vereinfachung und bessere Sichtbarkeit der Programme könnten ihre Attraktivität auch für Bevölkerungs- und Berufsgruppen mit bisher geringerer internationaler Mobilität erhöhen.

Vaccine hesitancy is one of the major obstacles for successfully combating the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. To achieve a sufficiently high vaccination rate, calls for compulsory vaccinations have been discussed controversially. This study analyses what drives citizens’ attitudes towards compulsory vaccination during the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, we are interested in the impact of party- and expert cues on public attitudes. We further expect populist attitudes to be an important indicator of the rejection of compulsory vaccination due to their scepticism towards science. To test these expectations, we rely on a cueing experiment conducted on a sample of 2265 German citizens. We test for the effects of in-party and out-party cues as well as public health expert cues. We find evidence for in-party cues, meaning that respondents adjust their position on this issue in the direction of their most preferred party. Similar results can be found for public health expert cues. However, there is no evidence for out-party cues. Further analyses reveal that support for compulsory vaccinations is not affected by left-right placement directly. Instead, only the combination of right-wing attitudes and populism negatively affects support for compulsory vaccination.

Der Forschungsbericht zur Repräsentativuntersuchung "Ausgewählte Migrantengruppen in Deutschland" (RAM 2015) enthält Erkenntnisse über vier große Gruppen von Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund. Hierfür wurden zwischen Juni bis September 2015 insgesamt 2.498 Personen interviewt, darunter 633 polnische, 632 rumänische, 614 türkische Staatsangehörige und 619 deutsche Staatsangehörige mit türkischem Migrationshintergrund. Der vorliegende Bericht liefert einen deskriptiven Überblick über ausgewählte Aspekte der Integration und Einstellungen der im Jahr 2015 befragten vier Gruppen., The research report on the representative survey entitled "Selected groups of migrants in Germany" (RAM 2015) contains information on four large groups of people with a migration background. This involved interviewing a total of 2,498 people between June and September 2015, 633 of whom were Polish, 632 were Romanian and 614 were Turkish nationals, as well as 619 German nationals with a Turkish migration background. This report provides a descriptive overview of selected aspects of integration and attitudes among the four groups of people who were surveyed in 2015.

Auch im Jahr 2021 stand die politische Partizipation von Bürger:innen in Deutschland im Zeichen der COVID-19-Pandemie. Mehrere Infektionswellen schränkten das soziale Leben weiterhin ein und nahmen Einfluss auf die öffentliche Meinungsbildung und das politische Engagement: Großveranstaltungen wie Demonstrationen konnten nicht oder nur unter Auflagen im Rahmen des Infektionsschutzes durchgeführt werden, relevante Teile des politischen Diskurses und des politischen Handelns fanden im Internet statt. Die Längsschnittstudie zu politischer Partizipation, die die Forschungsgruppe "Digital Citizenship" des Weizenbaum-Instituts für die vernetzte Gesellschaft seit 2019 durchführt, befasst sich mit dem politischen und sozialen Engagement in Deutschland. Die forschungsleitende Frage nach der Nutzung digitaler Medien und ihrem Einfluss auf politisches Handeln wurde in diesem Jahr durch Fragen zu politischen Geschlechternormen und feministischen Einstellungen ergänzt. Sie sollen Aufschluss über die Hintergründe für geschlechtsbezogene Ungleichheiten in der politischen Partizipation geben (S. 10-11). Ein weiterer Schwerpunkt der Untersuchung bezog sich auf die Wahrnehmung und Verbreitung von Falschnachrichten ("Fake News") und Hassrede ("Hate Speech") in sozialen Medien (S. 11-12). Der Weizenbaum Report dokumentiert jährlich ausgewählte Befunde dieser bevölkerungsrepräsentativen Längsschnittuntersuchung, die von Oktober bis Dezember 2021 zum dritten Mal durchgeführt wurde. Die Besonderheit dieser Studie, durch die sie sich von vielen anderen Datenerhebungen unterscheidet, ist das sogenannte Paneldesign, bei dem dieselben Personen jedes Jahr erneut befragt werden. Dieses Studiendesign ermöglicht es, Veränderungen im Hinblick auf die Mediennutzung, die politische Partizipation oder bestimmte politische Einstellungen im Zeitverlauf sehr detailliert verfolgen zu können. Weiterführende Informationen zum Weizenbaum Panel, zu den methodischen Details der Erhebungen sowie alle früheren B

Although it is widely known that reading plays a significant role in mathematics performance, it remains unclear how specific reading component skills and item characteristics are associated with adults’ mathematics performance. The aim of this study was to investigate reading component skills (printed vocabulary, sentence processing, passage comprehension), characteristics of mathematics items (picture/table, complex verb forms, number of prepositions, lexical density), and the possible interaction effects thereof on mathematics performance. The sample consisted of 368 German adults (age: M = 50.45; 59% female). Our results showed main effects on performance from adults’ reading component skills and item characteristics. Furthermore, interaction effects between passage comprehension and two item characteristics on mathematics performance emerge. Implications include enhancing adults’ reading component skills.

Over the last few years, climate change has risen to the top of the agenda in many Western democracies, backed by a growing share of voters supporting climate protection policies. To understand how and why these changes came about, we revisit the question whether personal experiences with increasingly unusual local weather conditions affect people’s beliefs about climate change and their related attitudes. We first take a closer look at the theoretical underpinnings and extend the theoretical argument to account for the differential impact of different weather phenomena, as well as the role of prior beliefs and individual reference frames. Applying mixed-effects regressions to a novel dataset combining individual-level multi-wave panel survey data from up to 18,010 German voters collected from 2016 to 2019 with weather data from 514 weather stations, we show that personally experiencing unusual or extreme local weather did not shape people’s awareness of climate change as a political problem or their climate policy preferences in a sustained manner. Even among people who may be considered most likely to exhibit such effects, we did not detect them. Moreover, we demonstrate that the common modeling strategy of combining fixed-effects regression with clustered standard errors leads to severely reduced standard errors and substantively different results. We conclude that it cannot be taken for granted that personally experiencing extreme weather phenomena makes a difference in perceptions of climate change and related policy preferences.

This paper compares the partnership arrangements of Turkish and Ethnic German immigrants (i.e., return migrants from Ethnic German communities from predominantly Eastern European countries), the two largest migrant groups in Germany, and native Germans. Most existing analyses of migrants' partnerships focus on intermarriage, marriage formation, or union dissolution. We know only a little, however, about the prevalence of non-marital living arrangements. Given that single person households and cohabitation are widespread phenomena mainly in post-materialist societies, analyzing whether immigrants engage in these behaviors sheds light on potential adaptation processes. The analyses are based on the German Microcensus of the years 2009 and 2013, with a focus on adults in the 18–40 age group. First, we present descriptive findings on the prevalence of partnership arrangements of immigrants and native Germans. Second, we estimate cross-sectional regressions with the partnership arrangement as the outcome variable in order to control for compositional differences between immigrant groups with respect to education. Our results show that while the vast majority of first-generation immigrants are married, the share of married natives is considerably smaller. Living in an independent household without a partner and cohabitation are rare phenomena among immigrants. By contrast, about one in seven natives is cohabiting and more than one quarter is living in an independent household without a partner. The most prevalent partnership living arrangement of the Turkish second generation is living in the parental household without a partner. These results are robust after controlling for education, age, and year in the multiple regression analysis.

Der Migrationsbericht 2020 enthält neben umfassenden Wanderungsdaten zu Deutschland einen europäischen Vergleich zum Migrationsgeschehen und zur Asylzuwanderung. Er behandelt das Phänomen der irregulären Migration und informiert über die Struktur und Entwicklung der Bevölkerung mit Migrationshintergrund in Deutschland.

Introducing the German minority subpopulation of southern Chile and concepts of "ethnic" and "cultural" membership, the article proposes a sampling plan based on name typologies found in regional telephone directory entries. The aim is to generate a random sample of 1,000 German-Chileans with their names and addresses, its applications ranging from postal, personal or telephone surveys to qualitative inquiry and marketing or public diplomacy campaigns. Following a test run of the sampling procedure, the viability of the sampling plan is asserted, albeit with some cautious remarks about its limitations. The article argues that the sampling plan can be adapted to research in the context of other ethnic/cultural minorities as well, depending on circumstances.

Der Fall Colonia Dignidad ist eines der dunkelsten Kapitel der bundesdeutschen Geschichte und bis heute in großen Teilen nicht aufgearbeitet. In der von deutschen Staatsbürgern in Chile gegründeten Siedlung wurde zwischen 1961 und 2005 missbraucht, misshandelt, gefoltert und gemordet. Medien und Menschenrechtsorganisationen berichteten früh darüber, das Auswärtige Amt und die bundesdeutsche Justiz schritten jedoch nicht ein. Der Autor hat hierzu in umfangreichen Recherchen Primärquellen aus Behörden- und Privatarchiven erschlossen. Er rekonstruiert detailliert die Verbrechen sowie das respektive Behördenverhalten und legt die Mitverantwortung von Bundesbehörden für die schweren Menschenrechtsverletzungen der Colonia Dignidad offen.

Gesundheitskrisen wie die Corona-Pandemie verlangen einen steten Informationsfluss ausgehend von offiziellen Behörden über die Medien zu den Bürger*innen, um einerseits Panik zu vermeiden und andererseits relevante Informationen zu den aktuellsten Schutzmaßnahmen an die Bevölkerung zu distribuieren. Ausschlaggebend für den Erfolg dieser Kommunikationsmaßnahmen ist jedoch die individuelle Bereitschaft, die bereitgestellten Informationen auch zu rezipieren. Einem Repertoire-Ansatz folgend erforscht die Studie bestehende Muster im Informationsverhalten der Deutschen zu Beginn der Pandemie sowie deren Veränderungen zwischen März und April 2020. Sie untersucht weiterhin, welche Bedeutung soziodemografische Merkmale sowie individuelle, mit der intensiven Berichterstattung in Verbindung stehende Faktoren (Themenverdrossenheit, wahrgenommene Informiertheit) für die Informationssuche haben. Eine zweiwellige Online-Befragung im Panel-Design (N = 1065) diente der Beantwortung dieser Fragen. Im Zuge der Analysen konnten drei zentrale Nutzungstypen mit unterschiedlichen Informationsrepertoires identifiziert werden: Wenignutzende, Traditionalist*innen und Vielnutzende, wobei die Themenverdrossenheit den zentralen Faktor für die Erklärung von Informationsvermeidung darstellt. Dies wirft die Frage auf, wie intensiv die Berichterstattung über ein Thema sein sollte, um ein ausgewogenes Verhältnis zwischen Informationsbedürfnis und Informationssättigung zu erreichen., Health crises like the corona pandemic require a continuous flow of information by official authorities through mass media to the citizens to prevent panic and distribute relevant information on recent preventive measures to the population. Crucial for the success of these communicational measures, however, is the individual willingness of people to receive the provided information. Referring to the media repertoire approach, this study examines existing clusters of informational behavior at the beginning of the pandemic as well as changes thereof between March and April 2020. Furthermore, this study examines the relevance of sociodemographic characteristics and individual factors that cohere with intensive media coverage (topic fatigue, information sufficiency) for information seeking behavior. An online panel with two survey waves (N = 1065) was conducted to examine these questions. As part of the analyses, three types of users with various information repertoires were identified: Rare Users, Traditional Users, and Frequent Users - whereby topic fatigue is the main predictor of information avoidance. This raises the question of how intense the coverage on an issue should be to achieve a balance between the need for information and information saturation.

Muslimische Symbole werden häufig als eine von außen herangetragene Bedrohung kultureller Werte in Deutschland wahrgenommen. Was geschieht aber, wenn Mitglieder der eigenen Gruppe diese Symbole verwenden? In der vorliegenden Studie sind wir der Frage nachgegangen, wie deutsche Frauen wahrgenommen werden, die das Kopftuch Al-Amira, tragen. Nach dem Black Sheep Effekt werden Normverstöße durch Mitglieder der Eigengruppe stärker geahndet als durch Mitglieder einer Fremdgruppe. Wir nehmen an, dass dies besonders dann gelten sollte, wenn Personen hohe Ausprägungen in autoritären Einstellungen zeigen und daher Normabweichungen als Bedrohung für die Gruppenkohäsion wahrnehmen. In einer online durchgeführten experimentellen Studie präsentierten wir deutschen Teilnehmenden (N = 193, 139 weiblich, 51 männlich, 3 divers; M Alter = 26, SD = 7,64) anhand eines zweifaktoriellen between-participants Designs Fotos von deutschen oder türkischen Frauen mit oder ohne Kopftuch (Al-Amira) und erfassten Autoritarismus als Moderatorvariable. Entsprechend unserer Hypothesen konnten wir zeigen, dass deutsche Proband*innen mit steigenden Ausprägungen in Autoritarismus weniger Vertrauen und weniger Kommunikationsbereitschaft gegenüber deutschen Frauen mit Kopftuch als gegenüber türkischen Frauen mit Kopftuch zeigten. Die Ergebnisse stützen das Verständnis von Normorientierung als zentrales Merkmal von Autoritarismus., Muslim symbols are often perceived as an external threat to cultural values in Germany. What happens if in-group members apply these symbols? In the present study, we investigated the perception of German women wearing the headscarf Al-Amira. According to the black sheep effect, norm violations by in-group members are punished more severely than norm violations by out-group members. We assume that this should apply in particular when people show high levels of authoritarian attitudes and therefore perceive deviations from the norm as a threat to group cohesion. In an experimental study conducted online, we presented German participants (N = 193, 139 female, 51 male, 3 diverse; M age = 26, SD = 7.64), in a two-factor between-participant design, photos of German or Turkish women with or without a headscarf (Al-Amira) and recorded authoritarianism as a moderator variable. Based on our hypotheses, we were able to show that German participants showed with increasing levels of authoritarianism less trust and less willingness to communicate with German women wearing headscarves than with Turkish women wearing headscarves. The results support the understanding of norm orientation as a central characteristic of authoritarianism.

Background: An ageing and a shrinking labour force implies that the prevention of a premature exit from work due to poor health will become more relevant in the future. Medical rehabilitation is a health service that aims at active participation in working life. The provision of this service will be relevant for an increasing part of the ageing labour force, namely, employees with a migrant background and their different subgroups. Thus, this study examines whether first- and second-generation employees with migrant background differ from non-migrants in their utilisation of rehabilitation services and whether within the subsample of migrant employees, those persons with foreign nationality differ from those with German nationality. Methods: Socially insured employees born in 1959 or 1965 were surveyed nationwide in 2011 as part of the lidA cohort study (n=6303). Survey data of the first study wave were used to identify the dependent variable of the utilisation of rehabilitation (in- and outpatient), the independent variable of migrant status and the covariates of sociodemographic, work- and non-work-related factors. Applying bivariate statistics with tests of independence and block-wise logistic regressions, differences between the groups were investigated. Additionally, average marginal effects were computed to directly compare the adjusted models. Results: The study showed that first-generation migrants had a significantly lower likelihood of utilising outpatient rehabilitation than non-migrants (fully adj. OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.22-0.82) and that average marginal effects indicated higher differences in the full model than in the null model. No significant differences were found between the first- or second-generation migrants and non-migrants when comparing the utilisation of inpatient rehabilitation or any rehabilitation or when analysing German and foreign employees with migrant background (n=1148). Conclusions: Significant differences in the utilisation of outpati

Integration und Migration werden in Deutschland nie an Bedeutung verlieren. Ob als Gastarbeiter in den 1950er Jahren, Flüchtling in den 1970er Jahren oder Vertragsarbeiter in den 80ern, Deutschland hat über Jahre hinweg zahllose Migranten aufgenommen. Doch keine Migrantengruppe wird derzeit in den Medien positiver erwähnt als die der Vietnamesen. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es aufzuzeigen, wie sich die Integration der Vietnamesen aus deutscher und vietnamesischer Sicht unterscheiden bzw. ähneln. Dazu wurden folgende Forschungsfragen gestellt: Sehen die deutschen Bürger die Vietnamesen tatsächlich als voll integriert? Und wie schätzen die Vietnamesen selbst ihre Integration ein? Um diese Fragen zu beantworten, sind vier qualitative Interviews mit zwei deutschen Staatsbürgern deutscher Herkunft, einer Vietnamesin, die in die damalige DDR als Vertragsarbeiterin kam, und einer Vietnamesin zweiter Generation, die in Deutschland geboren und aufgewachsen ist, durchgeführt worden. Die Interviews wurden auf Meinungen im Hinblick auf die vietnamesische Integration untersucht. Im Großen und Ganzen kann gesagt werden, dass trotz einiger Divergenzen hinsichtlich der geäußerten Sichtweisen, die Interviewten fast einstimmig der Meinung sind, Vietnamesen seien gut in die deutsche Gesellschaft eingegliedert - auch wenn das, was sie unter Integration verstehen, teilweise stark von den wissenschaftlichen Definitionen abweicht., The topic of migration and integration has not only become one of the most important but also one of the most divisive issues in Germany during recent years. However, migration and integration as such have always been important for Germany. Whether Turkish or Italian guest workers in the 1950s, Asian boat people in the 1970s or Vietnamese contract workers in the 1980s, West and East Germany have taken in numerous migrants over the years. As a matter of fact, no migrant group has been mentioned more positively in the media than the Vietnamese. The object of this paper is to show how the integration of the Vietnamese people differs or is similar from a German and Vietnamese perspective. The following research questions will be discussed: 1st) Do German people really see the Vietnamese as fully integrated? 2nd) How do the Vietnamese themselves assess their integration? In order to answer these questions, four qualitative interviews were conducted with two German participants, one Vietnamese woman who had come to the former GDR as a contract worker, and a second-generation Vietnamese woman born and raised in Germany. All participants were asked to express their individual opinions regarding Vietnamese integration. In general, it can be said that despite some differences in opinion, the interviewees were almost unanimously of the opinion that Vietnamese people are well integrated into German society, although this opinion cannot always be supported by scientific definitions.

Attitudes towards foreigners are widely researched, most frequently in survey studies. However, in that context it is often unclear which attitude object respondents have in mind, and thus what their answers refer to. This paper uses a representative sample of 3,195 Germans who reported which groups they think of when thinking about foreigners living in Germany. We found that Germans disproportionately think of groups who are Muslim, and that such salience is associated with more negative attitudes towards “foreigners.” This holds true when controlling for attitudes towards Muslims; in fact, thinking of Muslim groups when thinking about foreigners moderates the relationship between anti-Muslim and anti-foreigner attitudes. The relationships were weaker when respondents think of Turks, a large and long-standing minority in Germany, suggesting an attenuation of the links through familiarity or intergroup contacts. No relationship was found between thinking of refugees and attitudes towards foreigners. Implications for research are discussed, particularly regarding the interpretation of self-reported attitudes towards foreigners and the study of populist strategies., Einstellungen gegenüber Ausländern werden häufig mit Befragungen untersucht. Bei der Analyse von Antworten ist allerdings häufig unklar, auf welches Einstellungsobjekt sich die Befragten beziehen und wie die Antworten dementsprechend zu interpretieren sind. In diesem Artikel verwenden wir eine repräsentative Stichprobe von 3.195 deutschen Staatsbürgern, die in ALLBUS 2016 angaben, an welche Gruppen sie denken, wenn sie an in Deutschland lebende Ausländer denken. Wir stellten fest, dass die Deutschen überproportional oft an muslimische Gruppen denken und dass das Denken an muslimische Gruppen mit negativeren Einstellungen gegenüber „Ausländern“ verbunden ist. Das gilt auch, wenn in den Analysen für die spezifische Einstellung gegenüber Muslimen kontrolliert wird. Der Effekt tritt teilweise durch eine Moderation auf: Wenn muslimische Gruppen zentraler Teil des Ausländerbegriffes sind, ist der Zusammenhang zwischen Islam-feindlichen und ausländerfeindlichen Einstellungen stärker. Der Zusammenhang war hingegen schwächer, wenn die Befragten an Türken dachten (eine große und etablierte muslimische Minderheit in Deutschland). Dieser Befund weist auf eine Abschwächung des negativen Effekts der mentalen Präsenz von muslimischen Gruppen durch Vertrautheit oder Kontakte zwischen Gruppen hin. Entgegen unserer Erwartungen fanden wir keinen generellen Zusammenhang zwischen der Zentralität von Flüchtlingen im Ausländerbegriff und der Einstellung gegenüber Ausländern; einzig wenn Befragte spezifisch an „Asylbewerber“ dachten, war dies mit negativeren Einstellungen gegenüber Ausländern verbunden. Insgesamt war das Denken an eine größere Zahl von Gruppen, und damit die Komplexität des Ausländerbegriffes, mit positiveren Einstellungen assoziiert. Implikationen für die Forschung werden diskutiert, insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Interpretation von Selbstberichten von Einstellungen gegenüber Ausländern und die Analyse populistischer Strategien.

Die BAMF-Kurzanalyse 4|2021 untersucht, wie sich zwischen 2016 und 2019 die sozialen Kontakte und Deutschkenntnisse bei Geflüchteten entwickelt haben. Anhand von Daten aus den ersten vier Erhebungswellen der IAB-BAMF-SOEP-Befragung von Geflüchteten wird untersucht, wie sich zwischen 2016 bis 2019 der Spracherwerb, der Besuch von Sprachkursen, die Häufigkeit der Nutzung der deutschen Sprache sowie die sozialen Kontakte von Geflüchteten - insbesondere zu Deutschen - entwickelt haben. Mit Hilfe von Daten aus einer Zusatzbefragung, die im Sommer 2020 durchgeführt wurde und die Auswirkungen der COVID-19-Pandemie zum Gegenstand hatte, wird zudem analysiert, wie sich der Spracherwerb sowie die sozialen Kontakte im Zuge der Pandemie verändert haben.

Background: It can be assumed that resettlers (ethnic German immigrants from the Former Soviet Union) show similar smoking patterns as persons in their countries of origin at the time of migration. We analysed how the smoking prevalence among resettlers differs from that among the general population of Germany and whether the prevalence differs between groups with increasing duration of stay. Methods: To estimate the smoking prevalence we used the scientific-use-file (n = 477,239) of the German 2005 microcensus, an annual census representing 1% of all German households. Participation in the microcensus is obligatory (unit-nonresponse <7%). We stratified the prevalence of smoking among resettlers and the comparison group (population of Germany without resettlers) by age, sex, educational level and duration of stay. In total, 14,373 (3% of the total) persons were identified as resettlers. Results: Female resettlers with short duration of stay had a significantly lower smoking prevalence than women in the comparison group. With increasing duration of stay their smoking prevalence appears to converge to that of the comparison group (e.g.: high educational level, age group 25-44 years: short duration of stay 15%, long duration of stay 24%, comparison group 28%). In contrast, the smoking prevalence among male resettlers with short duration of stay was significantly higher than that among men in the comparison group, but also with a trend towards converging (e.g.: high educational level, age group 25-44 years: short duration of stay 44%, long duration of stay 35%, comparison group 36%). Except for female resettlers with short duration of stay, the participants with low educational level had on average a higher smoking prevalence than those with a high educational level. Conclusions: This is the first study estimating the smoking prevalence among resettlers by duration of stay. The results support the hypothesis that resettlers brought different smoking habits from their co

The role of literature (fictional and non-fictional) and its reflection on the reading process of Soviet Germans is closely connected with Soviet German history up to the present situation. Principally, two reasons are responsible for this: 1) the lack of a satisfying German language competence and of a general interest by the Germans and 2) many problems with the distribution of German language literature. This includes fictional and non-fictional texts. Another result on the basis of 21 in-depth interviews with Soviet German emigrants and of the analysis of the Soviet German press reveals that there exists only very little interest in the Soviet German literature. The Soviet German press, first of all the weekly "Neues Leben", functions as a forum of Soviet German questions dealing with Soviet German history, culture and literature. For many Soviet Germans, "Neues Leben" is the only German language source they read. In reading more literature from East and West Germany the interest in German language literature could raise. Closer connections of Soviet German writers to their readers could increase the interest in reading Soviet German literature and in using the German language.

From 1983 to 1986 the Osteuropa-lnstitut München conducted an interview project with Recent German Emigrants (deutsche Spätaussiedler) from the Soviet Union. The aim of the project was to obtain first-hand information on the social, economic and political conditions in the Soviet Union. The present study deals with some basic assumptions of the German interview project. First, the sampling frame and the referent soviet population are defined and explained. Then the criteria are stated, by which the respondents were chosen. A comparison between the socioeconomic characteristics of the referent population, the sampling frame and the respondents reveals that the targets, set for the sampling procedure were met.

Background: Studies from European and non-European countries have shown that migrants utilize cervical cancer screening less often than non-migrants. Findings from Germany are inconsistent. This can be explained by several limitations of existing investigations, comprising residual confounding and data which is restricted to only some regions of the country. Using data from a large-scale and nationwide population survey and applying the Andersen Model of Health Services Use as the theoretical framework, the aim of the present study was to examine the role that different predisposing, enabling and need factors have for the participation of migrant and non-migrant women in cervical cancer screening in Germany. Methods: We used data from the ‘German Health Update 2014/2015’ survey on n = 12,064 women ≥20 years of age. The outcome of interest was the participation in cancer screening (at least once in lifetime vs. no participation). The outcome was compared between the three population groups of non-migrants, migrants from EU countries and migrants from non-EU countries. We employed multivariable logistic regression to examine the role of predisposing, enabling and need factors. Results: Non-EU and EU migrant women reported a lower utilization of cervical cancer screening (50.1 and 52.7%, respectively) than non-migrant women (57.2%). The differences also remained evident after adjustment for predisposing, enabling and need factors. The respective adjusted odds ratios (OR) for non-EU and EU migrants were OR = 0.67 (95%-CI = 0.55–0.81) and OR = 0.80 (95%-CI = 0.66–0.97), respectively. Differences between migrants and non-migrants were particularly pronounced for younger age groups. Self-rated health was associated with participation in screening only in non-migrants, with a poorer health being indicative of a low participation in cancer screening. Conclusions: The disparities identified are in line with findings from studies conducted in other countries and are indicative

The purpose of this paper is to analyse how the Soviet Germans get instruction in their mother tongue in the Soviet school system. As the extended analysis of the Soviet-German newspapers and journals as well as the results of 27 in-depth-interviews show, the situation of the mother tongue teaching has not changed from the early 60s up to now. The paper examines the reasons for the deteriorating status of the mother tongue teaching and shortly offers a perspective for ameliorations.

1. This paper analyses the ethnic identity of Soviet Germans, based on a survey study with Soviet German emigrants. 2. Almost all interviewed emigrants were of German nationality defined by the following three criteria: German passport nationality, ethnic (German) self-identification, descent from German parents. Passport nationality played an important role for the respondents. The overwhelming majority voted for keeping the category nationality in the Soviet passport, although belonging to the German minority has sometimes caused problems for them in the past. 3. Endogamy was wide-spread among the questioned emigrants, presumably much wider than among the average Germans in the Soviet Union. Age, education and gender influenced endogamy only marginally, whereas religious belief and German mother tongue had an impact on endogameous behaviour. This indicates that endogamy plays an important role for ethnic identification. 4. The mother tongue of almost 90% of the respondents was German. In contrast to this statement, the German language was rarely used as a daily means of communication with the spouse, friends or colleagues. Only few said, German was the language they knew best. 5. Certain German traditions - like celebrating Christmas or easter - were still common for the majority of the respondents. According to soviet sources, these celebrations were also observed by the German population in the Soviet Union. It was found that the celebration of the above cited ceremonies was not primarily an expression of religiosity but of ethnicity. The overwhelming majority of the respondents belonged to a confession. However, certain religious practices - like individual prayer or reading the bible - were not common anymore among younger people. On the other hand, practices, like Christian marriage or baptism were also important for younger respondents. 6. As to the relations between different nations in the Soviet Union, the majority of our respondents did not see any impro

Der vom Bundesamt für Migration und Flüchtlinge erstellte Migrationsbericht 2019 wurde am 2. Dezember 2020 durch das Bundesministerium des Innern, für Bau und Heimat vorgestellt. Neben umfassenden Wanderungsdaten zu Deutschland enthält der Bericht einen europäischen Vergleich zum Migrationsgeschehen und zur Asylzuwanderung. Er behandelt das Phänomen der irregulären Migration und informiert über die Struktur und Entwicklung der Bevölkerung mit Migrationshintergrund in Deutschland.